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Control beliefs are adaptive for athletes coping with significant obstacles to sport. Our study tested whether the effects of setback-related primary (PC) and secondary control (SC) on adaptive sport-related outcomes were mediated via setback rumination in collegiate athletes. We recruited 200 collegiate athletes using Prolific, from both Canada and the United States of America (Mage = 22.3 years; 125 women, 69 men, five nonbinary individuals, and one nonresponse). We used structural equation modelling to test direct paths from Time 1 PC and SC and rumination to Time 2 competition anxiety and sport commitment and test indirect paths of PC and SC to the outcomes through rumination. Findings revealed PC directly increased sport commitment, and through higher rumination, PC predicted higher competition anxiety. Athletes' SC predicted lower competition anxiety via lower rumination. We discuss the implications of these findings for athletes managing significant sport setbacks and for sport personnel supporting athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Psychological concerns, such as athlete burnout and diminished well-being, have become a more recognized problem among collegiate student-athletes due to substantial demands. The purpose of this study was to determine if (1) an association exists between athlete burnout and well-being in female collegiate student-athletes and (2) social support has a main or buffering-effect on well-being and athlete burnout. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: 174 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female collegiate student-athletes were recruited from a single institution to participate. A web-based survey was distributed via Qualtrics during the middle of an academic semester. The following scales were utilized to evaluate social support, athlete burnout, and well-being: Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and Warwick Edinburgh Metal Well-Being Scale. Results: Correlation analyses presented a significant negative, moderate correlation (r = −.58, P <.001) between athlete burnout and well-being as well as between social support and athlete burnout (r = −.526, P <.001). A moderate, positive correlation was identified between social support and well-being (r =.604, P <.001). Social support was a significant predictor for reduced sense of accomplishment (F1,172 = 68.32, P <.001), physical and emotional exhaustion (F1,172 = 22.00, P <.001), sport devaluation (F1,172 = 56.51, P <.001), and well-being (F1,172 = 115.3, P <.001). Conclusion: Findings provide new information on theory-based considerations for reducing athlete burnout and improving well-being in female collegiate student-athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of higher education, generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has become a revolutionary influence, shaping how students access and use library resources. This study explores the intricate balance of both positive and negative effects that GenAI might have on the academic library experience for higher education (HE) students. The key aspects of enhanced discovery and retrieval, personalization and engagement, streamlined research processes, and digital literacy and information evaluation potentially offered through using generative AI will be considered. These prospective advantages to HE students offered by using GenAI will be examined through will be examined through the theoretical framework of the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) introduced by Davis et al. in 1986, which suggests that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are key factors in determining user acceptance and utilization of technology. The adoption of GenAI by higher education students will be analyzed from this viewpoint before assessing its impact on their use of library resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine whether caffeine gum influenced perceptual-cognitive and physical performance during the extra-time period of simulated soccer match-play. Semiprofessional male soccer players (n = 12, age: 22 ± 3 years, stature: 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass: 75 ± 9 kg) performed 120-min soccer-specific exercise on two occasions. In a triple-blind, randomized, crossover design, players chewed caffeinated (200 mg; caffeine) or control (0 mg; placebo) gum for 5 min following 90 min of soccer-specific exercise. Perceptual-cognitive skills (i.e., passing accuracy, reaction time, composure, and adaptability) were assessed using a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator, collected pre- and posttrial. Neuromuscular performance (reactive-strength index, vertical jump height, absolute and relative peak power output, and negative vertical displacement) and sprint performance (15 and 30 m) were measured at pretrial, half-time, 90 min, and posttrial. Caffeine gum attenuated declines in reaction time (pre: 90.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 90.7 ± 0.8 AU) by a further 4.2% than placebo (pre: 92.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 88.2 ± 0.8 AU; p <.01). Caffeine gum reduced composure by 4.7% (pre: 69.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 65.9 ± 0.8 AU) versus placebo (pre: 68.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 68.3 ± 0.8 AU; p <.01). Caffeine gum did not influence any other variables (p >.05). Where caffeine gum is consumed by players prior to extra-time, reaction time increases but composure may be compromised, and neuromuscular and sprint performance remain unchanged. Future work should assess caffeine gum mixes with substances like L-theanine that promote a relaxed state under stressful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on an inductive, qualitative study of employees who experienced grief-inducing events such as bereavement or breakup, this paper explores how and with what consequences work becomes a refuge from grief-inducing experiences in people's lives. Using the results of 68 in-depth interviews, I develop an inductive model that shows that grieving employees not only find refuge in work but can also turn their work into a refuge for themselves. In particular, the model explicates how people turn work into a refuge by engaging in job crafting behavior. I also show perceived consequences of this process that occur in both work and life domains. Such consequences tend to be positive, yet those who work significantly harder also experience negative consequences. This paper advances theorizing on grief in organizations and job crafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the effect of taper, length, angle, and number of vertical axial walls on the retentive strength of a cemented crown on a partially customized hybrid abutment in the esthetic zone. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 metal copings were used and divided into two groups. One group had 30 copings cemented to their corresponding 8-degree tapered abutment with lengths from 3 to 8 mm, increasing in 1-mm increments (5 copings per length). The other group had the remaining 5 copings and consisted of a standardized metal coping that matched a hexagonal abutment with 3-mm vertical axial walls and the sequential removal of 1, 2, and 3 contiguous vertical axial walls. Dislodgment tests were performed for all copings in both groups. Maximum retentive forces were measured in retentive strength (kgF), with a conversion factor of 9.807 N = 1 kgF. Results: At each tapered abutment length, the retentive strength increased proportionally and was significantly different, ranging from 31.67 ± 4.10 kgF to 67.68 ± 11.22 kgF (F [5,24] = 20.46, P < .001). An unmodified hexagonal abutment demonstrated the highest retentive strength (70.15 ± 12.97 kgF). The sequential removal of 1, 2, and 3 contiguous vertical axial walls of the hexagonal abutment resulted in retentive strength values of 59.89 ± 10.06 kgF, 57.01 ± 9.62 kgF, and 55.99 ± 9.35 kgF, respectively, with no significant difference (P > .05) in strength. Conclusions: A partially customized abutment with vertical axial walls on one side and a profile reduction on the opposite side can provide comparable retention to cemented copings at one-third the length and at one-sixth the surface area of an 8-mm abutment with an 8-degree taper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employers face many dilemmas in effectively implementing work–life flexibility to support employees' personal lives. A key issue is that some employees hold jobs with limited opportunities for work–life flexibility, making them susceptible to burnout; yet most employers believe they can do little to mitigate this dynamic. Furthermore, even when employees hold jobs with greater access to work–life flexibility, some do not take advantage of their flexibility to more fully engage in work and/or home roles. These issues are further exacerbated when supervisors are unsure of their role in supporting work–life flexibility. We identify work–life supportive context as a key factor that provides solutions to these dilemmas. Drawing on job demands resources theory, we posit that, when organizations provide work–life supportive training to supervisors, it promotes a work–life supportive context (i.e., signaling that the organization is supportive of employees' managing their work–life interface), which mitigates burnout for those with limited work–life flexibility and promotes engagement in work and home roles for those with greater work–life flexibility. Results from a year‐long randomized field experiment suggest that, in contexts with trained supervisors and lower employee control over work schedules and boundaries (i.e., lower work–life flexibility), emotional exhaustion is reduced. In contexts with trained supervisors and higher employee control over work boundaries (i.e., higher work–life flexibility), family engagement increases. Surprisingly, irrespective of job access to work‐life flexibility, supervisor participation in work–life support training did not enhance employee work engagement. Implications of our findings for fostering work–life supportive contexts are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study compared the effects of individualizing supramaximal interval rowing interventions using anaerobic power reserve (APR [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed according to individual APR (HIITAPR)]) and power associated with maximal oxygen uptake ( W V ˙ O 2 max [HIIT prescribed based on the individual W V ˙ O 2 max (HIITW)]) on the