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Although scholars have discussed in depth about the evaluation content and the construction of evaluation index system of emergency management and crisis management, a unified and standardized interpretation of system construction concepts and empirical research on the performance evaluation of urban emergency management is still lacking. In view of this, this paper is based on the theory of the crisis life cycle, with the four phases of urban emergency management and the content of the task as a clue, constructed a performance evaluation index system containing 12 primary indicators and 44 secondary indicators, and centered on the emergency management work situation of S city. The study reveals that emergency management underperforms in S city, with a score of 5.948, qualifying as the "defined level". The "prevention and preparedness stage" receives poor evaluation, indicating a significant bias for crisis response instead of prevention. The report suggests the improvement of emergency material stockpile planning, the formation of grassroots emergency response teams, the emergency management publicity, and special emergency drill plans, etc., with a view to providing reference for city managers to comprehensively review and evaluate the emergency management system, and to promote the construction of a more systematic, complete and scientific urban emergency management system.

This article is concerned with an institutional initiative designed to encourage the development of an outreach culture which can support fairer, more equal, access to higher education (HE) in India. The initiative constituted the final impact phase of a 5-year Fair Chance Foundation (FCF) research project (2017-2022) which explored gendered pathways to fair access to HE in the northern Indian state of Haryana. We present the methodology used to prepare a toolkit, named an Outreach Activity Resource (OAR), which enabled staff in government colleges in Haryana to plan and conduct pilot 'taster days'. The article provides an assessment of the outcome of these events. It argues that a practitioner as researcher methodology and a collaborative 'bottom up' research approach provide the basis for the development of contextually appropriate outreach activities to support fairer, more equal, access to higher education (HE). We argue that the adoption of 'top down' initiatives, in very different economic, social and cultural contexts to the those where they were originated, may fail to address the way in which the local 'problem' presents itself and may hinder the development of a contextually informed outreach culture which will support fairer, more equal access to HE. In contrast, initiatives such as the one presented here can contribute essential locally informed expertise, built on contextually informed research, to national and international policy making in relation to widening access to HE in an era in which massification is extending across the globe.

Although multimodality has received vigorous attention and debate in English as a foreign language (EFL) research and classroom pedagogies, the practicality of using multimodal activities in curricula that are designed to teach language skills rather than multimodality is under researched. This paper contributes to the ongoing need for practical applications of multimodality in classroom contexts by describing how a multimodal video project was introduced into an EFL classroom in a Japanese university. The class was following a communicative curriculum prescribed by the university, which had not previously focused on multimodal approaches. The multimodal project was used to assess student's communicative performance. The students worked in groups to create public service announcement (PSA) videos, with the aim of delivering an informative message to highlight a health or social issue that they felt was important. In the project the students: (1) analysed several PSA videos; (2) researched social and health issues; and (3) worked together to plan, film, and edit a final digital product that was displayed in class for their peers. The authors found that the multimodal project worked successfully as a means of assessing communicative language because it generated a wide range of learning opportunities for improvement in English language proficiency and the students could engage in communicative activities with a high degree of autonomy and motivation. Moreover, students could gain experience communicating through multimodal platforms and improve their understanding of multimodal literacies. However, the multimodal project created challenges for the teacher in how to give effective feedback on students linguistic output as well as their multimodal output within the constraints of a busy language classroom.

Purpose: Vocational education in Hong Kong suffers from an image problem. Stakeholders often perceive it as a second-best option for those who fail to advance in academic education. In 2016, to promote vocational education, the Hong Kong government launched a publicity campaign and rebranded vocational education and training (VET) as vocational and professional education and training (VPET). This study critically analyzes the new discourse crafted by this campaign and assesses its potential to change VPET's status. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies critical discourse analysis to the set of television public service advertisements produced as part of the government publicity campaign. Findings: The messaging of the publicity campaign consists of two major discursive strategies. One stresses the ability to find self-fulfillment through VPET. The other stresses the academic ability and middle-class status of VPET students as well as the non-manual and high-end career opportunities for graduates. While the first strategy offers a new basis on which to value VPET, the second recreates assumptions about the value of academic achievement and what constitutes respectable employment, even as it attempts to challenge stereotypes. It reinforces that the ultimate goal of education is financial gain and social status. It overlooks other values of education and the potential value of VPET in enhancing individual choice and agency. Research limitations/implications: Discourse analysis does not provide information about audience perceptions and interpretations. Social implications: The government could consider reframing their messaging in terms of the diverse values and experiences of VPET students. Highlighting the values that VPET students themselves see in their education provides alternative discourses that can better challenge hegemonic ideas. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first discourse analysis of the government's publicity campaign to promote VPET.

