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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen: Las vacunas son productos biológicos sintéticos diseñados para la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas. Después del agua potable, son la medida de salud pública más eficaz en reducir la mortalidad y las secuelas provocadas por las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. En Chile, nos acompañan a lo largo del ciclo vital a través del Programa Nacional de Inmunización (PNI), creado en 1979 y constantemente sometido a modificaciones y avances para asegurar el acceso seguro y gratuito de la población general a vacunas.Paralelamente, existen grupos de personas portadoras de ciertas condiciones clínicas que favorecen la adquisición y/o gravedad en la presentación de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Estas poblaciones especiales se encuentran en ascenso. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta revisión es entregar las directrices actuales que guían la inmunización de estos grupos particulares de pacientes. Abstract: Vaccines are synthetic biological products designed for the prevention of infectious diseases. After potable drinking water, they are the most effective public health measure in reducing mortality and other consequences caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. In Chile, they accompany us throughout our life cycle through the National Immunization Program (PNI), created in 1979 and constantly undergoing change and improvements in order to ensure safe and free access to vaccines to the general population. There are certain clinical conditions, however, that exacerbate the acquisition and/or severity of vaccine-preventable diseases. These special populations are on the rise. In this context, the objective of this review is to provide current guidelines for the immunization of these particular groups of patients.

Objetivo: Identificar intervenciones preventivas de la conducta suicida en estudiantes adolescentes y jóvenes, diferentes al modelo de guardianes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática con búsqueda en 11 bases de datos, sobre intervenciones preventivas de la ideación e intento de suicidio en entornos educativos. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación de calidad metodológica de los artículos y valoración de sesgos, a través de Cochrane rct risk of bias tool RoB1 para ensayos clínicos, trend para cuasiexperimentos y Ciapponi para ensayos observacionales; se efectuó una síntesis cualitativa. Resultados: De 31 636 artículos inicialmente encontrados, se incluyeron 26. Todas las intervenciones fueron educativas, de tres tipos: presenciales, virtuales y las que combinaban las dos modalidades. Estas estaban dirigidas a aumentar el conocimiento y mejorar las actitudes sobre el suicidio, y facilitar la búsqueda de ayuda; combinaban la educación teórica y práctica, y la intervención directa a sujetos con alto riesgo. Todas fueron realizadas en la escuela o universidad. Con respecto a la valoración de sesgos, solo un estudio tuvo baja calidad. Todos los estudios reportaron resultados positivos en el aumento del conocimiento sobre el suicidio, mejoramiento de las actitudes hacia los pares suicidas, reducción de la ideación e intento de suicidio, aumento de la búsqueda de ayuda y uso de los servicios de apoyo disponibles en el entorno educativo. Conclusión: Existe variedad de intervenciones para prevenir la conducta suicida, algunas basadas en modelos teóricos, otras no. Se requiere profundizar en el estudio de estos programas, para orientar su implementación en otros contextos y la toma de decisiones en salud pública