homogeneity of physiological and performance adaptations. Methods: Twenty-four well-trained rowers (age 24.8 [4.3] y, stature 182.5 [3] cm, body mass 86.1 [4.3]) were randomized into interventions consisting of 4 × 30-second intervals at 130%APR ( W V ˙ O 2 max + 0.3 × maximal sprint power) with weekly progression by increasing the number of repetitions per set (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, from first to sixth session) and the same sets and repetitions with the intensity described as 130% W V ˙ O 2 max. The work-to-recovery ratio was 1:1 for repetitions and 3 minutes between sets. Responses of aerobic fitness indices, power output, cardiac hemodynamics, locomotor abilities, and time-trial performance were examined. Results: Both HIITAPR and HIITW interventions significantly improved V ˙ O 2 max , lactate threshold, cardiac hemodynamics, and 2000-m performance, with no between-groups difference in changes over time. However, HIITAPR resulted in a lower interindividual variability in adaptations in V ˙ O 2 max and related physiological parameters, but this is not the case for athletic performance, which can depend on a multitude of factors beyond physiological parameters. Conclusions: Results demonstrated that expressing supramaximal interval intensity as a proportion of APR facilitates imposing the same degrees of homeostatic stress and leads to more homogeneous physiological adaptations in maximal variables when compared to prescribing a supramaximal HIIT intervention using W V ˙ O 2 max. However, lower interindividual variability would be seen in submaximal variables if HIIT interventions were prescribed using W V ˙ O 2 max. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, in March of 2020, the state of Virginia issued a stay-at-home order requiring fitness center closures for 2.4 months. The purpose of this study was to explore how the fitness center closures influenced physical activity (PA) in older adults who previously participated in the centers' exercise classes. Eleven older adults (69.0 ± 6.6 years) completed semistructured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed to identify emergent themes. Ten participants reported engaging in PA during the stay-at-home order; four participants maintained/increased PA compared to prepandemic levels. Four themes emerged regarding PA are as follows: recognition of the value of PA, high self-efficacy in regard to PA, adaptation to circumstances, and functional limitations. Findings suggest that prior exercise class participation positively influenced PA. While most participants did not maintain prepandemic PA levels, they remained active because they recognized the benefits of PA, had high self-efficacy for exercise, and adapted to their circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To support older adults during the first wave of COVID-19, we rapidly adapted our effective health-promoting intervention (Choose to Move [CTM]) for virtual delivery in British Columbia, Canada. The intervention was delivered (April–October 2020) to 33 groups of older adults ("programs") who were a convenience sample (had previously completed CTM in person; n = 153; 86% female; 73 [6] years). We compared implementation outcomes (recruitment, dose received, retention, and completion of virtual data collection) to predetermined feasibility targets. We assessed mobility, physical activity, and social health outcomes pre- and postintervention (3 months) with validated surveys. We met most (dose received, retention, and virtual data collection), but not all (recruitment), feasibility targets. Approximately two thirds of older adults maintained or improved mobility, physical activity, and social health outcomes at 3 months. It was feasible to implement and evaluate CTM virtually. In future, virtual CTM could help us reach homebound older adults and/or serve as support during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines individuals' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to the destabilization of their occupations, how their responses differ, and why. We focus on the context of journalism, an occupation undergoing severe destabilization in the U.S. and seen as deeply meaningful by many of its incumbents. Drawing on two waves of interviews with 72 unemployed or former newspaper journalists, conducted over five months, and additional interviews with 22 others, we identified two sets of responses, each characterized by distinctive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns. Building on these findings, we developed the construct of "meaning fixedness" to capture the extent to which individuals view the meaning of the different components of their work to be fixed within one occupational context or flexible across different occupations. We found that participants held different interpretations of journalism's destabilization and assessments of how portable their work components were to other occupational contexts: flexible-meaning perceivers generally engaged in actions to reinvent their career, while fixed-meaning perceivers engaged in actions to persist in journalism with the hope that their occupation could be restored. Our findings culminate in a model of meaning fixedness and how it shapes individuals' navigation of occupational destabilization. This research uncovers an individual-level perception that has the potential to shape the varied responses to occupational changes observed in prior research, contributing to the literatures on occupations, the meaning of work, and role transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals deeply socialized into professional cultures tend to strongly resist breaking from their professions' core cultural tenets. When these individuals face external pressure (e.g., via new technology or regulation), they typically turn to peers for guidance in such involuntary reinventions of their work. But it is unclear how some professionals may voluntarily break from deeply ingrained views. Through our study of French anesthesiologists who practice hypnosis, we aim to better understand this little-explored phenomenon. Adopting hypnosis, a technique that many anesthesiologists consider subjective and even magical, contradicted a core tenet of their profession: the need to only use techniques validated by rigorous scientific-based research. Drawing on interviews and observations, we analyze how these anesthesiologists were able to change their views and reinvent their work. We find that turning inward to oneself (focusing on their own direct experiences of clients) and turning outward to clients (relying on relations with clients) played critical roles in anesthesiologists' ability to shift their views and adopt hypnosis. Through this process, these anesthesiologists embarked on a voluntary internal transformation, or reboot, whereby they profoundly reassessed their work, onboarded people in adjacent professions to accept their own reinvention, and countered isolation from their peers. Overall, we show a pathway to such reinvention that entails turning inward and outward (rather than to peers), a result that diverges significantly from prior understandings of professionals' transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee mental health is a central issue in today's global workplace. This paper analyzes the effect of high performance work systems (HPWSs) on employee mental health. We integrate HPWS concepts with job demands‐resources (JD‐R) theory to examine competing theoretical perspectives—a positive HPWS influence and a negative HPWS influence on employee mental health. We examine employees' perceptions of psychological empowerment as an indicator of the motivational pathway of the JD‐R and work‐role overload as an indicator of the strain pathway to explain the differential effect of HPWSs on mental health. We also incorporate organizational identification theory to demonstrate how one's identification with the organization can either accentuate or attenuate feelings of both psychological empowerment and work‐role overload. Findings from a study of 999 employees in 174 South Korean organizations indicate that HPWSs are positively associated with employee mental health via employee perceptions of empowerment and that HPWSs are negatively associated with employee mental health through perceptions of work‐role overload. Furthermore, the study finds that organizational identification attenuates the relationship between HPWS and both empowerment and overload. Practice‐level post hoc analyses also reveal that the job design characteristics, pay level, and participative decision‐making are linked to empowerment. In addition, participative decision‐making is most strongly associated with work overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower limb exoskeletons and exosuits ("exos") are traditionally designed with a strong focus on mechatronics and actuation, whereas the "human side" is often disregarded or minimally modeled. Muscle biomechanics principles and skeletal muscle response to robot-delivered loads should be incorporated in design/control of exos. In this narrative review, we summarize the advances in literature with respect to the fusion of muscle biomechanics and lower limb exoskeletons. We report methods to measure muscle biomechanics directly and indirectly and summarize the studies that have incorporated muscle measures for improved design and control of intuitive lower limb exos. Finally, we delve into articles that have studied how the human–exo interaction influences muscle biomechanics during locomotion. To support neurorehabilitation and facilitate everyday use of wearable assistive technologies, we believe that future studies should investigate and predict how exoskeleton assistance strategies would structurally remodel skeletal muscle over time. Real-time mapping of the neuromechanical origin and generation of muscle force resulting in joint torques should be combined with musculoskeletal models to address time-varying parameters such as adaptation to exos and fatigue. Development of smarter predictive controllers that steer rather than assist biological components could result in a synchronized human–machine system that optimizes the biological and electromechanical performance of the combined system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research shows that individual cognitive style affects whether employees benefit most from a brokering or a dense network. But do people build the network structure in which they perform best? We address this question by advancing a novel two-stage explanatory model