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Oilseeds have become an integral part of our lives. Oil plants are grown as demand for a particular product. In order to successfully grow such a crop, it is necessary to study all the specifics, and features of these plants. Vegetable oils contain some of the fat-soluble vitamins. Sunflower oil contains physiologically active substances valuable and necessary for human nutrition: phosphatides, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, aromatic and flavoring substances, as well as the so-called saturated linoleic acids and the like. Oil cake waste from the fat industry is the best concentrated feed for livestock. The fruits and seeds of oilseeds contain proteins, which include many essential amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, cystine, arginine, etc.). Many of the oil plants are good honey plants. Fats are concentrated sources of energy. They provide somewhere around 80-85% of a person's energy reserves. Fats are a source of nutrients - fat-soluble vitamins, phospholipids, and vitamins. One tablespoon of vegetable oil helps to absorb vitamins A, E. (Andreev, 1982:78). Oilseeds of plants that are cultivated for the production of fatty oils are suitable for food and technical purposes. These are annual and perennial plants of various families, mostly herbaceous: sunflower, soybean, peanut, flax, etc.; tropical trees, for example: palm trees, cocoa tree, wax tree. Fatty oils are also obtained from the seeds of cotton, anise, cumin, almonds, walnuts, cedar pine, pits, peach, apricot, etc. Sunflower seeds contain up to 57% oil, soybeans -16-26%, oil flax 50%, sesame-47-64%,peanuts-42-56%,poppy seeds-45-56%, rapeseed-45-56% (Higgins, Best, Jones.1988: 57-61). Sunflower is the main oil plant in our country. Sunflower is a high-yielding crop suitable for mechanized cultivation and harvesting. The sunflower fruit, the achene, contains more than 55% oil. The shell, like husk, makes up 20-25% of the weight of the seeds. In the process of technological processing, the husk is separated from the kernel, as a result of which the oil content rises to 65-66%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Copoazú is a Theobroma species of Amazonian origin, and its derived products have a high content of lipids valuable for both the cosmetic and food industries. The composition of the butter extracted from its seeds can vary depending on the postharvest process and the diverse extraction techniques employed. In this study, the composition of this butter processed with and without seed fermentation was analyzed using two extraction techniques: expeller pressing and hydraulic pressing. Parameters such as lipid profile, quality indexes, melting point, and the content of phytosterols and glyceric compounds were compared with a highly sought-after commercial raw material assessed through standardized volumetric and spectroscopic methodologies. The results showed that non-fermentation and cold-pressing conditions preserved the properties of the butter. This analysis is the first step in a standardized process for developing high-quality cosmetic ingredients derived from Copoazú butter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pressing massage applied to myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) has shown clear effect in relieving pain. However, further research is needed to investigate the effects of different levels of pressure applied during the massage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different strength of pressing on MTrPs in rats with chronic pain. METHODS: Sixty SPF-rated male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group of 10 rats not involved in MTrPs modeling and 50 rats involved in modeling. The MTrPs model was established in the left medial thigh muscle of rats by blunt strikes combined with centrifugal exercise and 40 rats that met the evaluation criteria after modeling were randomly divided into model group, light press group, medium press group and heavy press group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the blank group and the model group were not intervened, while the rats in the light press group, the medium press group and the heavy press group were intervened with a homemade press stimulator with light force (0.3 kg), medium force (0.5 kg) and heavy force (0.7 kg) to MTrPs. The intervention time was 7.5 minutes per session, with one session every other day, totaling seven sessions. Electromyogram, soft tissue tension and mechanical pain threshold were detected by electrophysiological instruments, soft tissue tension tester, and pressure painmeter, respectively. After the intervention, in the blank group, muscle tissue was taken from the inside of the left thigh, while in the other groups, MTrPs tissue was taken. The pathological morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank group, the model group had lower mechanical pain thresholds, higher soft tissue tone, higher amplitude frequency of spontaneous electrical activity, significant pathomorphological changes, and increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the medium press group and the heavy press group showed increased mechanical pain thresholds, decreased soft tissue tension, decreased spontaneous potential frequency amplitude, and decreased levels of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin (P < 0.05), and significant recovery on pathomorphological changes. No significant changes in the above indicators were observed in the light press group (P > 0.05). Compared with the medium press group, the heavy press group showed better improvement in the above indicators (P < 0.05). To conclude, moderate to heavy pressing is often required to alleviate MTrPs pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials based on a polymer matrix of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and W were produced by thermal pressing. The content of W in the samples varied from 0 to 70 %. The recycling properties of LLDPE are demonstrated in this study, which significantly helped to reduce the defects. The microstructure of the composites consists of well-defined W grains covered by elastic LLDPE fibers. A homogeneous distribution of tungsten in the polymer matrix was observed for sample W70. The EDX analysis showed the presence of tungsten and carbon (from the polymer component). The XRD analysis confirms the increase in W content in the samples. The FTIR spectra of the composites showed an increase in the content of terminal methyl groups, a decrease in the molecular weight, and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the polyethylene matrix with an increase in the W content in the composite. The sample with 70 % W content has the highest effective density (2.61 g/cm3). The sample relative density ranges from 93.3 to 97.7 %. The porosity of LLDPE-W composites does not exceed 7 %. Gamma radiation shielding efficiency parameters such as LAC, HVL, and MFP were calculated using Phy-X/PSD. The radiation source was Co60, with an emission range of 0.8–2.5 MeV. As the gamma energy increases, it is observed that the values of all the parameters deteriorate. However, the sample with a maximum W content of 70 % has the best values of LAC, HVL, and MFP among the other samples.

