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Owing to uncharacteristic initial symptoms and rapid progression, invasive meningococcal disease is still a challenge to diagnose and treat, even in high-income countries. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of invasive meningococcal disease, presenting as acute adrenal insufficiency due to haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands. We report a case of 5.5-year-old boy who presented to the hospital with fever, impaired consciousness, vomiting, and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Despite prompt diagnosis of invasive disease and adequate treatment, the patient died. We underline the need to increase parents’ knowledge and better access to vaccines against meningococci for Polish paediatric patients. Paediatricians and primary care physicians must remain alert and be ready to suspect invasive meningococcal disease in their patients.

The financial and legal aspects of preventive vaccinations in Poland form a subject of a research and analysis taken in this study. Due to the complex scope of considerations, it was also necessary to take into account issues that will allow to assess in a comprehensive manner a problem indicated in a title of this study. Thus, the research is made both from the legal and financial perspective, paying attention to the regulations contained in the budget act. This issue has not been thoroughly investigated by the doctrine, what makes this theme be a source of interesting analysis and conclusions. In this study, in the first place, general issues related to the constitutional regulations on preventive vaccinations are presented, with reference also to other legal acts regulating this issue. Subsequently, selected problematic issues, such as, for example, the analysis of the National Immunization Program, and also the Protective Vaccination Compensation Fund are analysed. The importance of preventive vaccinations and the issues related to their financing under the provisions of the Budget Act of 2022 and the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases in humans were also analysed. The research covers also an expenditure on health care under the Act of 27 August 2004 on health care services financed from public funds.

Owing to uncharacteristic initial symptoms and rapid progression, invasive meningococcal disease is still a challenge to diagnose and treat, even in high-income countries. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of invasive meningococcal disease, presenting as acute adrenal insufficiency due to haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands. We report a case of 5.5-year-old boy who presented to the hospital with fever, impaired consciousness, vomiting, and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Despite prompt diagnosis of invasive disease and adequate treatment, the patient died. We underline the need to increase parents’ knowledge and better access to vaccines against meningococci for Polish paediatric patients. Paediatricians and primary care physicians must remain alert and be ready to suspect invasive meningococcal disease in their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The vaccine is a preparation of biological origin containing antigens that stimulate the body’s immune system to produce acquired immunity. Vaccines can contain killed or “live” (attenuated) microorganisms as well as fragments of these (antigens). Although many vaccines are used routinely in pregnancy to provide a seroprotective immune response for mother, fetus and neonate there is much controversy over their use during this unique time. The aim of the study was to find out about the knowledge of adult Poles on the use of preventive vaccinations during pregnancy. Methods The study involved 700 people (100%) aged 18 to 80 years ( x ¯ $$ \overline{x} $$ = 32.16 ± 16.46). Most of the respondents were women (511; 73%). The study consisted of 9 questions about preventive vaccinations of pregnant women and 5 questions about members of the studied group. The aforementioned questions formed the basis of the preparation of the presented article. Results A significant part of respondents (322; 46%) did not have knowledge on the topic of safeness of using preventive vaccinations during pregnancy, 196 (28%) respondents believed that such procedure is not safe. Most of the respondents (371; 53%) did not know about the possibility of using “live” vaccines during pregnancy. 14 (2%) of respondents believed that pregnancy should be terminated in case of administration of a “live” vaccine to a pregnant woman. According to 294 (42%) respondents, vaccinations with “live” vaccines should be completed at least 3 months before the planned pregnancy. The subjects were not aware of the issue of post-exposure vaccination against tetanus and rabies among pregnant women. The respondents’ responses were divided on the issue of the safest trimester of pregnancy for vaccine administration. Almost 1/3 of the respondents (203; 29%) indicated the third trimester as the safest for their performance. Conclusion The knowledge of the surveyed group, the majority of whom were women, about the use of vaccinations before and during pregnancy was unsatisfactory. There is a need to educate the public about the benefits and risks of performing or avoiding preventive vaccinations during pregnancy.

Copyright of Prawo Budżetowe Państwa i Samorządu is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Law & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relevance. The Russian Federation is one of the largest states in the world, includes 85 subjects of the Federation located in two hemispheres of the Earth (Western and Eastern). The geographical location of the country, as well as the differences in territories according to the epidemiological situation, allow each subject, in accordance with the law, to develop regional schedules of vaccination. Aim. To analyze the trends in improving the regional schedule of routine vaccination, as well as to outline the directions of its development. Materials and methods. The analysis of regional schedules of vaccination in different years, including a descriptive stage based on the study of regulatory documents for the period from 2001 to 2019, was carried out. Results. The regional vaccination schedule was first introduced in Moscow in 2001. Infectious diseases against which vaccination was carried out, basically repeated the National calendar. Over time, the Regional Schedule has changed depending on the epidemic and economic situation in the capital. For the period from 2001 to 2019, the calendar had 4 editions - the number of infections against which residents of Moscow are vaccinated increased from 10 infectious diseases to 17. Vaccination schemes also undergo changes: the age of measles and mumps booster vaccination, the tactics of vaccination against viral hepatitis B, the introduction of combined vaccines, as well as changes in composition persons at risk to be vaccinated. The stages of introducing vaccination against rotavirus infection, meningitidis, pertussis, human papillomavirus infection, varicella, viral hepatitis A, pneumococcal infection into the Regional Schedule are described. A brief overview got of the regional schemes of vaccinations in some regions of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The article describes an almost 20-year history of improving the Regional Schedule of Routine Vaccination in Moscow in the context of the development of the National Schedule of Routine Vaccination of the Russian Federation, as well as in comparison with immunization calendars from other countries of the world and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Achievements and directions for further improvement of the Regional schedule of preventive vaccinations in the city of Moscow are indicated.