With increased competition for talented students and academic staff, many universities have recognised the importance of brand building to better position in the field. This study selected a recently founded public university in China as the case to explore in what way a young university's brand is constructed and to what extent such a brand is recognised by different stakeholder groups. Multiple sources of both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed, informed by the theoretical lens of Bourdieu's symbolic capital. Findings of this study show that a university's brand conveys symbolic meaning and serves the function of distinguishing oneself from competitors in a non-market field. This study also suggests that the value of a particular university's brand is not equally recognised by different stakeholders. A properly managed brand can generate advantages for universities, particularly young ones, to occupy their position in the field.

This article develops a pedagogical approach to increase students' ability to locate and (re-)create publics for the issues about which they care most. By drawing Rhetorical Genre Studies into public sphere theories, this approach blurs the boundaries between widely-dispersed genres (those with large readerships across communities) and narrowly-dispersed genres (those with smaller readerships within singular communities) to show that almost any genre can contribute to public (re-)creation when it encourages public uptakes. The article first explores how these public uptakes work with a case example before turning to pedagogical examples, which include the strategies of (1) mobilizing known genres, (2) selecting concrete locations, and (3) tapping into an ecology. Expanding our understanding of how genres across blurred dispersions can (re-)create publics ultimately expands our students' possibilities for authentically locating, engaging, and (re-)creating these publics.

In the world today, there are 5 million international students studying abroad, including those at the universities in Japan. This research investigates the factors influencing the study abroad decision-making of Chinese international students, based on the results of two surveys and semi-structured interviews. It focuses on the universities' international environment and overseas publicity. The results were used to test the following hypothesis: "Chinese international students who decide to study in English-speaking countries/regions are more affected by universities' international environment and overseas publicity than those who decide to study in non-English-speaking countries/regions, such as Japan." Sample size emerged as a limitation of this study. Thus, future research should conduct analysis based not only on the "JASSO Study Abroad Fair," which provided the sample for this study, but also on a variety of study abroad fairs with larger sample sizes.

The increased publicity of mass shootings and the COVID-19 pandemic have fueled American demand for firearm purchases. Firearm violence has largely been blamed on people with mental illnesses instead of firearm accessibility, despite the lack of population-level evidence associating mental illness with firearm violence perpetration. We support interventions and policies to limit firearm access in homes, schools, and by all intimate partners who have been convicted of domestic abuse. We advocate for restrictions on the civilian purchases of semi-automatic rifles and large capacity magazines. Finally, we call for research addressing firearm violence as an environmental and structural issue, not an intrapersonal one.

Genre studies on the job cover letter (letter of application) have focused mainly on linguistic analyses of the genre in terms of the generic structure and linguistic strategies commonly used by applicants. These studies have taken the view that the cover letter was an open-ended opportunity for favourable self-promotion. However, to date no study has provided a detailed description of the context in which these letters were written. This study examines one essential contextual aspect, the job advertisement, and its impact on the cover letter. It aims to determine if the cover letter is still of major significance in the application process in the digital era. Based on a genre-based analysis of a case study of an online job advertisement from an Australian-based recruitment website together with the response of an applicant, it is found that the open-ended and creative cover letter may no longer be the preeminent genre of the job application process.

Recently, a number of prominent teen girl activist leaders have been gaining the world's attention, but how do girls not in the public eye and with less social power think about activism? Moreover, how do girls who may not exclusively define themselves as activists, negotiate their own desire to contribute to social change with challenges they identify as holding them back from doing so? Through qualitative research with eight teenage girls in Toronto, I explore the ways these teen girls define the "activist," their role in activism, and the challenges holding them back from being more active. My methodology is congruent, reflecting my feminist and youth studies commitment to girls leading research, and my findings indicate that such an approach is crucial in order to truly understand how girls with less social power and public visibility experience the world and their roles within it. Doing so also challenge pre-conceived notions and standards of extraordinary girlhood. The findings coincide with what Catherine Rottenberg refers to as neoliberal feminism. The extraordinariness implicit in visible activism framed the girls from my study's views on what it would take to be a true activist themselves, which was both intimidating and also at times is in contention with their monumental care and concern for loved ones.