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Osteomyoarticular lesions among young people that render services for the defense are related to risk factors. The use of preventive models bases its approach on the identification of risk and development of actions for its prevention. Consent methods are used for their validation and participative models, interpretative and constructivist valuations on their processes back the evaluation of its impact. Objective: To evaluate the relevance of the preventive model for identifying the risk of osteomyoarticular lesions in young adults of an armed institution. Methods: An investigation was carried out on January 2024, which included 16 experts and 125 young adults from Santiago de Cuba province. For the model validation the experts' criteria method was used and for the evaluation of impact, the Guba and Lincoln Fourth Generation Model. Results: With similar percentage values and differences in the cut points, in both rounds, the consent got into groups in the categories of quite appropriate (25.0 %) and very appropriate (75.0 %). The result was interpreted as significant and the validation was concluded. The evaluation of impact in the preventive actions reached strong agreement (Me=8; IC 7-9) and appropriate degree of recommendation with value higher than 70.0 % of consent among assessors. Conclusions: The relevance of the model is demonstrated in the consent that reflects the capacity to guarantee precision when measuring the prospective results and the impact that projects an appropriate degree of recommendation on the proposed actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: malnutrition due to excess is a serious public health problem currently affecting 53 % of children and adolescents in Chile. The early identification of associated factors is key in prevention and necessary to guide interventions from early stages of life. Objective: to identify factors associated with the development of malnutrition due to excess in three-year-old children under control at Ancora Family Health. Methods: a case-control study was carried out in three Ancora Family Health Centers located in the communes of La Pintana and Puente Alto; it included 133 children and their mothers. Factors dependent on the child and the mother were analyzed and their importance in the development of malnutrition due to excess was determined. Results: logistic regression showed maternal smoking during pregnancy as a risk factor (OR = 4.065, 95 % CI: 1.119-14.770, p = 0.033) and as protective factors birth weight < 4,000 g (OR = 0.112, 95 % CI: 0.026-0.483, p = 0.003) and weight gain during the first year of life < 6.4 kg in women and < 6.9 kg in men (OR = 0.060, 95 % CI: 0.017-0.210, p = 0.000). Conclusions: the most important risk factor was maternal smoking and the protective factors were birth weight and weight gain in the first year. Health programs and public policies should focus on modifiable factors such as smoking during pregnancy and adequate weight gain in the first year of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rising prevalence of diabetes among older adults is an increasing concern in the United States and is expected to nearly triple within the next 40 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the utilization of Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs) is associated with changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes among older adults Medicare beneficiaries. We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study to compare the T2D outcomes between those who attended AWVs and those who did not from 2017 to 2019. The criteria used for this study include having at least two readings (hemoglobin A1c [A1c] levels, glucose levels, and the number of T2D medications), and for the AWV cohort, the AWVs had to occur between those readings. A total of 508 (2%) Medicare beneficiaries fit our selection criteria. Only 154 (30%) of these patients with T2D participated in AWVs. At baseline, the AWV cohort had lower A1c levels and fewer comorbidities than the non‐AWV cohort. No other statistically significant findings were found. These findings indicate that providers did not utilize AWVs on the more complicated patients, who may need it the most. Key points: We investigated whether the utilization of Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs) is associated with changes in diabetes outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes among older adults Medicare beneficiaries.We found that individuals with more complicated diabetes are receiving fewer AWVs than those with less complicated diabetes. These more complicated diabetes individuals may benefit the most from preventive care because a resulting AWV care plan may provide an opportunity to outline changes in diabetes medications and education leading to fewer diabetes‐related complications.Future study is needed to determine strategies that increase the number of people with complicated diabetes receiving AWVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteomyoarticular lesions among young people that render services for the defense are related to risk factors. The use of preventive models bases its approach on the identification of risk and development of actions for its prevention. Consent methods are used for their validation and participative models, interpretative and constructivist valuations on their processes back the evaluation of its impact. Objective: To evaluate the relevance of the preventive model for identifying the risk of osteomyoarticular lesions in young adults of an armed institution. Methods: An investigation was carried out on January 2024, which included 16 experts and 125 young adults from Santiago de Cuba province. For the model validation the experts' criteria method was used and for the evaluation of impact, the Guba and Lincoln Fourth Generation Model. Results: With similar percentage values and differences in the cut points, in both rounds, the consent got into groups in the categories of quite appropriate (25.0 %) and very appropriate (75.0 %). The result was interpreted as significant and the validation was concluded. The evaluation of impact in the preventive actions reached strong agreement (Me=8; IC 7-9) and appropriate degree of recommendation with value higher than 70.0 % of consent among assessors. Conclusions: The relevance of the model is demonstrated in the consent that reflects the capacity to guarantee precision when measuring the prospective results and the impact that projects an appropriate degree of recommendation on the proposed actions.

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la depresión y la violencia intrafamiliar en gestantes atendidas en un centro de salud peruano durante el 2022. Material y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, analítico transversal. Se seleccionó un total de 180 gestantes adultas que acuden al Centro de Salud Nocheto, Lima (Perú). La violencia intrafamiliar se evaluó mediante el cuestionario estándar del Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables y la depresión mediante el Inventario de depresión de Beck. El estudio cuenta con la aprobación del comité de ética de la universidad y el permiso de la jefatura del establecimiento de salud. Resultados: El 36.11% [IC95%: 29.39-43.43] de las gestantes presentó depresión, siendo 1.11% severa; así mismo, el 41.67% [IC95%: 36.64-49.05] refirió haber presentado violencia intrafamiliar. Se identificó que el presentar violencia intrafamiliar incrementa la probabilidad de presentar depresión durante el embarazo (RPa: 9.89; p