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of metallic phase content on the obtained properties of hybrid composites from the ceramics-metal system. Six series of samples from three systems (Al2O3-Cu, Al2O3- Cu-Ni and Al2O3-Cu-Cr) with two different contents of metallic phase (2.5 and 10 vol.%) were prepared by uniaxial pressing and pressure-less sintering. The research carried out in this work used the classic idea of material engineering, assuming the optimization of the material’s functional properties by shaping the microstructure in a suitably modified technological process. The possibility of producing composite samples with density exceeding 95%TD was confirmed. There was no significant effect of the composition and the share of the metallic phase on the obtained values. The microstructure observations showed that the addition of the second metallic component had a positive effect on the size of the metallic particles, limiting the formation of metal clusters of significant size visible in the case of Al2O3-Cu samples. Compressive strength tests have shown that the addition of the second component to the metallic phase has a positive effect on the compressive strength of the material.

Owing to its contribution to carbon emission reduction, green energy has received widespread attention. Among green energy sources, solar energy is regarded as the most important. In solar energy production, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been favored owing to their characteristics of simple manufacturing and high efficiency as a third-generation solar cell technology. DSSCs are prospective candidates for powering indoor Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this study, to find a method to enhance DSSCs' efficiency, the advantages and disadvantages of the screen printing method and the mechanical pressing and annealing method were analyzed. Using an improved method, a TiO2 photoanode was processed and annealed, and the DSSCs with the photoanode showed an efficiency increase from 1.10 to 4.78%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF) is a novel additive manufacturing process that was developed to create objects with high wood content and high mechanical strength. Here, thin and individually contoured wood composite panels are created via Binder Jetting and subsequent mechanical pressing. Like in Sheet Lamination, these panels are then laminated onto each other to create a three-dimensional object. With wood contents (more than 85 mass percent) and mechanical properties (more than 30 MPa flexural strength) on par with other engineered wood products like particle boards and plywood, the produced objects are well suited for the construction and furniture industry. To gain a deeper understanding of the process, the influence of processing parameters on the geometric and mechanical properties of the finished objects were investigated. As process parameters the amounts of adhesive and the pressing forces for both panel production and lamination were selected. It was discovered that the interaction between the amount of adhesive and the pressure used to produce the panels is highly relevant for the geometric properties. The three core mechanisms that are responsible for the mechanical properties of produced parts were identified and can be ranked in the following order: 1) the amount of adhesive in the panels binding the particles, 2) the density of the panels, 3) the amount of adhesive for laminating the panels.

Waste plywood containing phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin is one of the materials that are difficult to use in the production of particleboards based on UF resin. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the possibility of using this type of waste in the production of particleboards bonded with melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde (MUPF) resin in order to determine their suitability for particleboard production. The pressing process and density profile of three-layer particleboards were presented. The press closing time for mats containing only recovered particles in the core layer (100%), produced with a face layer ratio of 50%, a resin load for a face layer of 12%, and a core layer of 10%, at a unit pressure of 3 MPa, was 29% shorter than for the industrial particle mats. Regardless of the level of variability of independent factors, the heating time of the mats containing recovered particles was 10–20% shorter than the heating time of the mats with industrial particles. The greatest impact on the maximum density of the face layer of particleboards was observed for the content of the recovered particles and then the resin load. The maximum density area of the face layer was located closer to the surface in particleboards produced with a higher (80%, 100%) content of the recovered particles, a higher (i.e., 12% and 10%, respectively, for face and core layers) resin load, a lower (35%) face layer ratio, and a higher (3 MPa) unit pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world. The utilization of coconut shell waste into briquettes will increase the selling value and become a great export opportunity. However, the effect of adhesives on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes made using screw extruder machine has not been widely studied. This study aims to determine the effect of adhesive type on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes. The process of fabricating briquettes in this study included crushing, mixing, blending, pressing, and drying. In the mixing process, 3 types of adhesives were used, namely tapioca flour (Briquette_1), cassava flour (Briquette_2), and modified cassava flour (Briquette_3) with a concentration of 5% of the weight of coconut shell charcoal powders. The quality of the resulting briquettes and commercial briquettes will be evaluated by moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, density, compressive, and