that explicitly disentangles the network formation process from its performance effects. We hypothesize that "adaptors" (i.e., individuals inclined to focus on implementable solutions through commonly accepted and well-defined approaches) perform best when their network spans structural holes. Yet, these same individuals systematically forego opportunities to build relations across structural holes. By contrast, "innovators" (i.e., individuals inclined to focus on envisioning creative solutions that break away with established approaches) draw no or even negative performance returns from structural holes. Nevertheless, their inclination is to build ever-new bridging relations. We test and find support for this counterintuitive hypothesis through a randomized longitudinal field experiment enabling us to disentangle empirically both stages of our theorized process model. Our findings help illuminate why people may build networks that hurt their performance, shed a new light on the role of individual cognitive style in shaping network advantage, and bear concrete implications for organizations aiming to leverage networks to enhance employees' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to understand how family caregivers of people with dementia managed changes caused by COVID-19 restrictions and how they adjusted to the lifting of restrictions. A particular focus of the study was on understanding the impact of social isolation, a reduction of social interactions, and reduced access to healthcare services. Methods and measures: Fourteen voluntary caregivers (nine women) were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Results: Five themes were identified based on reflexive thematic analysis: (i) Outlets to cope with lockdown; (ii) 'Not all doom and gloom': A silver lining amid COVID-19; (iii) Optimism helps provide resilience; (iv) The challenges and joys of reopening; and (v) Caregiving toward a new normality. Conclusion: The research highlighted difficulties reported by family caregivers and people with dementia during COVID-19, while also showing how such carers coped. Interviews also identified ways that family caregivers often used optimism to help navigate through lockdown and to tackle the reopening stage. Family caregivers in this study reported coping well overall, but welcomed the lifting of restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Population‐based colorectal cancer screening programs decrease mortality, but the participation rates are still unsatisfactory. Drawing from relevant psychosocial literature, this study aims to test a widely integrated theory of planned behaviour model applied to colorectal cancer screening attendance. The model considered, at the same time, additional proximal predictors (anticipated regret and self‐identity) and distal (via attitude) predictors (trust in institutions and perceived risk in their affective and cognitive facets) of intention. On top, to bridge the intention–behaviour gap, the role of two additional mediators (action and coping planning) was explored. In May‐June 2022, 435 adults residing in Campania (Italy) joined a survey assessing variables of interest. Structural equation model results showed that both action and coping planning, which were predicted by intention, significantly predicted attendance. Intention was predicted by attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, anticipated regret and self‐identity. Attitude was predicted by trust in institutions and affective perceived risk. A parallel mediation analysis confirmed the role of both action and coping planning as full mediators in the intention–behaviour relation. The proposed comprehensive model can inform future interventions and orienteer the improvement of healthcare access processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pastoralists' sedentarisation and agriculturalisation might increase their vulnerability to climate change impacts, but few studies have investigated if this is the case in mountain areas. In Uganda, little is known about how Sebei pastoralists have perceived and adapted to such changes. This study sought to establish perspectives of Sebei pastoralists on climate change in terms of its occurrence and impacts as well as access to livelihood assets and or opportunities to withstand such challenges. Method: This study was conducted in Mount Elgon areas of Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was employed using qualitative approaches. Data were collected using focus-group discussions with men and women village elders to assess their perceptions regarding climatic changes, impacts and adaption strategies used. Data were analysed using thematic and content analysis approaches. All analyses were done using NVivo version 14. Results: Respondents reported changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, fog and temperatures, with negative impacts on fodder availability, milk production and pests and diseases. Study participants mentioned using several adaptation strategies with regard to animal rearing, crop farming and livelihood diversification. Among others, participants reduced herd size, migrated longer distances, stored wild grass, used crop residues as feed and increased 'self-medication' of their cattle. Conclusions: Access to funds, markets and technical advice were the main barriers to adaptation identified. Institutional support—now only focused on improved breeds—should consider the multiple strategies used by pastoralists, and the constraints they highlighted, including the need for mutual learning space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use and influence of coping mechanisms vary across cultures and evaluation methods. Limited research exists on coping mechanisms for non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP) in African societies. This secondary qualitative study explored adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies used by adults with CLBP in Nigerian and Zambian communities. Methods: Primary qualitative data from studies in rural Nigeria and peri-urban Zambia were used. Primary data were collected through in-depth face-to-face interviews with adults living with back pain to explore their experiences and coping strategies. Thematic analyses of interview transcripts from both studies were conducted using the framework approach, combining inductive and deductive analysis techniques. Findings: Participants used a mix of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies for CLBP. Some strategies had both positive and negative aspects, with varying effects on individuals. A few participants focused on adaptive coping, staying positive, and actively managing their pain through stretching, exercise, pacing activities, spirituality, and belief in their strategies. They avoided seeking treatment for their back pain. Discussion: The nuances in coping with CLBP should be taken into consideration when developing coping assessment strategies and rehabilitation interventions for individuals with CLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with high rates of unemployment, and barriers for work are essential to identify in the regular follow-up of these people. The current study aimed to culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire-23 (MSWDQ-23). Methods: Following backward and forward translation, the Norwegian version of the MSWDQ-23 (MSWDQ-23NV) was completed by 229 people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis and by associating scores with employment status, disability, and health-related quality of life outcome measures. Convergent validity was checked by correlating MSWDQ-23 scores with alternative study measures. Internal consistencies were examined by Cronbach's alfa. Results: A good fit for the data was demonstrated for the MSWDQ-23NV in confirmatory factor analysis, with excellent internal consistencies also demonstrated for the full scale and its subscales (physical barriers, psychological/cognitive barriers, external barriers). The MSWDQ-23NV subscales were related in the expected direction to health-related quality of life outcome measures. While higher scores on the physical barriers subscale was strongly associated with higher levels of disability and progressive MS types, higher scores on all subscales were associated with not working in the past year. Discussion: The Norwegian MSWDQ-23 is an internally consistent and valid instrument to measure perceived work difficulties in persons with all types of MS in a Norwegian-speaking population. The MSWDQ-23NV can be considered a useful tool for health care professionals to assess self-reported work difficulties in persons with MS. The Norwegian MSWDQ-23 scale should be examined for test-retest reliability and considered implemented in the regular follow up at the MS-outpatient clinics in Norway to support employment maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resilience refers to an individual's ability to thrive despite adversity. Children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) face numerous challenges during school age due to speech and aesthetic differences compared to typically developing (TD) children. This study aims to compare the resilience levels between Malaysian children with CL/P and TD children, utilizing the Malay-translated Resilience Scale-10 (RS-10)© ([Wagnild, Resilience scale for children (RS10) user's guide 2015, n.d]). Results: A total of 121 Malaysian children comprising 52 CL/P and 69 TD children between the ages of 7 to 12 years participated in this study. Among the children with CL/P, 49 exhibited intelligible speech with mild to moderate differences, while three had severely reduced intelligibility. Participants completed the RS-10 online with parental assistance. The total mean scores of resilience for TD and CL/P were 30.80 ± 4.28 and 33.15 ± 6.01 respectively. The t-test results showed no significant differences in resilience scores between groups and across genders. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference between age groups. Regression analysis revealed that age and group were marginally significant predictors of resilience scores. Specifically, each additional year of age was associated with a 0.47-point reduction in RS-10 scores highlighting coping difficulties associated with CL/P in older children. Conclusions: The findings highlight the resilience of Malaysian children with CL/P, showing they can achieve resilience levels similar to their TD peers, particularly when speech outcomes are favourable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This paper examines whether perceived neighborhood disorder is associated with trajectories of cognitive functioning and whether religion mitigates this association among U.S. older adults. Methods Data are drawn from the 2006–2016 Health and Retirement Study (N = 12,669). Religious belief and religious attendance are assessed as potential moderators. Growth curve models are used to estimate trajectories of cognitive functioning over time. Results We find that perceived neighborhood disorder is associated with lower cognitive functioning at baseline; however, religious belief mitigates the impact of perceived neighborhood disorder on the level of cognitive functioning. For instance, individuals with high religious belief, despite experiencing high perceived neighborhood disorder, show better cognitive functioning at baseline compared to those with high disorder but low belief. While frequent religious attendance is associated with higher cognitive functioning at baseline, it does not moderate the impact of perceived neighborhood disorder on cognitive functioning. Discussion This study underscores the protective role of religious belief against cognitive aging in the face of neighborhood disorder, suggesting that personal faith may provide a cognitive reserve or coping mechanism. Our findings also imply that the absence of religious belief, combined with high perceived neighborhood disorder, may produce a compounded negative impact on cognitive aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexualized drug use (SDU) has been associated with various motivations (e.g. coping with emotional distress, enhancing sexual functioning) and factors related to sexo-relational well-being (e.g., sexual satisfaction, performance anxiety). However, there is a lack of comprehensive models exploring associations between motivations for SDU and sexo-relational correlates. This study examined motivations related to SDU and their associations with sexo-relational correlates (e.g., sexual satisfaction, compulsivity). A community sample of 1,196 adults from Quebec completed an online survey on sexual health, including a questionnaire on SDU and related motivations and validated questionnaires on sexual satisfaction, sexual performance anxiety, body shame, discomfort with sexual communication, sexual compulsivity, and a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were performed on the SDU motivations questionnaire, followed by path analysis to test for sexo-relational correlates motivation domains. The EFA revealed four SDU motivations: increasing satisfaction and sensations (Factor 1), increasing sexual self-esteem (Factor 2), mitigating distress (Factor 3), and increasing sexual responsiveness and functioning (Factor 4). Higher performance anxiety and sexual compulsivity were associated with higher scores on all four motivation factors. Greater body shame was positively linked to Factors 2 and 3 and negatively to Factor 4. Sexual satisfaction, discomfort with sexual communication, and CSA were, respectively, uniquely associated with Factors 1, 3, and 4. The results provide insight into the heterogeneity of motivations for SDU and into the relationship between these motivations and sexo-relational well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living in a stepfamily can be stressful due to several challenges that confront individuals within stepfamilies, hence adaptive coping is vital for wellbeing. Nonetheless, little research focus has been devoted to understating how individuals within stepfamilies cope with family-related distresses. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, this study explored coping strategies used by 11 stepparents and 22 adolescent stepchildren in the Ghanaian context. Findings show that whereas stepchildren adopted a wide range of coping strategies which were mostly emotion-focused, stepparents used less diverse strategies. Nonetheless, both groups used strategies that were both emotion-focused and problem-focused although, for stepchildren, two of the problem-solving strategies were maladaptive. Findings reflect the imbalanced power hierarchy that exists within the stepfamily household that tends to disadvantage stepchildren. Implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scalable light-touch programs that align with the Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) approach is becoming an established intervention model for refugee youth with symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) is one example and, as TF-CBT guidelines state, parent sessions are included as the model relies on parents to provide support and instigate the techniques. In addition to traumatic stress, refugee families are often subjected to acculturative, isolation and resettlement stress. This study sought to understand how refugee parental involvement in TRT functions in practice and how it is perceived by participating youth, parents, and facilitators in Sweden. Thirty semi-structured interviews (11 youth, 8 parents, and 11 TRT facilitators) were conducted by phone or videoconference, transcribed, and analyzed using Thematic Network Analysis. A global theme 'Parental engagement in trauma recovery requires dedicated attention' emerged. Three organizing themes sat within this global theme: (i) Shifting roles when adapting differently to a new context; (ii) Tendency to keep parents at a distance; and (iii) Parent sessions don't just happen. Whilst the potential for refugee parent involvement was recognized, a number of factors preventing their participation were identified. Cultural adaptations within TRT facilitators' training are recommended, including: raising awareness about contextual factors and changes in family dynamics with regard to trauma and migration; adopting culturally responsive ways to present parental involvement to youth and parents; adding positive parenting skills; addressing parental mental health and readiness; and preparing facilitators to redirect parents to adequate services, when needed. Highlights: In order to successfully engage refugee parents in trauma recovery intervention, the facilitators need to strive for cultural humility, be aware of stressors in the refugee context, changes in family dynamics and support the youth in disclosing participation to parents in a culturally responsive way. Enhancing parental sessions with positive parenting skills in addition to psychoeducation and trauma recovery techniques, may increase youths' motivation to involve parents. Facilitators need to be aware of and direct parents to other services in order to support parents to be ready to participate. Time and resources to establish relationships and trust are important for successful involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual surveys continue to demonstrate an increasing prevalence of mental health difficulties among college students, resulting in increasing help seeking behaviors. One factor identified as predicting both well-being and mental health symptoms among college students is family functioning. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES-IV) is a popular instrument that assesses family functioning for use in both clinical and research contexts. However, the FACES-IV has not been specifically validated among the college student population. This study examined the psychometric properties of the FACES-IV with 684 primarily female college students from 18 colleges and universities across the northeastern, midwestern, and southern United States in 2018. Given the data, an alternative three-factor model of the FACES-IV was explored with the sample. Implications for using the FACES-IV in research and practice with college students are discussed. Highlights: Family functioning impacts college students' mental health. An alternative, three-factor model of the FACES-IV is proposed. Implications for research and practice using the alternative model are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the sources of parenting stress and the coping strategies adopted by parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in China. The current study aimed to explore the stress and coping strategies adopted by Chinese parents using stress-coping theories. A qualitative study was conducted on fifteen parents whose children, aged between 7 and 11 years (from primary school grades one to five), had received a formal diagnosis of ADHD. The findings revealed that Chinese parents use individual, family and school coping strategies to cope with their stress. The themes that emerged from the data included five types of stressors and eight coping strategies. The choice of the strategy adopted by the parents was influenced by cultural and environmental factors; in particular, family coping strategies required the availability of a supportive spouse and a supportive family culture. Similarly, school coping strategies required the availability of school involvement opportunities and school support resources. Since the support offered by teachers and mental health professionals such as school counsellors and social workers can be strengthened, this study recommends ways to strengthen the support provided to parents of children with ADHD. Highlights: This study examined the coping methods adopted by Chinese parents whose children have ADHD within the Chinese cultural, social and educational context. The results revealed that the children's symptoms, parents' personality traits and perception, extra family burden and additional family conflict as the primary sources of the parental stress. Whereas parents employed individual, family and school coping strategies in reacting to the stressors. Chinese parents were more self-critical in a collectivist culture and they engaged in self-reflection, self-criticism and self-regulation as a stress coping process. Chinese parents felt the lack of social and school support, especially the pressure from teachers' criticism and the lack of empathy for their children. They expect to get some social resources to help them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by models of resilience in military families, we explored factors theorized to be associated with social-emotional resilience and risk among young military-connected children. Our secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 199 military-connected families (n = 346 parents) with at least one preschool-age child in the home (n = 199) led to the empirical identification of two distinct clusters: families with children demonstrating healthy social-emotional functioning and those showing indicators of less healthy