As a fundamental subject of medical education, human anatomy plays a critical role in the development of medical science. However, because of multiple factors including cultural conservativism and limited social understanding, China is facing a particularly severe shortage of bodies donated for anatomy education. Zhengzhou University (ZZU) has continued to uphold whole-body dissection as the preferred method for medical students to learn anatomy. For this study, records of registered individuals (who have signed a body donation agreement) and donors (whose bodies have been received) from 2001 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the body donation program (BDP) at ZZU, and then reinforce the social understanding for the BDP. The results showed a significant increase in the numbers of both registered individuals and donors since 2015, which is the year the publicity and commemoration in honor of donors were increased. There were no significant differences between the biological male and female sexes in the registered individuals, but the number of male donors (12.85 ± 10.86, per year) was significantly higher than that of female donors (4.75 ± 4.53, per year). The current donor profile at ZZU is male in his 60/70s, while the profile of registered individuals is male or female in their 60s. Strengthening the publicity and commemoration in honor of donors may contribute to the implementation of BDPs.

Senior citizens are becoming a larger and more significant part of the workforce as they desire to work longer. Companies have found these individuals bring valuable skills to the workplace; however, they frequently need to update those skills or pursue new degrees. Since 1976, Georgia has had a law granting senior citizens tuition waivers in the state's public higher education institutions, thus allowing them the ability to take courses to update their skills. This study assessed the current status of the tuition waiver program by reviewing web sites of the 26 institutions in the University System of Georgia to determine how well the program is publicized. It also reviewed enrollment data to determine whether senior citizens are taking advantage of the benefit. The results reveal that web sites vary widely in publicizing the program, very few sites are easy to navigate, and a very small proportion of senior citizens are utilizing the tuition waiver. It is recommended that institutions improve their sites to enhance awareness and enrollment. Also, chambers of commerce, workforce development agencies, and senior citizen support agencies are encouraged to market the program more widely, thus providing benefits to the individuals, employers, and the economy.

This study aimed to evaluate the Public Relations and Publicity associate degree distance program available to students through Open Education Faculty at Anadolu University, Turkey. The study used Erden's (1998) component-oriented model and a convergent mixed methods design employing an online questionnaire form. The study population included students who had "active student" status in the program during the spring semester 2017. The study sample consisted of 412 students, who submitted complete questionnaire forms. The responses to the closed-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive coding. The results showed that the participants had a high level of overall satisfaction with the program, and they particularly had more positive attitudes towards the e-learning platform among all the components. However, they had less positive attitudes towards the textbooks and the measurement and evaluation processes. In addition, the participants who stated that they used the e-learning platform had more positive attitudes towards all the components than the other groups in general. In the light of the results, some suggestions were made to improve the program like reviewing some of the program components such as the textbooks and measurement and evaluation practices.

This research was aimed to explore the demands of the people in the communities in order to develop multimedia and activities to promote products made by state enterprise communities in the Bangmod Project 4.0 through Community-Based Learning among undergraduate students of King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, to examine the perception and the satisfaction of the local people regarding the multimedia and activities, to evaluate the work and to determine the satisfaction of the students towards Community-Based Learning. The tools in this study consisted of 1) the questionnaire on the demands of the local people regarding the multimedia and activities, 2) the multimedia and activities to promote products made by the state enterprise communities in Bangmod Project 4.0 which included offline and online contents as well as special activities, 3) the quality evaluation forms in terms of contents and media presentation, 4) the perception survey form, 5) the satisfaction questionnaire for the local people, 6) the self-evaluation form for students, and 7) the satisfaction questionnaire for students towards the community-based learning. There were two sampling groups as in 1) 22 local people out of 4 state enterprise communities which participated in Bangmod Project 4.0 and they were purposively chosen for this research, 2) 30 undergraduate students who enrolled in the ETM 358 Marketing Communications course which followed the community-based learning approach and these students were purposively chosen out of those who went to the field at least 4 times. The research results showed that the local people in the state enterprise communities expressed a level of demands on the multimedia and activities to promote their products for online and offline media as well as special activities. They wanted to promote 12 products. The quality of the multimedia and activities as evaluated by the experts in contents showed that the quality was at a very good level ([x-bar] = 4.67, S.D. = 0.20). The quality of the media presentation was at a very good level ([x-bar] = 4.87, S.D. = 0.24). The perception level of the local people about the multimedia and activities was at a high level ([x-bar] = 4.41, S.D. = 0.18) and the local people expressed the highest level of satisfaction towards the multimedia and activities ([x-bar] = 4.80, S.D. = 0.79). The students rated themselves at a very good level (83.72%) and their satisfaction towards the community-based learning was at the highest level ([x-bar] = 4.77, S.D. = 0.24). It can be concluded that the multimedia and activities to promote products made by state enterprise communities in Bangmod Project 4.0 through Community-Based Learning were of good quality and they could be used to promote the products of the local communities.