drop test testing. The results of this research showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on the quality of the briquettes produced. Specimen Briquette_1 had better quality than commercial briquettes (Briquette_4) and other briquette specimens. The test results showed that Briquette_1 produced briquettes with better compressive strength and friability than the other specimens, at 6.95 N/mm²and 4.44%, respectively. The moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, and calorific value of Briquette_1 have met the requirements set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 01-6235-2000. Meanwhile, the volatile matter content and density of Briquette_1 are by the standards of Japan and the United States America (USA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that various additives can greatly improve the properties of copper based electrodes. In this paper, the influence of Cr content changes and different pressing and sintering process parameters on mechanical and physical properties was investigated. The results showed that 2 vol.% Cu-Cr powder composite alloys prepared by pressing pressure 450 MPa and sintering temperature of 1100 °C had the optimal mechanical and physical properties, and its density, porosity, hardness and tensile strength were 8,35 g/cm³, 2%, 124 HB and 264 MPa, respectively. In addition, the hardness was increased by 5-7% compared with that of pure copper prepared by conventional casting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a mathematical model was developed that determines the geometric and kinematic parameters of the clay mass pressing process based on the properties of the components that make up the clay mass and their initial maximum compressibility in the pressing of cylindrical ceramic products from clay masses. This mathematical model allows carrying out analytical calculations of the current compressibility, relative porosity, and current density of the clay mass depending on the size of the chamber of matrix of the press mold, the current and final displacement values of the punch and also pre-planning the geometric parameters of the press mold based on the initial properties of the clay mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until Recently, The citizen science approach to knowledge production had been confined to scientific research, applied to a limited range of questions on which scientists and citizens could collaborate and trust each other. More recently, this approach has gained increasing attention from various quarters outside the traditional remit of professionalized science, which include local governments, civil society organizations (CSOs), professional networks, and cooperatives. These entities recognize citizen science as a practical method that harnesses the collective resources of a community to address pressing local concerns and promote a robust participatory democracy. Emerging initiatives include citizen observatories, data cooperatives, and collaboration platforms. Despite the growing popularity, managing citizen science initiatives (involving numerous participants over an extended period of time) poses considerable challenges. Leaders of citizen science initiatives grapple with difficulties that appear formidable to overcome. At present, the democratic potential of citizen science necessitates further development and scrutiny from social and political actors. Critics frequently underscore a disparity between the democratic ideals associated with citizen science and its current practical implementation. This article outlines the primary benefits and challenges associated with the democratization of citizen science. It builds from the empirical research of the ISEED project as well as the theoretical contribution of the Right to the Smart City project and formulates 10 key recommendations to citizen science project leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of wood waste utilization by pressing it into fuel briquettes is considered. It is proposed to use sulfate soap, a multi-tonnage waste of the pulp and paper industry, as an astringent. It is proven that as a result of adding a binder to the raw material, it is possible to carry out the process of forming briquettes with lower pressures, while ensuring the necessary statistical strength of the briquette. An appropriate method of supplying the binder is its preliminary mixing with wood waste. The most suitable concentration of the binder for fuel briquettes amounts to 6%. The use of a binder made it possible to reduce engine power by 40%, as well as increase the density of the obtained fuel briquettes by 10%.

旨在研究原料压榨制油的预处理方式对核桃多肽性质的影响。对核桃仁分别进行未预处理、去衣、焙烤预处理后，进行压榨提油，以提油后的饼为原料，经正己烷脱脂，碱性蛋白酶酶解制备核桃多肽，测定核桃多肽的功能特性和ACE抑制活性。结果表明：与未预处理、焙烤预处理比较，去衣预处理的核桃多肽的持水性(50 ℃，5.11 g/g)、吸油性(50 ℃，3.25 g/g)、乳化性(pH 9.0,6257%)、乳化稳定性(pH 9.0,84.51%)、起泡性(pH 9.0,117.49%)及ACE抑制率（63.04%）最高。综上，以去衣预处理压榨制油后的核桃饼为原料制备的核桃多肽具有良好的功能特性和ACE抑制活性。The aim was to study the effect of pretreatment methods of raw material pressing for oil on the properties of walnut polypeptide. The walnut kernels were untreated, peeled and roasted respectively,then pressed to extract oil.The cake after oil extraction was defatted by n-hexane and hydrolyzed by alkaline protease to produce walnut polypeptide, and the functional properties and ACE inhibitory activity of walnut polypeptide were determined. The results showed that compared with no treatment and roasting pretreatment, walnut polypeptide obtained by peeling of raw material had the highest water holding capacity (50 ℃, 5.11 g/g), oil absorption (50 ℃,3.25 g/g), emulsifying ability (pH 9.0, 62.57%), emulsifying stability (pH 9.0, 84.51%), foaming ability (pH 9.0, 117.49%) and ACE inhibitory rate( 63.04%). In conclusion, the walnut polypeptide prepared from walnut cake after peeling and pressing for oil production had good functional properties and ACE inhibitory activity.

