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Digital twin is the key technology to promote the life cycle digitalization and intelligent management of municipal pipe networks. To achieve intelligent closed‐loop management for the life cycle of municipal pipe networks, this paper first analyzed the meanings of "process‐oriented" and "object‐oriented" of digital twin and gave the connotation for the life cycle management of the digital‐twin‐driven municipal pipe networks. Second, on the basis of the application paradigms in typical scenarios of design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the life cycle management of the municipal pipe networks, this paper proposed the technical framework of digital twin‐driven municipal pipe networks. Finally, the existing challenges were discussed for the digital twin in the life cycle management of municipal pipe networks. The research shows that digital twin is the technical guarantee for the life cycle management of municipal pipe networks, and high‐fidelity digital "twinning" is an important prerequisite for realizing the function of digital twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China marks the integrated installation of centralized and unified supervision of agricultural natural resource assets. It is of great practical significance to explore comprehensive systems of supervision of agricultural natural resource assets with the aim of super-ministry system restructuring; this could provide support for the development of new quality agricultural productivity. This paper mainly discusses the value objective and the approach of the rule of law concerning comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets in China with the aim of super-ministry system restructuring and codification. It combines a normative analysis of law with an economic analysis to address the current laws and regulations concerning the supervision of agricultural natural resource assets and summarize the existing problems of the supervision system. From the perspective of game equilibrium, the paper explores the reasonable expected utility of multiple entities under comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets. The results show the following: (1) The value objective of comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets should include process-oriented, multi-participation asset accretion and technological innovation. (2) Different supervision departments have different objectives and interests with respect to taking risks. (3) From the perspective of game equilibrium, an effective balance between development and use and comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets calls for a reconstruction of the structure of rights (powers) and for practical systematic selection. Therefore, this research recommends that efforts to improve the legal systems of comprehensive supervision of agricultural natural resource assets in China should take comprehensive supervision legislation as an approach to solving the issues and should also take comprehensive central and local cohesion as realization mechanisms, highly integrated and coordinated in legislation, while allocating to various institutions responsibility for the efficient use of agricultural natural resource assets, and the protection of rural green ecological environment, to promote the revitalization of rural ecology, and the security of agricultural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has exclusively focused on the accessibility of AC, despite their substantial impacts on students' and tutors' engagement with AC and the facilitative role of AC for assessment and learning. Drawing upon sequential online surveys and interviews with undergraduate students from diverse disciplines in a British university, statistical and content analysis revealed the challenges undergraduates faced to comprehend and use AC for their assessment. This study unveiled the entanglement among accessibility, understanding and usefulness of AC for assessment and learning. It uncovered the different effectiveness of varied ways of tutors introducing AC to students and students' expectations of how tutors could implement AC in assessment and teaching. It highlighted and substantiated the necessity of shifting from the prevailing product to a process- and future-oriented approach to contextualising and aligning AC with assessment tasks, learning outcomes and feedback and thereby harnessing the accessibility of AC for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Fuzhou University is the property of Journal of Fuzhou University, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We introduce a theoretical framework for conceptualizing Psychological Well‐Being (PWB) as a process that unfolds over short and longer time‐scales. We argue that this framework can be especially useful for studying the change mechanisms in PWB within the context of mobile Health (mHealth) interventions. Four lines of research are considered within this framework to inform the scientific exploration of PWB in the context of mHealth interventions. First, we explore key dynamic characteristics of change in PWB functioning. Second, we discuss PWB intervention response as a learning process (i.e., meaningful and transformational changes in state), reflected as change in key dynamic characteristics of PWB. Third, we explain mechanisms of change in PWB intervention practices through an underlying process of skill development. Fourth, we discuss intervention response heterogeneity within this framework. The approach we outline is intended to articulate currently unanswered, process‐oriented research questions