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Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to extrapolate and analyze the causes leading to suicide prevention in the Islamic religion, by deducing the relationship between the level of Islamic religiosity and mental health, specifically suicide, then extrapolating the factors or components that lead to suicide prevention in the Islamic religion, as well as analyzing the Islamic faith's position on Suicide, then inferring the effect of belief in fate and destiny on psychological security and in reducing suicide. Methods: This study follows the inductive and analytical approach, based on extrapolating studies and statistics about suicide rates in the world as a whole, then the Islamic world, then the deductive approach by construing and analyzing the relationship between the level of Islamic religiosity and the suicide rate, and the effect of belief in fate and destiny in reducing suicide. The importance of the study: it has appeared in that it addresses non-Arab societies, clarifying the position of Islamic law on suicide. Given that suicide is a global issue, this paper proposes solutions to this phenomenon by presenting Islamic teachings. Results and Conclusions: The study concluded with a number of results. Most notably, the existence of a positive correlation between the high level of Islamic religiosity and mental health at the onset, and that the lower the religious faith and the level of Islamic religiosity, the more this leads to a higher rate of suicide in Islamic countries. Then, the Islamic religion's prohibition of suicide and the stipulation of its punishment on the Day of Resurrection led to a lower rate. Suicide among Muslims, in addition to prohibiting causes that can lead to suicide, such as drug abuse. Recommendations: The study recommends conducting more research in the English language - to further dialogue with non-Muslims - on the impact of the Islamic faith on the problems of the contemporary world including the impact of the Islamic faith in preventing addiction as well in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the standards of the Council of Europe regarding the right to transfer embryos obtained through in vitro fertilization for scientific research. Attention is focused on the fact that, in accordance with the resolutions of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, states are required to treat the human embryo or fetus with respect. This respect is commensurate with human dignity. The following standards of the Council of Europe regarding the right to transfer embryos obtained through in vitro fertilization for scientific research are highlighted: 1) the principle of respect for the human embryo and/or fetus must be enshrined in the legislation of a member state of the Council of Europe; 2) the use of materials and tissues of a human embryo and fetus must be strictly limited and regulated by state legislation; 3) the legitimate purpose that allows the use of a human embryo or fetus should be only to achieve a therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic effect if no other means/means exist; 4) in the industrial context, the use of human embryos and fetuses must be limited by state legislation; 5) state legislation must determine the conditions under which the extraction and use for the purpose of diagnosis or therapy of human embryos and fetuses is allowed; 6) any creation of human embryos by artificial insemination for the purpose of conducting research during their life or after death is prohibited; 7) research on viable human embryos, experiments on live human embryos, regardless of whether they are viable; 8) the grounds of objective biological criteria for the nonviability of human embryos and fetuses must be determined in each state. The transfer and use of human embryological material is possible under the following conditions: 1) free written consent of the donor parents; 2) lack of a commercial aspect. Prohibitions regarding the transfer and use of human embryological material are as follows: 1) prohibition of the purchase and sale of embryos or fetuses, their parts by donor parents or other persons; 2) prohibition of import or export of human embryological material; 3) prohibition of the transfer and use of human embryological material for the production of dangerous and destructive biological weapons; 4) prohibition of the collection to destroy human embryos to obtain stem cells if it is possible to obtain them from tissues and fluids of people of any age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the complex dynamics of khat (Catha edulis) prohibition in the UK, with a particular focus on a Somali community in north-west London. Despite the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs finding no substantial evidence of khat causing societal or medical harms and recommending public health interventions instead of prohibition, the UK Home Office classified khat as a Class C drug in June 2014. This decision raises critical questions about what constitutes a harmful drug. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted during the peak of prohibition discourse in 2013–14, the article explores how notions of harm operate across moral, political, and epistemological registers as people grapple with framing khat’s drug status and the effects of its use. It illustrates how prohibition discourse not only amplified perceptions of khat’s harmfulness but also sidelined the more nuanced concerns of Somali community members over persistent socioeconomic integration issues, mental health, and social marginalisation. Thus, the harm of khat may not lie in its potency as a psychoactive substance but as an object of prohibition that overshadows interventions to address the adverse conditions associated with its use among certain individuals.

