Search

Understanding the predictor of learning achievement among college students is crucial to adopting the appropriate learning strategy. Academic buoyancy is one of the predictors of learning achievement, playing a vital role in helping students navigate academic setbacks and adversities. However, the previous studies failed to reveal a robust link between the two variables. Therefore, this study aims to explain the nexus between academic buoyancy and students' learning achievement more clearly by introducing the mediating variable, motivational constructs, which include selfefficacy, persistence, and anxiety. This study involved 493 college students in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to examine the research hypotheses. The results show that academic buoyancy directly affects learning achievement. Furthermore, motivational constructs (self-efficacy, persistence, and anxiety) significantly mediate the relationship between academic buoyancy and learning achievement. This study contributes to the literature by explaining how academic buoyancy affects learning achievement through motivational constructs as a mediating variable. Furthermore, the university must promote students' academic buoyancy and motivational constructs by providing counseling services and encouraging students to recognize and address the adversities during lecture activities.

Inclusiveness is a principle of our current school system. Inclusive education should ensure equal learning opportunities for all, avoid stigmatising differences, and accept diversity in pupils. The goals are promising, but the implementation of inclusive education is a wicked problem intertwined with student, teacher, school community and wider societal factors that are difficult to manage and reconcile. Can the goals of inclusive education to be achieved or will inclusiveness of schools lead to a situation where the conditions for learning, school practices and teaching resources are further stretched and learning for all becomes more narrowly focused? This article examines inclusive education as a wicked problem and how this perspective can aid in managing the inclusive education challenge at hand and how systemic design approach and service design can tackle these challenges. There will be provided four practical challenges where the proposed approaches and tools can be especially useful.

This research article is about "Introducing a Supportive Framework to Address Students' Misconceptions and Difficulties in Learning Mathematical proof techniques (MPT): A Case of Debark University". This study aims to develop, introduce, and implement a supportive framework to overcome students' misconceptions and difficulties in MPT. The framework, named IR[superscript 2]CP[superscript 2]CE, was developed, introduced, and implemented at Debark University in Ethiopia using various data-gathering instruments such as questionnaires, interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis from students and instructors. The study collected data over four months, including the implementation of a supportive framework using mixed, quasi-experimental, and pragmatism research approaches, designs, and paradigms respectively. The internal reliability of the data-gathering instruments was interpreted using Cronbach's coefficient, Spearman-Brown, Spearman correlations, Kuder-Richardson 20 and 21, and difficulty and discrimination indices. The results showed that the implementation of the supportive framework led to significant improvements in students' academic performance in MPT, regardless of factors such as gender, academic year category, and preliminary knowledge and proving skills. This study recommends additional imperatives for practice and future research.

The document analysis method was used in the current study conducted to investigate the complaints against educational institutions and their stakeholders. To this end, the data obtained within the framework of the research questions were coded and categorized by using the descriptive analysis technique in the study, in which a total of two hundred documents and records of complaint made through various platforms were examined. When the findings obtained in the current study were examined, it was found that primary and middle schools are the types of schools that were subjected to the greatest number of complaints. At the same time, when the subjects of the complaints were examined, the subjects of hygiene-cleaning and physical conditions were found to be the most prominent subjects of complaints directed to the school itself and the subjects of physical, psychological and verbal violence against students, low grades given to students and indifference towards students were found to be the most prominent subjects of complaints directed to teachers. On the other hand, it was found that from among the subjects of complaints directed to the school administration, demands for donation, subscription fee and supplementary materials came to the fore and that from among the subjects of complaints directed to school principals, mobbing came to the fore. In addition to these, it was also found that the behaviours and attitudes of school service personnel, canteen food safety and high canteen prices, and violence and bullying among students are also the subjects of complaints.

The aim of this study was to develop students' chemical literacy by integrating dilemma stories into a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) project on petroleum. Chemical literacy can help students face future challenges by applying what they learn about chemistry subjects at school to solve problems in their daily lives. A qualitative research method was employed that included interviews, observations, reflective journals, chemical literacy tests, and student activity sheets, as data collection tools. Thirty six secondary school students participated in the research using a project-based approach consisting of five steps: value reflection, problem-solving, project monitoring and evaluation, project development, and transformation. This study used four chemical literacy components according to Shwartz, Ben-Zvi and Hofstein (2006) namely scientific and chemical content knowledge, characteristics of chemistry, chemistry in context, higher-order learning skills, and affective aspect. STEAM integrated with dilemmas stories provides opportunities for students to develop chemical literacy through value reflection, problem solving, and STEAM project. This study uses a dilemma story to understand chemistry concepts whereby students can develop a project by integrating chemistry and STEAM principles. The STEAM Project involved making alternative fuel to find a solution to a problem presented in the dilemma story. The researchers were challenged by the need to find a suitable chemistry-based dilemma story to integrate with a STEAM project while also empowering students and managing time resources.

