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Despite the axiom “giant of Africa” is a phrase that has not reflected in Nigeria's development. The study explains the multiple variants of challenges ranging from deficit in infrastructural development to widespread corruption among public servants in aftermath of Covid-19 experience in Nigeria. Amidst of these challenges comes the global pandemic outbreak called the corona virus (Covid-19). The African continent especially Nigeria has been on lockdown since March 2020 to this very day. This lockdown is one of the measures put in place by the federal government to halt the spread of this deadly virus in Nigeria. The lockdown has resulted in social dislocation, a great loss in capital formation, increased poverty rate, stunted economic growth, increased external debt, and loss of human life. This study analyzes the impact of COVID-19 amidst the development challenges of Nigeria. The study adopted the theory of social production of material wealth which implicated the state of Nigeria's production process and development strategy. The study employs a documentary method of data collection and data are analyzed based on a content analysis procedure. The paper concludes that the COVID-19 experience in Nigeria has coincided with the character of production process and development in Nigeria. State production has become industrialized in face of this deadly virus attack in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erzurum Rosette holds significant cultural value as a traditional dessert widely produced and consumed in Erzurum. Limited knowledge exists regarding the difficulties encountered by producers and the influence of Geographical Indication (GI) registration on production and marketing. This study aims to enhance the recognition of Erzurum Rosette, assess its production process to comply with the standards of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TPTO), and explore its potential as a sustainable tourist product. A qualitative analysis was conducted on six producers of Erzurum Rosette. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that focused on demographic data, understanding GI, production challenges, and the influence of GI registration on sales. Responses were examined using thematic coding and statistical analysis. The study revealed that this traditional dessert production involves both male and female producers and that the producers have significant professional experience. General materials for production can be easily obtained, but obtaining the necessary special iron molds poses a significant challenge. Producers with a comprehensive understanding of GI have reported increased sales and market access after registration, but those with limited understanding have seen minimal impact. Common challenges include material supply and equipment availability, particularly regarding the procurement of iron molds. Sales and marketing strategies are generally effective, but continuous innovation is necessary for market expansion. Addressing supply chain issues and increasing awareness of GI benefits for producers are crucial for the sustainability and promotion of Erzurum Rosette. Improving support for local production and targeted training initiatives can help preserve traditional production methods and enhance the potential of Erzurum Rosette as a cultural and tourism value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper presents the interdisciplinary investigation (archaeology, geochemistry, history) of a medieval silver and lead production site located in southern France, in the Minier valley (Occitanie, Aveyron, Le‐Viala‐du‐Tarn). In order to identify the production sites, in situ geochemical surveys were carried out using a portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer and differential GPS, guided on the analysis of medieval archival sources. The cartographic representation of the metal concentrations in the surface horizons shows significant enrichment of zinc and lead in the vicinity of the mines. This first type of enrichment makes it possible to highlight the activities of separation of sphalerite and silver‐bearing galena. The galena thus isolated on the hillsides is then transported to the vicinity of watercourses, where it is crushed, washed, and smelted. These secondary activities result in a last type of enrichment in which only lead is found in large quantities. The cross‐referencing of the information made it possible to overcome the challenges related to the location of the mineral processing workshops, which were often invisible on the surface. The medieval workshops have been located and a function suggested, outlining the first trends in the spatial and social division of labour and providing a solid corpus for future archaeological excavations. Finally, this study highlights the persistence of significant metal contamination in the soils of a rural valley and encourages the consideration of former mining areas when examining the environmental impact of metal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To solve the problems of chaotic information management and difficult traceability in the manufacturing process of transformer coils, a traceability and management method oriented towards the manufacturing process of transformer coils has been proposed. This method integrates industrial internet identification resolution and extension of Petri net modeling theory. A comprehensive identification and resolution framework for coil manufacturing processes has been constructed. In this manuscript, the authors proposed an industrial data-sharing space based on the producer-consumer model with unified coding identification. This enables information sharing for all resources, including personnel, machinery, materials, methods, environment, and measurements. A method for modeling extensible identification primitives of coil manufacturing process information was proposed, which formalizes the correlation and data structure of process information. A Petri net model for the comprehensive acquisition and integration of elemental information in coil manufacturing processes, as well as a mathematical model for quality traceability, were constructed, thereby forming a complete path for quality traceability information. Finally, based on the method proposed above, a software and hardware environment for identification and traceability for coil manufacturing was established. Taking a certain type of coil as an example, validation was carried out; the results indicate