In the modern era, with the rapid advancement of science, genetic engineering has provided a suitable foundation for producing transgenic animals to achieve important scientific objectives. However, despite the increasing production of these organisms, one of the prevalent issues concerning them is the examination of their permissibility or prohibition in terms of consumption, and subsequently, the approval or disapproval of using their products in Islamic societies. Therefore, given the necessity of investigating this matter, the present research, through a descriptive-analytical method, explores the effectiveness of genetic modification in permitting the use of transgenic animal products. The findings suggest that if genetic modification affects the nature of the transgenic animal, this process could influence the legal ruling regarding the animal, and consequently, affect the permissibility of benefiting from such organisms' products. Otherwise, even with the occurrence of genetic modification, the process will have no role in determining the legal ruling for transgenic animals.

Islamic law provides guidelines that encompass goodness for humanity in both the present and the future. Among these guidelines are those that alleviate hardship from people in matters of religious duties. Such duties are meant to be within the capabilities of worshippers, ensuring there is no contradiction or conflict in the evidences upon which duties are based. This makes Islamic law comprehensive of all aspects of life, addressing the public interest in every time and place. In cases where there is no explicit text, fatwas may vary between obligation and recommendation, between permissibility and prohibition. Issues that have emerged after the preferred centuries may be subject to more dispute, as the permissible and the forbidden are clear, while there are ambiguous matters in between. The idea behind this topic is to explain the principle of the coexistence of prohibition and permissibility. The researcher aims to outline its foundations, evidence, and similar terms used by scholars and jurists. The researcher has chosen the issue of qat in Yemen as a model to apply this principle to conflicting fatwas concerning qat. This is done based on jurisprudential principles and legal objectives. The study includes a definition of the qat plant and its chemical composition, an overview of the fatwas for and against qat, and the conflict in fatwas regarding its permissibility or prohibition. The application of the principle of the coexistence of prohibition and permissibility in this issue highlights the virtues of Islamic law in addressing contemporary issues faced by worshippers. It also shows methods for weighing different opinions and refers to Arab and international laws that place this plant in both the prohibited and permissible categories, with the aim of providing recommendations that benefit society and address the phenomenon of qat consumption in Yemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the importance of the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation in light of the primary and secondary legislation of the European Union, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. In the context of human rights protection, the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation is a key element of modern judicial rulings in Europe. Both the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) play crucial roles in shaping the standards for the protection of LGBT+ persons by interpreting legal provisions and issuing judgments that influence national legislation. Both institutions emphasize the importance of equal treatment within the framework of human rights, and their rulings contribute to the elimination of prejudice and discrimination. The analysis of the case law of the CJEU and ECtHR demonstrates how LGBT+ rights are integrated into the broader context of human rights protection, which in the long term may lead to changes in social norms and legislation in member states. The prohibition of discrimination, including on the grounds of sexual orientation, undoubtedly constitutes one of the main social and economic objectives of the European Union. This is reflected in the incorporation of this matter into EU primary law, secondary law, and CJEU jurisprudence. The Treaty on the European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) identify equality as one of the Union's values, mandate its promotion, and call for combating all forms of discrimination, prohibiting discrimination based on specified criteria. Furthermore, national measures can be examined in light of the treaty provisions only to the extent that they apply to situations not covered by the treaty's specific anti-discrimination provisions. The author proposes the following theses: firstly, an analysis of CJEU case law reveals a noticeable dissonance between the application of national regulations by member states and EU law in the examined area, which significantly complicates the practical implementation of the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation. Discrepancies mainly arise in national law due to improper drafting of national legal provisions or their erroneous interpretation by relevant national authorities. In particular, the author compares the regulations of member states with Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. An analysis of the directive's content, considering its interpretation by the CJEU, leads to the conclusion that member states implement the directive incorrectly, and the level of protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation is insufficient compared to the requirements of EU law. Member states are obliged to comply with EU law, which includes not only the duty of state authorities to respect directly applicable acts or implement them into national law but also the obligation to interpret and apply national law in accordance with the requirements of EU law. The second thesis results from the analysis of CJEU case law regarding the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation. Although anti-discrimination directives form the foundation of the European Union's anti-discrimination system, particularly in the areas of employment and occupation, the phenomenon of unequal treatment also occurs in other spheres such as access to goods and services or education. This necessitates the adoption of comprehensive legal measures to effectively