about PWB interventions, how they work, and a methodological path forward for exploring them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews and evaluates available research on multicultural training within the field of marriage and family therapy. Four top-tier journals in the field of marriage and family therapy (Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, American Journal of Family Therapy, Contemporary Family Therapy, and Family Process) were used to identify studies on multicultural training. A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria for review. Following an account of existing trends within the marriage and family therapy multicultural training literature, we provide a critique of the research reviewed and make numerous recommendations for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality is a key aspect in the era of Industry 4.0. Zero-defect manufacturing (ZDM) as the latest quality assurance approach. It can be implemented in two different approaches: the product-oriented and the process-oriented ZDM. It is important to know how and when to consider adopting one approach over the other. To achieve that there is the need for analyzing the differences of the two ZDM approaches. However, the current literature lacks a detailed analysis and comparison of these two approaches to ZDM implementation. Earlier studies on the topic have adopted one of these approaches over the other without evaluating how it fits with specific cases. The literature of the last decade indicates a movement towards product-oriented approaches, but it has not shown proof why product oriented was used over process oriented. Guided by these gaps, this research work creates a model for quantifying the effects of the implementation of both the product-oriented and process-oriented ZDM approaches. The proposed model considers all the critical parameters that affect the problem and serves as an assisting tool to engineers during the design or re-configure manufacturing systems, for choosing the most efficient ZDM approach for their specific cases. The robustness of the model was analyzed using the design of experiments method. The results from both the designed experiments and an industrial use case illustrate that in most cases, product-oriented ZDM performs better than the process-oriented approach. Nevertheless, in our analysis, we also highlight strong interactions between some factors that make the selection between product-oriented and process-oriented ZDM difficult and complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research identifying the core features of Growth Mindset Pedagogy (GMP) in Chinese mathematics education is limited. This is also the first time we have examined the barriers to implementing GMP. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data. By analyzing the interview data, we identified four core features of GMP in mathematics classrooms: differentiation as the foundation of pedagogical practice, no stereotypes about mathematics learning, encouraging students to think in a process-oriented manner, and promoting a persistent learning attitude. We also found five barriers to GMP implementation: (a) lack of professional support; (b) lack of time; (c) student differences and class size; (d) ignoring cultural contextual elements; and (e) poor partnership between parents and teachers. In our discussion section, we outlined the implications of these findings for research and practice in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking landscape indexes to ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology. However, traditional landscape metrics based on the Patch-Mosaic Model have no ecological significance. In this study, the runoff-sediment landscape index coupling land use, topography, soil, and vegetation factors was constructed to link landscape patterns to runoff and sediment. In the study area, the runoffsediment landscape index at the class scale showed an increasing trend from 0.10 in 1995 to 0.26 in 2015. Cropland had a higher runoff-sediment landscape index compared to grassland or forestland. At the landscape scale, the runoff-sediment landscape index showed a decreasing trend since 1995; furthermore, it decreased by 36.24% in 2015 compared with the index in 1990. The runoff-sediment landscape index had higher correlations with runoff and sediment compared with traditional landscape metrics. Redundancy analysis showed that the runoffsediment landscape index had a higher contribution to runoff and sediment compared to traditional landscape metrics, explaining 90.1% of the variability. The soil erosion risk assessed by the runoff-sediment landscape index showed an increasing trend upstream of the Dali River watershed. More attention should be paid to this area in future vegetation restoration attempts, as exploring the impact of landscape pattern changes on ecological processes, especially hydrological processes, plays an important role in comprehensive watershed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many effective and advanced methods have been developed to explore oceanic dynamics using time series of raster-formatted datasets; however, they have generally been designed at a scale suitable for data observation and used independently of each other, despite the potential advantages of combining different modules into an integrated system at a scale suited for dynamic evolution. From raster-formatted datasets to marine knowledge, we developed and integrated several mining algorithms at a dynamic evolutionary scale and combined them into six modules: a module of raster-formatted dataset pretreatment; a module