a significant enhancement in the production management and information traceability capabilities of the coil production workshop. This study provides reference and guidance for the process traceability management of power equipment manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current manufacturing process of enterprises, there are some problems such as poor predictability and low level of intelligence, which lead to high product error rate and affect production efficiency. Therefore, this paper introduces the building information model in the field of engineering construction, and proposes a big data predictive manufacturing model based on the building information model, which divides the production process into production service system, resource planning system, production control system and after-sales service system, and realizes the overall process optimization of planning-production-sales on the basis of the close combination of each system and virtual model system. Finally, the application of error correction process in production line is verified from an empirical point of view, which provides a reference method and path for reducing production error rate and improving work efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of the growing demand for alternative protein sources with the growth of the human population and increasing ecological awareness, the rearing of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) is a promising option for the production of sustainable protein. The article presents a comprehensive approach to planning and scheduling the production of yellow mealworm larvae in a small enterprise, focusing on the organizational, technical, and economic aspects of the production process. The production installation, the method of rearing using an automated feeding system, and the monitoring of larvae development were described and an attempt was made to identify the key parameters of the process that affect its efficiency. Particular attention was paid to the calculation algorithm implemented in the spreadsheet, which allows the selection of the production batch size and the frequency of their launch, so as to maximize the available capacity of storage racks for cuvettes. In addition, the article analyses logistical challenges related to the production of larvae, including transport activities in order to meet, among others, the demand for feed. Finally, the estimation of revenues and economic indicators, such as profitability and return on investment, is presented, pointing to the need for further improvements in the production process and cost optimization to achieve favorable financial results. The results of the research emphasize the potential of rearing yellow mealworm larvae as a sustainable source of protein while simultaneously pointing to key areas that require further research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Synthetic Fiber Industry is the property of Sinopec Baling Petrochemical Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analysing and mitigating errors in production processes is a primary objective of companies in the automotive sector. Unfortunately, due to inaccurate or partially missing information, comparing errors is often very difficult, resulting from the experts' provision of incomplete pairwise comparison matrices. In the literature, several techniques have been developed to complete such matrices. These techniques merely estimate what the decision makers or experts would have entered according to known entries. In this article, we propose a new methodology based on the stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis; we apply it to vary the missing entries of the pairwise comparison matrix, thus providing the probability that an alternative/criterion will attain a given rank. This approach gives a complete view of the possible outcomes because it represents all possible decision maker mindsets. We present a case study carried out in a multinational automotive industry where we apply our methodology for evaluating errors in the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are considered potential substitutes for Portland cement, they still come with elevated costs and significant carbon dioxide emissions. The development of alternative activators, such as sodium silicate based on the dissolution of rice husk ash (RHA), could partially overcome these disadvantages. However, to maximise the mechanical performance of AAMs, the production of RHA-based sodium silicate (RHA-SS) needs to be fully understood. The production process of an alternative RHA-SS activator was thus investigated through experimental evaluations of RHA grinding time, RHA dissolution time and thermal curing temperature and time. Mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive strength tests carried out on alkali-activated pastes made up of metakaolin, as a precursor, and two different activators (RHA-SS and a commercial sodium silicate). Microstructural features were evaluated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry analyses. Optimal production was obtained for a grinding time of 30 min, a thermal curing temperature of 40°C, dissolution time of 6 h and a thermal curing time of 8 h. The results show the efficiency of the alternative alkaline activator, which may represent a technically viable solution for larger scale application to AAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management & Quality / Zarządzanie i Jakość is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global pandemics, military conflicts, and natural disasters are crescively disrupting increasingly complex supply chains. But neither the social science of economics or decision science of supply chain management were sufficient to anticipate, much less mitigate the depth, breadth, or duration of the disruptions and damage wrought by COVID-19 or Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Economics is the study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, and creation and transfer of wealth. Supply chain management is the management of a network of organizations, internal and external, by which an organization pursues its own goals and objectives. Process focus is integral to supply chain management, as operations management is the management of an organization's processes to pursue its goals and objectives. Adherence to processes is necessary for organizations to consistently reach their goals and objectives. When organizations execute consistently, they can leverage that quality for