Las residencias de mayores (RM) aunque conceptualmente deben parecerse lo más posible a un hogar, tienen incuestionablemente semejanzas con un nosocomio ya que son lugares donde se acumulan muchos pacientes con enfermedades de base y comorbilidades en las que la trasmisión de microorganismos entre residentes y entre residentes y cuidadores es frecuente. No hemos encontrado recomendaciones específicamente destinadas a la prevención de las infecciones nosocomiales en las RM por parte de las grandes agencias de Salud Pública y por ello, la Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud ha convocado a una serie de expertos y a 14 sociedades científicas españolas a discutir unas recomendaciones que pudieran orientar al personal de las RM a establecer programas escritos para el control y disminución de dichas infecciones. El presente documento es el resultado de dichas deliberaciones y contiene sugerencias para establecer dichos programas de control con carácter voluntario y flexible en las RM. Pretendemos también que el documento pueda ayudar a las autoridades sanitarias a incentivar esta actividad de control en las distintas áreas territoriales de España. A nuestro juicio es necesaria la elaboración de un plan escrito y el establecimiento de la figura de un coordinador o responsable para poner en marcha estos proyectos. El documento incluye medidas a implementar y formas de cuantificar la realidad de distintos problemas y de seguir el impacto de las medidas establecidas.

Objective: To evaluate the association between a history of comorbidities and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to prevent COVID-19 in Lambayeque, Peru. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study that used information from the database of the Red Prestacional Lambayeque of the Social Security of Health. The outcome variable was the self-report of having consumed and/or used some type of MAC during the pandemic to prevent COVID-19. The main independent variable was the self-reported history of having any comorbidity. Sociodemographic and clinical confounding variables were included. To assess the association of interest, crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust variances. Results: A total of 243 participants with a history of COVID-19 were surveyed. Most were male (54.7%), and the median age was 29 [25-59] years. 29.2% used CAM to prevent COVID-19. In the adjusted model, a history of comorbidity increased the probability of CAM use (PR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.28; p: 0.028). Conclusions: A history of comorbidity was associated with a higher probability of CAM consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affected 537 million of adults (20-79 years old in 2021, with an increasing trend, highlighting the younger age of onset. Family cases are frequent, they increase the risk of developing the pathology in healthy people in whom intervention is feasible to minimize risks. Genealogy is a tool to determine genetic susceptibility and other variables that contribute to determining the level of risk. Aim. To analyze the behavior of T2D in extended multigenerational families from a community in Yucatán. Material and methods. Conducted interviews were made to identify those affected with T2D in the community of Sisal, Yucatán. Genealogies were constructed and the number of affected individuals, their distribution by sex, parental branch of transmission, degree of kinship, and age of diagnosis were analyzed. Risk stratification of healthy people for developing T2D was made with ancestry information. Results. Twenty four extended families were found, 769 individuals with a similar proportion of men/women, in 3-5 generations and 3-25 affected with T2D (32.4%). Women predominated in number of affected (61.3% deceased, 58% alive), high number with early onset age (<45 years, 48.9%) and having affected parent (75%). Both parents affected represented 20.8%. Maternal descent prevailed (70.8%) among those affected. 71.6% of healthy people presented a high risk of developing T2D. Conclusion. The genealogies made it possible to identify the predominance of women among the risk factors and the maternal branch among those affected, as well as high risk for T2DM among healthy people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary health care is a strategy that involves the different health professionals and other agents in the system who can influence the social determinants that affect human wellbeing. Objective: To know the meanings about primary health care of nursing professionals practicing in this field in a municipality of Colombia. Materials and Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study. The research was conducted in a State Social Company (ESE for its acronym in Spanish) that provides primary health care services. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 13 professionals. IRaMuTeQ software was used to help data interpretation. Results: 'Nurse' was the most frequent word. The content analyzed was categorized into four classes: 'Meanings about primary health care', 'nursing activities in primary health care', 'barriers encountered in primary health care', 'primary health care organization and work team'. Conclusions: Primary health care meaning is understood as the entry point of users into the health system and the one responsible for coordinating their passage through other points of the healthcare network according to users' health needs. In addition, primary health care is understood as the level of care at which essential health actions focused on the early detection of health risks and complications are carried out, so that health interventions can be planned, implemented, and evaluated on that basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria is the property of LUA Ediciones 3.0 S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es el tipo más común y representa más del 90% del conglomerado de todos los diabéticos a nivel mundial. Por tanto, se busca intervenir de forma precoz el ciclo de salud- enfermedad que conlleva a esta patología. Se ha podido establecer la prediabetes como una etapa previa al desarrollo de diabetes y en consecuencia es importante retrasar o evitar esta progresión, que puede ocurrir hasta en el 10% de los pacientes. Es de suma importancia la intervención primaria de las etapas prediabéticas. Este tratamiento deberá ser basado en un programa intensivo de cambios de hábitos de vida como la base del manejo. Adicionalmente, se han estudiado fármacos los cuales se individualizan según el objetivo de tratamiento. Entre los cuales están la metformina, con evidencia en grupos poblacionales especiales, los análogos de GLP1 y los ISGLT2. Pero para estos últimos grupos aun la evidencia es insuficiente.

