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The purpose of the study was to screen and obtain chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria with high adhesion, excellent probiotic properties and high activity so as to lay a foundation for the development of chicken-derived probiotic preparations. The host-derived lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy free-range chickens and the surface adhesion characteristics of the isolated strains such as surface hydrophobicity, bacterial self-agglutination and co polymerization as well as the adhesion effect on intestinal mucus in vitro were studied. The response surface method was used to optimize the significant influencing factors in the fermentation conditions of high adhesion lactic acid bacteria and the optimal fermentation conditions were obtained. The results showed that a strain of Lactobacil⁃ lus reuteri Lac-R6 was isolated from chicken intestine and the adhesion efficiency in vitro was 29.47%. The survival rate in the simulated gastrointestinal fluid was 80.11% and it had a significant antibacterial effect on pathogenic E. coli 1.505 (P<0.05). The adhesion efficiency was significantly higher than that of other lactic acid bacteria isolates and it had good gastrointestinal tolerance and probiotic characteristics. The fermentation conditions of Lactobacillus reuteri L6 were optimized. The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH 6.73, yeast extract powder addition 6.63 g/L, and glucose addition 28.85 g/L. The number of effective living bacteria could reach 8.56 × 109 CFU/mL by optimization. Lactobacillus reuteri L6 that isolated from chicken intestine is a high-adhesion host-derived lactic acid bacteria with good colonization advantages and probiotic properties which helps it to play a probiotic role in the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study was to assess the probiotic attributes, technological properties and safety profiles of lactic acid bacteria isolated from local raw goat milk in Xinjiang, and built a cornerstone of exploitation of functional dairy products. Isolates were analyzed the genetic differences by 16S rRNA gene sequence combined Rep-PCR fingerprint typing technology. Preliminary screening under acid and bile salt base conditions were conducted and before the following experiments, including simulated gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, cell surface properties (hydrophobicity and autoaggregation), antimicrobial activity, processing stress tolerance (lysozyme and heat), and antibiotic sensitivity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify and screen the strains with optimal probiotic properties. This study found that the 23 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from 15 goat milk samples, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides (9 isolates), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (6 isolates), Latilactobacillus curvatus (4 isolates), Enterococcus faecium (2 isolates) and Enterococcus durans (2 isolates). Seven strains were able to maintain considerable viable bacterial counts under pH2.0 and 0.3% bile salt conditions, indicating their high tolerance to acid and bile salt. Among them, strain SY43-10 and strain SY43-4 possessed a high tolerance towards simulated gastrointestinal fluid with over 5 lg CFU/mL after treatment, high self-agglutination rates of over 27% after 24 h and high hydrophobicit. Meanwhile, the viable counts after heat and lysozyme treatment of these two strains were more than 7 lg CFU/mL. Both of the two strains were susceptible to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, and were intermediate or susceptible to cefoxitin, erythromycin, and penicillin. In conclusion, strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SY43-10 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SY43-4 can be used as potential beneficial strains for further development of fermented dairy and functional products.

Lactobacillus plantarum has beneficial effects on the reduction of symptoms of poor lactose digestion and hypercholesterolemia, removal of the duration and severity of diarrheal processes, improvement of the intestinal permeability barrier, prevention of some types of cancer by adsorption or inactivation of genotoxic agents, increased resistance to intestinal and extraintestinal infections, attenuation of inflammatory bowel disease, and prevention of allergies (especially food). On the other hand, carao (Cassia grandis) has shown remarkable nutritious content with influential dietary applications. As a result, this investigation aimed to explore the effect of Cassia grandis pulp on viability of Lactobacillus plantarum under gastrointestinal conditions, immunomodulatory capacity, and probiotic potential. Adding carao to the medium under different experimental conditions, including rich and minimal culture media and a gastrointestinal digestion process of skimmed milk, did not substantially affect Lactobacillus plantarum’s growth but prolonged its viability. The administration of Lactobacillus plantarum with carao in mice did not induce a proinflammatory response at a systemic level. Still, it did cause an increase in the production of immunoregulatory cytokines. Also, the viability of TSB broth was improved by adding carao. Carao improved the growth of acid tolerance, bile tolerance, growth in TSB broth, and NaCl resistance. According to the results, carao may enhance the characteristics of L. plantarum when enriching fermented dairy products.