With roots in the Latin "curious", meaning "full of care or pains, careful, assiduous, inquisitive," the word "curiosity," like this forum on "Current Challenges to Honors Education," grows out of both the pain and promise of critical inquiry. This essay takes up the challenge of moving honors from the periphery to the heart of higher education by daring to redefine the college or university itself. Honors fosters--and even demands--the curiosity to look beyond the comforting confines of one's own mind. Facilitating the conversation, collaboration, and innovation that shape a curious university, honors offers students, faculty, staff, alumni, and community members both space and reason to meet across disciplinary lines. Through cross-disciplinary programming, innovative reward systems, expansive messaging, and broad partnership building, honors assumes the role of campus and community leader by issuing a dare to know that defines and shapes the curious university.

The recently adopted TEKS for English I-IV that will be implemented in 2020-2021 require students to write for a variety of purposes and audiences, to practice the writing process, and to engage in reflective writing. These standards can be difficult to meet when literacy instruction is confined to classroom borders, where students often write only for the teacher, using a limited set of composing processes, without opportunities for written reflection. One type of composition pedagogy that expands literacy instruction beyond classroom borders and immerses students in authentic rhetorical situations is service learning. In this article, the authors describe how service-learning projects in which students write for community partners allow students to write for external audiences, in real-world genres, employing complex composing processes, with ample opportunities for deep reflection. They also describe the experiences of a group of English II students who partnered with their local Department of Public Safety to write public service announcements that were published on the Department's Twitter feed. The authors hope to inspire other ELA teachers in Texas to incorporate service learning into their courses as a way of extending literacy instruction beyond classroom borders.

There is a need for teenagers and adolescents to be aware of mental health topics that affect their peers and community as well as resources for how to seek help. Project Mental Health Awareness (PMHA) is a self-sustaining program designed to be incorporated into any junior high or high school curriculum to increase mental health awareness and promote early recognition by teenagers. The program facilitates and guides students through the process of creating Public Service Announcements (PSA) with mental health themes. After picking a mental health theme, the students must research the topic using appropriate resources and script, film, and edit a PSA targeted toward their peers. In the first 3 years of the program, 80 PSAs were made at two separate high schools. Common topics chosen by students include depression, suicide, and bullying. The program utilizes the students' creativity and knowledge of social media and technology to provide mental health awareness and resources for teens, by teens. PMHA is unique in that it uses the peer-peer education model through technology and that it is student-driven with little teacher direction. Future directions include formal research on the effectiveness and impact of the program, spreading the curriculum to more school districts, and further building an elementary curriculum.

Gifted education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has developed significantly since its tentative beginnings in 1969. Increasingly, however, there are concerns that gifted education is not meeting its objectives. Based on the Ziegler-Balestrini-Stoegerian framework, we evaluate Saudi gifted education from a macro-systemic perspective, including the identification of the ten important exogenous and endogenous capitals and the six principles (law of the minimum, continuity, developmental level, support systems, control system and external management). Using information obtained from 25 source documents, we conduct an automated content analysis using Leximancer to find information related to each of the ten capitals and six principles. Our finding that the absence of a clearly articulated set of objectives and expected outcomes impact the system on many levels, and that, at best, Saudi gifted education is best described as a proto-system.

