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This study presents the first attempt to explore the technical and financial feasibility of combining incentives for Italian Renewable Energy Communities (REC) with those for high-efficiency cogeneration. The community has local wooden biomass availability and was assembled around two prosumers: an industrial laundry with biomass-fuelled CHP and a school with photovoltaic panels. Other members include residential users. Electric loads were derived from available quarter-hour meters and electric bills. Thermal demand for the laundry was reconstructed from an energy audit. First, the CHP optimal mode of operation was selected among the two suggested by the manufacturer (matching the electric or the thermal load), providing energy, financial and environmental performance in both scenarios. Then the photovoltaic system of the school was sized. Finally, an optimal number of users was selected using a genetic algorithm, with financial performance of the REC as objective functions. Energy, economic and environmental impact performance of prosumers and REC are discussed, finding that the optimal configuration reduces CO2 emissions by 722 tons/year, with further 1360 tons/year coming from biomass combustion. In an optimal REC configuration members cut 250 €/year of electric bills, with an overall performance of 21 % in valorization of shared energy, while a social-focused REC can increase its NPV from 233 to 769 k€. The scenario can be applied to other prosumers with similar thermal demand and can be replicated or adjusted to local requirements.

Using data from several well-preserved pyres, which are rarely found well preserved in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, we examine cremation customs and their associated pyrotechnologies at the site of Cerro de Trincheras in northern Sonora, Mexico, from AD 1300 to 1450/1500. We explore variations in pyre construction and use, thermal alterations of the deceased, the deceased individuals' biological profiles, the performance of mortuary rituals, and the sensorial experiences of both the mourners and the wider Cerro de Trincheras community. The residents of the site were masters of the pyrotechnologies associated with cremations, making efficient pyres for the deceased and maximizing their resources. The group also created transformative funeral rituals that may have facilitated and mediated a wide range of emotional responses toward their deceased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Geophysical modelling performs to obtain subsurface structures in agreement with measured data. Freeware algorithms for geoelectrical data inversion have not been widely used in geophysical communities; however, different open-source modelling/inversion algorithms were developed in recent years. In this study, we review the structures and applications of openly Python-based inversion packages, such as pyGIMLi (Python Library for Inversion and Modelling in Geophysics), BERT (Boundless Electrical Resistivity Tomography), ResIPy (Resistivity and Induced Polarization with Python), pyres (Python wrapper for electrical resistivity modelling), and SimPEG (Simulation and Parameter Estimation in Geophysics). In addition, we examine the recovering ability of pyGIMLi, BERT, ResIPy, and SimPEG freeware through inversion of the same synthetic model forward responses. A versatile pyGIMLi freeware is highly suitable for various geophysical data inversion. The SimPEG framework is developed to allow the user to explore, experiment with, and iterate over multiple approaches to the inverse problem. In contrast, BERT, pyres, and ResIPy are exclusively designed for geoelectric data inversion. BERT and pyGIMLi codes can be easily modified for the intended applications. Both pyres and ResIPy use the same mesh designs and inversion algorithms, but pyres uses scripting language, while ResIPy uses a graphical user interface (GUI) that removes the need for text inputs. Our numerical modelling shows that all the tested inversion freeware could be effective for relatively larger targets. pyGIMLi and BERT could also obtain reasonable model resolutions and anomaly accuracies for small-sized subsurface structures. Based on the heterogeneous layered model and experimental target scenario results, the geoelectrical data inversion could be more effective in pyGIMLi, BERT, and SimPEG freeware packages. Moreover, this study can provide insight into implementing suitable inversion freeware for reproducible geophysical research, mainly for geoelectrical modelling.

Geophysical modelling performs to obtain subsurface structures in agreement with measured data. Freeware algorithms for geoelectrical data inversion have not been widely used in geophysical communities; however, different open-source modelling/inversion algorithms were developed in recent years. In this study, we review the structures and applications of openly Python-based inversion packages, such as pyGIMLi (Python Library for Inversion and Modelling in Geophysics), BERT (Boundless Electrical Resistivity Tomography), ResIPy (Resistivity and Induced Polarization with Python), pyres (Python wrapper for electrical resistivity modelling), and SimPEG (Simulation and Parameter Estimation in Geophysics). In addition, we examine the recovering ability of pyGIMLi, BERT, ResIPy, and SimPEG freeware through inversion of the same synthetic model forward responses. A versatile pyGIMLi freeware is highly suitable for various geophysical data inversion. The SimPEG framework is developed to allow the user to explore, experiment with, and iterate over multiple approaches to the inverse problem. In contrast, BERT, pyres, and ResIPy are exclusively designed for geoelectric data inversion. BERT and pyGIMLi codes can be easily modified for the intended applications. Both pyres and ResIPy use the same mesh designs and inversion algorithms, but pyres uses scripting language, while ResIPy uses a graphical user interface (GUI) that removes the need for text inputs. Our numerical modelling shows that all the tested inversion freeware could be effective for relatively larger targets. pyGIMLi and BERT could also obtain reasonable model resolutions and anomaly accuracies for small-sized subsurface structures. Based on the heterogeneous layered model and experimental target scenario results, the geoelectrical