of process-oriented object extraction; a module of process-oriented representation and management (process-oriented graph database); a module of process-oriented clustering; a module of process-oriented association rule mining; and a module of process-oriented visualization. On the basis of such modules, we developed a process-oriented spatiotemporal dynamic mining system named PoSDMS (Process-oriented Spatiotemporal Dynamics Mining System). PoSDMS was designed to have the capacity to deal with at least six environments of marine anomalies with 40 years of raster-formatted datasets, including their extraction, representation, storage, clustering, association and visualization. The effectiveness of the integrated system was evaluated in a case study of sea surface temperature datasets during the period from January 1982 to December 2021 in global oceans. The main contribution of this study was the development of a mining system at a scale suited for dynamic evolution, providing an analyzing platform or tool to deal with time series of raster-formatted datasets to aid in obtaining marine knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogische Studiën is the property of openjournals.nl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Open innovation has drawn significant attention over the years, and there is a growing body of literature that highlights the importance of considering this phenomenon at the national level. Less appreciated, however, is the radiative capability of national innovation systems (NIS) and the linking inbound and outbound processes. We provide a measurement of the dual innovation capability (DIC) of NISs based on process-oriented concepts by using a multi-indicator approach, which provides a more comprehensive picture of sectoral NISs compared to currently used metrics. To assess the DIC of NISs, a composite weighting method was used to obtain the score of our selection of 65 countries. The results show the spatio-temporal evolution of DIC from 2010 to 2018 and explore the interactions among sub-elements within the framework. The 65 countries were grouped into 4 categories based on the sub-dimension scores, and we provided 3 possible paths that can be chosen to improve DIC. The index provides a powerful tool to enrich research on innovation systems, guide national positioning, and optimize policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of an intervention study that used process-oriented, guided-inquiry learning (POGIL) to teach grammar as part of an academic literacy module in the Extended Curriculum Programme (ECP) at a South African university. In the first semester of the Language and Study Skills (LST) module, four key grammatical functions (parts of speech, sentence structure, punctuation, and discourse markers) are foundational to subsequent writing skills taught throughout the year. The POGIL-based intervention study for the LST module was designed to respond to the specific educational context and needs of the ECP students. A teaching intervention was conducted using POGIL-style worksheets, after which the performance of the intervention group was compared to the performance of a control group using data from items in formal assessments (two semester tests and an examination). Analysis of this data indicates that the POGIL group performed better than the control group in all four constructs, though the difference in performance was statistically significant in only three constructs. The paper concludes with a suggestion that further research should be conducted to investigate the relationship between students' level of capability and their response to POGIL-style language instruction; some possibilities for the continuation of the study are outlined. The research therefore contributes to the small, but growing body of work on POGIL instruction by expanding it to include academic literacy and ECP instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, all the universities that offer courses in the e-learning modality seek to improve and differentiate more and more from their competitors. One possible way forward is without doubt to implement standards and good practices. These allow us to guarantee the quality in the implementation or maintenance of the entire e-learning system. The problem is the diversity of existing standards and good practices because they can generate confusion in the selection of the most appropriate. The ideal would be to have a global quality model so that it would be easy to identify what is really needed to implement, maintain, ensure or adequately compare quality across all universities, regardless of their geographical location. In this work, an initial proposal of such a model is presented. In this sense, a set of 15 standards and good practices from all the continents were studied, using a quantitative and qualitative methodology. As a result, this proposal had a total of 15 dimensions and 93 criteria, and it was verified that no standard or good practice encompasses all the criteria. This initial model was validated by the opinion of experts through an on-line questionnaire. Taking into account the results of this validation, the proposed model was divided into three basic groups according to the importance of the dimensions, and in turn divided into other three groups according to the importance of the criteria, structured as a pyramid of levels, where the top or core model consists of 5 dimensions and 9 criteria. This proposal for a global model helps all who are interested in quality in e-learning to make decisions to improve or adjust the entire educational process in a university or teaching institution.