lower costs, greater volume, higher prices, or additional stakeholder goodwill. By combining these concepts, supply chain economics can be framed as the systematic study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, services, and capital by networks of organizations, internal and external, with which any given organization pursues its goals and objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Erzurum Rosette holds significant cultural value as a traditional dessert widely produced and consumed in Erzurum. Limited knowledge exists regarding the difficulties encountered by producers and the influence of Geographical Indication (GI) registration on production and marketing. This study aims to enhance the recognition of Erzurum Rosette, assess its production process to comply with the standards of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TPTO), and explore its potential as a sustainable tourist product. A qualitative analysis was conducted on six producers of Erzurum Rosette. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that focused on demographic data, understanding GI, production challenges, and the influence of GI registration on sales. Responses were examined using thematic coding and statistical analysis. The study revealed that this traditional dessert production involves both male and female producers and that the producers have significant professional experience. General materials for production can be easily obtained, but obtaining the necessary special iron molds poses a significant challenge. Producers with a comprehensive understanding of GI have reported increased sales and market access after registration, but those with limited understanding have seen minimal impact. Common challenges include material supply and equipment availability, particularly regarding the procurement of iron molds. Sales and marketing strategies are generally effective, but continuous innovation is necessary for market expansion. Addressing supply chain issues and increasing awareness of GI benefits for producers are crucial for the sustainability and promotion of Erzurum Rosette. Improving support for local production and targeted training initiatives can help preserve traditional production methods and enhance the potential of Erzurum Rosette as a cultural and tourism value.

Analytical grade Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one type of salt with a purity of > 99.50 % NaCl content, including other impurities. In laboratories, salt is used as a reagent and a standard solution. This research carried out the salt production process through purification, acidification, neutralization, crystallization, and drying methods. Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this technology are its simplicity and ability to produce accompanying products. In the first stage of the purification process, the precipitation of sulfate (SO42-) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions was examined. In this step, 20 % w/v barium chloride (BaCl2) and 20 % w/v sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were consecutively used, and after 12 hours of sitting, the filtering process separated the mixture. The second stage of purification will investigate the precipitation of calcium (Ca2+) ions using 20 % w/v sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution, and the mixture was again separated by filtering after 12 hours. All stages of the purification process have shown that the ions concentration decreases by adding BaCl2, NaOH, and Na2CO3 solution. Furthermore, the acidification, neutralization, and crystallization processes can control pH and potassium (K+) content. The results demonstrated that the technology produced 30% analytical grade NaCl with purity > 99.50% and high brine solution as a by-product, which can be further processed for producing pharmaceutical and food-grade salts.

A aplicação de ferramentas no processo produtivo buscando a sustentabilidade nas empresas gera não apenas benefícios ambientais, mas também sociais, econômicos e de governança. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar e analisar a relação entre os temas da sustentabilidade e do ecodesign nos processos produtivos, relacionando-os com ferramentas de gestão ambiental. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) e através da meta-análise PRISMA foi possível considerar novos aspectos para responder às questões de pesquisa: “Qual a relação existente entre os temas sustentabilidade e ecodesign em processos produtivos?” e “Quais ferramentas de gestão ambiental estão relacionadas a estes temas?”. Com base nos artigos estudados, foi possível verificar que ferramentas e técnicas aplicadas ao processo produtivo, como a utilização de conceitos e técnicas de ecodesign na concepção de produtos e processos, e a identificação de impactos ambientais por meio de inventários de processos e de Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) melhorando processos, reduzindo consumo de energia, geração de resíduos, custo de produção e uso de matéria prima.

Red oncom, a traditional fermented food from Indonesia, was produced differently using various ingredients and unstandardized production processes. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of raw materials and production processes on the physicochemical and sensory characterization of red oncom collected from nine different producers in three different regions. The study showed that there are three different categories of red oncom varied depending on the ingredients such as peanut press cake, okara, and tapioca waste. In addition to processes, the variability in inoculum preparation, ingredient preparations, and incubation period were identified. Okara flour generated a higher moisture content, soft and compact texture. Sensory profiling revealed that oncom made of okara flour had a higher intensity of musty aroma, beany aroma, orange color, red color, and sour aftertaste attributes. The soft and compact texture and fully covered mycelium of Neurospora fungi that gave an even surface orange color in red oncom made from okara was preferred by the panelists. The use of peanut press cake resulted in red oncom with higher fat content, a hard texture, and a higher intensity of nutty aroma and bitter taste attributes. The hard texture and a higher intensity of bitter taste caused red oncom made from peanut cake to be less preferred by panelists. In conclusion, the characteristic and chemical composition of red oncom varied depending on the ingredients, processes, and region.