Mass media campaigns are an effective population-level intervention for preventing tobacco use. However, little evidence exists for whether these campaigns similarly influence demographic subgroups. This study examined the effects of the truth® campaign to reduce tobacco use among demographic subgroups. We used data from a national, continuous, cross-sectional tracking survey of 15-24-year-olds (n = 32,331). We used a measure of weekly aggregated campaign exposure to assess whether cigarette smoking intentions and current cigarette use varied by race/ethnicity, financial situation and population density subgroups, controlling for factors known to be associated with tobacco use. Examining estimates across subgroup categories in light of the overall model estimates revealed that the effects of week-level campaign exposure on cigarette smoking intentions and current cigarette use were similar across subgroups. Wald tests of equality across estimates in each subgroup suggested that the estimates did not differ from one another in any given instance. The truth campaign does not differ significantly in its capacity to prompt declines in tobacco use across a broad spectrum of US youth and young adults. Mass media tobacco prevention campaigns can be an effective and critical component of a comprehensive tobacco control program, particularly with respect to reducing tobacco-related disparities among demographic subgroups.

Courses: This semester-long project can be included in a general health communication course, a health campaigns course, upper-level mass-media courses, and advanced courses on communication and social justice. This can also be used as a semester-long assignment in a course that fulfills a diversity requirement. Objectives: After completing this project, students should: (1) develop a deep understanding of a health disparity in the United States and the social determinants associated with it; (2) create a public service announcement (PSA) that considers and incorporates research on effective health messages and structural oppression; and (3) present their work to a peer audience demonstrating the potential positive impact of their PSA.

Those in the teaching profession are facing additional challenges when responding to cyberbullying due to the unique features of publicity and severity. Such features are known to negatively impact on young people's cyberbullying experiences. Teachers' views on publicity and severity of cyberbullying are currently unknown. The current research draws on data from 10 focus groups with 63 teachers (10 males) who taught across primary, secondary, and college educational levels in the UK. Reflexive thematic analysis identified three themes: (a) role of severity, (b) differential roles of publicity, and (c) bystander intentions. Participants discussed the role of severity, where visual acts of cyberbullying were perceived more severe than written forms, suggesting the type of cyberbullying is an important indicator in perceived severity. Participants acknowledged how cyberbullying can transition from private, semi-public, and public incidents, which influenced their perceived intervention strategies. Finally, levels of publicity were discussed regarding young people's bystander intentions, with public incidents of cyberbullying instigating positive and negative bystander intervention. The findings are discussed in relation to practical implications, especially the need to promote awareness for teachers on the issues of publicity and severity in cyberbullying.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study and identify the effective components of higher education marketing and providing a marketing model for Iranian higher education private sector institutions. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a qualitative research. For identifying the effective components of higher education marketing and providing a marketing model the thematic analysis was used. First all the themes related to higher education marketing from the research references were collected and was analyzed by template analysis and thematic network methods. Findings: The results of thematic analysis revealed that there are 2 dominant themes, 13 global themes, 40 organizing themes and 503 basic themes related to higher education marketing. The relationships between these themes are provided as a marketing model for Iranian private sector higher educational institutions. Originality/value: There are few studies of higher education marketing in the Iranian higher education market. This study provides useful information about effective components of higher education marketing and marketing models.

The purpose of this study was to identify the specific competencies needed to apply social marketing, a promising approach to behavior change, to Extension programming. A modified Delphi study was used to achieve group consensus among a panel of experts on the skills, characteristics, and knowledge needed to successfully apply this behavior change approach within the context of Extension. Findings are comprised of thirty-seven competencies within eight categories: (a) Personal attributes; (b) Knowledge and understanding; (c) Research and analysis; (d) Communication; (e) Leadership; (f) Professionalism and ethics; (g) Program-planning, implementation, and evaluation; and (h) System thinking. Additional findings include identification of barriers and motivators related to the adoption of social marketing. The resulting competencies may be used for self-assessment, the identification of potential partnerships, and needs assessments to reveal educational opportunities and assist in the prioritization of future professional development.

Kazakhstan has a great tourist potential, but it is still partly fulfilled. That is why very important to find the weakness in the state's policy and to develop this industry in the best way. The aim of the research is to formulate a hypothesis with regard to the possible content of measures to improve the strategic planning and marketing methodology in relation to the specific nature of entities within Kazakhstan inbound tourism industry, recreational potential of Kazakhstan and objectives of its development set forth by the Government of Kazakhstan. As the main method of research were chosen the data collection and its further analysis. The primary data were collected by polling managers of the companies-members of Kazakhstan inbound tourism industry, who had previously participated in the development of strategies and/or in the strategic management process. The characteristic features have been analyzed and the reasons for the systemic imperfection of analytical procurement, related to strategic planning processes in marketing, have been identified. The article represents the results of the poll among the managers of companies involved in Kazakhstan's inbound tourism industry which was conducted by the authors. It is suggested that the use of multi-agent technologies as a new conceptual approach to solving the problems of analytical procurement concerning marketing strategy should be employed.