Foundation: testicular cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in young men and early detection through testicular self-examination is essential. Objective: to evaluate the level of knowledge in young men about testicular cancer. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out. A questionnaire in printed or electronic format was administered anonymously to a sample of 296 male students from various faculties of the Regional Autonomous University of the Andes who were studying in the period 2021-2022. A Chi-square test was used to compare proportions in different subgroups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Data analysis was performed using Statistica software version 13.3. Results: most students showed a lack of prior interest in testicular cancer and had little knowledge about its age of onset, risk factors, and symptoms. Medical students demonstrated greater knowledge on the topic compared to other disciplines. 91 % of male students did not receive information about the risk and importance of testicular self-examination from their doctors. 72 % of students did not seek independent information about testicular cancer. Only 29 % of the students occasionally performed testicular self-examination. Conclusions: young men have poor knowledge about the symptoms of testicular cancer, they have a low frequency of performing testicular self-examination and their doctors do not provide them with information about its importance. It is crucial to disseminate information about testicular cancer among young men, including the topic in high school and university classes, and promoting the regular practice of testicular self-examination.

Introducción: El papel que cumple enfermería en su rol de educador y con mayor énfasis en la prevención y control de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, son clave para lograr intervenciones que aborden el riesgo genético, ambiental y conductual por ser factores que contribuyen en el desarrollo y progresión. Objetivo: Describir el rol de los profesionales de enfermería en intervenciones de prevención primaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en población adulta. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura incluyendo 4 etapas: búsqueda y selección, recopilación y evaluación, criterios de elegibilidad y síntesis. La búsqueda fue en PubMed, Scielo y Lilacs. Los criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados del 2011 al 2021, investigación primaria, ensayos clínicos, ensayo controlado aleatorizado, intervenciones dirigidas por enfermeras, se excluyeron guías de práctica, protocolos, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, 64 artículos fueron seleccionados y siete cumplieron con los criterios. Resultados: Se identificó que los profesionales de enfermería fueron los principales miembros de la atención cardiovascular y desempeñaron un papel clave en la promoción del estilo de vida saludable y en la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular. Surgieron 3 categorías, las intervenciones enfocadas al estilo de vida, la educación y al autocuidado, que incluyeron promoción de hábitos, promoción y prevención, disminución de variables antropométricas, clínicas y bioquímicas, solo una intervención se guió por una teoría de enfermería. Conclusiones: Los roles de los profesionales de enfermería dentro de las intervenciones de primer nivel de atención, hacen evidente que la salud cardiovascular mejora significativamente desde los diferentes enfoques: Estilo de vida, educación y de autocuidado.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia and is related to significant morbidity, mortality and costs. In spite of relevant advances in the prevention of embolic events and rhythm control, little has been done to reduce its prevalence, progression and impact since it increases with aging as well as with common risk factors such as alcohol intake, tobacco use and stress as well as with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, sleep apnea, kidney failure, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, ischemic heart disease and stroke, among other important comorbidities. Fortunately, new evidence suggests that lifestyle modifications and adequate risk factors and comorbidities control could be effective in primary and secondary AF prevention, especially in its paroxysmal forms. This is why a multidisciplinary approach integrating lifestyle modifications, risk factors and comorbidities control is necessary for conjunction with rhythm or rate control and anticoagulation. Unfortunately, that holistic approach strategy is not considered, is scarcely studied or is subtilized in general clinical practice. The present statement's objectives are to: a) Review the relationship between habits, risk factors and illnesses with AF, b) Review the individual and common physiopathology mechanisms of each one of those conditions that may lead to AF, c) Review the effect of control of habits, risk factors and co-morbidities on the control and impact of AF, d) Supply guidelines and recommendations to start multidisciplinary and integrative AF treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are increasingly appearing at younger ages. Risk factors are present in adolescents, who imitate adults and acquire unfavorable habits. Objective: to design an action plan for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adolescents belonging to the Family Doctor's Office 16-21 of the "Santa Clara" Polyclinic. Methods: a research was conducted in health system and service, applied, with qualiquantitative approach, with 60 adolescents from the 16-21 Clinic during the period from April 2019 to July 2021. A nominal group of specialists was used, working with the ranking method of the Pan American Health Organization to identify priorities and the fishbone diagram for causal analysis. Results: female sex and late adolescence predominated in the study and most of the adolescents were exposed to two risk factors. Inadequate nutrition was identified as the main risk factor (score=11) and in the causal analysis the diet high in salt, fats and sugars and the low consumption of fruits and vegetables and weak family food education, irregularity in complying with medical guidelines and insufficient work of the Basic Team in the community. Conclusions: adolescents need health education to avoid the development of cardiovascular disease; the Basic Health Group and the family physician and nurse should be consistent when designing actions at the primary level of prevention in Primary Healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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RESUMEN Introducción: La retinopatía diabética puede prevenirse con el óptimo control de la diabetes mellitus; sin embargo, la constante llegada de pacientes con diagnóstico de retinopatía diabética avanzada a los centros oftalmológicos apunta a la insuficiente prevención primaria de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Proponer herramientas prácticas vinculadas a los principales factores de riesgo que pueden ser controlados o modificados en pacientes diabéticos para lograr una prevención primaria de la retinopatía diabética más efectiva. Métodos: Se consultaron artículos referentes a la prevención de la retinopatía diabética en la atención primaria de salud durante los meses de noviembre-diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021; publicados en diversas revistas e indexados en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Medscape; otros textos afines, páginas web y blogs del año 2010 en adelante. Las sintaxis empleadas fueron retinopatía diabética, prevalencia y prevención de retinopatía diabética, prevención primaria, complicaciones oculares de la diabetes mellitus y factores de riesgo de la retinopatía diabética. Conclusiones: La adición de nuevas estrategias al control o modificación de los principales factores de riesgo en los pacientes diabéticos constituye una alternativa para perfeccionar la prevención primaria de la retinopatía diabética.