Gut microbiota are the microbial organisms that play a pivotal role in intestinal health and during disease conditions. Keeping in view the characteristic functions of gut microbiota, in this study, Lactobacillus reuteri TPC32 (L. reuteri TPC32) was isolated and identified, and its whole genome was analyzed by the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The results revealed that L. reuteri TPC32 had high resistance against acid and bile salts with fine in vitro antibacterial ability. Accordingly, a genome sequence of L. reuteri TPC32 has a total length of 2,214,495 base pairs with a guanine–cytosine content of 38.81%. Based on metabolic annotation, out of 2,212 protein-encoding genes, 118 and 101 were annotated to carbohydrate metabolism and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, respectively. Similarly, drug-resistance and virulence genes were annotated using the comprehensive antibiotic research database (CARD) and the virulence factor database (VFDB), in which vatE and tetW drug-resistance genes were annotated in L. reuteri TPC32, while virulence genes are not annotated. The early prevention of L. reuteri TPC32 reduced the Salmonella typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in mice. The results show that L. reuteri TPC32 could improve the serum IgM, decrease the intestinal cytokine secretion to relieve intestinal cytokine storm, reinforce the intestinal biochemical barrier function by elevating the sIgA expression, and strengthen the intestinal physical barrier function. Simultaneously, based on the 16S rRNA analysis, the L. reuteri TPC32 results affect the recovery of intestinal microbiota from disease conditions and promote the multiplication of beneficial bacteria. These results provide new insights into the biological functions and therapeutic potential of L. reuteri TPC32 for treating intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus plantarum has beneficial effects on the reduction of symptoms of poor lactose digestion and hypercholesterolemia, removal of the duration and severity of diarrheal processes, improvement of the intestinal permeability barrier, prevention of some types of cancer by adsorption or inactivation of genotoxic agents, increased resistance to intestinal and extraintestinal infections, attenuation of inflammatory bowel disease, and prevention of allergies (especially food). On the other hand, carao (Cassia grandis) has shown remarkable nutritious content with influential dietary applications. As a result, this investigation aimed to explore the effect of Cassia grandis pulp on viability of Lactobacillus plantarum under gastrointestinal conditions, immunomodulatory capacity, and probiotic potential. Adding carao to the medium under different experimental conditions, including rich and minimal culture media and a gastrointestinal digestion process of skimmed milk, did not substantially affect Lactobacillus plantarum's growth but prolonged its viability. The administration of Lactobacillus plantarum with carao in mice did not induce a proinflammatory response at a systemic level. Still, it did cause an increase in the production of immunoregulatory cytokines. Also, the viability of TSB broth was improved by adding carao. Carao improved the growth of acid tolerance, bile tolerance, growth in TSB broth, and NaCl resistance. According to the results, carao may enhance the characteristics of L. plantarum when enriching fermented dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belong to a significant group of probiotic bacteria that provide hosts with considerable health benefits. Our previous study showed that pigs with abundant LAB had more robust immune responses in a vaccination experiment. In this study, 52 isolate strains were isolated from the pigs with superior immune responses. Out of these, 14 strains with higher antibacterial efficacy were chosen. We then assessed the probiotic features of the 14 LAB strains, including such as autoaggregation, coaggregation, acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and adhesion capability, as well as safety aspects such as antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, and the presence or absence of virulence factors. We also compared these properties with those of an opportunistic pathogen EB1 and two commercial probiotics (cLA and cLP). The results showed that most LAB isolates exhibited higher abilities of aggregation, acid and bile salt resistance, adhesion, and antibacterial activity than the two commercial probiotics. Out of the 14 strains, only LS1 and LS9 carried virulence genes and none had hemolytic activity. We selected three LAB strains (LA6, LR6 and LJ1) with superior probiotic properties and LS9 with a virulence gene for testing their safety in vivo. Strains EB1, cLA and cLP were also included as control bacteria. The results demonstrated that mice treated LAB did not exhibit any adverse effects on weight gain, organ index, blood immune cells, and ileum morphology, except for those treated with LS9 and EB1. Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of LR6 and LA6 strains was examined in vivo. The results indicated that these strains could mitigate the inflammatory response, reduce bacterial translocation, and alleviate liver, spleen, and ileum injury caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. In addition, the LR6 treatment group showed better outcomes than the LA6 treatment group; treatment with LR6 substantially reduced the mortality rate in mice. The study results provide evidence of the probiotic properties of the LAB isolates, in particular LR6, and suggest that oral administration of LR6 could have valuable health-promoting benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nipple fruit (Solanum mammosum), teosinte (Dioon mejiae), Caesar mushroom (Amanita caesarea), and weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powders have shown great nutritional content with meaningful dietary applications. This study aspired to investigate the impact of nipple fruit, teosinte, Caesar mushroom, and weevil powders on the bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, gastric juice resistance, and protease activity of Lactobacillus casei. Nipple fruit, teosinte, Caesar mushroom, and weevil powders were combined at 2% (wt/vol), whereas the control samples did not include the ingredients. The bile and acid tolerances were analyzed in Difco De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. The bile tolerance was investigated by adding 0.3% oxgall, whereas the acid tolerance was studied by modifying the pH to 2.0. The lysozyme tolerance was studied in electrolyte solution containing lysozyme (100 mg/L), while the gastric juice tolerance was analyzed at pH levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. The protease activity was studied spectrophotometrically at 340 nm in skim milk incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. The results show that nipple fruit increased the counts, whereas Caesar mushroom and weevil powders resulted in lower counts for bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme resistance, and simulated gastric juice tolerance characteristics. Furthermore, the protease activity increased by adding nipple fruit to skim milk. According to the results, nipple fruit may improve the characteristics of L. casei in cultured dairy by-products.