The purpose of this article is to describe and encourage an approach to a public relations course that can be applied to any discipline. Grounded in the experiential learning theory, students prepare for 16 weeks to present an issue-based campaign to a targeted, live audience at an oncampus venue. Using the course textbook and required readings as a guide, students are taught to "do" as the readings instruct, rather than be bound to merely memorizing the material. During the semester, the goal of the student evolves from earning a good grade, to attracting and enlightening an audience though public relations. While the project was assigned to public relations students, renditions of the described approach can be creatively applied to other disciplines interested in students acquiring real world experience outside of internships, within the safety net of their own campus.

Background: Parental support plays an important role in facilitating the participation of children in physical activity. However, there is evidence that parents overestimate their child's level of physical activity -- this may lead to inaction in promotion attempts by parents. This potential disconnect between parental perceptions and reality was recently the focus of the 'Think Again' social marketing campaign developed by PartipACTION. Purpose: To qualitatively explore parents' perceptions of the Think Again advertisements, and the possible disconnect between perceptions and reality regarding their children's physical activity levels. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mothers and 12 fathers of children aged 5-11 years attending a supervised recreation class. A thematic analysis was applied to the collected data. Results: The advertisements were generally well received by the parents in serving as a reminder of how much physical activity their children should be getting. Less than half of parents believed their children were attaining physical activity guidelines although the majority believed they were sufficiently active given perceived time constraints for both them and their child. Most parents believed they could accurately estimate how active their child was but that other parents may have difficulty due to reliance on schools and organized recreation to provide opportunities for physical activity. Conclusion: PSAs have a role to play in increasing parental awareness of physical activity guidelines and communicating the importance of physical activity. More creative approaches will be needed to address the disconnect in the perceptions between sufficient and recommended levels of physical activity.

The number of publications is the first criteria for assessing a researcher output. However, the main measurement for author productivity is the number of citations, and citations are typically related to the paper's visibility. In this paper, the relationship between article visibility and the number of citations is investigated. A case study of two researchers who are using publication marketing tools confirmed that the article visibility will greatly improve the citation impact. Some strategies to make the publications available to a larger audience have been presented at the end of this paper.

In New York City, as in many places across the country, there is much discussion about strengthening career and technical education (CTE). New York City's approach to Career and Technical Education (CTE) is held up as a model for getting this type of education right. A recent conference highlighted six schools that represented only a fraction of the many CTE programs that New York City currently offers. The United Federation of Teachers (UFT) worked closely with the New York City Department of Education and local industry partners to help start many of these programs, though doing so was a huge struggle. In addition, during presentations to parents and various community groups, it was explained that this change in emphasis from the traditional vocational education approach to a CTE perspective was rooted in a deep concern that a large segment of the student population was just not engaged in learning. Parents listened and agreed; they supported the push to strengthen CTE. The results: students who graduate from CTE programs left school with industry certifications in computer engineering, automotive technology, graphic arts, and culinary arts. While these certifications show students are prepared with the knowledge and skills to work in a certain field, what such documents also really said is that this student has been actively engaged in his or her learning, has figured out how to work in groups, and has developed all those critical-thinking skills that education experts constantly emphasize. The emergence of high-quality CTE programs has energized teachers across New York City and news about their good work continues to spread throughout the country. Their message is simple: CTE is a viable and rigorous educational option for children, and one that should be expanded and enhanced. Not only does CTE engage students in new and powerful ways, but it also ensures that students are college and career ready.

Although teacher aides are often employed in schools to provide support for students with disabilities and special education needs, there is limited Australian research on their work and employer expectations. This article provides an analysis of advertisements for teacher aide positions, and compares the content of advertisements with role statements and teacher aide reports of their work. Employment for teacher aides is likely to be casual and short-term and qualifications are rarely required. A very wide range of criteria was identified and the most frequently mentioned criterion was generic, such as the ability to work in a team. Criteria relating to the actual work aides report they perform or to education department role statements were less frequent. Concern is expressed about the effects of generally poorly defined roles, the lack of required qualifications and the precarious nature of many positions on the education of students with special education needs.