Introduction: Studies of the link between exposure to health information and the adoption and maintenance of preventive behaviors often overlook the fact that within the concept of "information" there may be different categories. Objective: To explore the messages people are exposed to regarding three healthy habits: the practice of physical activity, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and the cessation of tobacco consumption. Methods: 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with people over 25 years of age living in the city of Santiago de Chile. Results: The messages to which people remember being exposed to can be organized into four categories: risks or negative aspects, benefits, practical information, and prescriptions. People connect some categories clearly with the adoption of behaviors, while others seem irrelevant or even detrimental. In addition, age differences are found in the recall of different categories. Conclusion: This study underlines the need to break down the concept of health information when one wants to study its impact on people's health decisions, taking into account that the subjects' informative environments comprise different types of messages and that they do not all push in the desired direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La prediabetes es un estado intermedio de hiperglicemia, con una alta prevalencia en la población colombiana. Su relación con enfermedad cardiovascular y complicaciones macro y microvasculares se ha establecido, incrementando la evidencia científica en la literatura reciente. Objetivo: Describir las enfermedades cardiovasculares (complicaciones macrovasculares) relacionadas con prediabetes, su diagnóstico, fisiopatología, el enfoque de manejo y el tratamiento avalado para prevenir estas complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, mediante búsqueda de artículos científicos en Medline entre 2015 y 2021. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 83 artículos. Se describe la relación de prediabetes con enfermedad cardiovascular, mortalidad, diagnóstico y tratamiento conforme a la literatura actualizada. Conclusiones: La importancia de la prediabetes radica en su asociación con complicaciones macrovasculares y su mortalidad, lo que pone en evidencia la importancia de estudiarla, seguirla y tratarla para evitar la progresión a diabetes mellitus, el desarrollo de desenlaces que finalizan en aumento de la morbimortalidad, alteración de la calidad de vida e incremento de los costos en salud.

Objetivo: Estimar el efecto de una intervención educativa basada en nutrición y estilos de vida saludables para incrementar la proporción de adolescentes libres de componentes del síndrome metabólico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental en una muestra representativa de adolescentes de dos escuelas de un distrito altoandino del Perú (ciudad de Cajamarca); 388 estudiantes completaron la intervención, así como la medición basal y la posintervención. La intervención tuvo nueve ejes temáticos, cada uno fue desarrollado en una sesión educativa de 45 min cada dos semanas. Se usó los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel and Adult Treatment Panel III para el síndrome metabólico. Se realizó la comparación de proporciones pareadas (prueba de McNemar) para determinar el impacto de la intervención. Resultados: En la medición basal, el 20,4% (IC95%: 16,2 a 24,5) no tenía componentes de SM, posintervención dicha proporción se incrementó a 32,5% (IC95%: 27,7 a 37,3), la diferencia de proporciones fue 12,1% (IC95%: 7,5 a 16,8; p0,001). La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue 4,6% (IC95%: 2,4 a 6,9) basalmente; posintervención fue 2,3% (IC95%: 0,7 a 3,9). La diferencia de proporciones fue 2,3%, (IC95%: 0,3 a 3,2; p=0,022). Entre los componentes, la mayor reducción fue en la proporción de hipertrigliceridemia (diferencia de proporciones: 21,9%, IC95%: 16,9 a 26,9; p0,001), también se observó una reducción significativa de la hipertensión arterial (diferencia de proporciones: 3,1%, IC95%: 0,6 a 5,6; p=0,025). En los demás componentes no hubo diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa incrementó en un 59,3% la proporción de estudiantes libres de algún componente del síndrome metabólico.