The method of wood waste utilization by pressing it into fuel briquettes is considered. It is proposed to use sulfate soap, a multi-tonnage waste of the pulp and paper industry, as an astringent. It is proven that as a result of adding a binder to the raw material, it is possible to carry out the process of forming briquettes with lower pressures, while ensuring the necessary statistical strength of the briquette. An appropriate method of supplying the binder is its preliminary mixing with wood waste. The most suitable concentration of the binder for fuel briquettes amounts to 6%. The use of a binder made it possible to reduce engine power by 40%, as well as increase the density of the obtained fuel briquettes by 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, phase composition, mechanical and magnetic properties of deformable hard magnetic Fe–30Cr–20Co–2Mo alloy obtained by sintering (1400°C, 240 min) of elemental powder compacts. The effect of quenching (1300°C, water) and stepwise heat treatment on the structure, mechanical properties during compression and magnetic characteristics of the samples is established. In the samples after sintering, a high proportion of the brittle sigma phase is recorded (~47%). The yield strength of such samples under compression is 1330 MPa with a brittle nature of fracture. After quenching, the yield strength decreases to 607 MPa, but the ductility of the samples increases. The increase in the samples ductility after quenching is associated with the fixation of the ferrite phase in the structure with a small amount of chromium oxides. After stepwise heat treatment, the ductility remains close to the ductility of quenched samples, but the yield strength increases to 1190 MPa. The Portevin–Le Chatelier effect is observed on such samples. Structural changes in the alloy during stepwise heat treatment lead to the appearance of technically suitable magnetic properties (residual induction 0.83 T, coercive force 56.4 kA/m, magnetic product 16 kJ/m3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has gained tremendous popularity over recent years, given its enormous potential for strengthening the quality and efficiency of healthcare services on a global scale. However, the deployment of AI in healthcare comes with both benefits and risks for patients, healthcare professionals, and the whole society. Ethical concerns, such as how to prevent AI from perpetuating preexisting health disparities while incorporating its full potential in a traditional medical setting, have been pointed out by many researchers and policymakers ,. As regulatory frameworks and guidelines concerning ethical issues have been published by many organizations, there is a pressing need to present an overview of existing documents to see what has been achieved and what has yet to be emphasized in the field of AI health-related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve enhanced dimensional and geometric accuracy in castings from a broad range of alloys, special processes are typically used, whose improvement, in some cases, aims to eliminate the need for machining operations on the blanks. One such process is experimental investment casting using consumable porous patterns obtained by pressing wax-like powders of model compositions. When forming the surface of such porous patterns, the geometric parameters of the mold cavity of the press die, whose design ensures the directed transfer of load from the pressing elements to the entire volume of the compacted material, are of paramount importance. During the development of the method for obtaining experimental patterns, it was possible to eliminate defects arising due to thermophysical phenomena in materials (mainly due to their internal porosity): shrinkage of the pattern material, formation of cracks within the ceramic mold, and its failure. The observed phenomena that lead to defects occur at various stages of the technological process, including the production of investment patterns and ceramic shell molds, the melting of ceramic model materials, and the casting of the melt into the molds. In addition to the definite advantages of this approach to forming compact structures, a disadvantage should be mentioned: the variation of their geometry due to the elastic return of the compacted material resulting from overconsolidation or uneven loading of compact sections of varying thicknesses. It is possible to achieve controlled loading of a powder body by compacting it under centrifugal forces to obtain compacts of complex configurations, including bodies of revolution. This paper examines the influence of various process parameters, which accompany the action of the centrifugal field, on the characteristics of compacted powder bodies made from wax-like materials used to create pressed investment patterns with improved dimensional and geometric accuracy. The study compares the calculated rotation speed of the press dies, ensuring the compaction of the powder body to a technologically acceptable density while considering its desired geometry, with the experimental results. The paper also identifies scenarios to enhance the energy efficiency of powder body compaction from wax-like composite materials under centrifugal forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of press and adhesive methods for the manufacture of layered vibration-absorbing materials. The influence of manufacturing methods on the physical, mechanical, and damping properties of experimental samples of layered reinforced vibration-absorbing materials has been shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The packing of spherical particles and the granular characteristics of powder batch containing both plastic iron and elastic cast iron are investigated. The inertial shaping of iron parts is analyzed. It is difficult to ensure that the density of the elastoplastic batch varies in proportion to the pressure applied, since compaction of the powder occurs by different mechanisms at different stages of pressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了在提高芝麻油风味的基础上降低生产成本，探究生产工艺各阶段对压榨芝麻油风味的影响。对芝麻油生产过程中的原料水洗、调质、压榨、水化脱胶、过滤等阶段进行研究，采用感官评价和仪器检测相结合的方式对芝麻油的风味进行测定。