This research is the scenarios of educational administration of secondary schools in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031) by using EDFR research techniques, The research objectives were 1) To study the current conditions and problems of educational administration of secondary schools in Thailand 2) To study the scenarios of educational administration of secondary school in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031). The research results can be summarized as follows: I) The current state and problems of educational administration of the secondary school in Thailand overall practice is at a high level when considering each aspect, there are practices at a high level in all 8 aspects: 1) Planning and quality assurance 2) Academic affairs 3) Student affairs 4) Human resources 5) Administrative work 6) Finance and supplies 7) Building and environment services and 8) Community work and affiliate networks. As for the educational administration problems in Thai secondary schools, the overall practice is at a low level, when considering each aspect, there is a low level of practice in all 8 aspects: 1) Planning and quality assurance 2) Academic affairs 3) Student affairs, 4) Human resources, 5) Administrative work, 6) Finance and supplies, 7) Building and environment services, and 8) Community and affiliate networks. II) The scenarios of educational administration of the secondary school in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031) have 49 possible trends as follows: 1) Planning and Quality assurance 7 trends 2) Academic affairs 11 trends 3) Student affairs 8 trends 4) Human resources, 9 trends, 5) Administrative, 4 trends, 6) Finance and supplies, 5 trends, 7) Building and environment services, 3 trends, and 8) Community and affiliate network 2 trends.

This article broadens the knowledge about the experience of academics in relation to how the internationalization of research has changed in a southern country and tensions that have risen depending on the different disciplines. This work resulted from interviews and documentary data collected mainly through semi-structured interviews with 57 administrators (including University rectors, provosts, vice-rectors and deans from multiple disciplines) who had been involved in developing the research strategies. Findings suggest that trends between disciplines differ notoriously. Publishing in foreign countries is more likely to happen to academics from hard sciences. Social sciences and humanities' research activities are often performed in books and book chapters. This translates into an initial disadvantage for social sciences in terms of internationalization since the result of their work is often less visible abroad than scientific indexed papers. This difference might be problematic if used as an indicator of academic productivity and recognition without considering disciplinary differences, especially in countries where research capacities and internationalization are still under development.

There is a well-documented interdependency between destructive interparental conflict (IPC) and parenting difficulties (i.e., spillover effect), yet little is known about the mechanisms that "carry" spillover between IPC and parenting. Guided by a cascade model framework, the current study used a longitudinal, multimethod, multi-informant design to examine a process model of spillover that tested whether parental executive functioning (working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control) served as a mediator of the prospective associations between IPC and subsequent changes in parenting over a 2-year period. Mothers and fathers were separated into differentiated models and multiple domains of parenting were examined (i.e., authoritarian discipline and scaffolding behavior). Participants included 231 families (both mothers and fathers of preschoolers). Race was reported as White (62%), Black (21%), Mixed (8%), Asian (3%), or Other (6%) and 14% considered their ethnicity to be Hispanic/Latino. Median household income was $65,000. Results indicated that for fathers, IPC indirectly predicted domain-general parenting difficulties (increased authoritarian parenting and decreased scaffolding) via deficits in paternal cognitive flexibility (but not inhibitory control or working memory). In mothers, IPC directly predicted domain-specific parenting difficulties (decreased scaffolding only) that did not operate via maternal executive functions. Notably, these effects occurred over and above the influence of parental socioeconomic status. This study constitutes a first step toward documenting parental executive functioning as a mechanism underlying the spillover of IPC to the parent-child relationship. Family interventions intended to interrupt IPC spillover should emphasize father involvement and consider targeting parental executive functions as change mechanisms.

This was an exploratory cross-sectional study comparing 45 children with ASD to 24 typically developing drug-naïve controls, group-matched on age, sex, and body mass index. Objective data was obtained using the following: an ambulatory circadian monitoring device; saliva samples to determine dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): and three parent-completed measures: the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R); and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28). The CBCL and RBS-R scales showed the highest scores amongst poor sleepers with ASD. Sleep fragmentation was associated with somatic complaints and self-injury, leading to a higher impact on family life. Sleep onset difficulties were associated with withdrawal, anxiety, and depression. Those with phase advanced DLMO had lower scores for "somatic complaints"; "anxious/depressed" state; and "social problems", suggesting that this phenomenon has a protective role.