data inversion could be more effective in pyGIMLi, BERT, and SimPEG freeware packages. Moreover, this study can provide insight into implementing suitable inversion freeware for reproducible geophysical research, mainly for geoelectrical modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy has reconsidered incentives on Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to implement the EU clean energy transition and Renewable Energy Communities (REC). Legislation on RECs shifted the focus of incentives from production to self-consumptions. In this paper, the REC model is studied in a minor island disconnected from the national grid, with strongly seasonal energy load and water demand. This is a typical Mediterranean scenario where energy demand is covered by Diesel gensets and water supply is provided with tankers. The implementation of RES is investigated, exploiting the current REC model of incentives. Two sub-optimal REC configurations were defined using time-dependent simulations on pyRES, an in-house code for energy systems. Results show the economical unfeasibility of REC when there is a poor mix of users. In contrast, REC can achieve economic profitability including industrial demand of a desalination unit (DES). The increase of self-consumption guaranteed from the DES allows to increase the NPV of the community and results in major cuts in CO 2 emissions (60% of those related to water supply and 10% of those from Diesel gensets) and a reduction of fuel costs of 22%. This method can be applied to investigate the performance of a REC in a local environment and help stakeholders in planning the expansions of RECs on the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Zusammenfassung: Die genaue Grabungsdokumentation der Scheiterhaufengräber unter den Tumuli aus Cugir und Tarinci, die paläobotanischen, anthropologischen und -zoologischen Untersuchungen sowie die Metallanalysen der Bronzegegenstände aus dem Wagengrab in Cugir, die ethnografischen und (experimentell-)archäologischen Analysen der Scheiterhaufenverbrennung eröffnen neuen Wege in der Forschung der Scheiterhaufenbestattungen der Spätlatène- bzw. der frühen Kaiserzeit an der unteren Donau, auf der Balkanhalbinsel und für das vorrömische Dakien. Zunächst wurden die Anlage der Verbrennungsstellen und der Aufbau der Scheiterhaufen herausgearbeitet: Die bei den Ausgrabungen entdeckten Bestattungsspuren mit dem für die Verbrennung des Leichnames, der Tierkadaver und der Grabausstattung benötigtem Brennmaterial sowie die Untersuchung der Verbrennungsspuren an den Knochen und den Gegenständen ermöglichten sowohl die Rekonstruktion des Scheiterhaufens als auch die des Verlaufs der Begräbniszeremonie. Der Scheiterhaufen, die Grabausstattung und der Grabhügel selbst vermitteln den Aufwand (d. h. die soziale Energie) bei der jeweiligen Bestattung auch durch den Vergleich mit anderen Gräbern aus dem Umfeld. Auf diesem Wege wird die Position des Toten in der jeweiligen Gemeinde beleuchtet. Somit kann die Scheiterhaufenbestattungssitte sowohl in den griechisch-westpontischen Kolonien - in denen sie eine traditionelle Grabform war - als auch in den Bestattungen des Typus Padea-Panagiuriski kolonii (zumeist Waffengräber) sowie in den frühkaiserzeitlichen Hügelgräbern Thrakiens nachvollzogen werden. Résumé: La documentation de fouilles de bûchers funéraires découverts sous les tumulus de Cugir et de Tarinci, les analyses archéobotaniques, archéozoologiques et ostéologiques, l'examen de la composition métallurgique des objets en bronze de la tombe à char de Cugir, ainsi que les enquêtes ethnologiques et expérimentales de bûchers funéraires ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur les rites de crémation pendant le période de La Tène Finale et des débuts de l'époque Romaine dans les régions du bas Danube, des Balkans et de la Dacie. Notre enquête commence par établir comment les sites d'incinérations étaient organisés et comment les bûchers funéraires étaient construits. Les données relatives à la crémation des défunts et au combustible nécessaire, les carcasses d'animaux et le mobilier funéraire ainsi que l'examen de traces de combustion sur les ossements et les objets nous permettent de reconstruire non seulement les bûchers mais aussi les rites funéraires. Les bûchers, le mobilier funéraire et les tumuli nous permettent du juger l'investissement (donc l'énergie sociale) que représentent ces monuments funéraires par rapport à d'autres sépultures de la région et ainsi de mieux comprendre le niveau social des défunts au sein de leurs communautés. Le rite de la crémation sur bûcher, documenté dans les colonies grecques et de l'ouest du Pont Euxin (riches en traditions funéraires) comme aussi dans les sépultures de type Padea-Panagiuriski kolonii et les tumulus du Haut Empire en Thrace, peut ainsi être mieux appréhendé. Abstract: The detailed excavation records of the pyres under the barrows of Cugir and Tarinci, the analysis of the human, animal and plant remains they contained, the metallurgical examination of the bronze objects from the vehicle burial of Cugir, and the ethnographic and experimental investigations of pyre cremations open new research perspectives concerning cremations of the Late La Tène and Early Roman period in the lower Danube, Balkan and Dacian regions. This investigation attempts to ascertain how cremation sites were set up and how pyres were constructed. The archaeological evidence for cremated bodies and the fuel needed for the incineration of humans, animal corpses and grave goods, as well as the examination of traces of cremation on bones and artefacts enable us to reconstruct not only the pyres themselves but also the funerary rites involved. Pyres, grave goods and barrows give an indication of the level of funerary investment (i.e. social energy) when compared to other burials in the region. From this it becomes possible to gain insights into the social position of the deceased within their communities. The rite of cremation on pyres documented in the Greek/western Pontic colonies (which is rich in such traditions) as well as the burials of the Padea-Panagiuriski kolonii type (mainly weapon burials) and those of the Early Roman barrow burials of Thrace can thus be better comprehended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zephyrus is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)