结果表明：芝麻原料水洗后得到的芝麻油风味物质含量增加30.44%，且风味更加浓郁纯正；在芝麻炒籽、扬烟后进行调质处理，芝麻油风味物质含量比不调质增加34.26%，风味更加浓郁，口感润滑；在芝麻榨油时进行多段压榨，前段压榨芝麻油的风味物质含量比后段压榨芝麻油的增加43.15%，且前段压榨芝麻油风味更加纯正，口感爽滑细腻；自然沉降的芝麻油风味物质含量比水化脱胶芝麻油的增加20.35%；添加0.5%的珍珠岩过滤后，芝麻油风味物质含量降低14.13%，添加0.5%的干饼粉过滤的芝麻油风味物质含量降低7.31%。综上，对芝麻原料进行水洗处理，炒籽、扬烟后进行调质处理，分段压榨取油，对芝麻原油进行低温自然沉降处理，以及减少水化脱胶加水量，尽量不添加或者少添加助滤剂，可显著提高芝麻油的风味。 In order to reduce the production cost on the basis of improving the flavor of sesame oil, the effect of the production process at each stage on the flavor of pressed sesame oil was investigated. The raw material washing, conditioning, pressing, hydration degumming, filtration in the production process of sesame oil were studied, and the flavor of sesame oil was determined by the combination of sensory evaluation and instrument detection. The results showed that the content of flavor substances in sesame oil obtained from washed sesame raw materials increased by 30.44%, and the flavor was more rich and pure. When the sesame was conditioned after frying and smoking, the content of flavor substances in sesame oil increased by 34.26% compared with that without conditioning treatment, and the flavor was more rich and the taste was smooth. When the sesame was pressed in multiple stages, the content of flavor substances in the sesame oil from sesame pressed in the front stage was 43.15% higher than that in the sesame oil from sesame pressed in the rear stage, and the flavor of the sesame oil from sesame pressed in the front stage was more pure, smooth and delicate. The content of flavor substances in sesame oil degummed by natural sedimentation was 20.35% higher than that of sesame oil degummed by hydration degumming. After filtration with 05% perlite, the content of flavor substances in sesame oil decreased by 14.13%, and that of sesame oil filtered with 0.5% dry cake powder decreased by 7.31%. In conclusion, the flavor of sesame oil can be significantly improved by washing sesame, conditioning treatment after frying and smoking, extraction of oil by sectional pressing, natural sedimentation of crude sesame oil at low temperature, reducing the dosage of water for hydration degumming, without or with minimal addition of filter aid.

Investigated were the influence of drying and pressing parameters of rapeseed, sunflower, and safflower seeds on oil yield, as well as antioxidant addition on the oxidative stability of cold pressed oils. The parameters of the oilseeds and cold pressed oils quality (moisture content, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acids, and insoluble impurities content) were determined using standard methods. In terms of oxidative stability, rosemary, green tea, and pomegranate extracts were used as natural antioxidants, and propyl gallate was used as synthetic antioxidant. The results showed that the moisture content of the oilseeds, as well as nozzle size and electromotor frequency of the press had an effect on the yield of cold pressed oil. By reducing the nozzle size and electromotor frequency, the volume of produced cold pressed oil increased. Rosemary extract effectively increased the oxidative stability of sunflower and safflower oils, and green tea extract increased the stability of rapeseed oil. Greater stabilisation of the tested oils was achieved with the addition of 0.4% of natural antioxidants compared to the addition of 0.2 %. The synthetic antioxidant, propyl gallate, failed to stabilise safflower oil, and unlike the natural antioxidants, it was less protective for rapeseed and sunflower oil.

The Copoazú is a Theobroma species of Amazonian origin, and its derived products have a high content of lipids valuable for both the cosmetic and food industries. The composition of the butter extracted from its seeds can vary depending on the postharvest process and the diverse extraction techniques employed. In this study, the composition of this butter processed with and without seed fermentation was analyzed using two extraction techniques: expeller pressing and hydraulic pressing. Parameters such as lipid profile, quality indexes, melting point, and the content of phytosterols and glyceric compounds were compared with a highly sought-after commercial raw material assessed through standardized volumetric and spectroscopic methodologies. The results showed that non-fermentation and cold-pressing conditions preserved the properties of the butter. This analysis is the first step in a standardized process for developing high-quality cosmetic ingredients derived from Copoazú butter.

This article discusses the quality indicators of pasta products obtained by partially replacing wheat grits of the highest grade with millet ground 3.8% (of the total mass of the dough, taking into account water). The addition of millet is due to the fact that the raw materials are saturated with various vitamins. As part of the study, organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters (28% humidity) after the procedure of «pressing raw materials» were considered and the indicator of shape preservation after the «cooking» process was determined. The results obtained in terms of quality indicators meet the requirements established in the standardization documents, at the same time, the nutritional properties of the product are improved, the energy value is 337.8 kcal (proteins 10.5 g, fats 1.1 g, carbohydrates 71.4 g per 100 g of pasta), the replacement of wheat flour of the highest grade with more economic raw materials is carried out. Quality indicators are determined in accordance with TR CU 021/2011 «On food safety», TR CU 022/2011 «Food products in terms of their labeling», TR CU 029/2012 «Safety requirements for food additives, flavorings and technological aids», regulatory and technical documents GOST 31743-2017 «Pasta. General technical conditions», GOST 31964-2012 «Pasta. Acceptance rules and methods for determining quality», GOST 572-2016 «Millet millet. Technical conditions». The enrichment of pasta with millet improves the biological, nutritional properties of the product. At the same time, the use of millet as a raw material reduces the cooking time of pasta, the form after cooking will meet the established requirements.