Measles caused by the virus is highly infectious and sometimes fatal, but it is prevented through vaccination. In Kyrgyzstan, measles cases were initially documented in September 2023, with a notable escalation observed between November and December of the same year. Children aged 3-5 years and 1-2 years exhibited the highest prevalence rates, followed by infants under one year old. Unvaccinated children constituted the majority of cases, with schoolchildren and kindergarten attendees also affected. Surprisingly, a significant proportion of measles cases occurred in vaccinated children, primarily those who received the MMR or Rubella-measles vaccine. Doctors identified 22 recent measles outbreaks and none of the 75 contacts recorded in these outbreaks acquired the disease. Therefore, it is of interest to report an analysis of measles outbreak spike at Jalal-Abad city of Kyrgyzstan in 2023., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Biomedical Informatics.)

Undoubtedly, the end of 2019 will be recorded in the annals of modern human history as a time which resulted in an unprecedented event. This is because this year, the global epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus broke out. This virus, on the other hand, leads to the development of an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract, known as COVID-19. Therefore, the state of epidemic threat that was initially introduced in Poland, and then transformed into the current epidemic state, requires a particular reaction from the state authorities and also, it would seem, an appropriate response to the situation by the citizens themselves. In such exceptional circumstances, the obligation arises for the state to protect the life and health of its citizens, both in the area of enacting the relevant law and its implementation. However, there is a remedy for the growing number of new cases of COVID-19 and deaths in this context, namely the possibility of performing preventive vaccinations against this disease. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the legal regulations on preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 introduced in Poland. In this regard, reference is made to the basic assumptions used in the constitutional model of health care in Poland. In this context, the principle of equal access to health care services financed from public funds and the constitutional exceptions to the principle of equal access to benefits, such as children, pregnant women, disabled and elderly people are discussed, as well as the principle of the active role of the state in combating epidemic threats. These considerations are complemented by an outline of the statutory and sub-statutory solutions in the health care model. The analysis also covers legal solutions adopted with regard to the COVID-19 epidemic, and presents the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as well as restrictions, orders and bans in connection with the epidemic. In addition, the compliance of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with the constitutional model of health protection is assessed, with the criteria for assessing this distribution in the context of establishing the state of the epidemic being singled out.

Undoubtedly, the end of 2019 will be recorded in the annals of modern human history as a time which resulted in an unprecedented event. This is because this year, the global epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus broke out. This virus, on the other hand, leads to the development of an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract, known as COVID-19. Therefore, the state of epidemic threat that was initially introduced in Poland, and then transformed into the current epidemic state, requires a particular reaction from the state authorities and also, it would seem, an appropriate response to the situation by the citizens themselves. In such exceptional circumstances, the obligation arises for the state to protect the life and health of its citizens, both in the area of enacting the relevant law and its implementation. However, there is a remedy for the growing number of new cases of COVID-19 and deaths in this context, namely the possibility of performing preventive vaccinations against this disease. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the legal regulations on preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 introduced in Poland. In this regard, reference is made to the basic assumptions used in the constitutional model of health care in Poland. In this context, the principle of equal access to health care services financed from public funds and the constitutional exceptions to the principle of equal access to benefits, such as children, pregnant women, disabled and elderly people are discussed, as well as the principle of the active role of the state in combating epidemic threats. These considerations are complemented by an outline of the statutory and sub-statutory solutions in the health care model. The analysis also covers legal solutions adopted with regard to the COVID-19 epidemic, and presents the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as well as restrictions, orders and bans in connection with the epidemic. In addition, the compliance of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with the constitutional model of health protection is assessed, with the criteria for assessing this distribution in the context of establishing the state of the epidemic being singled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The number of people refusing to vaccinate their children is growing in Poland every year. Anti-vaccine organisations lead very fierce disinformation campaigns. The incidence of vaccine preventable diseases is on the rise. Monitoring of parents’ attitudes towards preventive vaccinations and gauging the level of their understanding of the issue may enable more effective actions of organisations responsible for public health. Aim: The objectives of the study included finding out about parents’ opinions and views as well as evaluating their knowledge about vaccinations in Poland. The study was also to define a parents’ assessment of the range of campaigns promoting vaccination and actions of anti-vaccine movements. Material and method: The studies were carried out with a survey conducted among 233 parents or legal guardians of the children being under the obligation of vaccinations. Results: Nearly 90% of respondents are proponents of vaccinations, one-third of them consider some vaccinations unnecessary, and almost 7% of the surveyed describe themselves as opponents of vaccinations. 78% among the parents surveyed encountered campaigns promoting the Childhood Immunisation Programme, and most of them regard such campaigns as useful. Anti-vaccine movements were heard of by 62.4% of all the surveyed parents or legal guardians. 60% of respondents regard their own knowledge of the issue of vaccinations as sufficient. However, only 35% of respondents provided correct answers to the control questions about preventive vaccinations. People with higher education have better knowledge on vaccinations, whereas those with primary education have the best opinion on their own knowledge. Conclusions: Parents’ knowledge in terms of preventive vaccinations seems inadequate. The number of opponents of preventive vaccinations is systematically growing. The paediatrician being the main source of information on the issue of vaccinations for the parents. Monitoring of parents’ attitudes and opinions about the issue of preventive vaccination will be useful in better directing promoting campaigns in social media, and in adjusting healthcare workers’ activities to specific social groups.

