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The research was carried out between the months of November 2020 and March 2021 and aimed to estimate the crop coefficient, root depth and abatement factor, depending on thermal time. The research area belongs to the UBPC Grito de Yara, Granma, Cuba, which is located at 200 25' 02' N Latitude and 760 53' 27' O Longitude. The estimation of the crop coefficient, root growth and exhaustion fraction was carried out using curvilinear models as a function of degree days. The estimation of root growth in the bean crop, using the three models evaluated, depending on the degree days, is reliable and is a very useful indicator for irrigation programming, since it facilitates the timely estimation of the sheet of water from the depth of the root. Growing degree days explain the allowable depletion levels of soil water for bean cultivation; In this regard, it was confirmed that the curvilinear model is accurate, which allows irrigation management, using information on degree days, to avoid water stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La arracacha es una raíz andina con un alto contenido de almidón y constituye una fuente alternativa de seguridad alimentaria. En Colombia, la producción de este cultivo ha aumentado debido a la implementación de diversos materiales genéticos con fines comerciales en las diferentes regiones del país, sin embargo, debido a la forma de propagación se ha multiplicado la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades. El método de propagación in vitro de meristemos se ha utilizado con éxito en la multiplicación de plantas de apiaceae, por lo anterior el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes tratamientos de desinfección e introducción de explantes de arracacha in vitro. Se realizaron dos fases de desinfección. En la primera fase, se dispusieron 14 tratamientos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado (DCA) en el que se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones y tiempos de inmersión de NaClO y OH. En la segunda fase, se tomó el tratamiento de (NaClO al 2%), el cual presentó los mejores resultados en la primera fase y se combinó con la aplicación de bactericidas como cloranfenicol y gentamicina con diferentes tiempos de inmersión para conformar I0 tratamientos. La desinfección de explantes de arracacha se debe realizar con el uso de NaClO al 2% durante 10 a 15 minutos, ya que presentó los menores porcentajes de contaminación. La exposición prolongada de los explantes a NaClO ocasionó los mayores porcentajes de muerte celular, mientras que la aplicación de OH disminuyó la muerte de los tejidos. El uso de cloranfenicol redujo el porcentaje de contaminación de los explantes de arracacha en la multiplicación in vitro.

Copyright of Revista Entramado is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación de las larvas de odonatos con las raíces de Eichhornia crassipes en la ciénaga La Larga. Para el muestreo de las larvas de odonatos se utilizaron técnicas estandarizadas para macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Se realizaron seis muestreos, y en cada uno se colectaron 100 individuos de E. crassipes, de los cuales se midieron la longitud y el volumen de las raíces. Se colectaron un total de 738 individuos y 10 especies de odonatos. Entre ellos, Miathyria marcella presentó la mayor abundancia, con el 83 % del total muestreado. El porcentaje de ocupación de las raíces de E. crassipes por las larvas de Odonata fue del 58 % (346 de las 600 raíces recolectadas). Las raíces recolectadas presentaron medidas entre 5-58 cm de largo y volúmenes entre 5-450 mL. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la composición y la estructura de las larvas respecto al volumen de las raíces. Las longitudes de las larvas variaron entre 2,4-24,3 mm, y la mayoría de los individuos colectados se encontró en el rango de longitud entre 5,1-10 mm. En conclusión, el tamaño de la raíz no es un determinante para la distribución de los odonatos en las raíces de E. crassipes, mientras que el volumen de las raíces de E. crassipes sí influyó en la composición de larvas.