The main reason for these researches is to solve the problem of intensification of the alloying process by electric sparks by increasing the energy of the electric pulses. In relation to this, the purpose and object of the research is the need to assume a new concept of organizing the alloying process in order to intensify the strengthening of metal surfaces, excluding the negative effects. Among the electrophysical methods of layer formation, a special place is occupied by alloying by electric sparks of metal surfaces, considering the multitude of its characteristic advantages, which are the following: high adhesion of the deposited coatings, the possibility of depositing coatings of any conductive materials, the simplicity of the process and the low consumption of energy for its implementation. The main results are that after the heating in the electrolyte, the cooling takes place in the air, then in the superficial layers of the samples treated in this way residual tensile stresses act. In conclusion, it is important to mention that through the combined processing the properties of the superficial layers and the exploitation characteristics can be controlled.

The development's objective is to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption in the execution of the technological process of expanded feed preparation while ensuring the necessary quality and safety of the expandates. The rationale for the construction and technological scheme of the feed expander with an improved shaping nozzle has been provided. This nozzle differs in that it consists of a narrowed area of the cylinder, a concave cone, and a crown nut. When heated plasticized mass is moved into the narrowed area of the shaping nozzle, there is an increase in pressure, followed by a sharp decrease after it passes through. This is achieved by increasing the working volume due to the shape of the concave cone. As a result, the plasticized mass expands and exits through the crown nut, forming expandates. Through numerical modelling, the dynamics and distribution of feed mixture components in the cavity between the cylinder of the shaping nozzle and the cone have been determined based on the force of pressure and the force of contact interaction between feed components. This dependence on the radius of narrowing of the cylinder of the shaping nozzle, the radius of the concave cone, and the distance between the cone and the cylinder have been established. Regression equations for the density of the plasticized feed mixture components at the outlet of the shaping nozzle and the maximum pressure required to extrude the plasticized feed components through the shaping nozzle along their movement direction from the specified research factors have been derived. As a result of experimental studies of the compact feed expander, dependencies of the changes in expander productivity, power consumption, specific energy consumption of the expansion process, and the density of obtained expandates have been established with respect to the moisture content of the compound feed, the gap between the cone and the nut, and the screw rotation speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigated were the influence of drying and pressing parameters of rapeseed, sunflower, and safflower seeds on oil yield, as well as antioxidant addition on the oxidative stability of cold pressed oils. The parameters of the oilseeds and cold pressed oils quality (moisture content, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acids, and insoluble impurities content) were determined using standard methods. In terms of oxidative stability, rosemary, green tea, and pomegranate extracts were used as natural antioxidants, and propyl gallate was used as synthetic antioxidant. The results showed that the moisture content of the oilseeds, as well as nozzle size and electromotor frequency of the press had an effect on the yield of cold pressed oil. By reducing the nozzle size and electromotor frequency, the volume of produced cold pressed oil increased. Rosemary extract effectively increased the oxidative stability of sunflower and safflower oils, and green tea extract increased the stability of rapeseed oil. Greater stabilisation of the tested oils was achieved with the addition of 0.4 % of natural antioxidants compared to the addition of 0.2 %. The synthetic antioxidant, propyl gallate, failed to stabilise safflower oil, and unlike the natural antioxidants, it was less protective for rapeseed and sunflower oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of pressings from alloy 1960 in state T1 are determined at 20, 55, 60 and 65°C. Samples of pressings from alloy 1960 in state T1 are tested for creep resistance for up to 5000 h at 55, 60 and 65°C at a stress of 295, 390 and 440 MPa. The creep rate and the deformation of the samples are determined. It is shown that increase of the temperature to 65°C in the tensile tests lowers the strength characteristics of the pressings by 20 – 40 MPa. Increase of the temperature and of the stress in the creep tests elevates the creep rate of the pressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavlov conditioning theory can explain part of biological behavior accurately, and has a profound influence on the development of behavioral psychology. Reinforcement, extinction, generalization and differentiation are the four basic principles of conditional reflex. Among them, reinforcement and extinction respectively correspond to learning and forgetting in Pavlov associative memory, and have been widely discussed. However, there are few studies on generalization and differentiation, and the circuits designed in the past cannot precisely reflect the experimental phenomenon. In this article, a generalization and differentiation circuit based on neural mechanisms is designed using memristors. This circuit improves on the previous generalization and differentiation circuits, so that it can distinguish similar but different tactile stimulus, and regularly generate different outputs according to the degree of similarity. The difference in the output corresponds to the variation in saliva secretion in response to different tactile stimuli in the biological system. At the same time, the number of tactile stimuli is increased, which helps to improve the resolution of the circuit to distinguish similar stimuli. In addition, this article considers the connections of neurons from the perspective of neural mechanisms, which makes the circuit structure more conform to biological properties. Finally, the above-mentioned functions have been verified in PSPICE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presents a theoretical analysis of the process of one-sided pressing, under conditions of constant speed on the press plunger and taking into account external friction, of powder composite polymer materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with small additives (less than 5%), such as silicon dioxide SiO2, kaolinite Al4[Si4O10](OH)8, carbon