Childhood adversity can have detrimental impacts on life course mental and physical health. Timing, nature, severity, and chronicity of adversity are thought to explain much of the variability in health and developmental outcomes among exposed individuals. The current study seeks to characterize heterogeneity in adverse experiences over time at the individual, family, and neighborhood domains in a cohort of predominantly Black children (85% Black and 15% White, 46.2% girls, 67.2% free/reduced lunch in first grade), and to examine associations with mental health from sixth grade to age 26. Participants were part of a randomized universal preventive interventions trial in first grade with prospective follow-up through early adulthood. Separate models characterized heterogeneity in adversity in elementary, middle, and high schools. Changes in adversity over time and relationships with mental health (anxiety, depression, suicidal behaviors) were investigated using a random-intercept latent transition analysis (RI-LTA). We identified three-class solutions in early childhood, middle school, and high school. Generally, both a higher and a lower poly-adversity class were observed at each time point, with varying nature of adversity characterized by the third class. RI-LTA indicated prevalent within-individual changes in adverse exposure over time and differential associations with mental health and suicidal behaviors. Results suggest that treating adverse exposures as a static construct may limit the ability to characterize salientvariation over time. Identifying complexity in adverse experiences and their relation to health and well-being is key for developing and implementing effective prevention and early intervention efforts to mitigate negative effects through the life course.

Preventing mentor-mentee relationships from ending prematurely is important because an early or unanticipated closure could lead to negative youth outcomes. In this study, the reasons for premature closure of a community-based mentoring program for youth with a visual impairment (VI) are studied. Data from 44 prematurely ended mentor-mentee pairs were analyzed; all mentees (M age = 18.5, SD = 1.92) and 23 of the mentors had VI. Logbook data with two types of transcribed semi-structured interviews were thematically coded line-by-line. Frequencies of coded responses provided insight into the most frequently reported reasons and the most frequently reported problems. Chi-square analyses were conducted to study differences between matches in the two conditions (i.e., matches containing mentors with or without VI). Regardless of the condition, premature closure was primarily initiated by mentees, and the most common cause was reported to be due to deficiencies in mentors' relationship skills. Matches with a mentor with VI experienced more problems within one domain of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) model. These results show that additional pre-match mentor and supplementary mentee training are needed to increase relationship success in mentoring programs serving youth with VI.

Writing an undergraduate thesis will inevitably encounter various obstacles and problems. A high adversity quotient is needed to complete an undergraduate thesis. Other psychological abilities need to be analyzed in relation to increasing the adversity quotient. The aim of this study is to analyze other factors that affected the adversity quotient in compiling an undergraduate thesis. The cross-sectional design was conducted on 110 students who were preparing their undergraduate thesis. Respondent characteristics (gender), intrinsic motivation, adversity quotient, self-directed learning readiness (SDLR), and anxiety were measured for all respondents. The results of the analysis showed that the adversity quotient was significantly associated with intrinsic motivation, SDLR, and anxiety, but not with gender. The strength of the relationship of all these factors is ranged from very weak to weak. The conclusion of this study is the adversity quotient is one of the individual responses to a certain situation or condition. Correlation between these factors describes that all factors appear in responses to the situation or conditions. However, these factors do not play a role in increasing a person's adversity quotient.

Scientific journals play a critical role in disseminating knowledge, and staying up to date with research findings in a particular field can be challenging given the vast number of journals and research topics available. Therefore, there is a need for researchers to occasionally summarize the main research topics in order to help fellow researchers navigate the contents more effectively. In this context, this article aims to review the research topics published in the Problems of Education in the 21st Century journal between 2018 and 2022. A total of 285 abstracts were retrieved from the Web of Science database and analyzed to identify the most common research topics and the contributing countries. The top 10 research topics identified were self-efficacy, distance education, professional development, critical thinking, foreign language, thinking skills, COVID-19, academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and special education. The authors of the papers came from 62 countries, with most of the papers coming from Türkiye, South Africa, Indonesia, Brazil, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Malaysia, Sweden, Lithuania, and Serbia. In conclusion, this study highlights the relevance and diversity of research topics in the Problems of Education in the 21st Century journal, underscoring the need for a nuanced, context-specific approach to education research. The findings of this study have important implications for researchers, policymakers, and educators seeking to address the key challenges and opportunities facing education in the 21st century.

Hardships of educators can be evaluated in line with the environmental conditions they work and live in. In particular, the hardships experienced by classroom teachers who work in villages are noticeable. In addition, the difficulties faced by female teachers grow even more during their Professional life. This study aims at analyzing the problems of female teachers who work in the villages of some provinces in the eastern and south eastern part of Turkey. The participants were selected using the criterion sampling method, and was composed of 30 female teachers in various villages of Diyarbakir, Van, Gaziantep and Kahramanmaras provinces in the 2021-2022 school year. In the study, the structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative data collection techniques was utilized. The obtained data were analyzed via the content analysis method. The results have revealed that female teachers generally do not experience problems with the villagers, but their teaching performance is negatively affected due to various other reasons such as accommodation, transportation, heating and poor living conditions.