Process-oriented transdisciplinary research is generally seen as a promising approach to facilitate sustainability transitions. This type of research requires new participatory roles for researchers. These new roles may conflict with traditional, more academic roles that researchers often maintain next to their new roles. Using the Dutch transdisciplinary Knowledge-Action Programme on Water (KAP Water) as a case study, we highlight tensions that researchers adopting these new roles experience. We have observed both practical and more fundamental tensions between roles of researchers in process-oriented sustainability research. In particular, it proved difficult to combine more engaged roles, where researchers are involved in dialogues for change, with knowledge-oriented roles, where researchers focus on knowledge provision and are further removed from 'real-world action'. Tensions arise from three sources: (1) researchers' self-perception and expectations; (2) expectations from transdisciplinary partners, funders and researchers' home institutions; and (3) societal convictions about what scientific knowledge is and how it should be developed. This paper contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of the interactions and tensions between the roles of researchers in transdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Task-irrelevant background sound can disrupt performance of visually based cognitive tasks. The cross-modal breakdown of attentional selectivity in the context of reading was addressed using analyses of eye movements. Moreover, the study addressed whether task-sensitivity to distraction via background speech on reading was modulated by the cognitive demands of the focal task. Two randomly-assigned groups of native Chinese participants read the same set of Chinese experimental sentences while being exposed to meaningful speech, meaningless (foreign) speech, or silence. For one group, participants were instructed to judge whether the sentences made sense (i.e., semantic acceptability task); for another, participants were instructed to detect whether the sentences contained a noncharacter (i.e., noncharacter detection task). Results showed no significant effect across sound conditions for the noncharacter detection task. For the semantic acceptability task, however, there was a substantial disruptive effect of the meaningfulness of the speech. Compared with reading with meaningless speech or reading in silence, the meaningful speech increased numbers of fixations, regressions, regression path, and total reading times. These results suggest that the disruption of reading by background speech is jointly dependent on the nature of the speech and the task process deployed, thereby favoring an Interference-by-Process account over Interference-by-Content and Attentional Diversion accounts of distraction to reading by background sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation has drawn significant attention over the years, and there is a growing body of literature that highlights the importance of considering this phenomenon at the national level. Less appreciated, however, is the radiative capability of national innovation systems (NIS) and the linking inbound and outbound processes. We provide a measurement of the dual innovation capability (DIC) of NISs based on process-oriented concepts by using a multi-indicator approach, which provides a more comprehensive picture of sectoral NISs compared to currently used metrics. To assess the DIC of NISs, a composite weighting method was used to obtain the score of our selection of 65 countries. The results show the spatio-temporal evolution of DIC from 2010 to 2018 and explore the interactions among sub-elements within the framework. The 65 countries were grouped into 4 categories based on the sub-dimension scores, and we provided 3 possible paths that can be chosen to improve DIC. The index provides a powerful tool to enrich research on innovation systems, guide national positioning, and optimize policies.

Recent literature has proposed multivariate capability indices, but does not suggest a method for measuring quality characteristics in a way that links production irregularities directly to their causes. Our objective is to present a new approach to multivariate capability indices that uses process-oriented basis representation (POBREP) which allows the computing of cause-related index values. The proposed method focuses on independent process-oriented multivariate data by employing regression coefficients as data. These coefficients measure the amount of the characteristic patterns induced by particular problems or incidents that can occur in the system. Two examples from the electronics industry (the chip capacitor process and solder paste process) use simulated data and Monte Carlo integration to demonstrate the new process-oriented capability method. A reduction of estimation error was realized when using process-oriented capability. For the chip capacitor problem, capability error is 24–54% when using ordinary multivariate data. However, when using process-oriented data the error is less than 3%. Capability is difficult to compute from sample data in the solder paste example without the process-oriented approach. Future research should propose a multivariate capability measure for dependent process-oriented data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper underpins a process-oriented approach to translation with a view to quality assurance at the internal level, i.e. raising translation trainees’ awareness of the recurrent problems associated with referential, grammatical and lexical accuracy and, last but not least, compliance with stylistic conventions (text/discourse specificities, pragmatic use, etc.). Therefore, we advocate feedforwarding instead of feedback, acting prospectively rather than retrospectively.

Introduction: The success of universities in training efficient human resources requires expansion of the range of education and gaining experience of real work environment. The purpose of this study was to design and assess an apprenticeship comprehensive program for health information technology students. Methods: This research was an applied action study. Research population consisted of students, lecturers and managers of medical records department. The sample included all available individuals at the research time period (census). Data were gathered from lecturers by focus group discussion, from students by a researcher-made questionnaire (after confirming its validity and reliability) and focus group discussion and from managers by a researcher-made questionnaire (after confirming its validity and reliability). Using independent t-test, students’ satisfaction levels were compared before and after the implementation of the apprenticeship program for students of two different semesters. Results: Apprenticeship was designed in the form of health information management processes and based on problem solving and reflection. Data were reported and exchanged in the form of e-portfolio. The mean score of students’ satisfaction with the program increased from 38±4.3 to 42.6±3.2 (out of 75). The rate of students’ dissatisfaction with inadequate theoretical and practical courses for working in the apprenticeship period decreased from 73% to 34.4%. Conclusion: Apprenticeship comprehensive program was designed with the focus on covering the weaknesses of previous apprenticeship programs such as information gap between theoretical and practical courses, training methods and dissatisfaction with apprentice assessment methods; it enhanced students’ satisfaction with the apprenticeship program.