Introduction: The family structure and parenting are changing in society, sedentary lifestyle, the use of screens and social networks is increasing. Families and health professionals must learn to educate, adapting their health advice to the new social and digital environment. Materials and methods: A survey was sent to the representatives of more than 5000 paediatricians to renew the Well Child Visits Programme of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics (AEPap). Contributions from preventive programmes from Andalusia, the Balearic Islands and Asturias were incorporated. The different interventions and advice were distributed in nine age groups. Results: Part of the recommendations are based on the work of the PrevInfad group. It uses the methodology of evidence-based medicine and performs the evaluation and synthesis of the evidence in the proposed preventive activities.The AEPap considers that the Well Child Programme should be carried out by the paediatric team: the paediatrician and the nurse, thus enhancing specific skills.The WHO considers it essential to empower individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health by making them caretakers of themselves and others, equipping them with tools that protect their well-being. Conclusion: Hence, it was decided to capture the Well Child Programme in the format of a free APP for mobile devices, as an innovative and affordable method of disseminating child and adolescent health. Information is given on parenting advice for family members, for children and adolescents and describes health check-ups for health workers. Resumen: Introducción: La estructura familiar y la crianza están cambiando en la sociedad, se incrementa el sedentarismo, el uso de pantallas y de redes sociales. Las familias y los profesionales sanitarios deben aprender a educar, adaptando sus consejos de salud al nuevo entorno social y digital. Material y métodos: Para renovar el Programa de Salud Infantil (PSI) de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) se envió una encuesta a los representantes de más de 5.000 pediatras. Se incorporaron aportaciones de los programas preventivos de Andalucía, Baleares y Asturias. Se distribuyeron las diferentes intervenciones y consejos en nueve grupos etarios. Resultados: Parte de las recomendaciones están basadas en el trabajo del grupo PrevInfad, llevadas a cabo con metodología de medicina basada en la evidencia, mediante la evaluación y síntesis de la evidencia de las actividades preventivas propuestas.La AEPap considera que el PSI debe realizarse por el equipo de pediatría: pediatra y enfermera/o, potenciándose así las competencias específicas.La OMS considera primordial empoderar a las personas, familias y comunidades para que optimicen su salud al convertirlas en cuidadoras de sí mismas y de otros, dotándolas de herramientas que protegen el bienestar. Conclusiones: Por todo ello se decide plasmar el PSI en formato de APP para dispositivos móviles gratuita, como método innovador y asequible de divulgación de salud infantojuvenil. Se informa sobre consejos de crianza para los familiares, para los niños/as y adolescentes y describe las revisiones de salud para los sanitarios.

Los controles periódicos de salud son aquellos cuidados médicos realizados a intervalos regulares, motivados por la necesidad de evaluar la salud en general y prevenir enfermedades a futuro. Se presume que comenzaron a ponerse en práctica durante el siglo XIX para la detección precoz de la tuberculosis y otras enfermedades contagiosas. A principios del siglo XX fueron difundidos los programas de examinación médica en el contexto de la estimación del riesgo de enfermedad y/o muerte previo a la contratación de seguros de vida. El desarrollo tecnológico posterior a la Segunda Guerra mundial fomentó el interés en estas examinaciones periódicas con la implementación de pruebas masivas de rastreo, lo que aumentó de manera considerable de la mano de los servicios de medicina prepaga. En los últimos años se han realizado múltiples esfuerzos por cuantificar los beneficios de estos controles. Si bien existen diversas opiniones respecto a su utilidad, pareciera ser que el enfoque actual del control periódico de salud implica tener en cuenta las necesidades de las personas, el riesgo individual y la relación médico-paciente como eje de la discusión.