This article reports on some of the findings from a doctoral research project that explored how the vocationally interested and vocationally disinterested pre-service teachers in selected teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe experienced transformative learning. Through multiple-site case study and qualitative approach within an interpretive paradigm, guided by Mezirow's ten-phase Transformative Learning Theory, the study sought to understand the pre-service teacher transformative learning experiences. The study employed a multi-modal approach which involved focus group discussions, individual face to face interviews and continuum drawing and discussions to generate data from a purposive sample of 40 participants. Findings suggest that, both vocationally interested and vocationally disinterested pre-service teachers experienced transformative learning through two avenues: disorienting dilemmas and learning experiences. The findings also suggested that while the majority of pre-service teachers experienced transformative learning, a few did not experience transformation. We argue that if vocationally disinterested pre-service teachers are to transform during teacher training, vocational supports should be built into processes and activities to purposefully cushion their transformative paths, given the lack of interest in teaching at the start of the course.

The current study aimed to investigate the problems of English language teaching in Turkey from the perspectives of pre-service English language teachers. For this aim, qualitative data were collected from fifteen 4th year preservice language teachers. Reflection papers and semi structured interviews were used in the data collection process. Based on the content analysis technique, themes and codes were formed. According to the participants, there are problems with teacher education program, teachers, learners, assessment, curriculum, and context in English language teaching in Turkey. Excessive number of education faculties and teacher candidates, no standardization among ELT departments, divergence between theory and practice, insufficient teaching practicum, absence of assessing communicative skills in YKS, unvaried assessment tools, washback effect, test anxiety, course hours, inflexible curriculum, lack of extracurricular activities, inappropriate course books, non-communicative activities, high amount of L1 use, lack of teacher autonomy, demotivation, unwillingness, fear of making mistakes and anxiety, lack of interaction, lack of self-confidence, discipline issues, crowded classes, inadequate physical and technological resources, and audit gap were stated by the preservice teachers as some of the problems of English language teaching in Turkey. The findings were discussed in line with the previous findings and educational implications were offered.

This study examines how the earthquake that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Kahramanmaras, Turkey, has affected educational activities in the region. The research utilized questionnaires to survey teachers and gather information about the main problems they experienced after the earthquake and their solution suggestions. The findings provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers to tackle the challenges teachers and students face after a natural disaster. The study employed a basic qualitative research design within qualitative research methods. The study group comprised 42 volunteer teachers from eleven different Turkish provinces at various education levels who experienced the February 6, 2023, earthquake centered in Kahramanmaras and participated in educational activities in the same area following the earthquake. The group of research participants was selected through easily accessible case sampling, one of the types of purposeful sampling. The data collected underwent content analysis. As per the study results, teachers detected issues that have arisen after the earthquake in the realms of educational infrastructure, psychosocial well-being, security, communication, and other factors. They then devised individual and collaborative solutions to address these challenges. Additionally, the study discussed the proposed solutions of teachers for addressing the psychosocial issues that students face in the aftermath of an earthquake. It provides crucial insights for comprehending the problems in post-earthquake education and extending support to students. Teachers' recommendations for enhancing earthquake education and awareness can significantly aid future preparedness and crisis management.

This paper seeks to investigate how, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the work proposals directed by the government unfolded in the pedagogical practices of basic education teachers in Paraná/Brazil in emergency remote teaching. For that, the case study was used as a method, with a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data. The qualitative analysis of the regulations took place through descending hierarchical classification (CHD), word cloud generator and similitude analysis, as well as through the descriptive analysis of the data from the application of a questionnaire to 78 basic education teachers. The results showed a gap between the main regulations issued by the federal and state public authorities that affect basic education in Paraná in the emergency period due to COVID-19 and the teaching practice of teachers, as well as the problems faced in the pedagogical/administrative support that these teachers received. Finally, the information presented in this study proved to be significant to understand the complexity of the educational problems that were intensified and others that emerged, due to remote teaching.

The identification of suitable topics in action research can be challenging due to the complex nature of the educational context and the diverse factors that influence problem identification processes. This qualitative multi-case study explores problem identification among pre-service teachers involved in action research (AR). Twenty-nine participants (pre-service teachers, university-based supervisors, and school mentors) from two South American (Colombia and Chile) initial Foreign Language Teacher Education programs were interviewed on problem identification origins and influential factors. The study also used document analysis of program curricula, course programs, syllabi, and standards for the foreign language teaching profession across contexts. Thematic analysis suggests that problem identification has both bottom-up and top-down sources, and it is influenced by the prescriptive and facilitative roles of mentors and supervisors, the pre-service teachers' research competences, and a series of contextual factors. We discuss the results along with integrated data, point out several critical issues for action research in initial L2 teacher education and introduce a set of considerations to facilitate processes of problem identification.