combat discrimination. The study employs a comparative legal method, involving a comparative analysis of the legal acts of EU member states and the European Union regarding the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation. The comparison of EU acts and national norms reveals the extent of the implementation of the provisions of EU law in this area within the legal systems of EU member states. The aim of this analysis is, among other things, to diagnose areas where these states have improperly implemented provisions of EU law or have incorrectly interpreted them. However, due to the limited amount of case law in this area, the author has limited the analysis to a few judgments. The second method applied is the analysis of the case law of the CJEU. Its rulings constitute a significant part of the study, compelling the author to use the comparative method to analyse judgments based on the same or similar legal grounds in analogous circumstances within the framework of the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Majalat Monazaat Al-Aamal is the property of Majalat Monazaat Al-Aamal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the speed with which US breweries responded to the legalisation of beer in the spring of 1933 as well as the factors that contributed to how long these 1933 breweries survived. We find that around 200 breweries were legally selling beer on 7 April – a majority of these breweries were producing 'near beer' during Prohibition – and that a relatively steady stream of around 50 breweries per month entered across the rest of 1933, bringing the total to 607 by the year's end. We find that larger breweries were able to both enter more quickly in 1933 and to survive longer post 1933. We also find that breweries that commenced sales more quickly within 1933 survived longer than otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weapons of mass destruction are lethal instruments that involve nuclear explosions, radioactive, chemical, and biological materials, and any similar substances. This research addresses the extent and limits of the prohibition of possessing and using such weapons. It has been prepared according to the analytical and comparative methodologies, and its scientific material has been incorporated into an introductory chapter dedicated to definitions and two main chapters. The first chapter deals with the customary, jurisprudential, and judicial prohibition of the use of weapons of mass destruction, while the second chapter discusses the prohibition of the use of such weapons in conventions and treaties. The research has concluded, among other things, that: - The prohibition of possessing and using chemical and biological weapons is agreed upon, while there is disagreement regarding nuclear weapons, despite the fact that international law contains provisions in the convention prohibiting the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering. - Jurisprudence has differed on the legality of possessing biological warfare weapons within the scope of Article 2(4). - The prohibition should extend to the use of all weapons of mass destruction, regardless of their type. - A weapon prohibited under the law of armed conflict does not become lawful in light of the theory of legitimate defense. - The prohibition of such weapons is supported by many theories of international law. - These weapons cause great damage to the environment, and their use constitutes a crime of genocide and a crime against humanity. Although not explicitly included in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the Statute has included in Article 8(2)(b) (17, 18) war crimes (the use of poison or poisoned weapons), as well as (the use of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all analogous liquids, substances or gases). The research recommends adopting dual international criminal responsibility, as international criminal law cannot ignore the responsibility that rests on specific natural persons in connection with criminal acts committed by the state. The exceptions contained in the Rome Statute relating to the absence of international criminal responsibility should not apply in the case of the use of weapons of mass destruction. It also recommends considering the possession and use of chemical and biological weapons and the like as an international crime, especially after the entry into force of the Biological and Chemical Weapons Conventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article mainly elaborates imperative sentence, which is one of the types of simple sentence. It is noted that imperative sentences in the Azerbaijani language express the speaker's insistence, suggestion, request, advice, will, invitation to perform a certain work. The meanings expressed in imperative sentences are determined by intonation, and sometimes by the meaning of verbs. Attention is paid to command sentences expressed by verbs and command words, which are types of imperative sentences. The article also points out that imperative sentences have different meanings and nuances of processing. At the same time, it is shown that adverbs are used to create certain subtleties of meaning in imperative sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial discusses a tragic incident where a 14-year-old boy interacted with an AI chatbot and subsequently took his own life. The author highlights the need for authorities to investigate the circumstances surrounding the incident and raises concerns about the potential dangers of AI technology. The editorial also mentions the EU AI Act, which aims to regulate high-risk AI applications but does not specifically address cases like Character.ai. The author calls for further research and scholarship on AI regulation to prevent similar tragedies in the future. [Extracted from the article]

In our approach, we will attempt to demonstrate that Bataille’s fictional universe is immanent to an intimate dimension of being in the same way as eroticism, which is based on the dialectic of the prohibition and transgression, whereas its cinematic adaptation tends to distort them through a visual representation of sexuality rooted in explicit, debauchery and incestuous relationships. The transition from one medium, one form of expression and one system of signs to another is not without compromise, especially as the spectator becomes witness to a semantic shift, an alteration of meaning produced at the intersection of media frontiers.