Linking landscape patterns to specific ecological processes has been and will continue to be the key topic in landscape ecology. However, this goal is difficult to achieve by using the traditional landscape metric based on the Patch-Mosaic Model (PMM), as they don't integrate ecological processes with landscape patterns. In this paper, we proposed a conceptual model, i.e., the Source-Pathway-Sink Model (SPSM), which designates the role of a landscape unit into "source", "sink", or "pathway" based on specific ecological processes during the landscape pattern analysis. While the traditional landscape metrics derived from the PMM model is visual- or geometrical-oriented and lack of linkage to ecological significance, the SPSM model is process-oriented, dynamic, and scale dependent. A comparison between the PMM and the SPSM models shows that the SPSM model is complementary to the PMM model, and can provide a simple and dynamic perspective on landscape pattern analysis. The SPSM model may represent a conceptual innovation in landscape ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational success of a learner heavily relies on the learning facilitator/teacher. A good teacher holds accountability, responsibility and cooperation, and provides feedback on student academic performance efficiently and effectively. This paper reports on a Lean project management methodology employed in a higher education institution in Metro Manila. The project “Grades Distribution” was conceived using the Voice of Customer, an in-depth process of capturing customers’ expectation, aversions and preferences. The project aimed to determine the factors on late finalization of grades, bottlenecks in the progression, and improvement of the processes. The study presented pre-project implementation routes and the implications of the Lean project to the customer (learner), faculty (facilitator), and to the management. The project has considered a value-based approach which a chunk of value is delivered using incremental value-based delivery. Non-value sequences considered as wastes were eliminated. The results show that students become preventative, proactive and sourced. The faculty becomes process and customer focus, integrated and service-oriented. Based on the project results, the Grades Distribution project was successfully implemented and that further improvement on the process and documentation must be regularly reviewed in adherence to the university’s academic and administrative policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on teacher cognition in the area of listening instruction has not been sufficiently touched upon. This case study aimed to investigate Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' stated practices, perceptions, and their actual classroom practices in terms of the key activities and techniques of four common listening instructional approaches namely, text-oriented, communication-oriented, learner-oriented, and metacognitive approach. Additionally, this study sought to explore to what extent the teachers' stated practices and perceptions corresponded to their actual classroom practices. To this end, a mixed methods design was utilized. Five experienced EFL teachers were required to be observed and to fill the three instruments namely, the questionnaire, the lesson plan analysis task, and the belief inventory. The findings of the study from both the stated practices and lesson plan analysis task revealed that communication-oriented listening instruction was the dominant approach to listening instruction. Similarly, the findings from classroom observation proved this dominance. It was also found that text-oriented instruction was the second most dominant approach. In addition, more convergence between stated practices, perceptions, and beliefs with actual classroom practices was observed in terms of the product-oriented approaches than in terms of the process-oriented ones. Finally, pedagogical implications for EFL teachers, teacher trainers and material developers regarding the role of teachers in how best to teach listening were discussed.