social-emotional functioning when compared to the first group. We then identified factors associated with membership in each cluster to determine which deployment and parental well-being variables were salient for young child adjustment. Parent psychological symptoms, parenting, child behavior, and parent-child relationships were measured by parent report and observed interaction. Children with healthier social-emotional functioning were found to be residing with families experiencing less stress and distress. The importance of maternal trauma history is highlighted in our study, as elevated maternal symptoms across all three posttraumatic stress disorder symptom domains were associated with child social-emotional risk. Basic family demographic characteristics did not contribute significantly to the cluster distinctions, nor did military service factors such as active duty, reserve or veteran status, military rank or parent deployment history. These findings are important as the results deemphasize the importance of military service characteristics and highlight the importance of parent well-being when considering social-emotional risk and resilience of young children within military families. Highlights: Military-connected families with lower levels of stress were more likely to have preschoolers with positive social-emotional adjustment. Elevated maternal symptoms in all three posttraumatic stress disorder domains were associated with child behavioral risk. Family military service and demographic characteristics did not contribute significantly to social-emotional child adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the multifaceted character of depression and its related symptoms, an adolescent living with it is at increased risk for a wide range of adverse events. This research aimed to understand and characterize the psychosocial rehabilitation experiences of depressed teenage participants in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional semi-structured interview design influenced by an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) technique was adopted. We employed a nonprobability, purposeful sampling approach to recruit twenty-one adolescents (6 males, 15 females) diagnosed with depression from the community after one month of discharge from admission and undergoing psychosocial rehabilitation. Using separate interviews, we gathered and analyzed data using interpretive phenomenological analysis to produce themes and sub-themes. These were presented with the participants' direct quotations. We discovered that the perspectives of adolescents' psychosocial rehabilitation experience include hopelessness and suicide ideation, coping difficulties, undesirable attitudes from support networks, challenges related to school, and isolation. Participants suggested appropriate therapeutic environments, encouraging support systems, and the media's role in preventing and treating depression among young people as rehabilitation approaches that could assist adolescents to remain lucid for longer intervals. These results shed light on the tragic realities faced by depressed adolescents. There is an urgent need to put well-defined structures in place to aid their rehabilitation and develop coping strategies for a better life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children affected by war and political violence deploy agentic competencies to cope with trauma symptoms and psychological difficulties. However, it does not always act as a protective factor to help them adjust to potentially traumatic events. Aims: We expected to explore the association between agency, trauma symptoms and psychological difficulties and the mediating role of hope and life satisfaction in a group of child victims of military violence in Palestine. Methods: 965 children aged 8 to 14 were assessed with self-reported measures, War Child Agency Assessment Scale, Children Revised Impact of events scale, Strengths and difficulties scale, Child Hope Scale and Brief Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale. Structural Equation Modelling was performed having Agency as a predictor, trauma symptoms, psychological difficulties as an outcome variable and life satisfaction and hope as a mediator. Results: We found a direct and positive effect of agency on trauma symptoms, psychological difficulties, and life satisfaction and hope on the two dependent variables. Life satisfaction and hope mediated the association between agency and the outcome variables. Conclusion: Agency can help defend children from trauma and psychological maladaptation when it acts on life satisfaction and hope. At the same time, it might worsen psychological dysfunctions when working directly on trauma symptoms and difficulties. Clinical interventions must help children to foster agentic resources in activating hope and life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Boston Marathon is a highly regarded event in the running world, not just for its prestige and challenging course, but also for its implementation of a psychology team to support runners. The 2013 Boston Marathon bombings underscored the essential role that mental health support plays at this event, prompting the development and expansion of its innovative care model. This review critically outlines, evaluates, and analyzes the approach and effectiveness of the psychological care model provided to runners on race day as part of the Boston Marathon medical team, including the standard of care, how it functions, and best practices for other marathons. The implications for this review contribute to the increasing trend of providing psychological care in marathon and other athletic settings, and to provide a framework for standardizing assessment and intervention procedures for both elite and novice runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted during the first 8 months of the Russo-Ukrainian war, investigating an interplay of resilience, coping strategies and perceived stress in Ukrainians of various age groups, war experiences and displacement statuses. The study was conducted on the sample of 18–76-year-old Ukrainians (n = 337) using the COPE, CD-RISC-10 and PSS-14 scales. It aimed to understand how Ukrainians cope with war-stressors and stay resilient. Data analyses, including Bayesian ANOVA, independent samples t-tests, linear regressions and bivariate correlation, were conducted using JASP and IBM SPSS-23. The results of the quantitative study showed that Ukrainians attributed their resilience to perceived self-efficacy, regulating emotions and flexibility. It was also found that the pattern of most and least preferred coping strategies was relatively consistent across all the sample subgroups. Thus, to cope with war, Ukrainians relied on 'planning', 'positive interpretation and growth', 'acceptance' and 'active coping' and refrained from 'behavioural disengagement', 'denial' and 'substance use'. It was concluded that coping strategies may be significant predictors of Ukrainians' resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to war is linked to negative mental health outcomes. Self-compassion and emotional intelligence may foster post-war adjustment processes differently depending on the time since the event happened. This study examines post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in civilians exposed to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war shortly after and 6 months post-conflict, while investigating self-compassion and emotional intelligence's protective role. War-exposed civilians self-reported on PTSS, self-compassion, and trait emotional intelligence at two phases. Results showed greater PTSS shortly after war relative to 6 months later. Lower self-compassion scores were related to more PTSS at the first phase, whereas lower emotional intelligence was associated with more symptoms 6 months later. These data show how war-exposed Armenians coped, highlighting individual characteristics' effects, and suggest varying resource utilization during post-war adjustment. Specifically, self-compassion may be a protective factor shortly after war, whereas emotional intelligence may protect individuals against having adverse health outcomes later on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Empirical evidence shows women are more likely to report food hardship (e.g., food insufficiency and food insecurity) compared with men. Coronavirus disease-19 exacerbated these gender disparities; however, the impact of postpandemic social/economic/regulatory changes on women's food sufficiency and coping strategies has not been examined. This study evaluates factors associated with food insufficiency among women postpandemic. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design and analyzed data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey. Variations in the likelihood of food insufficiency by age, income, household composition, race/ethnicity, region, metropolitan status, and employment status among women were evaluated using logistic regression with state-level response clustering. Among women reporting food insufficiency, associations between these characteristics and likelihood of utilizing food assistance programs and/or donated foods were assessed. Interaction terms accounted for the intersectional nature of these characteristics. Results: Compared with White women, Black (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, 1.88) and Hispanic (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.52, 2.07) women were more likely to report food insufficiency. These likelihoods were higher in households earning <$100,000 (Black OR = 13.17, CI = 10.82, 16.02; Hispanic OR = 9.32, CI = 7.72, 11.25) and <$35,000 (Black OR = 8.65, CI = 15.31, 22.71; Hispanic OR = 17.86, CI = 3.64, 23.40). Racial/ethnic differences were observed among households with children; no effects appeared in multi-adult households. Food-insufficient Black (OR = 3.74, CI = 2.23, 6.28) and Hispanic (OR = 1.36, CI = 0.79, 2.36) women were more likely to use food assistance programs than Whites. Food-insufficient Hispanic women were more likely to use donated foods (OR = 2.71, CI = 1.84, 3.99). Conclusion: Food insufficiency among low-income Black and Hispanic women, particularly those with children, is likely to have persisted postpandemic, suggesting a high likelihood of dietary deficits in these households. Additional resources should be dedicated to meet the dietary needs of women and children in vulnerable households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: For midwifery students, differences