In language classrooms, listening is considered a problematic skill for various reasons. The uncontrollable nature of speech's speed of delivery plays a major role in these issues. Tight teacher control over the audio input creates even more unfavorable conditions for listeners to sufficiently absorb input. This study explores the positive effects of self-regulating the audio on listening comprehension problems of foreign language (FL) listeners. Thirty Flemish secondary school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Belgium participated in a quasi-experimental design in which the control group (N = 16) worked in pairs and listened to the audio input twice, while the experiment group (N = 14), also working in pairs, had the option to regulate the audio input. Despite having a common listening proficiency level (A2), a qualitative analysis reveals that there are prominent differences in the significance and frequency of listening comprehension problems between pairs with and without the self-regulation option. By documenting the listening problems students experience and self-regulation's effect on them, the current study illustrates the possible benefits of more autonomy for listeners and suggests new insights into listening education from linguistic and pedagogical perspectives.

Educators and caregivers can foster emotional wellbeing, growth, and resilience, contributing to a fulfilling and balanced adulthood by providing positive childhood experiences (PCEs). PCEs protect the brain and promote healing for people who have experienced adverse childhood environments (ACEs). In the presence of PCEs, adverse experiences in childhood do not always result in lifelong poor mental health. Knowing that PCEs can prevent ACEs, block toxic stress, and promote healing, the HOPE framework incorporates PCEs alongside ACEs. HOPE (Healthy Outcomes from Positive Experiences) is a framework that changes the way service providers engage with children and families. This article examines how the HOPE National Resource Center is transforming systems to create a research-based structured approach to care through PCEs.

Background: To prepare engineers who can address complex sociotechnical problems, a deep understanding of engineers' complex problem-solving approaches is needed. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study operationalizes comprehensive systems thinking as an analysis framework that attends to aspects of engineering work and relationships among those aspects. Leveraging this framework to analyze engineers' complex problem-solving approaches enables attention to social and technical dimensions. Design/Method: We interviewed 46 engineers about their specific complex problem-solving experiences. To explore a range of perspectives, we purposely sampled participants with varying academic, professional, and personal backgrounds and experiences. Data analysis focused on operationalizing comprehensive systems thinking; we first developed a set of aspects that captured the variety of considerations that participants discussed in their descriptions of solving a complex problem. We then inductively developed a scoring guide to differentiate response quality. Results: The scoring approach differentiated the quality of consideration based on a combination of the number of details provided, the degree of specificity, and analytical depth. While most participants discussed the consideration of a wide range of aspects of engineering work, they discussed far fewer possible relationships between these aspects. Contextual aspects of engineering work were consistently the least commonly identified and least likely to be considered in relation to other aspects of a given problem. Conclusions: Our differentiation of various complex problem-solving approaches can guide the development of educational interventions and tools, ultimately facilitating more comprehensive consideration of aspects--and in particular relationships among aspects--and setting up engineers to be more successful at developing appropriate solutions.

Lesson study (LS), a teacher-oriented, student-focused professional development (PD) approach that originated in Japan, has spread globally. However, existing literature on the implementation of LS and its effectiveness provides inconsistent results, suggesting a need to review current research on LS. With a focus on LS in mathematics education, we examined 75 recent LS studies using Lewis's (ZDM Mathematics Education 48:571-580, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-016-0792-x) framework to understand how LS is implemented and the pathways by which LS can impact teaching practice and student learning. We found that new developments have taken place in LS implementation, although challenges persist throughout its process. Regarding the implementation of LS, even though the examined LS studies generally contained four phases (study, plan, teach, and reflect), we found many LS lacked a research question, and the study of teaching materials was sometimes invisible. Across phases, studies shared a consensus that it is most critical to focus on students' thinking and learning, yet reported challenges in maintaining this focus. In addition, the role of knowledgeable others (KOs) was recognized but inconsistently understood. Collaboration was also widely reported as a challenge. Finally, there were large variations in LS duration, with some LS implementing overly brief cycles. Regarding LS impact, the literature has more frequently reported changes in teachers' knowledge and beliefs and less frequently in curriculum, learning community/professional norms, teaching practice, and student learning outcomes. The above challenges reflect a need for culturally relevant systemic support for developing sustainable and large-scale LS. We suggest future directions for continued research and practice improvement.