This study was conducted to isolate and identify Bifidobacterium from the feces of Kazakh school-age children in Yining, Xinjiang and evaluate the in vitro probiotic characteristics of B. longum subsp. longum isolates. By groEL gene sequencing and repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprinting, 416 Bifidobacterium strains were identified to belong to B. longum, B. bifidum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. catenulatum and B. breve. According to the fingerprints of B. longum subsp. longum, 27 genotypes showed genetic differences between individual strains and the coexistence of multiple strains in the gut was found. The in vitro experimental results showed that out of 27 representative strains, strains 2B3-21, 1B23-11, 2B33-3, and 1B68-16 were optimal in acid and bile salt tolerance, strains 1B68-16, 2B13-5, 2B33-3, and 1B39-2 had broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, and strains 1B38-1, 2B33-3, 1B68-16, and 2B13-28 showed a strong antioxidant capacity. Considering the antibiotic resistance of all strains and their ability to utilize plant-derived glycans, strains 1B38-1 and 2B13-28 were selected to assess their in vivo probiotic potentials. This study may lay the foundation for the development of excellent probiotics and related products for populations from specific areas.

In this study, a combination of an improved mucin enriched medium with real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was used to test 48 samples of maternal and infant feces for Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk). Under optimized conditions, 24 Akk strains were isolated from eight positive samples. All these strains were confirmed as Akk by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PCR with Akk-specific primers. Repetitive extragenic palindrome-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprinting classified the 24 strains into four genotypic groups. Subsequently, these strains were tested in vitro for simulated gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, hydrophobicity, antibiotic susceptibility, and glycan utilization capacity. The results showed that strains HN18D-1, HN18D-3, and WW48D1-13 had the highest tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. All Akk strains were resistant to vancomycin, clindamycin, kanamycin and erythromycin. Xylooligosaccharides and soybean oligosaccharides had prebiotic effects on the Akk strains. Collectively, Akk isolates HN18D-1, HN18D-3 and WW48D1-13 can be used as potential probiotic candidates for subsequent in-depth studies.

Nipple fruit (Solanum mammosum), teosinte (Dioon mejiae), Caesar mushroom (Amanita caesarea), and weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powders have shown great nutritional content with meaningful dietary applications. This study aspired to investigate the impact of nipple fruit, teosinte, Caesar mushroom, and weevil powders on the bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, gastric juice resistance, and protease activity of Lactobacillus casei. Nipple fruit, teosinte, Caesar mushroom, and weevil powders were combined at 2% (wt/vol), whereas the control samples did not include the ingredients. The bile and acid tolerances were analyzed in Difco De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. The bile tolerance was investigated by adding 0.3% oxgall, whereas the acid tolerance was studied by modifying the pH to 2.0. The lysozyme tolerance was studied in electrolyte solution containing lysozyme (100 mg/L), while the gastric juice tolerance was analyzed at pH levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. The protease activity was studied spectrophotometrically at 340 nm in skim milk incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. The results show that nipple fruit increased the counts, whereas Caesar mushroom and weevil powders resulted in lower counts for bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme resistance, and simulated gastric juice tolerance characteristics. Furthermore, the protease activity increased by adding nipple fruit to skim milk. According to the results, nipple fruit may improve the characteristics of L. casei in cultured dairy by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pediococcus acidilactici was mutated by space mutagenesis technology, and the strains with high production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) were screened. The functional characteristics of the EPS were also investigated. EPS production and genetic stability of the strains were measured, and a stable mutant strain L21-49 with high production of EPS was selected. Meanwhile, the self-aggregation and hydrophobicity of the mutant strain and the original strain were investigated, and the tolerances of the strains to acid, bile salts, and artificial simulated gastrointestinal fluid were compared. The anti-biofilm, anti-oxidant, and the inhibitory activities on α-amylase and α-glucosidase of EPS were also analyzed. The results showed that the EPS yield of the mutant strain was 196.23 mg/L, which was 26.54% higher than that of the original strain L21. The strain showed good self-aggregation, hydrophobicity and tolerance in vitro. The viable cell number could be maintained at 107 CFU/mL after being cultured in pH2.0 and 3.0 for 3 h. When treated with 4.00 g/L bile salt for 24 h, the number of viable cells were 107 CFU/mL. The viable count could be maintained at 106 CFU/mL after the treatment of the artificial simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The EPS presented good antioxidant capacity in vitro. When the concentration of EPS was 8.0 mg/mL, the clearance rates on DPPH, OH, ABTS+ and \begin{document}${\rm{O}}_2^- $\end{document} were 91.75%, 38.44%, 54.71% and 58.84%, respectively. The inhibition rates of L21-49 EPS on the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 40.04%, 60.04%, 50.59% and 33.68%, respectively. It inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by 23.52% and 51.15%, respectively. In this study, the effects of space mutagenesis on the probiotic characteristics and EPS production of lactic acid bacteria were investigated, so as to provide reference for the research and development of lactic acid bacteria and the EPS.