between the academic and clinical settings may cause culture shock, as a result of the dynamic and demanding nature of clinical practice. This study explored culture shock among midwifery students during clinical attachments in Brunei Darussalam, as they developed leadership and management skills. Methods: Through written essays, 43 university students shared their perspectives on factors contributing to culture shock, challenges hindering clinical learning, and suggestions for how to enhance the learning experience. Their essays were analysed thematically. Results: Culture shock resulted from a lack of familiarity with the clinical environment, role confusion related to leadership and poor communication and adaptability skills. The participants emphasised the importance of a gradual introduction to leadership, and advocated for more practical, hands-on learning. Conclusions: Further research is needed to investigate additional strategies for improving students' readiness in developing their leadership and managerial skills. Implications for practice: Educators and clinical policymakers must collaborate to improve student preparation for clinical practice. Educators should address clinical challenges, while clinical policymakers should invest in training for staff to effectively mentor students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a neo-institutional perspective to examine possibilities and obstacles for participation in coordinated individual planning (CIP) for people with intellectual disabilities. CIP is a tool for interprofessional and interorganizational coordination with the objective of creating a joint plan for a person needing cohesive care. Participation by the service-user is considered important for effective coordination but involving someone with an intellectual disability may require special adaptations. A thematic analysis of interviews with 17 professionals from different organizations in Sweden reveals that service user participation is considered an important goal by professionals, but also that it is difficult to put into practice. The results indicate that CIP is characterized by tensions and policy-practice decoupling that limit the service-users' possibilities for participation. Points of interest: Different organisations and professionals sometimes give support to one individual. They need to coordinate this support. It is necessary for service-users to be involved in coordinated planning of the support and care they need. The study analyses how professionals experience participation in coordinated planning when the service-user has an intellectual disability. The study found that coordinated planning can be difficult to adapt for service-user participation. The study found a gap between ideals and practice caused by the organizations' rules, norms, and structures. The findings reveal a risk of focusing on changing the service-user's behaviour or situation rather than addressing problems within the organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Persistent pain is the biggest global cause of years lived with disability. Physiotherapists working in pain care aim to take a holistic perspective helping persons to gain a multidimensional understanding of their condition and achieve meaningful goals despite their symptoms. In recent years there has been a paradigm shift in physiotherapeutic pain care toward a psychologically informed physiotherapy approach. Physiotherapists have incorporated principles of strategies such as: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); psychological flexibility; or mindfulness-based therapies in helping persons move forwards despite their pain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of physiotherapists using psychological strategies in pain care. Methods: Seven participants were purposefully recruited for this study and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methods were used to analyze the data. Master themes were developed to help express the qualitative meanings of the lived experiences. Findings: Seven master themes were identified: 1) Trust; 2) Active listening; 3) Developing understanding; 4) Exploring the journey; 5) Making it meaningful; 6) Being held; and 7) Holding space and sitting with emotions. All themes are interwoven and profoundly connected in the essence of a safe "space." Conclusion: Participants described a journey toward holding space and sitting with emotions. All themes were interwoven and profoundly connected in the essence of a safe "space," where persons can voice their emotions in a non-judgmental environment. The themes may represent a pathway for the physiotherapist to facilitate a person on their journey of healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk of delaying or not performing diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours because of their social or self‐stigmatization. Aim: The study aimed to reveal the effect of stigmatization on diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours and predictors of stigma and diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 235 individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS) and Diabetes Health Promotion Self‐Care Scale (DHPSCS) were used for data collection. Results: There was a significant, negative correlation between the DSAS and DHPSCS scores. High mean scores on the DSAS and its subscales treated differently, blame/judgement and self‐stigma were predictors of a negative effect on diabetes self‐care behaviours. Poor health status, alcohol intake and diabetes complications are predictive of stigma. Insulin use and self‐monitoring blood glucose are predictors of self‐care behaviours. Conclusion: Stigma negatively affects diabetes self‐care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Nurses could provide education on improvement of health status, harms of alcohol intake and management of diabetes complications. Counselling for coping with stigma and performing self‐care could be provided. Nurses could organize interventions to raise awareness about diabetes in society. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours are important to ensure diabetes management in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Stigmatization is known to negatively affect individuals with type 2 diabetes. What this paper adds? Negative correlations were found between stigmatization and diabetes health promotion self‐care behaviours.Treated differently, blame and judgement and self‐stigma were found to be predictors of a negative effect on diabetes health promotion self‐care.Poor health status, diabetes complications and drinking alcohol were found to be predictors of diabetes stigma. The implications of this paper: Nurses should deliver education on enhancement of health status, damages of alcohol intake and management of diabetes complications.Nurses should offer psychosocial support programmes to avoid self‐stigma in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Nurses could perform interventions to increase awareness about diabetes in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effect of the provision of care on health outcomes when provided based on Orem's Self‐Care Deficit Theory during perinatal period. Background: The perinatal period is a process with multidimensional care needs for the mother, baby and family. Care based on nursing theories can improve the quality of perinatal care. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Review methods: Studies on this topic from 2006 to 2020 have been accessed by nine database searches. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklists for experimental and quasi‐experimental studies, developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. This study was conducted by following the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Results: This systematic review included nine studies with a total sample size of 839 women. These studies showed that care based on Orem's theory significantly helped prolong the mean duration of pregnancy, reduced the incidence of preterm labor, improved hygiene behaviour and increased empowerment. Concerning the perinatal period, this intervention significantly improved self‐care and readiness for hospital discharge, adaptation and breastfeeding self‐efficacy and reduced nipple pain and pain due to abdominal distension. Conclusions: The implementation of this theory into care during the perinatal period can contribute to improved health outcomes. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The quality of pregnancy and postpartum care is important for the maternal health.The use of nursing theories—which nursing knowledge is produced—improves care quality and ensures that care is organized systematically. What this paper adds? There is insufficient research that supports Orem's theory of self‐care deficit in pregnancy and postpartum care and also no systematic review about this topic, but the current meta‐analysis showed that postnatal and prenatal treatments based on Orem's theory have a positive impact on the self‐care agency. The implications of this paper: The use of Orem's theory helps nurses understand women and their needs during pregnancy and postpartum periods.Integrating Orem's theory of self‐care deficit into pregnancy and postpartum nursing care services can help increase women's self‐care power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID‐19 overwhelmed all healthcare workers, especially nurses, who worked tirelessly in patient care in extremely stressful situations. Italy, with its hospital overcrowding and staff shortages, exacerbated these negative consequences. Design: A three‐wave prospective longitudinal‐design was adopted to use validated scales to examine the trend of stress, anxiety, depression and resilience on the professional quality of life of nurses who worked during the pandemic. During an 8‐month period, a sample of 411 individuals was recruited and surveyed three times. Results: Resilience showed an increasing positive trend from the first to the third wave, increasing its effects on the outcomes and demonstrating its important protective role. The compassion fatigue showed progressively higher scores in the three waves, indicating greater workload perception and greater difficulty in managing the patients' perceived stress. Burnout increased in the first compared to second waves but decreased significantly in the third wave, due to the effect of resilience on burnout that was significantly stronger in the third wave. Conclusion: Our findings align with the literature about the role of resilience