Inflaming public opinion about narcotics was the collective goal of anti-narcotics organizers who emerged from the battlefields of the war on alcohol. The most famous was Richmond P. Hobson, who used newspapers, radio, pamphlets, speaking tours, and networking with civic organizations to agitate for reform. This article draws on archival and newly accessible electronic sources to draw a picture of Hobson’s anti-narcotics propagandizing and put it in historical context.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the prohibitions related to coil sewing and weaving in South Wollo. The primary reasons for the study are its limitations in this regard, the existence of benefits, and practical problems. The type of study is qualitative, and the approach is ethnographic. The study found that while prohibition discourses are generally carried out with good intentions, they play both a negative and a positive role. Prohibitions play a major role in teaching and maintaining the existing customs of society. Psychologically, the study indicated that they have the role of protecting the speakers and society from threats, and fear. In terms of the economy, the fact that they hurt economic income by opposing the desire to change, the freedom of work, and choice are themes that are mentioned negatively. The study shows that the prohibitions are based on words, actions, contexts, and actual events, and their representation is mostly symbolic and logical. In a nutshell, it is suggested by the researcher that it is possible to create strategies that can be changed into positive ideas in a community-oriented manner and that continuous research should be conducted in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of scientific sources provides grounds to assert that legal regulation is the regulation of social relations carried out through law and the entire set of legal means. The concept of «regulation» (from Latin regulo - rule) implies organization, adjustment, and bringing something into conformity with something else. In our view, to regulate means to define the behavior of individuals and their collectives, to direct their functioning and development, to provide certain limits, and to organize them purposefully. Alongside this, some scholars relate the term «regulation» solely to law as a system of norms and some other specific legal phenomena (legal relations, acts of law implementation). They disagree with the existing understanding of the regulation of social relations as the rigid and authoritative norming by the state and law, as, in their opinion, the category of «regulation» is not synonymous with coercion, rigid, and authoritative prescription. The legal norm establishes only a model of relations in which social interests must be correlated with the interests of society members, and alongside this, law widely uses such means of influencing people’s behavior as stimulation, encouragement, granting rights, etc. It is argued that to transition to the definition of legal regulation, it is necessary to refer to the theory of law, which provides explanations for the concepts of «legal influence» and «legal regulation». Legal influence is considered a broader concept, as it includes the normative-organizational influence on social relations not only through a system of special legal means (those that directly regulate these relations - legal norms, legal relations, acts of implementation and application of law), but also through other legal phenomena – legal consciousness, legal culture, legal principles, law-making process, etc. A proposed definition states that legal regulation is the authoritative influence on social relations carried out by the state through all legal means for the purpose of their organization, establishment, protection, and development. Besides such (regulatory) influence, law also exerts a spiritual-ideological influence on individual and social consciousness (both in the process of legal regulation and beyond). «Restrictions» and «prohibitions» as legal categories have been analyzed. The etymology of the words «restriction» and «prohibition,» their relationship to each other and to adjacent and synonymous concepts, have been explored, and an original interpretation of the content and essence of these concepts has been proposed. A number of features characterizing restrictions and prohibitions as legal categories have been identified (defined in normative legal acts; established to prevent potential abuses of law; associated with a «narrowing» of an individual’s legal status; presuppose a specific model of behavior, specifically restrictions entail active behavior, meaning to do only what is defined within limits; prohibitions entail passive behavior, meaning to refrain from doing prohibited actions; they perform a protective function in social relations; non-compliance with them is accompanied by a negative response from the state. The concept, characteristics, classification, and a systematic analysis of restrictions and prohibitions as means of legal regulation have been defined. Based on the analysis of dictionary, reference, encyclopedic literature, as well as specialized legal sources, the article formulates original definitions of «restriction». The specificity of these particular restrictions and prohibitions lies in their special area of application (they apply to individuals when exercising their powers within the civil service); they apply to specific subjects (directly to individuals who have the legal status of civil servants); their application is determined by a special purpose; they are characterized by specific, comprehensive normative legal regulation; their application is ensured by state coercion. Distinctive features inherent to restrictions and prohibitions in the field of legal regulation have been identified: individual character; preventive nature; limiting aspect; coercive nature; the presence of a special subject; connection to professional activity; relation to delict norms, and their essence has been explained. The normative basis for defining and applying restrictions and prohibitions as means of legal regulation has been characterized (substantive legislation, procedural legislation, sub-legislative normative legal acts). A classification of restrictions and prohibitions has been conducted, and it is proposed to conditionally divide them into three groups (personal, property, and mixed). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to a healthy environment reflects fundamental values such as the right to life, the right to health, and the right to a healthy and standard quality life that belongs to different generations of humans in the present and future. Trawl net fishing has been carried out in the Persian Gulf for some time, which, according to experts, violates the right to a healthy environment and its fundamental values. In trawl net fishing, a large fish trapping net in the shape of a funnel is used, which is attached to the back of a floating vessel and catches marine organisms at different depths with a coverage coefficient of 90%, causing serious damage to the marine ecosystem. Preservation of the environment is done by supporting the protection, improvement of the environment and preventing and prohibiting any kind of pollution and destructive action that disturbe the balance and suitability of the environment. Preservation of various animal species, including aquatic animals, is an example of environmental protection. In this research, through a descriptive and library method of investigation, by analysing laws and regulations,we aim to answer the question whether it is possible to impose restrictions or prohibitions on this type of fishing in the Iranian legal system? Which laws and regulations can be relied upon to address the damage caused by trammel net fishing to the environment and natural resources? To this end, the constitution, ordinary laws and regulations are first examined, followed by the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the 1404 Vision Document and the Environmental Protection and Restoration Act. Finally, regional and international conventions and international documents are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oftentimes discipline to the children has been guided by the values, principles and religious provisions such as sparing the rod and spoiling the child among others. Such values continue to perpetuate the notion that physical punishment for children is necessary to ensure that they grow uprightly and, in a manner that will be beneficial to them in their personal development. This paper being a comparative study on the national policies for alternative disciplinary processes for learners in Kenyan and South African Schools aims to break down the existing legislations and policies that prohibit corporal punishment in Kenya. The methodology within this paper is pure desk research that relies on articles, books, journals and other sources from academic and professional platforms that highlight the topical issues being tackled herewith. The problems of the existing framework on corporal punishment in Kenya are dissected to bring out its shortcomings. The landscape and indiscipline within the Kenyan education system are highlighted as well as that of South Africa. South Africa having established reforms against corporal punishment becomes a crucial jurisdiction for this study as it provides lessons that Kenya can learn from the South African Experience. From this paper, it is evident that the prohibition of corporal punishment within the education system does not in any way create a gap in terms of disciplining children but rather creates an alternative means of instilling discipline in children, an alternative that is effective in nature and one that has a positive impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the prominent linguistic features in the poetry collection I Feel Different by the poet Ismail Al-Saudi. It seeks to highlight the role of language and grammar in constructing literary texts and uncovering their aesthetic and intended meanings. The study is divided into four main themes: the empty exception and its significance in the poetry collection, prohibition and command and their significance in the poetry collection, interrogation and its significance in the poetry collection, and justification and its significance in the poetry collection. The introduction provides an overview of the importance of language and its role in literary text interpretation. The study employs both descriptive and analytical approaches to explore the linguistic features. It begins by presenting an overview of the linguistic features as mentioned in language and grammar books. Subsequently, the analytical study reveals the purposes and full meanings of these linguistic features in the poetic verses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflaming public opinion about narcotics was the collective goal of anti-narcotics organizers who emerged from the battlefields of the war on alcohol. The most famous was Richmond P. Hobson, who used newspapers, radio, pamphlets, speaking tours, and networking with civic organizations to agitate for reform. This article draws on archival and newly accessible electronic sources to draw a picture of Hobson's anti-narcotics propagandizing and put it in historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to examine the prohibitions related to coil sewing and weaving in South Wollo. The primary reasons for the study are its limitations in this regard, the existence of benefits, and practical problems. The type of study is qualitative, and the approach is ethnographic. The study found that while prohibition discourses are generally carried out with good intentions, they play both a negative and a positive role. Prohibitions play a major role in teaching and maintaining the existing customs of society. Psychologically, the study indicated that they have the role of protecting the speakers and society from threats, and fear. In terms of the economy, the fact that they hurt economic income by opposing the desire to change, the freedom of work, and choice are themes that are mentioned negatively. The study shows that the prohibitions are based on words, actions, contexts, and actual events, and their representation is mostly symbolic and logical. In a nutshell, it is suggested by the researcher that it is possible to create strategies that can be changed into positive ideas in a community-oriented manner and that continuous research should be conducted in this regard.