Five Bacillus strains were isolated from the traditional homemade shrimp paste, and were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Yll, Bacillus velezensis Y12, Bacillus subtilis Y13, Bacillus safensis Y32, and Bacillus cereus BI6Y. All five strains could grow normally at 10% NaCl concentration, had different protease and lipase and antibacterial substances production capacities. Among them, Bacillus cereus BI6Y has β-hemolysis and is insensitive to chloramphenicol, vancomycin and norfloxacin, hence is not suitable for a probiotic. The other four Bacillus strains are y-hemolytic, insensitive to chloramphenicol, with a self-aggregation rate between 25% and 35%, and tolerant to acid and bile salts; they were found to secrete surfactin and could survive after treatment with artificial gastrointestinal fluid, the strain that had the highest survival rate in artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0) was found to be B. subtilis Y13 (95.3%), and in artificial intestinal juice it was B. safensis Y32 (85.1%). The bacterial cell, cell-free supernatant, and cellular contents had different antioxidant activities, and the cell-free supernatant could scavenge 1,1 -diphenyl -2 -trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals simultaneously, the scavenging rate is between 40% and 60%. The results of the study showed that in addition to B. cereus BI6Y, B. amyloliquefaciens Y11, B. velezensis Y12, B. subtilis Y13, B. safensis Y32 have certain safety and probiotic properties, hence could be used as potential probiotics, which would provide a theoretical basis for the development of Bacillus, spp-based probiotic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To screen probiotic preparations that have good antibacterial effect and good probiotic characteristics, the experiment measured the in vitro antibacterial effect, growth curve, acid production ability, tolerance, and mouse safety of the isolated and identified Lentilactobacillus buchneri GXNN20210328-6 (Hereinafter referred to as GX0328-6) to evaluate its probiotic characteristics and safety. The result showed that GX0328-6 had bacteriostatic effect on Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, especially on Salmonella typhimurium; under pH=2.5 strong acid environment for 6 hours and 60 ℃ high temperature environment for 90 minutes, the viable count of GX0328-6 was above 1 × 106 CFU/mL, and it still maintained high activity; the survival rate was more than 50% (57.14%) at 0.5% high bile salt concentration for 2 hours; the safety test of mice showed that GX0328-6 had no adverse effect on diet, physiology and mental state of mice, and had no significant effect on body weight and immune organ index of mice (P>0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group mice, the LB group mice showed no damage to the liver and intestines, indicating that GX0328-6 is safe for mice. In summary, it is concluded that Lentilactobacillus buchneri GXNN20210328-6 has good probiotic characteristics and safety. This study can provide a theoretical basis for probiotics as feed additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powder, teosinte (Dioon mejiae) and Caesar's mushroom (Amanita caesarea) flour have bioactive compounds with significant nutritional applications. This paper aimed to examine the influence of weevil, teosinte, and mushroom powders on the protease activity, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, and gastric juice resistance ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Acid tolerance was determined by adjusting the pH of MRS broth to 2.0 for L. acidophilus incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. Bile tolerance was determined by incorporating 0.3% of oxgall. Protease activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Resistance to 100 mg/L of lysozyme in an electrolyte solution was also determined. All ingredients were incorporated at 2% (w/v), while the control had no added ingredients. Acid and lysozyme tolerance were examined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of incubation, whereas bile tolerance was analyzed at 0, 4, and 8 h. Gastric juice tolerance was determined at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 during 0 and 30 min of incubation, while protease activity was evaluated at 0, 12, and 24 h. Use of weevil flour, and Caesar's mushroom powder resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower counts for bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme resistance and simulated gastric juice tolerance characteristics. Protease activity increased with the use of teosinte flour. As such, this probiotic bacterium can be used alongside certain novel food sources at 2% concentration in the manufacture of fermented products such as yogurt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus coagulans, as a probiotic, has attracted much attention in recent years for its unique probiotic characteristics. In view of this, the current research status and future development trend at home and abroad are reviewed, based on the in-depth analysis of the probiotic properties of Bacillus coagulans. This paper reveals the application mechanism of Bacillus coagulans in the food field from three aspects: Digestive tract microecology, digestion and absorption of nutrients and immune system. Meanwhile, this paper foresees the future research hotspots in this field, aiming to support the wide application of Bacillus coagulans in food industry and help the sustainable development of probiotic industry.

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lactic acid bacteria are generally regarded as alternatives to antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming, especially Lactobacillus strains, which are safe and have probiotic potential. Although Lactobacillus salivarius has long been proposed to be a probiotic, the understanding of the roles of this species is still in its infancy. Here, a strain of L. salivarius CGMCC20700 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of Yunnan black-bone chicken broilers was investigated in the context of its safety and probiotic characteristics by whole-genome sequencing in parallel with phenotypic analysis. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that L. salivarius CGMCC20700 has a single scaffold of 1,737,577 bp with an average guanine-to-cytosine (GC) ratio of 33.51% and 1,757 protein-coding genes. The annotation of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) classified the predicted proteins from the assembled genome as possessing cellular, metabolic, and information-related functions. Sequences related to risk assessment, such as antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, were identified, and the strain was further confirmed as safe according to the results of antibiotic resistance, hemolytic, and acute oral toxicology tests. Two gene clusters of antibacterial compounds and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity were identified using genome mining tools and antibacterial spectrum tests. Stress resistance genes, active stressor removal genes, and adhesion related genes that were identified and examined with various phenotypic assays (such as stress tolerance tests in acids and bile salts and auto aggregation and hydrophobicity assays). The strain showed a high survival rate in the presence of bile salts and under acidic conditions and exhibited significant auto aggregation capacity and hydrophobicity. Overall, L. salivarius CGMCC20700 demonstrated excellent safety and probiotic potential at both the genomic and physiological levels and can be considered an appropriate candidate probiotic for livestock and poultry farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have isolated 15 bacterial strains from Aloe vera gel. Among them, we selected the Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae strain UAB10 based on its inhibition of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation and its ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. UAB10 showed strong inhibition of interleukin-6-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. The UAB10 isolate showed superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells compared with KTCT 3768, a reference L. lactis subsp. hordniae strain. The UAB10 isolate displayed no hemolytic activity and more potent anti-Shigella flexneri activity than KTCT 3768. Furthermore, UAB10 was able to survive better than KTCT 3768 in oxgall-containing De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar media and low-pH De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar media. Finally, UAB10 did not show any resistance against the eight tested antibiotics, including ampicillin, vancomycin, and gentamicin. These results highlight the potential for the use of UAB10 as a commercial probiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented pseudocereals has crucial importance to prepare microbial cultures. In the present study, after molecular identification, probiotic properties of the predominant LAB isolate were investigated. Sequencing results of the PCR products led to the identification of Lactobacillus brevis SKA01 as the predominant LAB. The survival of the LAB isolate after continues treatment of acid and bile reached to 106 compared to the control sample (108 CFU/mL), and it showed the highest antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between inhibitory zone diameter of the S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in the present of the LAB isolate. LAB isolate was capable of good auto-aggregation (36.19%) and co-aggregation with S. aureus (71.24%), and it had no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, it was resistant to most of the tested antibiotics. By considering the proper probiotic potentials of the L. brevis isolated from fermented amaranth, it is possible to use the isolate as microbial starter or probiotic culture in fermentation industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, BreviBacillus borstelensis S8 exhibited favorable enzyme production characteristics. In this study, the whole genome of Br borstelenensis S8 was sequenced to analyze its genomic sequence information and functions, investigating its genotype and potential probiotic properties. The whole genome sequence of S8 was determined to be 5,559,180 bp with an average GC content of 51.5%. A total of 5406 protein-coding genes were identified and annotated using NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation. By comparing it with the complete genome sequences of Bacillus cereus strains, 1911 orthologous gene families were recognized. Genome analysis revealed the absence of active antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factor genes, and toxin-encoding genes. Safety assessments included hemolytic assays, antibiotic resistance tests, and evaluations of biogenic amine production. Functional gene analysis highlighted S8's metabolic pathways based on its genomic features. The presence of adhesion-related genes, stress response genes (e.g., acid and bile salts), antimicrobial gene clusters, and genes involved in vitamin and essential amino acid synthesis in the genome showcased the probiotic potential of S8. Simultaneously, analysis of hemolytic activity, biogenic amines production ability, acid and bile salt tolerance for the strain S8 also demonstrated its probiotic traits. The genomic exploration and probiotic activity of S8 revealed its potential as a probiotic, offering valuable genomic insights and a foundation for its safe utilization in the food industry. • Complete genome of B. borstelensis S8 was firstly sequenced. • Analysis of its probiotics and safety based on phenotype and genotype. • Metabolism-related genes in the S8 genome were analyzed. • Bacteriocin-related genes in the S8 genome were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum HCS03-001(CGMCC No.16258), the safety of Lactobacillus plantarum HCS03-001 was evaluated by hemolysis test, drug resistance test and acute transoral toxicity test. The probiotic properties of the strain were evaluated by acid and bile salt tolerance test, bacteriostatic functional properties test and laxative efficacy test. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum HCS03-001 did not form transparent circle on the Colombian blood finger culture medium, that was, there was no hemolysis. Lactobacillus plantarum HCS03-001 was sensitive to penicillin (PEN), ampicillin (AM), imipenem (IP), meropenem (MP), linezolid (LZ), and datoramycin (DPC), and neutral to erythromycin (EM) and resistant to vancomycin (VA). The acute oral toxicology of mice was non-toxic, and the strain was confirmed to be safe to eat.The survival rate of the strain was 94.29% and 92.33% at pH3.0 and pH2.0 for 3 h, respectively. The survival rate could still reach 88.82% at 1.5 g/L bile salt for 3 h. It had inhibitory effect on intestinal and oral pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans). It had a good effect on promoting defecation in constipation model of loperamide hydrochloride. Lactobacillus plantarum HCS03-001 has good safety and probiotics.

Infantile colic is a common disease. Its etiology is not clear, which may be related to the imbalance of intestinal flora. Pediococcus pentosaceus is a probiotic of Pediococcus of Lactobacillaceae. It can enhance host immunity and improve the diversity of intestinal flora. This paper will introduce the characteristics of probiotics such as antibacterial capability, intestinal colonization ability and antibiotic sensitivity of Pediococcus pentosaceus, and the probiotic functions such as antioxidant, antiviral and immune regulation, and elaborate on the possible pathogenesis of infantile colic, the efficacy and potential mechanism of Pediococcus pentosaceus in the treatment of infantile colic, and the current situation of clinical research at home and abroad, in order to provide a scientific basis for Pediococcus pentosaceus in the treatment of infantile colic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powder, teosinte (Dioon mejiae) and Caesar’s mushroom (Amanita caesarea) flour have bioactive compounds with significant nutritional applications. This paper aimed to examine the influence of weevil, teosinte, and mushroom powders on the protease activity, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, and gastric juice resistance ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Acid tolerance was determined by adjusting the pH of MRS broth to 2.0 for L. acidophilus incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. Bile tolerance was determined by incorporating 0.3% of oxgall. Protease activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Resistance to 100 mg/L of lysozyme in an electrolyte solution was also determined. All ingredients were incorporated at 2% (w/v), while the control had no added ingredients. Acid and lysozyme tolerance were examined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of incubation, whereas bile tolerance was analyzed at 0, 4, and 8 h. Gastric juice tolerance was determined at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 during 0 and 30 min of incubation, while protease activity was evaluated at 0, 12, and 24 h. Use of weevil flour, and Caesar’s mushroom powder resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower counts for bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme resistance and simulated gastric juice tolerance characteristics. Protease activity increased with the use of teosinte flour. As such, this probiotic bacterium can be used alongside certain novel food sources at 2% concentration in the manufacture of fermented products such as yogurt.