Introducción: La prediabetes, en su gran mayoría evolucionará hacia diabetes mellitus; por ello, es importante su detección temprana, a través de pruebas de cribado. Objetivo: Estimar la precisión de la prueba de riesgo del ADA y la prueba de riesgo peruana como cribado para prediabetes. Métodos: Estudio transversal para pruebas diagnósticas. Para el diagnóstico de prediabetes se utilizó la glucosa en ayunas como prueba de referencia. Para evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico discriminativo se utilizó el gráfico de curvas COR que se presentó con el área bajo la curva y se tomó en cuenta la a sensibilidad para determinar el punto de corte. Se calcularon los intervalos de confianza al 95 % . Se trabajó con un total de 441 sujetos. Resultados: La prevalencia de prediabetes fue 14,29 %. El punto de corte de la prueba de riesgo del ADA fue 4; presentó un área bajo la curva de 0,79 (IC95 %: 0,75 - 0,83) y la sensibilidad del 93,7 % (IC95 %: 84,5 - 98,2). Mientras que para la prueba de riesgo peruana se escogió un corte de 2. El área bajo la curva fue de 0,72 (IC95 %: 0,67 - 0,78) y la sensibilidad del 79,4 (IC95 %: 67,3 - 88,5). Conclusiones: La prueba de riesgo del ADA, con un punto de corte de 4, supera a la prueba de riesgo peruana como método de cribado para prediabetes. De confirmarse dichos resultados en otros trabajos prospectivos, se puede recomendar su uso en zonas donde se tenga poco acceso a análisis de laboratorio.

COVID-19 preventive measures. Introduction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Mexico's government implemented the "Jornada Nacional de Sana Distancia" to prevent infection. Objective. To determine the level of adherence and knowledge of the COVID-19 preventive measures established by the Mexican government in Merida, Yucatan. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a survey in the Facebook group "Que todo Mérida se entere" from April 20 to 30, 2021. Results. From 173 participants, 157 were valid, mostly women (94). A high level of adherence was observed in 122 participants and medium in 35, with no low level; a high level of knowledge was recorded in 84 participants, medium in 65 and low in 8. No statistically significant association was found with the Chi-square test between level of knowledge-infection with COVID-19 (p= 0. 4429), level of adherenceinfection by COVID-19 (p= 0.078), level of knowledge-contact with relative with COVID-19 (p=0.1548) and level of adherence-contact with relative with COVID-19 (p=0.1318). Conclusions. It is necessary to evaluate other factors that could influence the high incidence of COVID-19, as well as the reasons and advantages that even with medium or low knowledge there is a high level of adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevention strategies for bile duct injuries in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out; 1166 articles were identified and after the evaluation process 11 articles were acquired that allowed the qualitative analysis and quantitative. The evaluative outcomes were measured through the relative risk with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: In the variable "experience of the surgeon", a reduction of 79% was found in the appearance of bile duct injury that was operated by an experienced surgeon compared to an inexperienced surgeon (RR: 0.21, CI 95% 0.13 - 0.32, p<0.001); for the variable "imaging technique" there was no statistically significant difference (RR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.66 - 1.38, p: 0.80); Finally, the variable "Surgical technique" showed a 69% reduction in the appearance of bile duct injury (RR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 - 0.73, p < 0.008). Conclusion: The experience of the surgeon and the surgical technique constituting prevention strategies for bile duct injuries in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategies established for HIV prevention directed at immigrant populations are diverse and not very specific about the characteristics of these groups. Objective: To analyze the concept of "primary prevention of HIV in the immigrant population". Methodology: The steps suggested by Walker and Avant were followed, so a structured review of the literature in dictionaries and databases (Embase, Pubmed and Ebsco) was carried out. Results: There is no evidence of the existence of a definition on the specific term, so a proposal is made that encompasses the strategies identified in the literature, specific in this population. Conclusions: primary prevention of HIV in migrants is identified as a great opportunity to strengthen coverage of universal access to vulnerable populations, as well as being a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach in structural, biomedical and behavioral areas that are developed with the axis being adaptations to cultural needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the first cause of cancer-related death in Chile and 6 th in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main gastric carcinogen, and its treatment reduces GC incidence and mortality. Esophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) allows for the detection of premalignant conditions and early-stage GC. Mass screening programs for H. pylori infection and screening for premalignant conditions and early-stage GC are not currently implemented in LAC. The aim of this study is to establish recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of GC in asymptomatic standard-risk populations in Chile., Methods: Two on-line synchronous workshops and a seminar were conducted with Chilean experts. A Delphi panel consensus was conducted over 2 rounds to achieve>80% agreement on proposed primary and secondary prevention strategies for the population stratified by age groups., Results: 10, 12, and 12 experts participated in two workshops and a seminar, respectively. In the Delphi panel, 25 out of 37 experts (77.14%) and 28 out of 52 experts (53.85%) responded. For the population aged 16-34, there was no consensus on non-invasive testing and treatment for H. pylori, and the use of EGD was excluded. For the 35-44 age group, non-invasive testing and treatment for H. pylori is recommended, followed by subsequent test-of-cure using non-invasive tests (stool antigen test or urea breath test). In the ≥45 age group, a combined strategy is recommended, involving H. pylori testing and treatment plus non-invasive biomarkers (H. pylori IgG serology and serum pepsinogens I and II); subsequently, a selected group of subjects will undergo EGD with gastric biopsies (Sydney Protocol), which will be used to stratify surveillance according to the classification Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA); every 3 years for OLGA III-IV and every 5 years for OLGA I-II., Conclusion: A "test-and-treat" strategy for H. pylori infection based on non-invasive studies (primary prevention) is proposed in the 35-44 age group, and a combined strategy (serology and EGD) is recommended for the ≥45 age group (primary and secondary prevention). These strategies are potentially applicable to other countries in LAC., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería en la APS, a partir del referencial teórico sobre proceso de trabajo en salud. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo de tipo observacional. La investigación se efectuó en una Empresa Social del Estado que brinda servicios de APS en Colombia; la recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la observación no participante. La muestra estuvo conformada por cuatro profesionales de la enfermería, seleccionadas intencionalmente, en función de sus roles y actividades desarrolladas en el contexto de la APS del municipio. Resultados: Mediante la observación se construyeron cuatro categorías temáticas, a saber: Proceso de atención; rol enfermero; comunicación y liderazgo con el equipo de trabajo; y, prácticas de educación para la salud. Conclusión: En el proceso de trabajo que realizan las enfermeras, predominan las tecnologías leves y leves-duras con sus saberes técnicos-científicos, por lo cual está presente el trabajo muerto que se torna vivo al establecer una relación recíproca enfermera/paciente.