Using cassava roots waste (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a biochar-type material was synthesized for removal of dyes. Work was carried out with cassava flour summited to 673 K and 80 mbar. The material was characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (PDRX). These analyses showed that the obtained material was thermally stable with sphere aggregates (10 µm diameter), amorphous structure of lignocellulose and type A starch crystalline structure. Synthesized biochar adsorbed methyl orange (116,4 ± 0,2 mg/g and methyl green (94,2 ± 0,2 mg/g) at 308 K. the foregoing demonstrates the ability of this material to remedy contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main foods used as an energy source that is also as one of the staples feeding more than 800 million people worldwide. In some countries as well as some Colombian areas known for their cassava production, there has been a decrease in their production growth due to the fact that there is neither enough technology nor knowledge to contribute to the current demand for cassava. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on some yield-related variables on variety MCol 2066 of cassava (chirosa). A homogeneous crop of cassava was established and cuttings of 15 cm in length were obtained, which in turn were subjected to three immersion times (5, 10 and 20 min) in four concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm). Data were collected 240 days after planting. The evaluated variables which were percentage of starch, dry matter, and fresh root mass, showed significant differences between treatments. The highest values were observed in the treatment at 20 min immersion in 200 ppm of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid for the variables, starch (45,56 %), dry matter (51,6 %), and fresh mass (73.270 kg/ha). Under the conditions of the study, this treatment was the best inducer to increase the yield of the crop, because it influenced positively on such results, showing better results in the variables percentage of starch, dry matter and fresh mass of the root, which could be favorable to improve the yield of the crop of variety MCol 2066 cassava (chirosa) in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En salud ambiental, la incidencia del consumo de plantas venenosas como factor de riesgo es un hecho bien establecido. La principal dificultad para afrontar esta casuística toxicológica deriva de la enorme diversidad vegetal, que requiere de una sistematización previa que facilite al personal técnico y sanitario su diagnosis. En el ámbito de Andalucía occidental, percibimos la carencia de una herramienta específicamente adaptada a la identificación de plantas silvestres potencialmente causantes de intoxicación, especialmente cuando sus partes tóxicas son subterráneas. En este trabajo hemos llevado a cabo una revisión de hierbas silvestres comunes, con órganos subterráneos especializados en la acumulación de reservas (bulbos, tubérculos, rizomas) de alta potencialidad toxicológica. Hemos seleccionado como fuentes de intoxicación más notables a veintiún especies: Urginea maritima, Narcissus jonquilla, N. assoanus, N. fernandesii, N. bujei, N. tazetta, N. papyraceus, Ornithogalum arabicum, Mandragora autumnalis, Carlina gummifera, Colchicum lusitanum, Merendera montana, M. filifolia, Aristolochia baetica, A. paucinervis, Ranunculus bulbosus, R. ficaria, Bryonia dioica, Oenanthe crocata, Conium maculatum y Arum italicum. Hemos diseñado una pauta de actuación en clave de cuestionario dicotómico que faculte al personal sanitario y técnico para determinar si alguna de estas plantas puede considerarse origen de un cuadro de intoxicación dado. El propósito último es facilitar las labores de triaje y diagnóstico en medicina asistencial y en los servicios de información toxicológica, depurar la sistematización de la casuística toxicológica de cara a futuras investigaciones en salud ambiental y orientar una estrategia educativa en el marco de la prevención de este tipo de riesgos ambientales.

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most of the farmers who grow cactus pear (Opuntia albicarpa) use manure as a fertilizer. This practice increases the problems of pests. The use of endomycorrhizae (Glomus intraradices) is almost unknown to farmers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of the application of organic matter (OM) and inoculation with endomycorrhizae in cactus pear. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Montecillo Campus of the Postgraduate College, Mexico. Two types of soil from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, were used: reddish coloration (xerosol) and gray coloration (lithosol). The results show that there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in all the variables by inoculation with endomycorrhizae and in the majority of those by the application of OM. Both the mycorrhizae and the application of OM, as vermicompost, promoted greater growth of the stems and roots. The types of soils used did not affect the growth of the plants. Mycorrhizae can be useful to improve mineral nutrition and thus increase yields in cactus pear plantations. In addition, these fungi can increase yields and help reduce production costs. The application of 50 t ha-1 vermicompost is a better alternative to add nutrients and OM to this crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las raíces de yuca se usan en la alimentación humana y animal, como raíces frescas o transformadas industrialmente. En algunos países y zonas colombianas el aumento en la producción se ve limitado, debido a que no se cuenta con la tecnología y conocimientos suficientes para contribuir a la demanda actual de yuca. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del ácido 1-naftalenacético sobre algunas variables de rendimiento de yuca variedad MCol 2066 (chirosa), mediante la aplicación de tres tiempos de inmersión (5, 10, 20 min) en cuatro concentraciones de ácido 1-naftalenacético (0, 100, 200, 300 ppm). Los datos se colectaron a los 240 días después de la siembra. Las variables porcentaje de almidón, materia seca, y masa fresca de raíces, presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Los valores más altos se observaron en el tratamiento a 20 min de inmersión en 200 ppm de ácido 1-naftalenacético para las variables, almidón (45,56%), materia seca (51,6%), y masa fresca (73.270 kg/ha). A las condiciones del estudio el tratamiento en mención fue el mejor inductor para aumentar el rendimiento del cultivo de yuca.