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Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a phylogenetically diverse group with the ability to convert soluble carbohydrates into lactic acid. Many LAB have a long history of safe use in fermented foods and are recognized as food-grade microorganisms. LAB are also natural inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and have beneficial effects on health. Considering these properties, LAB have potential applications as biotherapeutic vehicles to delivery cytokines, antigens and other medicinal molecules. In this review, we summarize the development of, and advances in, genome manipulation techniques for engineering LAB and the expected future development of such genetic tools. These methods are crucial for us to maximize the value of LAB. We also discuss applications of the genome-editing tools in enhancing probiotic characteristics and therapeutic functionalities of LAB.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous studies have investigated the probiotic properties of L. plantarum subsp. plantarum Dad-13. Nevertheless, genomic sequence data from previous studies were not yet available to support each probiotic characteristic. This study focused on the complete genome sequence of the strain to validate its role in specific probiotic properties., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Emerging concern about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has limited the use of antibiotics in calves. Hence, there is a need to find suitable alternatives to antibiotics to manage gastrointestinal infections in neonatal calves. The objective of the present study was to develop a probiotic of calf-origin for its potential application in calf nutrition. Accordingly, 69 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from faeces of newborn calves, out of which 10 strains were short-listed for further in vitro testing based on the aggregation time and cell surface hydrophobicity. The results of acid-, bile- and phenol-tolerance tests indicated that out of the ten strains, the isolate CPN60 had better resistance to these adverse conditions likely to be encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. The isolate also showed an optimal ability to produce biofilm. Further assessments reiterated its superiority in terms of co-aggregation and antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the isolate was identified through 16S rRNA sequencing and sequence homology and designated as Ligilactobacillus salivarius CPN60. The candidate probiotic was evaluated in vivo using 48 male (5 weeks old) Wistar rats, divided into two equal groups viz. control (CON) and probiotic (PRO). During the 4-weeks feeding trial, the PRO group rats were gavaged with one mL culture of L. salivarius CPN60 equivalent to 108 CFU/rat. The in vivo trial results indicated better nutrient utilization efficiency and growth performance (p < 0.001) of the PRO group of rats. The probiotic supplementation improved the faecal concentration of lactate (p < 0.001) and individual as well as total short-chain fatty acids (p < 0.001) production. The cell-mediated immune response, assessed as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to phytohaemagglutinin-P, was improved (p < 0.001) in PRO compared to the CON rats. It is concluded that the calf-origin probiotic L. salivarius CPN60, in addition to possessing all the in vitro functional attributes of a candidate probiotic, also has desirable potential for its future use in young calves to promote gut health and immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and potential probiotic properties from the Sichuan sun-dried vinegar grains (Cupei), a traditional Chinese bran fermented vinegar. A total of 115 LAB strains were isolated from the Cupei , among which 33 inhibited both Gram-negative and Gram-positive indicator bacteria. Subsequently, 27 strains devoid of hemolytic and coagulase enzyme activity were selected for further evaluation of their probiotic properties and Lactobacillus plantarum SC27 was revealed as a potential probiotic strain, as it demonstrated notable gastrointestinal tolerance, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation ability, and multiple antibiotic sensitivity, and particularly noteworthy for broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Whole genome sequencing further unveiled that SC27 harbored bacteriocin gene clusters likely responsible for bacteriocin production, as well as an extensive variety of phosphotransferase system transporters facilitating its adaptability to diverse food substrates. In addition, based on the analysis of genes involved in antibiotic resistance, virulence factor, we speculated that SC27 is safe for application in food industry. Furthermore, the genomic analysis revealed several stress-response and adhesion-related genes, known to confer beneficial properties to probiotic bacteria. In conclusion, our comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analyses confirm the potential of SC27, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, as a probiotic used in food. • 115 LAB strains were isolated from Sichuan sun-dried vinegar grains (Cupei). • SC27 possess great probiotic properties and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. • Genome analysis revealed genes for carbon sources adaptation and stress response. • Genes for bacteriocin production were identified in the genome of SC27. • Our findings provide evidence for the application of SC27 in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the probiotic characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis SN21-3 were explored by genotype and phenotype, and the safety of this strain was evaluated in vitro and vivo. The complete genome sequence of E. faecalis SN21-3 revealed basic genetic information and corresponding genes underlying its probiotic characteristics. In vitro experiments were performed with E. faecalis SN21-3, which showed prominent antimicrobial activity and excellent abilities of resistance to simulated gastrointestinal fluid, cholesterol assimilation, adhesion, and antioxidant. In addition, E. faecalis SN21-3 was susceptible to the most common antimicrobial agents, did not contain transferable resistance gene and pathogenic gene, and did not perform haemolysis reactions and gelatinase activity in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that feeding E. faecalis SN21-3 to broilers for 28 days did not significantly affect their normal growth or blood biochemistry parameters. Moreover, H&E staining showed no evidence of lesions in the heart, liver, spleen, or kidney of the broilers. No migration of E. faecalis SN21-3 was observed in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, or blood samples during the feeding trial, indicating that the bacteria did not cause infections. In summary, E. faecalis SN21-3 exhibits numerous probiotic characteristics and is sufficiently safe for use as a novel animal probiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background There are still a large variety of microorganisms among aquatic animals, especially probiotic lactic acid bacteria in cold water fishes at high latitudes have not been fully developed. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of cold-adapted Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal tract of cold water fishes (Xinjiang) and select candidates to be used as new food preservative agents and/or probiotic additives in feeding of aquaculture. Results A total of 43 Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from 16 kinds of intestinal tract of cold-water fishes. They were characterized by phenotypic methods, identified using Rep-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as four species: Lactobacillus sakei (22 isolates), Lactobacillus plantarum (16 isolates), Lactobacillus casei (4 isolates) and Lactobacillus paracasei (1 isolate). The in vitro tests included survival in low pH and bile, antimicrobial activity (against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Listeria innocua), resistance to 15 antibiotics and hemolytic tests. Among all 43 lactobacilli isolates, the 22 isolates showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity against 6 different pathogenic strains. There were twenty isolates growing at optimal temperature ranging 16~20 °C, which were initially considered to be cold-adapted strains. Two (2) Lb. sakei strains and 2 Lb. plantarum strains demonstrated the highest survivability after 4 h of exposure at pH 2.0. Most of the tested strains cannot be cultured after exposed into 0.5% bile solution for 4 h, while 2 Lb. plantarum strains (E-HLM-3, CQ-CGC-2) and 1 Lb. sakei strain M-DGM-2 survived even at 2% bile concentration. In addition, the safety assessment showed that 22 strains without any detectable hemolytic activity and resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin), levofloxacin, aztreonam, amikacin and oxacillin, while all the studied lactobacilli showed sensitivity to or semi-tolerant to other antibiotics. Conclusions Based on all the experiments, 3 strains, including E-HLM-3, CQ-CGC-2, and M-DGM-2 might be a candidate of choice for using in the food preservative agents and/or probiotic additives in feeding of aquaculture.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a phylogenetically diverse group with the ability to convert soluble carbohydrates into lactic acid. Many LAB have a long history of safe use in fermented foods and are recognized as food-grade microorganisms. LAB are also natural inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and have beneficial effects on health. Considering these properties, LAB have potential applications as biotherapeutic vehicles to delivery cytokines, antigens and other medicinal molecules. In this review, we summarize the development of, and advances in, genome manipulation techniques for engineering LAB and the expected future development of such genetic tools. These methods are crucial for us to maximize the value of LAB. We also discuss applications of the genome-editing tools in enhancing probiotic characteristics and therapeutic functionalities of LAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, simultaneous evaluation for the survival ability of probiotic bacteria at (pH) 2.5, viability in the presence of pepsin-pancreatin, resistance to bile salt, Adhesion ability, bacterial resistance against antibiotic substances with measuring of minimum inhibitory concentration, auto-aggregation and coaggregation with interference of (Escherichia coli (NCTC 12900 O157:H7), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 13076) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATTC 7644)) were investigated. In the test of Acid tolerance, it was found that all the strains had high viability. Strains LF 56, LF 57, LF 55, O, F and strains LF 56, LF 57 and A7 showed that had the most resistant against pancreatin and in the presence of pepsin, respectively. Furthermore, all of the strains except LF56 were highly resistant to bile salts. Among the 19 strains, Lactobacillus gasseri had the highest adhesion ability (62.90%). Strain Lactobacillus plantarum LF 56 and Lactobacillus gasseri 54 C showed that had the highest potentials for autoaggregation and co-aggregation (75.31% and 33%) on three pathogens, respectively. Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were sensitive to the studied antibiotic substance. However, strains M8 and M11 were resistant to Kanamycin and Chloramphenicol, and also, LF 55 and D showed high resistance against Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol, respectively. It was, moreover, found that Kanamycin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol had no significant influence on strains 61. It was demonstrated that Lactobacillus gasseri had medium resistance to Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline, while Lactobacillus fermentum showed highly resistance to Ampicillin and Erythromycin. According to the results, Lactobacillus gasseri (54C,49A) gained the high scores in terms of probiotic properties as compared with other strains. Therefore, Lactobacillus gasseri can potentially protect epithelium tissue of intestine against pathogenic bacteria and it is a preferred candidate for prophylactic purposes, preventing of intestine infections and increasing of body immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented milk products are a major source of health-promoting microorganisms known as probiotics. To characterize the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Ghanaian traditionally fermented milk, thirty (30) isolates comprising Enterococcus faecium (1), Lactobacillus fermentum (14), Lb. plantarum (2) and Pediococcus acidilactici (13) identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were tested for survival at low pH (2.5) and bile salts (0.3% (w/v)), hydrophobicity, co-aggregation, auto-aggregation and antimicrobial activities against selected pathogens. Safety of potential probiotic bacteria was assessed by hemolytic activity on blood agar and susceptibility to nine different antibiotics. Majority (90%) of the