In this paper, the ''non-premixed mixing technology with conventional equipment'' suitable for industrial large-scale production of Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is proposed, that is, UHPC is not premixed with powder, the conventional concrete batching plant is finely adjusted, and the ordinary concrete feeding and mixing process is used to produce UHPC. Relying on the UHPC bridge deck of the Wujiang River Special Bridge of the Dejiang-Yuqing Expressway, the coarse aggregate UHPC is produced, totaling more than 1600 m3. The engineering practice shows that the time required from feeding to mixing of UHPC in each batch is 8.5–11.5 mins, the production efficiency of UHPC is high by adopting this technology; The compressive strength and flexural strength data of 54 groups of retained samples under the two curing regimes (standard curing and steam curing) conformed to normal distribution, and the standard deviations of compressive strength were 7.05 and 9.42 MPa for the two curing regimes, and 2.00 and 1.79 MPa of flexural strength. The fluctuation of concrete quality is small, and the strength inspection and evaluation meet the requirements; The relationship between the concrete strength of the two curing regimes was compared and analyzed, and suggestions for quickly predicting the concrete strength were given. The use of this technology makes the UHPC production method detached from the premix preparation, which significantly simplifies the production process of UHPC and increases the transparency of UHPC production technology. This paper provides a new idea for the industrial production of UHPC, in order to further promote the large-scale and engineering application of UHPC.

Monitoring equipment wear is an important problem that requires constant attention, since this process can lead to a decrease in its efficiency, accidents or breakdown. The problem of replacing equipment is a production problem, in which it is necessary to consider many factors that influence the efficiency of the enterprise itself. This paper examines various formulations of the equipment replacement problem: in the classical formulation of dynamic programming, in the stochastic formulation and fuzzy graph representation. The idea to solve the problem using periodic fuzzy graphs is proposed. We also consider the age of equipment when determining the wear coefficient, determined by the degree of belonging to a particular class of parameters defined in the formulation of the problem. Periodic fuzzy graphs allow considering the problem of replacing equipment not for one type of equipment, but for a complex of machines, which ensures the scalability of the classical dynamic programming problem under uncertain initial data. When determining the membership function, it is possible to consider those factors that may influence the solution of the optimization production problem. Setting the problem in a fuzzy form makes it possible to forecast and plan the activities of an enterprise for future periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soy sauce, being a conventional condiment known for its rich flavor, has the ability to enhance the flavor of food and satisfy people's pursuits for a more enjoyable culinary experience. Consequently, it is extensively utilized in Asian cuisine. A comprehensive strategy was employed in this study, which involved multivariate statistical analysis, sensory analysis and chemical analysis of soy sauce from three production processes. Sensory analysis revealed that three types of sauce were significantly different in floral, fruity and nutty/baked aromas. Through GC × GC-TOF–MS analysis, a total of 358 potential aroma compounds were identified, among which 35 compounds were identified as markers for distinguishing the three types of soy sauce. Pyrazines were abundant in Chinese traditional-type soy sauce, while esters were predominant in Japanese soy sauce. The potential relationship between aroma compounds and aroma characteristics of soy sauce produced through three different processes was investigated. This study provides theoretical insights aimed at enhancing the quality of brewed soy sauce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate carbon emissions accounting has become a research focus for researchers and government departments. Based on corporate production processes, this study proposes and establishes a comprehensive system for corporate carbon emissions. Taking Stora Enso (Guangxi) Company as an example, this paper provides a thorough analysis of the production and operational status of paper-making companies. The production process is divided into five stages: material preparation, pulping, pulp board production, papermaking, and alkali recycling. Based on these production processes, it proposes and constructs a corporate carbon emissions accounting system from an accounting perspective, which specifically includes accounting objectives, information quality characteristics, accounting recognition, accounting measurement, accounting treatments, and information disclosure. The findings show that the carbon emissions accounting system targeted at production processes can clearly awaken corporate carbon emissions responsibilities, further improve the corporate accounting system, and provide effective technical support for the government to implement environmental regulations and formulate carbon reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informatics Control Measurement in Economy & Environment Protection / Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska is the property of Lublin University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to the urgent need for sustainable energy, this study addresses a critical challenge in wind turbine optimization. It focuses on developing a nuanced preventive maintenance strategy to minimize costs and mitigate energy losses. Within this framework, our paper introduces a novel approach employing a Monte Carlo simulation to identify the optimal preventive maintenance frequency, striking a balance between cost efficiency and energy loss mitigation. The results show, that grouped maintenance approach, pinpointing an optimal frequency of 93 months. This strategic configuration minimizes costs to $9997 while concurrently maintaining an average energy loss of 32.014 MWh, resulting in a notable 4.29% increase in total energy production. Variability analysis reveals that increasing maintenance frequency reduces cost