Laboratory learning in the life sciences is historically centered around following recipe-like instructions to complete activities with defined outcomes. The American Association for the Advancement of Science's "Vision and Change" report has called for a change in science teaching. The report emphasizes the importance of providing research experiences for students and the need to foster discovery, collaboration, and communication of science by students. In recent years, the course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) has been introduced into science pedagogy. CUREs provide authentic, inquiry-based research experiences to undergraduate students from all backgrounds. There is evidence that CUREs produce students who have more concrete science identities, improved interdisciplinary collaboration and communication skills, and better understanding of the process of doing science compared with traditional courses. Students who participate in CUREs may be more likely than students without an authentic research experience to continue in the sciences. CUREs are often offered as single courses, but multi-semester CUREs increase the potential for undergraduate students to publish and present their science and benefit faculty supporters and their institutions. CUREs have revolutionized laboratory learning in the life sciences. In this article, we offer a review of current literature on the benefits and limitations of CUREs.

Teacher educators are charged with supporting adult learners as they prepare to collaborate with diverse families and colleagues. In this research, we examined how a cohort of teacher candidates (N = 29) developed over a semester in their understanding, dispositions, and knowledge of strategies for partnership through the "dilemmas" writing assignments using a Grounded Theory approach. The assignment and range of responses from teacher candidates are described, as are implications for teacher educators in helping candidates develop and articulate an anti-bias praxis and build an understanding of their ethical commitment as early childhood professionals to promote equity.

This study examines two longstanding but thinly evidenced claims regarding credentialing requirements for teachers in the early grades (pre-K, K, 1, 2, and 3): 1) that elementary education (ELED) educator standards, under which many U.S. early grade teachers are prepared, address early instructional practices less adequately than early childhood education (ECE) guidelines; and 2) that states' ECE educator standards often inadequately address essential features of early instruction. Content analysis is used to examine how frequently state and national ECE and ELED educator standards referred to the following essential ECE terms: development, community, family, exceptionality, observation, play, relationships, adversity, and self-regulation. The results provide empirical support for the claims investigated here. Specifically, the data indicate that essential ECE terms are mentioned less often and insufficiently emphasized and/or omitted more often: 1) by ELED than ECE educator standards and 2) by state-level than national-level ECE standards. For example, the results indicate that 17 states have ECE educator preparation standards that do not refer to play or adversity; and 27 states have ELED standards, for licenses that include the early grades, that do not mention play or self-regulation. Policy implications are discussed.

Policy makers increasingly call on higher education to prepare learners for challenges such as global health emergencies or ecological crises. These can be understood as 'wicked problems', which are unbounded, complex and resist simplistic definition. Wicked problems involve stakeholders with incompatible value positions and attempted solutions can result in unforeseen outcomes. How academics stay committed to teaching about such challenging topics -- despite the many difficulties of contemporary higher education -- is an under-researched area. In this study, we interviewed academics who were deeply engaged with teaching about wicked problems. We drew on the concepts of landscapes of practice, boundary work and academic identities to make sense of the teachers' persistence and practices in this space. We conclude with advice for policy makers on how to support academics in this work.

Sleep problems are common in autistic children and adversely impact daytime functioning. Knowledge of predictive factors could help with treatment and prevention of these problems. This study aimed to determine predictors of sleep problems among young autistic children. Study cohorts consisted of autistic children aged 2-5 years who did not have sleep problems at a first visit and had sleep measure data available at a subsequent visit. Sleep problems for five study cohorts were defined by different methods: Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire with two cutoff scores (41 and 48; cohort n = 101 and 204, respectively), Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire--autism derived cutoff score (35; n = 188), and parent- (n = 205) or clinician- (n = 252) report. Separate predictive models of sleep problems were developed in each cohort using multivariable logistic regression with final model predictors determined by backward elimination selection. Model performance was evaluated. Two of the five models had both adequate discrimination and calibration performance predicting (1) Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire score [greater than or equal to] 48 and (2) Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire--autism score [greater than or equal to] 35. In both models, self-injurious behavior, sensory issues, dental problems, and lower primary caregiver education level were significant risk factors of future sleep problems. These predictors may be useful in helping clinicians provide prevention strategies or early intervention for children who are at a higher risk of developing sleep problems.

Autistic children experience a high rate of sleep problems, which have been associated with maternal mental health difficulties. However, the directionality of these relationships has received little attention. The extent to which children's sleep problems influence maternal mental health difficulties and vice versa remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationships between the sleep problems of autistic children and maternal mental health difficulties over 12 years. Six biennial waves of longitudinal data from when children were 4 to 5 years old were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The sample comprised 397 child-mother dyads. Maternal mental health was assessed with the Kessler-6, while sleep problems were assessed through a series of questions relating to common sleep problems in children. The results demonstrated significant bidirectional effects between maternal mental health and child sleep problems at key developmental transition time points. Specifically, when children transitioned from preschool to primary school and again when the children transitioned from primary school to high school. These findings highlight the need for increased support for both the child and mother at these critical time points to reduce the negative impact of maternal psychological distress on child sleep problems and vice versa.