strains showed survival rates above 80% at pH (2.5) and in bile salts (0.3% (w/v)). Hydrophobicity ranged from 5 to 61% while cell auto-aggregation ranged from 41 to 80% after 24 h. Co-aggregation with E. coli (3.7–43.9%) and S. Typhimurium (1.3–49.5%) were similar for the LAB strains at 24 h. Cell- free supernatants of all LAB strains inhibited E. coli while S. Typhimurium was not sensitive to cell-free supernatants of five Pd. acidilactici strains: OS24h20, OS18h3, OY9h19, OS9h8 and 24NL38. None of the LAB strains showed β-hemolysis but 38% of strains showed α-hemolysis. Susceptibilities to antibiotics were strain-specific; only four strains, two Lb. fermentum and two Pd. acidilactici were susceptible to all nine antibiotics tested. Based on high survival rates in bile salts, low pH and generally good hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and inhibitory activities, 15 out of 30 strains tested were considered qualified candidates for development of probiotic cultures for fermented milk products in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space mutation is an efficient tool in microbial breeding. The aim of the present study was to screen out space‐induced mutants of Lactobacillus plantarum with potent probiotic properties. The wild‐type Lactobacillus plantarum GS18 was subjected to 31 days and 18.5 hr of space flight, in which 13 isolates were selected for analysis. These mutants were assayed for milk fermentation performance, low pH resistance, bile salt tolerance, hydrophobicity, and antimicrobial activity. The 16S rDNA sequencing was applied to identify the stain and compare it with the wild type. Results showed that the isolate L. plantarum SS18–50 had the strongest probiotic properties with no mutation in 16S rRNA sequence compared to the wild type. Specifically, L. plantarum SS18–50 had good milk fermentation performance. The viscosity of fermented milk, acid tolerance, and bile salt tolerance were increased by approximately 10%, 8%, and 9%, respectively (p <.05). The antibacterial activity (Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria Monocytogenes) was also increased significantly compared to the wild type (p <.05). This study indicates that L. plantarum SS18–50 has the great potential to serve as a probiotic for dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the intestinal ecosystem of rainbow trout. Methods and Results: Among LAB isolates, 10 of them were selected and screened for resistance to acid and bile salts, pancreatin, sodium chloride and temperature, hydrophobicity, growth profile and antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens. Then, biosafety assessments were investigated. Selected LAB tolerated to gastrointestinal physiological conditions, pancreatin and a range of sodium chloride and temperature. They also exhibited hydrophobicity and showed antagonistic activity against Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that selected LAB belonged to the Lactococcus lactis (n = 5) and Weissella oryzae (n = 5) species. They exhibited no β‐haemolytic activity, while six selected LAB were resistant to some antibiotics. None of them harboured virulence factors. Conclusions: This study revealed probiotic characteristics of indigenous LAB isolated from the intestinal ecosystem of rainbow trout. However, further studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of these isolates as probiotics in aquaculture. Significance and Impact of the Study: To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the presence of probiotic candidates belonging to W. Oryzae was confirmed in fish intestinal microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lactobacillus gasseri JM1, a novel strain isolated from infant feces, exhibited common probiotic properties such as high acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and adhesion to epithelial Caco-2 cells, suggesting its ability to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and confer potential probiotic action on the host. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of L. gasseri JM1 and explore the underlying signaling pathways in vitro. The results showed that pretreatment with L. gasseri JM1 alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response, as evidenced by downregulation of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines [ IL1B , IL6 , IL8 , and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA)] and upregulation of genes encoding anti-inflammatory cytokines [ IL4 , IL10 , transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFB3), and IFNG ]. A high level of gene expression was noted for toll-like receptor 2 and NOD-like receptor 2. Meanwhile, transcriptomic sequencing obtained 84 differentially expressed genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway was activated by L. gasseri JM1 in Caco-2 cells. Inhibitor of PI3K/Akt played various roles in the release of cytokines, indicating that the pathway was involved in protecting the host against lipopolysaccharide stress. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing revealed fundamental genetic properties of L. gasseri JM1 and provided clues for probiotic characteristics. In summary, the strain could exert immunomodulatory effects via the toll-like receptor 2 and NOD2-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and be regarded as a potential probiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objectives of this research project were isolation, identification, and evaluation of the safety aspect and probiotics properties of 21 Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from sausages originated from southeastern Serbia. Results: Analyzed E. faecium isolates showed tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. All the examined isolates grew well on media with 0.1% and 0.2% of phenol. None of the tested isolates were histamine-producers, while the synthesis of tyramine was observed for E. faecium sk8-1 and sk8-17. Full resistance to antibiotics was not observed for any examined isolate of E. faecium (penicillin, amoxicillin, and ofloxacin showed the effect on all tested isolates). An inhibition zone against examined pathogens was exhibited by all strains, with the largest inhibition zone against Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp. and E. coli (12–30 mm/MIC values ranged from 0.5 to 12 mg mL−1). Conclusion: The results indicated that E. faecium isolates from spontaneously fermented sausage showed a potential for further investigation and possible application as probiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)