fluctuations, while energy loss remains relatively stable. These findings elucidate the interplay among preventive maintenance strategies, cost, and reliability in the realm of wind turbine performance optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, we solved the problems regarding the improvement of the production process of allocating material to the inlet of a production hall using the Plant Simulation software in a selected company. The solved problematics are high costs for the shipping company, elimination of the necessity to transfer the semi-finished product from the external warehouse to the production hall and non-effective layout. We deal with the characteristics of the current state of the production process in the production company and create its model in Plant Simulation. Thereafter we propose solutions that can make that process more efficient. The software enables the comparison of complex production alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we consider technologies, innovations and intellectual property rights. In the context of modern development of all spheres of human life, the concepts of «technology», «innovation» and «innovative technologies» are an integral aspect of the present. They play an important and key role in the competitiveness of not only individual enterprises and organizations, but also in law and economics in general, since innovative technologies are the basis for the positive development of society and the legal relations that arise in this regard, including legal relations in the field of intellectual property rights. Intellectual property is the result of intellectual and creative activity, which is formalized and grants the author or a person who is granted the right of ownership of the result by law, which is acquired, exercised and protected in accordance with the established procedure, rules and legally defined norms. It is the objects of intellectual property rights that are in clear interaction with technology and innovation. Detailed attention is paid to the essence and content of innovations and technologies in the field of intellectual activity, in particular in the production and change of characteristics of the relevant objects of intellectual property rights. The author focuses on the conceptual apparatus of such concepts as «innovation», «technology», «intellectual property», «intellectual property rights», and technology transfer. The modern national and foreign literature is analyzed with a view to defining the basic concepts of the study and their legislative consolidation. The author analyzes the features of technology transfer, in particular, it is established that innovative technologies are endowed with novelty, revolutionary nature, irreplaceability, uniqueness, and inevitability. The author establishes the interconnectedness of the content of «innovations» and «technologies» in relation to intellectual property rights, namely, directly to intellectual property objects, which are manifested by applying know-how or an invention to a specific result of intellectual activity in the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical grade Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one type of salt with a purity of > 99.50 % NaCl content, including other impurities. In laboratories, salt is used as a reagent and a standard solution. This research carried out the salt production process through purification, acidification, neutralization, crystallization, and drying methods. Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this technology are its simplicity and ability to produce accompanying products. In the first stage of the purification process, the precipitation of sulfate (SO4 2-) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions was examined. In this step, 20 % w/v barium chloride (BaCl2) and 20 % w/v sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were consecutively used, and after 12 hours of sitting, the filtering process separated the mixture. The second stage of purification will investigate the precipitation of calcium (Ca2+) ions using 20 % w/v sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution, and the mixture was again separated by filtering after 12 hours. All stages of the purification process have shown that the ions concentration decreases by adding BaCl2, NaOH, and Na2CO3 solution. Furthermore, the acidification, neutralization, and crystallization processes can control pH and potassium (K+) content. The results demonstrated that the technology produced 30% analytical grade NaCl with purity > 99.50% and high brine solution as a by-product, which can be further processed for producing pharmaceutical and food-grade salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to conduct a preliminary investigation in eight Sardinian fermented sausage (SFS) production plants to acquire knowledge about the differences in the applied technological process and their influence on the safety and sensory characteristics of the finished product. Two audits were conducted in each plant to evaluate structural characteristics and process technologies; 72 samples of SFS at the end of seasoning and 48 environmental samples were analyzed. Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica were investigated, and chemical-physical analyses were also performed. A panel of consumers was subjected to the Check All That Apply test and acceptability test to determine the qualities perceived by consumers and assess the product acceptance rating. A water activity value of >0.941, permissive for the growth of L. monocytogenes, was detected in SFS produced by one producing plant; L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Y. enterocolitica were detected in 2.8% of SFS samples, and Listeria spp. in 20.8% of samples. Environmental samples tested positive for 45.8% of Listeria spp. and 16.7% of L. monocytogenes. Correct drying and ripening steps, applied for at least 20 days, are critical for the development of hurdles required to guarantee the safety of fermented sausages. The application of proper hygiene and cleaning procedures is required to reduce environmental contamination. Sensory analysis results show how the production processes applied determine the marketing of sensorially different products. The ideal profile suggested by consumers confirms that the attributes that allow for improved liking are “moderate spicing”, “moderate spiciness”, “seasoned product”, and “artisanal character”.