nanotubes, and carbon fiber. The influence on the process of compaction of materials of the speed of the press plunger, the coefficient of external friction, and the composition of the pressed material (depending on its additives) is analyzed. Based on a system of initial equations using Lagrangian variables and averaging over the radius, numerical calculations are carried out of the time dependence of the voltage on the plunger of the press for various values of the friction coefficient, geometric dimensions of the sample, and speeds of the press plunger. New visual representations are provided of the kinetics of compaction of powder materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene under constant speed of the press plunger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of pressure on the ball on physiological responses and time-motion characteristics during football smallsided games between elite youth male players. Methods: 56 elite male youth football players (age: 15.43 ± 0.52 years) performed a 2+GK vs. 2+GK game on a 30 m× 15mpitch area with two playing conditions: 1) free play (FP), the player has no limitation to play; 2) pressure on the ball (PB), the player has directly and aggressively closed down space (located within 1.5 m) between themselves and the opposition player with the ball and can compete for possession. The percentage of time spent in different maximum heart rate (HRmax) zones, mean heart rate, blood lactate acid concentration, total distance covered, distance covered in three speed zones (sprint, high speed, and moderate speed), number of high speed runs, number of sprint runs, top speed, number of direction changes, and ball recovery time were monitored. Results: We found very significantly higher number of high speed runs (p < 0.001; ES = 1.154), number of direction changes (p < 0.001; ES = 2.347), ball recovery time (p < 0.001; ES = 3.529), percentage of time spent in 90%–100% HRmax (p < 0.001; ES = 3.033), mean heart rate (p < 0.001; ES = 1.940), blood lactate acid concentration (p < 0.001; ES = 2.245) and significantly higher high speed running distance covered (p = 0.004; ES = 0.520) in the PB condition. Conversely, the FP condition showed very significantly higher moderate speed running distance covered (p < 0.001; ES = 1.814) and significantly higher percentage of time spent in 80%–90% HRmax (p = 0.012; ES = 0.440). No significant differences were revealed on sprint running distance covered (p = 0.407; ES = 0.140), number of sprint runs (p = 0.103; ES = 0.279), top speed (p = 0.130; ES = 0.258) and percentage of time spent in 60%–70% HRmax (p = 0.106; ES = 0.276), 70%–80% HRmax (p = 0.358; ES = 0.155). Discussion: We found that pressure on the ball had a substantial impact on the intensity of training, as evidenced by a significantly increased high speed running performance, number of directional changes, percentage of time spent at 90%– 100% of maximum heart rate, mean heart rate, and blood lactate acid concentration. Additionally, ball recovery time decreased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of the manager of an educational extracurricular institution in the development and adoption of management decisions in modern Ukrainian realities, offers project author's practical recommendations in this regard, taking into account the historically similar experience of the Makarenko traditions, and this study recommends it as extremely relevant. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the further development of the concept of "extreme uncertainty (war) - to a more relevant concept and, accordingly, the proposal of a new term in management, namely: "hard uncertainty" - for working conditions during a large-scale terrorist war against the background of the covid-19 pandemic, that are currently taking place simultaneously on the territory of Ukraine. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibilities of using conclusions and recommendations in extracurricular educational institutions of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In porous ceramics processing, the green body shaping technique largely determines the control of the final porous structure and material properties. The study is aimed at finding affordable approaches for the shaping of two different narrow-fraction fillers: F240 electro-corundum and hollow alumina microspheres. The results revealed the influence of accessible shaping techniques (semi-dry pressing, direct casting, and slip casting) on the structural and mechanical properties of porous alumina ceramics. The starting materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and BET. The manufactured ceramics were studied in terms of microstructure, density, porosity, and flexural strength. Free stacking of the fillers’ particles during the direct and slip casting resulted in a higher porosity of ceramics compared with that of semi-dry pressing, while reducing its mechanical strength. Direct casting appeared preferable for ceramics with hollow microspheres because it maintained the integrity of the filler particles and preserved their inherent porosity in the ceramics. The optimal parameters for porous ceramics processing were determined as follows: pressing at 30 MPa and sintering at 1280–1320 °C with a bentonite content of 15 wt.%. In this case, the average density and open porosity of F240 samples reached 2.22 g cm−3 and 40.4%, while samples containing hollow microspheres reached 2.20 g cm−3 and 36.7%, respectively.

This article discusses the qualitative indicators of pasta products obtained by partially replacing high-quality wheat powder with flaxseed cake. This is due to the fact that flaxseed cake has a high energy value, is rich in essential protein, macro-, microelements and vitamins, fats remaining in flaxseed cake after fat extraction have all useful properties, contain alpha-linolenic (omega-3) fatty acid, as well as other unsaturated fatty acids. After the procedure of "pressing" of raw materials, organoleptic and Physico-chemical parameters were considered, the indicator of shape preservation after the "cooking" process was determined. Quality indicators of GOST 31743-2017 "Pasta. General technical conditions", GOST 31964-2012 "Pasta. Acceptance rules and methods for determining quality", GOST 10974-95 "Flax cake. Technical conditions" are defined in accordance with regulatory and technical documents. The enrichment of pasta with flax cake improves the biological, nutritional properties of the product and allows you to replace high-quality wheat flour with economic raw materials. The results of the study obtained by quality indicators meet the established requirements. The moisture content of pasta when replacing premium wheat powder by 3.8%, 7.7% and 15.5% with flax cake is 28% (after the procedure of "pressing raw materials"). The use of flax cake as a raw material reduces the cooking time of pasta, ensures that the mold after cooking will meet the requirements and will not stick together.