Abstraction, diversion, and storage of flow alter rivers worldwide. In this context, minimum flow regulations are applied to mitigate adverse impacts and to protect affected river reaches from environmental deterioration. Mostly, however, only selected instream criteria are considered, neglecting the floodplain as an indispensable part of the fluvial ecosystem. Based on essential functions and processes of unimpaired temperate floodplain rivers, we identify fundamental principles to which we must adhere to determine truly ecologically-relevant environmental flows. Literature reveals that the natural flow regime and its seasonal components are primary drivers for functions and processes of abiotic and biotic elements such as morphology, water quality, floodplain, groundwater, riparian vegetation, fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians, thus preserving the integrity of floodplain river ecosystems. Based on the relationship between key flow regime elements and associated environmental components within as well as adjacent to the river, we formulate a process-oriented functional floodplain flow ( ff-flow ) approach which offers a holistic conceptual framework for environmental flow assessment in temperate floodplain river systems. The ff-flow approach underlines the importance of emulating the natural flow regime with its seasonal variability, flow magnitude, frequency, event duration, and rise and fall of the hydrograph. We conclude that the ecological principles presented in the ff-flow approach ensure the protection of floodplain rivers impacted by flow regulation by establishing ecologically relevant environmental flows and guiding flow restoration measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the concept of ‘puzzles’ in exploratory practice (EP), an innovative branch of inclusive practitioner research. EP encourages teachers and learners to define their own agendas (i.e. puzzles) to explore their practice. It has been argued that puzzles are most effective when framed as why questions (e.g. Why do we cheat?) rather than other types of questions. This is because why questions are believed to assist practitioners in gaining a deeper understanding of their practice. However, I have observed that learners often generate other forms of questions, such as what or how. Additionally, exploring a why question did not always lead to a deeper understanding. To address this issue, I conducted an investigation with my own 66 second-year undergraduate students in Japan to determine whether the puzzle had to be a why question in EP. The students created and investigated their puzzles using a preferred format of what, how, and why questions and shared their thoughts with their classmates through poster presentations. This was followed by questionnaires and focus group discussions where I asked for their thoughts on the differences between the three puzzles. The results revealed a general affinity between EP and why questions, but the qualitative analysis of EP posters suggested that, rather than the puzzle format itself, ensuring process-oriented puzzling in EP could be key to developing practitioners’ local understandings. This article highlights the significance of curiosity-driven ongoing engagement in practitioner research and discusses ways to cultivate this ‘I/we wonder’ mindset among practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many global organizations have aligned their strategy and operation via the ISO-based framework of integrated management system (IMS) that allows them to merge quality, environment, health and safety management systems. In such context, having a robust electronic document management system (EDMS) is essential, especially at global enterprises where a large amount of documents generated by processes flows through different work cultures. However, there is no "one-size-fits-all" design for EDMS because it depends on organizations' needs, size and resource allocation. This article discusses the interrelation between EDMS and IMS in order to suggest a best practice. Design/methodology/approach: This article methodologically based upon a qualitative, interpretivistic, longitudinal empirical study in a wind turbine factory. Findings and Originality/value: IMS improvement and effectiveness has been overlooking EDMS as a key factor in establishing appropriate technological support of the IMS processes. Rightful application of EDMS can further contribute to organizational learning, precision of documentation and cross-organisational collaboration. Research limitations/implications: Theorising on IMS needs a stronger perspective of the technological limitations and potentials of basing IMS on EDMS. Practical implications: IMS are complex systems involving a large number of administrative functions. EDMS provides a formal representation with automation potentials both heightening and securing document trustworthiness. Social implications: IMS has a tendency to stay with professionals, e.g. line managers and QA/QC/QMS professionals. The EDMS line of discussion suggests a broader inclusion. Originality/value: Researching IMS as a technological implementation is giving a better platform of aligning the IMS with other business processes and is bringing IMS closer to the operational activities within the enterprise.

Malaysia is one of the most rapidly growing economies in Asia and is blessed with foreign workers inflow to sustain the economic growth process. However, the strong national sentiments among the local community, which harbors ill perception towards the foreign workers, lead to regrettably vague policies concerning foreign workers. As far as this issue is concerned, Malaysia needs to reform the policy regulations so that foreign workers will be able to integrate into the economic transformation of the country. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the current regulations regarding foreign workers policy in Malaysia. Arguably, foreign worker regulations can be improved by referring to Malaysia's past experience and copy the models of other foreign-workers-friendly countries. A processoriented methodology was adopted in this study to understand the issues associated with foreign workers, community transformation, and policy implementation. The result of this study shows that superior implementation and enforcement of foreign labor regulations would lead to harmonization and transformation of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a survey of model-driven techniques for data model synthesis. During an extensive research,we identified more than 70 research papers in the field and more than 15 different graphical notations used for the source model representation.We have classified the proposed approaches into four distinct groups: function-oriented, process-oriented,communication-oriented and goal-oriented. Their contributions are presented in chronological order and evaluated based on several main criteria. Although the idea of model-driven design of the data model is more than 25 years old, the survey shows the richness and diversity of ideas, but only a small number of implemented automatic generators.