and emphasize the importance of investing in strategies aimed at developing resilience in healthcare workers and providing prevention and assistance to them in terms of job demands and unsustainable stressors. Summary statement What is already known about this topic? Studies have shown that healthcare workers, and in particular frontline workers, are more prone to burnout, psycho‐physical disorders (insomnia, fatigue, irritability) and cognitive disorders (difficulty in concentrating) than other professions and healthcare workers in other units.In contrast, potential protective factors were found to be compassion satisfaction, resilience and psychological capital, indicating that high levels of these constructs can keep healthcare workers strong and stable.The persistence of the pandemic and emergency situation exacerbated these negative effects, maintaining high levels of pressure and forcing healthcare workers to face additional challenges. What this paper adds: (research findings/key new information) This study found that the psychological stress of health workers increased as the pandemic increased, especially in those who had to work on the front line.Even under conditions of high stress and risk, the effect of resilience over time results in a noticeable and significant reduction in anxiety, which translates into better management of the situation and an enhanced ability of nurses to cope, considering the challenges faced during the experience The implications of this paper: Knowing how the health of our healthcare workers evolves, knowing the factors that influence them psychologically is useful and essential to creating mental health strategies, which should be timely, flexible and holistic to protect our healthcare workers.Implementation of psychological support is recommended for these workers, but above all a series of timely interventions to assist and support them. Evidence to support this derives from the effect of resilience on the professional quality of life of these workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between coping styles, social support and quality of life among disabled older adults and to examine the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between social support and quality of life. Methods: Using a purposive sampling method, three investigators conducted a face‐to‐face questionnaire survey of eligible participants in the geriatric department of a tertiary care hospital in one of the largest cities in southern China between August 2021 and March 2022. A total of 187 questionnaires were collected, of which 176 were valid, with an effective response rate of 94.1%. Results: Social support and positive coping were positively related to disabled older adults' quality of life, while negative coping was negatively related to both social support and disabled older adults' quality of life. According to the mediating effect analysis after covariate adjustment, positive coping completely mediated the relationship between social support and older adults' quality of life (p < 0.01), with the mediating effect size accounting for 76.9% of the total effect. Negative coping had some mediating effect on the relationship between social support and older adults' quality of life (p < 0.01), with the mediating effect size accounting for 13.0% of the total effect. Conclusion: The quality of life of disabled older adults is low, which is closely related to their social support and coping styles. Therefore, it is important to recognize and emphasize the key role that social support systems play in improving the quality of life of this population, broaden their access to social support and guide them to adopt positive coping styles. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Disability has become a serious public health problem with a high incidence in the elderly population.As the population ages, the number of people with disablilities is gradually increasing.Disability can seriously affect the quality of life of older adults while increasing the burden of care for families and healthcare workers. What this paper adds? Social support, coping style and quality of life of disabled older adults are closely related.Good social support can improve the coping style of disabled older adults, thus improving the quality of life of disabled older adults. The implications of this paper: From a practical perspective, by studying the relationship between coping styles, social support and quality of life, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges and needs faced by disabled older adults, which can help to develop more specific and effective interventions to improve the overall quality of life of disabled older adults.From an academic perspective, this study will fill the research gap on this specific topic in the existing literature and provide a foundation and inspiration for future research in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to review the experiences and needs of postpartum Chinese women undergoing 'confinement' or 'doing‐the‐month' a postpartum practice after childbirth. Methods: A meta‐synthesis was reported in alignment with the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement. Ten electronic databases were searched for eligible primary qualitative or mixed‐methods studies in English and Chinese from their inception until December 2021. Two reviewers independently reviewed the methodological quality of the included studies using the 10‐item Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) qualitative checklist, with discrepancies resolved through discussions. The meta‐synthesis was conducted based on the two‐step approach by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: Four themes were meta‐synthesized from 13 studies: 'confinement' as an essential practice; physical and psychological stressors during 'confinement'; coping strategies by postpartum women; and needs for family, social, and professional support in enhancing satisfaction with 'confinement'. The review showed that 'confinement' remains a significant practice shaped by socio‐cultural and health constructs. Conclusion: This review suggested re‐evaluating the 'confinement' practice and promoting evidence‐based care to improve maternal well‐being. Nurses and midwives should be cognisant of such postpartum customs and adopt non‐judgemental attitudes as early as the prenatal period to provide culturally sensitive care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? 'Confinement' is said to aid physical recovery after childbirth.Studies have shown that this practice can lead to the development of postnatal blues among some postpartum women. What this paper adds? This review delineates how sociocultural factors govern postpartum women's beliefs, behaviours, and experiences during 'confinement', thus allowing healthcare professionals to better understand the influences of postpartum practices on maternal mental health. The implications of this paper: The novel insights herein will aid healthcare professionals in formulating culturally appropriate care to improve postnatal confinement experiences and maternal psychological well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A peer‐mediated, play‐based intervention has been developed to address social participation challenges experienced by children with ADHD. To facilitate implementation into clinical practice, interventions should be evaluated for appropriateness to the end‐user, as well as effectiveness. Previous research demonstrated the approach is effective for improving children's social play skills. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of the intervention for children with ADHD and their families. Methods: Parents of children with ADHD who participated in the play‐based intervention were interviewed 1 month after completion. Parents were asked about their perspective of parent and children's experiences of the intervention, the perceived benefits for children and parents, the logistics of participating, and recommended adaptations to the intervention. Interviews were analysed thematically, and themes were mapped to the elements of the adopted definition of appropriateness to understand whether parents supported the appropriateness of the intervention for their families. Consumer and Community Involvement: Consumers were not directly involved in the decisions made about this study. Findings: One core theme, 'collaborative efforts', emerged from the data. Major themes comprising the core theme were 'on the same page', 'therapeutic relationship', and 'getting the job done'. Three sub‐themes of 'engagement and motivation', 'the effort was worth it for the reward', and 'Rome wasn't built in a day' were nested within the major themes. Conclusion: Parents largely supported the appropriateness of the intervention, indicating it addressed an important goal for their child, participation was a positive experience, and they perceived the intervention to be beneficial. Future adaptions of the intervention are needed to increase its ecological validity and to generalise the strategies to other social environments and playmates, such as peers at school. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY This study looked at an intervention that uses play with peers to help children with ADHD develop their play skills. The researchers wanted to know if parents thought the intervention was a good fit for their families and if it helped their children. Parents gave an interview a month after the intervention ended. They were asked about their thoughts on the intervention, how it helped their children and themselves, how easy it was to take part, and what changes could be made to make the intervention better. After analysing parents' answers, the researchers found parents mostly agreed that the intervention was a good fit. They said it helped their children to play with their peers, and they had a good time doing it. Parents thought the intervention was helpful, they liked that it was a joint effort between them and the occupational therapist, and they felt it was worth the effort. However, they also suggested some changes. They wanted the intervention to fit into other real‐life social situations, such as school, so their children could use the skills they learned in other places. Overall, parents thought the intervention was helpful and suitable for their children and themselves, but some changes might make it more helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of adapting and translating an evidence‐based occupational therapist‐delivered program shown to be effective in the community to residential aged care (RAC). The program aims to improve quality of care and quality of life for people living with dementia and the wellbeing of the family care partner. Methods: This study took place in a not‐for‐profit RAC home in Adelaide, South Australia. Mixed methods, specifically questionnaires, activity logs, focus group, and one‐on‐one interviews were used to evaluate the feasibility of the program implementation. Staff working in the participating home, occupational therapists trained to deliver the program, and residents and their family carer partners were included. Quantitative data were analysed using proportions, means, and standard deviations. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach. Consumer and Community Involvement: This study was conducted together with a consumer (person living with dementia) and a carer representative (family member of someone residing in RAC). These representatives provided input towards the study design, interpretation of study data, discussion of results, and recommendations for future consideration. Results: Small changes to the program improved feasibility and acceptability for delivery in RAC. While the care home staff required added support during implementation, the intervention therapists felt that the program could be delivered in this setting. Family care partners of residents with dementia felt that the program may be better suited if provided upon entry to RAC or in early stages of dementia. Conclusion: Adapting a community‐based dementia care program to RAC can be safe and feasible. Program adaptations are necessary for feasibility. Further adaptations and evaluations of associated outcomes (related to residents with dementia and their family care partners) are needed to assess the program effectiveness in larger scale. Plain language summary: Spending quality time with family members in residential aged care is important. However, many struggle to know what to say or do when visiting a family member who lives with dementia. Programs that teach families about how to communicate with people living with dementia, how to support them to take part in important everyday living activities, or how to understand why changes in behaviours may occur have not been available in residential aged care. This paper describes how we adapted one such evidence‐based program from community to residential aged care settings. We consulted with people living with dementia, carers, and families and found that the program could also be valuable in this care setting. Residential aged care staff described how the program is very different to what is usually available in residential aged care, but they were optimistic that with the right support, it could be a valuable way to support residents with dementia and their families. Family members of residents with dementia and therapists delivering the program felt that residents in early stages of living in residential aged care and/or early stages of dementia could benefit the most from these programs. We found that including family members in the intervention process can be useful and empowering for families and residents. Future work should also focus on involving other staff members caring for residents in the process. Communication between staff and families is the key for program delivery and success and treating each person as an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The intensive care unit environment exposes nurses to high-stress situations that potentially affect their mental and physical health. Resilience is a protective factor that can enhance the well-being of intensive care unit nurses. Objective: To investigate the current evidence regarding resilience in intensive care unit nurses and identify factors that promote resilience. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken for primary research conducted between January 1990 and December 2022. The updated framework of Whittemore and Knafl was used as a guide. Studies were critically appraised for methodological quality by using the Johns Hopkins Nursing evidence-based practice appraisal tool. Results: Twelve studies were included; most used quantitative methods to measure resilience. The findings indicate that intensive care unit nurses exhibit various levels of resilience, the literature contains inconsistencies about factors affecting resilience, and resilience protects nurses against negative psychological outcomes. Discussion: Nurses' resilience levels should be regularly assessed to identify areas for improvement and gauge the impact of resilience interventions. By continuously monitoring and adapting support strategies on the basis of resilience changes over time, organizations can meet the needs of intensive care unit nurses. Conclusion: More research is needed to comprehend the factors that impact resilience and devise interventions to boost resilience in intensive care nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the concordance between parental and self-rated and performance-based tests of executive function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A secondary aim was to explore how this concordance is related to parents’ self-rated life satisfaction and status as a carrier mother versus non-carrier mother. In a cross-sectional study design, 70 boys with DMD, aged 5–14, and their parents were included. Results indicated no significant correlation between performance-based measures and parental or self-rated assessments of executive function (EF). However, parents with low life satisfaction and/or carrier status rated their child’s EF skills significantly lower. But self-rated life satisfaction did not correlate with status as a carrier mother or the performance-based measures of the boys’ and the boys’ performance-based EF skills did not correlate with either their parents’ life satisfaction or status as a carrier mother. These findings indicate that the two sources of information may not measure the same construct. One possible explanation for this is that our data supports the framework of hot and cold executive function (EF) skills and that these EF skills must be identified using different methods. Another possible explanation could be that parental ratings of child EF skills may also include measurement of carrier burden, parents EF skills, and the families’ abilities for psychosocial adjustments in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary traumatic stress (STS), the emotional duress that results when an individual hears about the firsthand trauma experiences of another, is a significant concern for many social workers, particularly those in high-stress and trauma-exposed environments such as emergency rooms or psychiatric hospitals. Newly graduated social workers are especially susceptible to STS due to their limited experience and exposure to the emotional distress of clients. Yet, limited studies have focused on newly graduated social workers and STS. This study is twofold: (1) it attempts to provide insight into the experiences of pediatric emergency room social workers (PERSW) with STS, and (2) to explicate the utility of the findings in practical strategies to assist newly graduated and current social workers entering high-stressful work environments. A thematic analysis and semi-structured interviews were used with twenty-three pediatric emergency room social workers with at least one year of experience. The analysis revealed three themes: (1) the trauma of the job, (2) the effects of STS, and (3) coping strategies for STS. The findings underscore the need for a specialized toolkit for new graduates in pediatric emergency social work, offering resources and strategies tailored to the unique challenges of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) into Spanish. Methods: The English KPPS was forward translated into Spanish, back translated, and revised by the original developers. Cross-cultural adaptation of relevant target groups was conducted following COSMIN standards. Cognitive pretesting in Spanish people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and pain was performed via three semi-structured focus group meetings. Changes were implemented based on qualitative and quantitative analyses. A Delphi study (two rounds) of individual assessments by Spanish experts was conducted. Changes were implemented based on the Content Validity Index (CVI) at item and scale levels (I-CVI/S-CVI). Results: Five Spanish professionals performed the initial translation. Thirty-eight inter-translation inconsistencies were identified, and consensus was reached for a unified version. After back translation and confirmation with scale developers, the pre-final Spanish KPPS was obtained. Cognitive pretesting in 30 people with PD-related pain identified 5 items where terminology changes were made to assure comprehensibility. The Delphi study in 14 Spanish experts underlined the necessity to further modify two items. After the second round, all experts agreed on the modifications and I-CVI and S-CVI were satisfactory. Conclusions: The KPPS was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted into Spanish. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) was translated into Spanish by 5 independent experts. Cross-cultural validity was assessed by Spanish Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients and neurology experts. The Spanish KPPS adaptation was relevant, understandable, and comprehensive. Rehabilitation professionals will have access to the Spanish KPPS version for assessing PD-related pain in Spanish speaking patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a cross-sectional study, researchers investigated pregnant women's quality of sexual life and marital adjustment. The sample consisted of 312 pregnant women admitted to the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of State Hospital between June and November 2020. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Quality Scale-Female (SQLQ-F), and Marriage Adjustment Test (MAT). Participants with one child had a significantly higher median SQLQ-F score than those with three or more children. Participants with 8–12 wk of pregnancy had a significantly higher median SQLQ-F score than those with 25 wk of pregnancy or longer (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between SQLQ-F and MAT scores (r = 0.447. p < 0.001), suggesting that the higher the quality of sexual life, the better the marital adjustment. Health care professionals should be aware of the effect of sexual life on marital adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]