The purpose of this research is to determine the difficulties experienced in foreign language education at the university due to the transition from face-to-face education to distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The population of the research includes undergraduate and graduate students studying German and English (teaching-literature-translation) in the spring term of 2020-2021. The sample consists of 294 students from this population who answered the online survey. In the research, a questionnaire consisting of 5 personal information questions and the "distance education problems scale" developed by the researchers were used. The scale consists of 53 items in 6 subscales. The data were collected using the google academic survey on the internet. In addition to descriptive statistics, t-test technique was used for intergroup comparisons in the analysis of the data. Students of foreign language departments think that the distance education method is not successful in foreign language teaching.

The present phenomenological study aims to understand, through images and metaphors, how senior class teaching majors perceive their studies at the faculty of education. The study group was assembled via criterion sampling, a method of purposive sampling. The study group consists of 12 senior class teaching majors (10 females and 2 males) from the education faculty of a Turkish public university during the 2017-2018 academic year (10 females and 2 males). The data was gathered through focus group meetings and analyzed using content and descriptive analysis techniques. All prospective teachers are concerned about passing the KPSS recruitment exam, according to the study. They used metaphors such as "a dark figure in front of a blackboard, a dark figure pondering, a dark figure inside and out, a dark figure of a group of hopeless students, a figure with a split face, a figure with question marks in his mind, and a student figure with confusion." Half of the participants stated that recruitment tests should be made fairer, while nearly the same number stated that pedagogical training for teaching certification should be eliminated and the teaching profession should be valued. In addition to expressing concerns about social pressure and oppression, the participants requested that they be respected by society and not oppressed.

This article explores the educational processes of the high-school youth and higher education youth of parents who were imprisoned following the coup attempt in Turkey in July 2016. Data was collected from parents who are involved in their children's education and who have been subjected to political persecution. The research is focused on educational processes with respect to students' academic success, psychological problems, and changes to moral and universal values, all from the point of view of the parents. The main conclusions seem to be that the majority of students whose parents were imprisoned had to change their schools, their academic success decreased, the students who continued their higher education were prolonged or had to leave their schools, and the majority of them did not have serious psychological problems. Finally, the sense of injustice they felt when their parents were arrested, students seem to question universal and moral values.

The purpose of this research is to determine the problems faced by the teachers who give vocational courses during their vocational practice. A semi-structured interview form was used in order to collect the data required for the research. The research is a qualitative study and it was carried out in order to determine the opinions of teachers about the problems encountered in vocational education. The case study method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. All the data obtained in the research were analyzed by coding with the content analysis method. The study group of the research consists of a total of 30 vocational course teachers, 21 male and 9 female, working in state vocational high schools in the central districts of Hatay province in the 2020-2021 academic year, and they participated in the research on a voluntary basis. In the research, one conclusion was that the students who receive vocational education have sufficient skills for business life, albeit partially, that students sometimes have difficulties in adapting to the work discipline, and that there may be problems due to cognitive, affective and psychomotor, that is, individual characteristics, especially during internship training. In addition, in the research, it can be concluded that practical training should be carried out with a wider scope, physical facilities should be improved by giving more importance to vocational high schools, and students should be admitted to vocational education institutions with aptitude tests.

The study aimed to identify the academic problems facing high achieving students in Jordanian universities. The study sample consisted of (353) randomly selected high achieving male and female students from graduate and Bachelor's degrees at Amman Arab University and Balqa Applied University, who obtained a cumulative GPA of 3.7/4 or higher. The researchers followed the descriptive approach, and developed a scale that mainly focused on the following areas (studying problems, emotional problems, problems related to future professional choices, social problems, and family problems). The results indicated that academic problems are the most common problems among high achieving students, which affect them moderately, whereas family problems affect them the least. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of ([alpha]=0.05) due to gender and college variables, and a statistically significant difference at the level of ([alpha]=0.05) due to the degree variable in favor of bachelors. Also, differences appeared in emotional problems in favor of females and in studying problems in favor of high achieving students in scientific colleges.