In recent decade many human resource specialist and authors achieve success for aligning and integrating in human resource subsystems. One of these practice developing and formulating competence models as base of human resource development and integrating between training, human resource planning, selection and others human resource units and subsystems. This research aimed to developing and formulating coherent and local model for National Iranian Oil Company. Because of especial NIOC nature and background and governing of especial managerial systems, applying and using current models cannot responsive to company demands. So, company for developing local model need to use grounded theory approach for exploration of tacit knowledge and applying this knowledge to creation competency model. Based on research result, competency model have 5 dimension and 19 items. After model designing, for validity and reliability confirmation, 74 questionnaires completed by supervisors. Data analysis shows that all dimension and items are valid and suitable for NIOC. Also, based on data analysis process improvement dimension is more important than others in model and human resource dimension was less important.

At the beginning of the last century, division of labor principle was introduced as a factor for creativity drive, and economical saving, and the requirements of such principles led to hierarchical, task and authority-oriented organizing of different enterprises and organizational levels. This results a shift in goals and tasks of organizations. By Increasing demand and application of automation in order to recompense production task- orientation and customer’s demand as the main goal of organization was marginalized. Although this approach was effective in the period of inadequacy of supply for demand, at the time of abundance of supply for demand and organizations focus on customer’s demand it lost its efficiency so needs another approach, new condition requires this approach to be holistic and result oriented, and whenever and even during the performance of any task, the final product and customer’s pure demand must be pivot of activities. In other words, personnel at every stage should think about serving customers and realize their demands. The new approach was totally different from the task-oriented one and had a process-oriented nature. This transmission from task-orientation to process orientation paradigm is the subject of a research which was conducted in an industrial- productive enterprise via action research approach contracting. This research has developed the process- oriented approach to management system based on process in a way that inheres in itself continuous improvement, whose result would be prescriptive and descriptive. Process orientation, contrary to task orientation that focuses on the way of performing an action, emphasizes the cause of this approach in order to organize all of the organizational elements and resources for realizing the customer’s demands.

A Web-based form-focused intelligent computer-assisted language learning (ICALL) tutoring system equipped with a process-oriented corrective feedback function was developed to investigate the extent to which such a program may serve as a viable method of teaching grammar to Korean secondary and elementary students. The present study was also intended to explore the overall efficacy of two different types of corrective feedback on errors made by students while using the process-oriented tutoring program. In addition, the current research attempted to identify the distribution pattern of errors made by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners across error types combining grammar and cognitive strategies. Finally, the research surveyed subjects’ attitudes toward the ICALL tutoring program and assessed its ability to help them acquire grammatical concepts. Overall, the statistical analysis reveals that a form-focused ICALL tutoring system that provides process-oriented feedback may serve to facilitate EFL learners’ acquisition of grammatical concepts, and that the majority of subjects think favorably of the ICALL tutoring program. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Design-based research (DBR) is a new methodological framework that was developed in the context of the learning sciences; however, it has not been used very often in the field of gifted education. Compared with other methodologies, DBR is more process-oriented and context-sensitive. In this methodological brief, the authors introduce DBR and explain why it can be useful to researchers in the field of gifted education. The authors give an overview of the history and the key features of DBR, then discuss the challenges of using DBR. Based on both the literature and the authors' experiences using DBR as a framework in their own empirical studies, suggestions are provided to help gifted education researchers who would like to use DBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste and waste management have become significant global issues and common challenges that we face. Efficient and effective waste management is an essential part of civilized society. A good waste classification system is the foundation and precondition for efficient waste management. In this paper, in accordance with waste classification principles of systematicness, hierarchy, practical maneuverability and expansibility, waste classification systems in China, the EU, Japan and the USA are reviewed for collection, transportation and treatment sectors. Comparison analysis results show that waste classification methods are diversified and process-oriented classification, substance-oriented and hazardous properties classification principles are widely adopted for waste generation and transportation. For waste treatment process, all the countries and regions adopt similar classification methods based on follow-up treatment process. In general, the EU and Japan all have established their own integrated waste classification system. However, the EU's macro-micro integration waste classification systems are more suitable for China to learn which process-oriented waste classification is used for declaration and registration at the micro-level and substance-oriented waste classification system for environmental statistics at the macro-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]