Waste plywood containing phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin is one of the materials that are difficult to use in the production of particleboards based on UF resin. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the possibility of using this type of waste in the production of particleboards bonded with melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde (MUPF) resin in order to determine their suitability for particleboard production. The pressing process and density profile of three-layer particleboards were presented. The press closing time for mats containing only recovered particles in the core layer (100%), produced with a face layer ratio of 50%, a resin load for a face layer of 12%, and a core layer of 10%, at a unit pressure of 3 MPa, was 29% shorter than for the industrial particle mats. Regardless of the level of variability of independent factors, the heating time of the mats containing recovered particles was 10–20% shorter than the heating time of the mats with industrial particles. The greatest impact on the maximum density of the face layer of particleboards was observed for the content of the recovered particles and then the resin load. The maximum density area of the face layer was located closer to the surface in particleboards produced with a higher (80%, 100%) content of the recovered particles, a higher (i.e., 12% and 10%, respectively, for face and core layers) resin load, a lower (35%) face layer ratio, and a higher (3 MPa) unit pressure.

We studied the shear bond strength (SBS) of two PEEK composites (BioHPP, BioHPP plus) with three veneering composites: Visio.lign, SR Nexco and VITA VM LC, depending on the surface treatment: untreated, sandblasted with 110 μm Al2O3, sandblasted and cleaned ultrasonically in 80% ethanol, with or without adhesive Visio.link, with applied Visio.link and MKZ primer. For the BioHPP plus, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a slightly lower glass transition temperature (Tg 150.4 ± 0.4 °C) and higher melting temperature (Tm 339.4 ± 0.6 °C) than those of BioHPP (Tg 151.3 ± 1.3 °C, Tm 338.7 ± 0.2 °C). The dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a slightly higher storage modulus of BioHPP (E' 4.258 ± 0.093 GPa) than of BioHPP plus (E′ 4.193 ± 0.09 GPa). The roughness was the highest for the untreated BioHPP plus, and the lowest for the polished BioHPP. The highest hydrophobicity was achieved on the sandblasted BioHPP plus, whereas the highest hydrophilicity was found on the untreated BioHPP. The highest SBSs were determined for BioHPP and Visio.lign, adhesive Visio.link (26.31 ± 4.17 MPa) or MKZ primer (25.59 ± 3.17 MPa), with VITA VM LC, MKZ primer and Visio.link (25.51 ± 1.94 MPa), and ultrasonically cleaned, with Visio.link (26.28 ± 2.94 MPa). For BioHPP plus, the highest SBS was determined for a sandblasted surface, cleaned ultrasonically, with the SR Nexco and Visio.link (23.39 ± 2.80 MPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article overviews the current state of research on the intensification of obtaining fixed through the use of ultrasonic vibrations. The work is divided into two parts according to the principle of ultrasonic action. In the first part, fixed joints are considered, obtained as a result of ultrasonic action on a connecting material in a liquid state: welded, soldered and glued joints. The second part is devoted to joints for which ultrasonic solid-state processing is carried out: riveting, pressing and products obtained using additive technologies, replacing the process of assembling a joint from several parts by layer-by-layer synthesizing of the assembly as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article overviews the current state of research on the intensification of obtaining fixed through the use of ultrasonic vibrations. The work is divided into two parts according to the principle of ultrasonic action. In the first part, fixed joints are considered, obtained as a result of ultrasonic action on a connecting material in a liquid state: welded, soldered and glued joints. The second part is devoted to joints for which ultrasonic solid-state processing is carried out: riveting, pressing and products obtained using additive technologies, replacing the process of assembling a joint from several parts by layer-by-layer synthesizing of the assembly as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, high-pressure laminates (HPL) impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins enriched with kraft lignin were developed. Pulverised kraft lignin was added to the commercial PF resin in the amounts of 1% and 5% (solid to solid). Laminates were manufactured using pressure impregnation of the resins into the papers and using hot pressing of HPL in a laboratory press. Laminates with a lignin content of 1% (L-LPF-1) showed the highest bending strength (72.42 MPa) and Brinell hardness (9.41); they also exhibited the best moisture uptake (9.61) and thickness swelling after immersion in water (3.32%). Except for impact bending, laminates with a lignin content of 5% (L-LPF-5) had worse properties. However, the differences between the variants are mostly not statistically significant and are comparable with the results of commercial PF resin. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the homogenous structure of produced laminates and the occurrence of cohesive failures in ruptured L-LPF-1 laminates, whereas in ruptured L-LPF-5 laminates adhesive failures were also observed. Based on the conducted research it can be said that the utilisation of kraft lignin as an additive to PF resin (in the amount of 1%) has a positive effect on the produced HPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]