Cultivated meat, as an innovative substitute for conventional meat, is widely recognized as an effective solution to challenges such as meat supply shortages, environmental impacts, and animal welfare concerns. Based on the production technology used, cultivated meat can be categorized into three types: plant-based meat, cell-cultured meat, and microbial protein meat. This review explores the production processes and sensory quality enhancement techniques for these three types of cultivated meat, analyzes their respective technological advantages and challenges, and provides a forecast on the future development trends of cultivated meat products.

Modern complex production requires approaches to improving production systems that create a comprehensive understanding of process-equipment-product interactions along the technological process chain, rather than focusing solely on individual processes. Any production system consists of separate but interconnected elements arranged in a certain sequence: reserve, workstation, operation workstation, working process. This document proposes an approach to support and improve the production system using these elements and establishing connections between them and their parameters. This allows process models of various complexities to be constructed, laying the groundwork for improving the production system. The article discusses the process of building a simulation model of a production system – a machining department for manufacturing semi-finished products from metal rods. In the model, each element of the production system is graphically represented, allowing the use of a flowchart for simulation modeling. The purpose of developing the simulation model is to optimize the operation of the machining department by identifying those workstations in the technological process where the longest idle time is observed during operations and optimizing the structure of the department. Additionally, this approach has been tested and implemented based on the scenario of using the simulation model in mechanical engineering production.

Abstract Changzhi Guanyin Hall, a folk temple from the Ming Dynasty, embodies the essence of the ‘unity of the three religions’ philosophy, centred around Guanyin Bodhisattva. Over 500 sculptures reside within a modest 70 m2 space, encompassing representations from Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Ranging from a towering 2 m to a mere 10 cm, these sculptures depict an array of characters and mythological scenes, bestowing considerable importance upon the painted sculptures of Guanyin Hall. Varying degrees of deterioration have affected these sculptures due to the passage of time and suboptimal preservation conditions, highlighting the imperative need for meticulous restoration efforts. However, the absence of comprehensive analyses pertaining to the production process of Guanyin Hall sculptures has hindered the restoration groundwork. This study focuses on fallen hanging sculptures and debris, encompassing intact sculptures, clay fragments, wooden sticks, plant fibres, wires and pigments. Employing a series of techniques, including X-ray photography, microscopic analysis, mineral analysis (MLA), laser particle size testing, ion chromatography, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS) analysis, this research characterises the constituent materials used in crafting these artifacts. Instead of a full-body skeleton, the findings reveal that the small hanging sculpture is supported by delicate wires that hold specific areas, such as the arms and the gown hems. The hanging sculptures are made from a single type of clay and are reinforced with either mulberry bast or wheat straw fibres. A Pinaceae wood stick affixes the head to the body, and the sculpture is then suspended on the wall through nails inserted into the feet. The moulded clay undergoes a sequence of carving, drying and polishing and is coated with a white ash layer before receiving intricate painting. Mineral pigments, including cinnabar, red lead, iron red, cerussite, atacamite, brochantite and azurite, adorn the surface of the sculptures, with gold foil embellishing the golden elements. The intricate artisanry and multifaceted material composition of Guanyin Hall’s painted sculptures render them unparalleled artistic treasures, not solely within Shanxi but across the entire nation. Furthermore, this study establishes a dependable foundation for conservation and restoration endeavours.