Smart phones have permeated every part of people's lives in the mobile internet era and are virtually taken for granted on a daily basis. Chinese primary school students are facing a serious problem with mobile gaming addiction as a result of their easy access to cell phones. The excessive usage of mobile games has negative impacts on children's academic performance, physical health, and mental health, and may possibly have severe, irreversible implications. It is crucial for educators and the general public to address the issue of mobile game addiction in primary school students. This article examined the current state of mobile gaming among primary school students and the negative effects of mobile game addiction on schoolchildren, looked at the contributing factors from the perspectives of students, parents, schools, and society, and suggested some coping mechanisms.

The present study aimed to determine the knowledge levels secondary school students have on ecosystem, biodiversity, and environmental problems within the context of a science class and to identify the relationship between their knowledge levels on these subjects according to gender and science course grades. The study applied the survey design, a quantitative research method. The participants for the study included 400 eighth-grade students from a public secondary school in Ankara, Turkey during the 2018-2019 academic year. The Ecosystem, Biodiversity, and Environmental Problems Achievement Test (EBET) was used to collect the study data, and SPPS 17 software was used for data analysis. The students' responses to EBET were evaluated based on Bloom's Original taxonomy. The results revealed that the students had no difficulty in answering knowledge and comprehension questions, partial difficulty in answering application questions, and great difficulty in answering analysis questions. There was a positive, moderately significant relationship between the students' science course grades and their scores on the knowledge and comprehension questions; however, no significant relationship was found between their science course grades and their scores on application and analysis questions. Regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of science course grades on the knowledge levels of ecosystem, biodiversity and environmental problems. The students' knowledge and comprehension scores varied significantly by gender in favor of the female students, whereas their application and analysis scores did not vary significantly by gender.

This research is a qualitative case study that examines the problems experienced by school principals in the Reyhanli district of Hatay Province in the education of Syrian students and their possible solutions. The sample of the research consists of the principals of 12 schools with the highest number of Syrian students in the Reyhanli district of Hatay Province, using the criterion sampling technique. The data related to the research were obtained from the answers given to the questions prepared by the researcher. The data were subjected to content analysis and results were obtained under two main headings ("Problems Experienced with Syrian Students in Secondary Schools and Solution Suggestions for Syrian Students' Problems") and 4 themes ("communicative, disciplinary, psychological and sociological"). According to the results obtained, school principals stated that they had problems in communication (specifically, "the language problem") and discipline, student and parents' adaptation to school, and identity information confusion in the e-school in the schools where they work. School principals stated that these problems stemmed from the deteriorated population structure in Reyhanli, and for this reason, reducing the Syrian population in Reyhanli by evenly distributing it to other provinces and districts may be the solution. They suggested that it would be beneficial to increase the number of Turkish courses, the number of Turkish lessons and at the same time cultural adaptation activities to solve the language problem. In the sociological dimension, a proposal was made for the integration of e-school with the population directorate.

This study aims to investigate the educational problems of refugee students of Syrian origin. It is a qualitative research designed as a phenomenological study. Phenomenology, a qualitative research method, was the design of choice. The sample group consisted of two administrators, two school counselors, and 11 classroom teachers from a temporary education center in Altindag/Ankara, Turkey. The data of the study were collected using the interview method. The data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the research findings, Syrian refugee children face socioemotional, family, language, and school problems and hate speech, discrimination, isolation, and exclusion. Syrian refugee children should undergo an orientation and preparation program before enrolling in Turkey's public schools. Seminars should be offered to the Turkish population to help them develop empathy for refugees and understand what they are going through. Teachers should be trained in multicultural education.

With this research, it is aimed to determine the problems faced by classroom teachers who have Syrian immigrant students in their classrooms in Turkey. The research was designed as a single case study, one of the qualitative research methods. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. The participants of the research are 10 classroom teachers. The data of the research were collected through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis method. According to the findings, the most basic problem in the education process of primary school teachers with immigrant children in their class is the language problem. The language problem creates communication problems with immigrant children and their parents. While some of the teachers who have immigrant children in their class see this as an advantage, some see it as a disadvantage due to the problems they experience. Teachers offered solutions for children, parents and teachers to cope with the problem situations they experienced in their classrooms.

This study evaluates the problems encountered in using out-of-school learning environments in preschool education. The descriptive phenomenological method was used to describe the experiences of preschool teachers. The working group comprises 20 preschool teachers in kindergartens affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Konya. The participants were selected by the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling types. The researchers used the semi-structured interview method to collect the data. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The research results showed that most preschool teachers "sometimes" use out-of-school learning environments and mostly prefer "factories" as out-of-school learning environments. Moreover, all preschool teachers utilize out-of-school learning environments to conduct "science and nature observation." Lastly, the most common problem in using out-of-school learning environments was caused by parents. Based on the results, the parents should be informed about the importance of out-of-school learning environments at the beginning of the semester, and their support should be received.