Background: The vaccine is a preparation of biological origin containing antigens that stimulate the body's immune system to produce acquired immunity. Vaccines can contain killed or "live" (attenuated) microorganisms as well as fragments of these (antigens). Although many vaccines are used routinely in pregnancy to provide a seroprotective immune response for mother, fetus and neonate there is much controversy over their use during this unique time. The aim of the study was to find out about the knowledge of adult Poles on the use of preventive vaccinations during pregnancy.Methods: The study involved 700 people (100%) aged 18 to 80 years ([Formula: see text] = 32.16 ± 16.46). Most of the respondents were women (511; 73%). The study consisted of 9 questions about preventive vaccinations of pregnant women and 5 questions about members of the studied group. The aforementioned questions formed the basis of the preparation of the presented article.Results: A significant part of respondents (322; 46%) did not have knowledge on the topic of safeness of using preventive vaccinations during pregnancy, 196 (28%) respondents believed that such procedure is not safe. Most of the respondents (371; 53%) did not know about the possibility of using "live" vaccines during pregnancy. 14 (2%) of respondents believed that pregnancy should be terminated in case of administration of a "live" vaccine to a pregnant woman. According to 294 (42%) respondents, vaccinations with "live" vaccines should be completed at least 3 months before the planned pregnancy. The subjects were not aware of the issue of post-exposure vaccination against tetanus and rabies among pregnant women. The respondents' responses were divided on the issue of the safest trimester of pregnancy for vaccine administration. Almost 1/3 of the respondents (203; 29%) indicated the third trimester as the safest for their performance.Conclusion: The knowledge of the surveyed group, the majority of whom were women, about the use of vaccinations before and during pregnancy was unsatisfactory. There is a need to educate the public about the benefits and risks of performing or avoiding preventive vaccinations during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the peptide-based vaccines for treatment of cancer. It states that the physical consequence of the tumor, tolerance mechanisms, and local causes in the microenvironment of tumor may possibly impede the therapeutic effect of CD8-positive T-cell. However, developments suggest that combining peptide vaccines with traditional chemotherapy can significantly improve immunotherapy. It mentions that eliciting cell-mediated immune response may be helpful in anticancer vaccination.

Introduction: The immunosuppressive effect of the disease and the applied treatment in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis increases the risk of infections. It is therefore essential that vaccinations be properly implemented and that a proper serological response is provoked after the vaccination. A competent nurse acting in compliance with the current recommendations constitutes one of the safety pillars of immunization of pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Aim: To discuss evidence-based recommendations for immunization of pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the context of nursing vaccination practice and vaccinology education. Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature presenting evidence-based recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) expert group on immunization of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Compilation of source data selected subjectively by the authors in a standard literature search of Medline, Cochrane and Scopus databases, including both recommendations for immunization of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the tasks to be performed by nurses in the course of vaccine administration. As part of the standard literature review of Medline, Cochrane and Scopus databases, including both recommendations for immunization of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the tasks to be performed by nurses in the course of vaccine administration. Results: Most vaccines are immunogenic and safe for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The use of attenuated vaccines in patients receiving long-term immunosuppressive treatment should be considered with particular caution. Education and further training of nurses should take into account the recommendations and principles of immunization regarding children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Nurses should present the current knowledge of active immunoprophylaxis in such a way as to encourage parents/guardians to vaccinate their children in accordance with the national guidelines. Conclusion: The recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism place special emphasis on the use of active immunoprophylaxis in the form of vaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The immunization schedule must be adjusted to the applied JIA treatment regimen. Such a stance on this matter is highly important as treatment regimens increasingly include biological drugs. Correctly performed by a nurse, a vaccination procedure is an important determinant of the desired immunoprophylactic results and minimizes the risk of adverse events following immunization. The priority for a nurse who provides active immunoprophylaxis should be to systematically broaden her training in immunization of chronically ill children, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]