Objetivo: Describir una experiencia de vinculación con el medio entre la comunidad educativa perteneciente a establecimientos educacionales de la región de Coquimbo y la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN) a través de capacitación surgida en tiempos de pandemia en el año 2020. Metodología: Artículo descriptivo que da cuenta de la ejecución de un proceso de capacitación e-learning a establecimientos educacionales con nexo con la Facultad de Medicina de la UCN, para posteriormente incluir establecimientos educacionales Programa de Acceso a la Educación Superior. Para el desarrollo del programa educativo se utilizaron las plataformas virtuales Classroom y Zoom. Resultados: Este programa ha contado con gran interés por parte tanto de los directivos como de los participantes. Se contó con 911 inscritos, de los cuales 661 finalizan la actividad, correspondiente a un 72% y 587 la aprueban, lo cual corresponde al 94% de las personas que finalizaron el programa educativo. La capacitación cuenta con dos actividades de evaluación, distribuidas en foro y evaluación de contenidos. El foro equivale a un 30% de la nota y la evaluación de contenidos a un 70%. Conclusiones: Durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID.19 se vio la necesidad de implementar este programa educativo de vinculación para dar respuesta a la situación sanitaria del país. Esta experiencia permitió desarrollar educación para la salud a distancia, utilizando tecnología digital e innovación. El compromiso y la colaboración de las partes interesadas logró favorecer la prevención de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y fomentar la promoción dela salud.

Objective: This article intends to identify different models of health promotion (HP), and analyze how health promotion has evolved from the guidelines of social determinants (SDH) and its applicability in the countries. Methodology: starting from a thematic review of the articles in Pubmed, Lilac and Scielo, using the Boolean operators (PS) or (primary care) and (SDH) or (social determinants of health) in the last 5 years. A total of 178 articles were obtained in Lilac, 69 in Scielo, 132 in Pubmed. A total of 33 articles were found in scholar.google.com, thanks to the descriptors, "models, approaches and theories" and PS. Results: the main areas identified are: primary care, SDH, public policies, oral health, health policies, health services, accessibility. The logic of prevention and its differentiation with the rationality of PS is analyzed, based on an analysis of the context of international practice. The confusion between promotion and prevention and the lack of development of the collective and community levels of HP based on primary health care, are discussed. Conclusions: PS and prevention failed to be developed in health systems. Many of the theoretical postulates of PS have been relegated. Several levels of intervention in PS are proposed: contextual, macro, meso, micro, individual, and global, strategic, community, interpersonal and intrapersonal actions. More research is needed on SDH, which establishes the balance between the individual and the collective, in PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]