Although most students have learned to succeed academically, by the time they enter our business communication courses, their time as students is almost over. This article describes the challenges facing "students who will soon stop being students" and introduces the professional online portfolio as a project which enables them to develop the confidence, the capacity, and a concrete platform with which to communicate with the world outside the black box of school.

The arts have not received much attention from business and professional communication (BPC) scholars who are interested in workplace communication. This article begins to fill that gap by explaining a course focused on the BPC that artists produce in their careers. Students learned BPC genres by addressing arts situations: They crafted email pitches to promoters, took promotional photography, created crowdfunding proposals, and more. I argue that teaching artist communication can give a new context to existing BPC assignments, encourage interdisciplinary initiatives, and allow for the incorporation of natively digital communication genres into existing courses.

Business law and legal environment textbooks typically devote a page or two to the tort of invasion of privacy, describing the four versions of this tort, including "appropriation of identity." The Clarkson textbook notes that "An individual's right to privacy normally includes the right to the exclusive use of her or his identity" and further that many states have "statutes that establish the distinct tort of appropriation, or right of publicity." The author, Tonia Hap Murphy, asserts here that the right of publicity merits deeper coverage, and is a separate legal right. Companies stumble into costly publicity lawsuits prompted by publications that students (and companies) may regard as uncontroversial. Professors of law can alert students to those types of publications that invite litigation. In addition to this practical benefit, coverage of publicity rights serves as a springboard for exploring broader issues, including freedom of speech and strategic decision making in litigation. Part II of this article presents a primer on the right of publicity. After reviewing the historical development of this right, that part describes current laws in various states and recounts notable cases of the past few years that together give a good sense of issues encountered in publicity litigation. Part III follows with an examination of recent efforts by scholars and legislators to change publicity law, the current state of which many have criticized. Drawing on this background, Part IV suggests particular topics for discussion and assignments that can be implemented easily in an introductory business law or legal environment course. Professors might choose among them to complement existing coverage of tort law, thereby enhancing students' understanding of publicity law and policy and the impact of such law on business decision-making.

It is widely argued that engineering education needs to change in order to attract new groups of students and provide students with knowledge appropriate for the future society. In this paper we, therefore, investigate and analyse Swedish universities' websites, focusing on what characteristics are brought to the fore as important for tomorrow's engineers. The data consist of text and pictures/photos from nine different Engineering Mechanics programme websites. Using a critical discourse analysis approach, we identify three societal discourses concerning 'technological progression', 'sustainability', and 'neoliberal ideals', evident in the websites. These discourses make certain engineering identities possible, that we have labelled: traditional, contemporary, responsible, and self-made engineer. Our analysis shows that universities' efforts to diversify students' participation in engineering education simultaneously reveal stereotypical norms concerning gender and age. We also argue that strong neoliberal notions about the self-made engineer can derail awareness of a gendered, classed, and racialized society.

Understanding the influence of message framing is critical to promote public support for environmental conservation. We tested six brief, online videos about biodiversity conservation with positive (love and benefits) versus negative (loss and warning) messages with 524 participants. The respondents were willing to donate more money and time to organizations associated with positively framed videos. Contrary to the other studies, neither the gender nor level of audience involvement in environmental issues influenced response to positive or negative messaging. Findings highlight the use of positive messaging in digital media campaigns and encourage environmental practitioners to refine and test their messages with specific audiences.

Stagnant perceptions continue to persist in the general public regarding the services libraries offer. LIS research suggests an increased need for marketing, yet LIS programs and students may not view marketing as core to the degree. The Google Online Marketing Challenge (GOMC), a global competition for online marketing, was incorporated into two LIS courses to build skills in project management, industry analysis, marketing, and search engine optimization. A qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate whether they perceived the marketing project as relevant to their courses and degrees. A model was created to represent the factors that had an impact on project success. Overall students experienced an increased interest in marketing. Leadership, teamwork, and communication played strong roles in how students dealt with project challenges and their perceptions toward the end of the project.