Modern management processes must solve the complex problem of optimal decision-making and timely and effective forecasting of their results, to select successful combinations of solutions in a particular production area of the new information and innovation society that has replaced the industrial era. Considering the above issues, the modelling process as an effective mechanism for decision-making and risk management deserves special attention. The purpose of the study was to highlight modelling as an effective method of decision-making in green production in a post-industrial society, and to justify the feasibility of its use at different levels of the production process. During the study, theoretical methods were applied, in particular, the study of scientific materials and research results, description and comparison. The results were also generalized and analysed. The article considers main approaches to the strategy of the introduction of modelling of decision-making in the field of green production in the post-industrial society, and provides a detailed definition of its structural elements and priority principles. It is clarified that modelling as a management tool is used in the development of rather complex production and management decisions and is the construction of a model or system of models of the process or phenomenon under study for its study, analysis, and formation of an appropriate fan of alternatives to the result. The main types of modelling according to different classifications are analysed, and the possibilities of applying some of them in the decision-making system in the production plane are investigated. Conclusions on the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of the modern innovation and information economic space in production processes are provided. The expediency of using different approaches to decision-making modelling, depending on some influencing factors, is substantiated. The possibility of solving the industrial multitasking of decision-making by creating models is proved. These research results are of practical importance for improving management processes in the field of green production in a post-industrial society, regardless of ownership, production volumes and scope of activity

The importance of sustainability issues has increased in every field. Industrial design is one of the important areas that will contribute to sustainability. In the article, it is focused on how to contribute to sustainability through design. The article focuses on the use of recyclable, environmentally friendly materials and reducing material consumption. Within the scope of the article, various studies have been carried out that examine the design-material-sustainability relationship. First, the importance of sustainability in industrial design was investigated. Secondly, the relationship between material and design in industrial designs has been examined in terms of sustainability. Thirdly, products focusing on sustainability have been designed by the students of the industrial design department. Fourthly, an experimental study focusing on sustainability in industrial design was conducted. The experimental study was carried out on metal furniture. Furniture design has been developed in a way that reduces the use of materials, the number of parts, and the number of processes in production and contributes to sustainability. Experimental study shows that design has a calculable impact on sustainability. All studies in the article show the effect of design on sustainability.

To solve the problems of chaotic information management and difficult traceability in the manufacturing process of transformer coils, a traceability and management method oriented towards the manufacturing process of transformer coils has been proposed. This method integrates industrial internet identification resolution and extension of Petri net modeling theory. A comprehensive identification and resolution framework for coil manufacturing processes has been constructed. In this manuscript, the authors proposed an industrial data-sharing space based on the producer-consumer model with unified coding identification. This enables information sharing for all resources, including personnel, machinery, materials, methods, environment, and measurements. A method for modeling extensible identification primitives of coil manufacturing process information was proposed, which formalizes the correlation and data structure of process information. A Petri net model for the comprehensive acquisition and integration of elemental information in coil manufacturing processes, as well as a mathematical model for quality traceability, were constructed, thereby forming a complete path for quality traceability information. Finally, based on the method proposed above, a software and hardware environment for identification and traceability for coil manufacturing was established. Taking a certain type of coil as an example, validation was carried out; the results indicate a significant enhancement in the production management and information traceability capabilities of the coil production workshop. This study provides reference and guidance for the process traceability management of power equipment manufacturing.

Steel fiber reinforced concrete with merits of reducing concrete cracking and improving structural toughness etc., has gradually been applied in tunnel lining support. However, the structural performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete greatly depends on the distribution of steel fibers in the concrete matrix significantly affected by the production process. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on the relationship between the steel fiber distribution and the production process. Starting from the actual project, six kinds of steel fiber reinforced concrete preparation technology were selected, and 18 beam specimens were poured to carry out the flexural performance test of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The test results show that the end hook steel fiber reinforced concrete prepared by MT1 has good performance in terms of damage location, steel fiber distribution, exposed angle, exposed length and bending strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of continuous freeze-drying are increasingly being emphasized, including energy saving, high production efficiency, and superior quality. In this context, an innovative continuous production process and cold trap structure for large-scale freeze-drying equipment is proposed. Built-in alternating cold traps are adopted instead of the stationary type to reduce the defrosting downtime, significantly improving the energy efficiency of the refrigeration and heat pump heating units. In the freeze-drying production of shiitake, comparisons between the built-in alternating cold traps and the stationary type indicate a reduction in energy consumption of approximately 24% for the full production process when the alternating cold traps with tube coils are used, that is, from 1937 kW·h for the stationary type to 1471 kW·h. In addition, the energy consumption for the built-in alternating cold traps with finned tube coils could be further reduced by about 8%. Finally, through the implementation of the new continuous production process and built-in alternating cold traps in industrial large-scale freeze-drying equipment, the systematic energy consumption per unit of food dehydration (kg) is reduced by approximately 40%, i.e., from 1.31 kW·h in the intermittent production process to 0.79 kW·h in the new continuous production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]