This article considers the preventable death of Veronica Nelson, an Aboriginal woman who had been denied bail and then suffered a terrible death in custody, which was the subject of recent bail reforms and a Coroner's Report that has recommended sweeping reforms to the management of people in custody. This article considers a reform that the Coroner and the Parliament did not, removing the criminal prohibition on opiate use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Young Intellectuals / Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Young Intellectuals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we present a Lacanian perspective on football, while notably fathoming its normative dimension. Starting with a defining imperative, the prohibition against 'handling' or touching the ball with your hands, diverging football historically from rugby, we will subsequently focus our attention on the role of the foot, the eye (notably the eyes of the audience) and the 'object a' (in the context of gender). Against this backdrop, we will address pressing issues such as the troubled position of the referee (as an 'impossible profession'), the commercialisation of football, and the rising tides of violence, match—fixing and other instances of systemic deviance. As we will argue, football exemplifies modern sport as an arena defined by prohibitions and desire, by inclusion and exclusion, by purity and abuse, culminating in recent challenges involved in gender trouble. Symbolical practices, like modern football, are based on in- and exclusion. Instead of more regulations and dichotomies, we advocate careful attention to the delicate art of handling desire in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the current literary and scientific discourse of the German-speaking area, which only began to deal intensively with issues of gender and queer literature at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century, this paper reveals and analyzes the homosexual and gender discourse presented in the auto-fictional novel Paleta by homosexual/bisexual author Hubert Fichte. The novel was published in 1968 when homosexual relationships were illegal in the Federal Republic of Germany. The goals of the paper are to investigate the (im)possibility of finding self-knowledge, self-stabilization, and happiness in people who are "different" from others, as well as to shed light on the author's role as a forerunner of contemporary gender and queer studies. The paper is theoretically based on post-feminist theories, which hold that gender is a culturally established construct of heteronormative societies.

The article proves that prohibition, as well as the decriminalisation of pornography, is a resonant social issue. In addition to playing the role of a moral and ethical component of public life, it acts as a lever in the international political arena, and also touches upon some matters of financial income and tax revenue. EU legislation generally regards pornography as a phenomenon that does not pose a social or moral and ethical danger. It is noted that with the expiry of the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Public Morality”, the legal justification for a complete ban on pornography in Ukraine has also been lost. The logical continuation of the above legal changes is the revision of criminal legislation on pornography with due regard to the main trends of progressive legal development. The analysis of the information materials to the BRDO’s initiative draft law stipulates that the absence of a regulatory definition of “debauchery” and “place of debauchery” creates conditions under which criminal liability may be imposed on party organisers, hotel and nightclub owners or creators of pornographic materials. Based on this, the BRDO proposes to exclude Article 302 from the Criminal Code of Ukraine as a whole. The BRDO’s argument is indeed convincing. However, it does not take into account the risks of such crimes and offences as: pimping or involvement of a person in prostitution (Article 303 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); prostitution (Article 181-1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of Ukraine). In addition, if Article 302 is removed from the Criminal Code of Ukraine, its parts 3 and 4 will also be lost, which may reduce the protection of minors and young persons. In view of the above, we believe that it would be appropriate to amend the content of part 1 of Article 302 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as follows: “Article 302. Organisation of activities for places to provide paid sexual services and engage in prostitution Organisation and receipt of remuneration from the activities of places for the face-to-face provision of paid sexual services and prostitution – …”.

Bu çalışma, sadece hitap ve muhatap açısından emrin kapsayıcılığını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Emrin tanımı, mahiyeti, oluşumu, fevr ve terâhî gibi konulara giriş yapılmadan, sadece emrin kimlere hitap ettiği ve kapsamının nasıl değerlendirileceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Bâkıllânî'nin referans noktası olarak seçilmesinin sebebi ise, onun mutekellim usûlündeki önemli bir rol üstlenmesi ve usûl konularına vakf (bir konuyla ilgili doğrudan hüküm vermeden askıda bırakma) prensibini uygulaması, aynı zamanda karşıt görüşleri tez-antitez şeklinde sunmasıyla köklü bir yer edinmiş olmasıdır. Bu çalışma aracılığıyla, yer yer Bâkıllânî'nin vakf prensibine ne kadar bağlı kaldığı değerlendirilmekle beraber çalışmada Bâkıllânî'nin hitap ve muhatap açısından emrin kapsayıcılığıyla ilgili görüşlerine odaklanılmıştır.

When developing safety regulations for chemicals, the international society is constantly searching for safer analogues of highly hazardous chemicals to use as alternatives in various products. Within the Scientific Research Work under the State Program ‘Provision of Chemical and Biological Safety in 2021–2024’, The Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of Rospotrebnadzor has developed a concept on replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in various products (food products, synthetic detergents and household chemicals, pesticides, paints and varnishes, basic chemicals) with their safer analogues. Still, we should highlight that regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles has not been developed sufficiently in the RF. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to provide scientific substantiation for criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted. Materials this study is based on are represented by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals in articles and their safe management at all stages of a life cycle, the study provides substantiation of criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted and proposes a mechanism for the creation of a National list of chemicals of concern in articles. When created, this List will allow monitoring of their circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, proper waste disposal, and stimulating research work to find alternatives.