When digitally marketing an online educational program, degree or course, an institution must realize the target market which it is trying to reach. However, the demographics of the online student is extremely diverse, making marketing efforts difficult. With such a demographically diverse online student population to attract, it is important to understand what attributes make current online students satisfied or dissatisfied with the online education experience. Once these attributes are understood, organizations can effectively formulate digital marketing strategy to attract future students. While the efforts to understand satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the online student have been numerous, these studies have mainly centered upon secular organizations. Therefore, to contribute to the literature, this study identifies which attributes make online students satisfied or dissatisfied within the faith-based online educational environment. The results of the study may help organizations and educational institutions with a faith-based mission be more effective in their digital marketing efforts to attract and enroll online students.

One of the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) objectives is to reignite interest in Olympic sports in the midst of a generation of adolescents who have become increasingly overweight and inactive. In an effort to accomplish this objective, the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) were created, and the inaugural event was held in the summer of 2010. The event has evoked a positive response from loyal advocates and equally negative feedback from committed critics. Public awareness and effective messaging of the YOG will play a critical role in the future success of subsequent Games. The purpose of this research was to collect awareness and opinion data from the sports community in Greece regarding the upcoming YOG. These findings are described and evaluated in comparison to prior research data in order to provide insight related to the launch of this new international sport festival. The timing of the findings and the subsequent analysis are critical to the future success of the YOG as public awareness and effective messaging are key components for drawing sponsorship and investment dollars needed to fund the event. (Contains 4 figures and 3 tables.)

Anticipating a substantially larger voter turnout in the upcoming election, district officials needed to probe--more precisely than in past tax elections--exactly what demographic groups would most likely go to the polls and support the tax proposal. Message testing and voter targeting became critical components in building a foundation for success. Message-testing and voter-targeting strategies have been paramount in consumer research and marketing for decades. Traditional direct-mail marketing strategies--transformed in recent years by exponential advancements in technology--now slice and dice with the precision of an executive chef, measuring their ingredients with such exotic tools as "neural networking" and "regression analysis." These new technologies allow marketers to predict with greater accuracy than ever who will buy their products and services and what messages will resonate with consumers. In this article, the authors describe analytical tools that were part of the foundation for moving forward with data-driven planning and effective campaign strategies. (Contains 4 figures.)

The aim of this research is to determine the factors affecting individual education demands at the entrance to university. The research is in survey model. The universe of the study consists of 1630 freshmen at the faculties and vocational schools of Adnan Menderes University, Aydin. 574 students from 7 schools were included in the sample. The data were gathered by "the scale of the factors affecting individual education demands at the entrance to university", which is a likert type scale developed by the researcher. The scale consists of 8 dimensions. Findings of the study show that student views on factors affecting individual education demands at the entrance to university do not have a meaningful difference in terms of sex in any dimensions. Meaningful differences were found in the individual satisfaction dimension in terms of whether students have permanent illnesses, in the "diversion and sheltering" sub-dimension in terms of whether their mothers work or not, in the "diversion" sub-dimension in terms of the parents' world views, and in the "employing" sub-dimension in terms of age. The dimension which has the lowest mean among the students' opinions regarding the factors affecting individual education demand in entering to university is "publicity" and the dimension which has the highest mean is the "personal satisfaction." (Contains 2 footnotes.)

We have likely all heard of the so-called "Mozart Effect," the claim that listening to music increases intelligence. While the often-cited 1993 study never actually claimed such a profound conclusion, the resultant publicity focused the nation's attention on the evidence of music's positive effect on various types of cognitive skills. Such an effect is desperately needed. The National Center for Education Statistics released in March 2010 the "Nation's Report Card: Reading 2009," which examines the literacy skills of our nation's fourth- and eighth-grade students. The results are sobering. Only 33% of students scored at or above Proficient, while 33% scored below Basic. For Black and Hispanic public-school children, the situation is much more dire: just 15% and 16% (respectively) scored at or above Proficient, while over half, 53% and 52% (respectively), scored below Basic. We must do better, and we can. The last two decades have seen an explosion of research concerning the effects of musical training on brain development: how it creates new neural networks, strengthens existing ones, and strengthens the synaptic connections. All the research supports the notion that early music training can be a critical component in the development of verbal, reading, comprehension, mathematical, and spatial-temporal reasoning skills in children, thus providing solid evidence for fully integrating music as a core component of early childhood education. (Contains 74 footnotes and 9 tables.)