Antecedentes: El biocontrol de las enfermedades fúngicas de la madera de la vid (EMV), es una alternativa amigable frente al control químico causante de resistencia y/o contaminación del ecosistema. Objetivo: aislar microorganismos nativos de raíz y rizósfera de vid con potencial de biocontrol de hongos de la madera de la vid. Metodología: Se estudió la “competencia por sustrato” (CS) con la escala de Bell, “el tiempo de contacto” (TC) entre antagonista-patógeno” (días) y la antibiosis por el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento (PIC). Resultados: Se aislaron e identificaron: siete-cepas de Trichoderma spp. (raíz: Tr-1, Tr-2, Tr3, Tr-6; y rizósfera: Tr-4, Tr-5, Tr-7); seis-Bacillus spp. (raíz: Bac-4, Bac-5, Bac-6; y rizósfera: Bac-1, Bac-2, Bac-3); y dos-Streptomyces sp. (rizósfera: Act-1, Act-2). Los resultados de la CS evaluados con la escala de Bell demostraron a Tr-1, Tr-7, T.atv (Trichoderma atroviride) y T-22 (Trichoderma harzianum) se ubicaron en la clase 1 frente a Lasiodiplodia theobromae y, todos los aislados se ubicaron en la clase 1 frente a Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare y Phaeoacremonium parasiticum. El TC de Trichoderma fue 2 días (L. theobromae) y 3 días (C. pseudofasciculare y P. parasiticum). En la antibiosis Tr-5 (Trichoderma) y Bac-3 (Bacillus) tuvieron el mayor PIC (>50%) frente a los patógenos. El aislado Act-2 (Streptomyces sp.) presentó PIC, >70% (L. theobromae), >40% (C. pseudofasciculare) y >30% (P. parasiticum). Implicaciones: El uso del control biológico en el manejo de enfermedades de la madera de la vid es una herramienta eficaz, y puede integrarse en una estrategia de manejo integrado de estas patologías. Conclusiones: Los aislados nativos Bac-3 (Bacillus spp.), Tr-5 (Trichoderma spp.), Act-2 (Streptomyces sp.) demostraron control in vitro frente a los patógenos L. theobromae, C. pseudofasciculare y P. parasiticum, patógenos asociados a enfermedades de la madera de la vid.

Multifunctional microorganisms are beneficial microorganisms able of promoting plant growth through direct and indirect mechanisms. Because of this, has enormous potential for use when aiming a sustainable agriculture. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of seed inoculation with multifunctional microorganisms on the initial development of corn seedlings. The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of microbiolization of corn seeds with the rhizobacteria: 1. Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), 2. Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), 3. Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), 4. Bacillus sp. (BRM 63573), 5. Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), 6. Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574) and 7. control treatment (no microorganisms). For each experimental unit, 500 mL plastic pots filled with soil and two corn seeds were used. After 14 days the seedlings were removed from the pots, set aside from the ground and photographed with a digital camera. The images presented were analyzed by WinRHIZO 2012 software to determine: total root length, root diameter, total root surface area and root volume. After this, roots and shoots of the seedlings were dried and weighed. Corn seedlings treated with the multifunctional microorganisms Bacillus sp. (BRM 63573), Serratia sp. (BRM32114) and Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574) presented increased in the root and shoots biomass compared to untreated seeds. The microorganism Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574) was the one that provided the highest values in the parameters of total root length, root diameter, root volume, root dry mass, shoot dry mass and total dry mass compared to the control treatment. The use of multifunctional microorganisms is a promising alternative to provide greater development of corn seedlings.

El aprovechamiento de halófitas como Salicornia bigelovii representa una alternativa con potencial económico para la agricultura del desierto y zonas costeras. No obstante, el éxito en el establecimiento de parcelas comerciales se ha visto limitado por los bajos porcentajes de germinación de la especie. La propagación por esquejes representa una opción viable y rápida a esta problemática. La formación de raíces funcionales es fundamental en la propagación por esquejes y se ha logrado mediante la aplicación de productos químicos reguladores de crecimiento. La aplicación de quitosano en algunos cultivos ha mostrado ser una alternativa en el proceso de germinación y mejores rendimientos de cosecha; sin embargo, con relación a la halófita S. bigelovii, son nulos los estudios sobre el efecto del quitosano. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto del quitosano de origen marino y el ácido indol butírico como agentes promotores de raíces en esquejes de Salicornia bigelovii. Se aplicaron las concentraciones (individual y en conjunto) de quitosano al 100 y 50% y ácido indol butírico a razón de 0.937 y 1.25 g kg-1. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con nueve tratamientos con cinco repeticiones, evaluándose 225 unidades experimentales. Como variables respuesta se midieron: longitud radicular, peso fresco y peso seco total de la raíz, número y longitud de nuevos brotes. Los resultados indican que el tratamiento más eficiente fue 100% de quitosano + 0.937 g kg-1 de ácido indol butírico, el cual promovió la producción de brotes fotosintéticos hasta en un 800%. Estos resultados demuestran que es factible lograr la propagación de Salicornia mediante esquejes utilizando quitosano de origen marino como promotor de crecimiento.

Variation of functional traits among species allows evaluating their life strategies. The whole-plant economic spectrum proposes coordination of the form and function across different plant organs to optimize a resource-use strategy. However, few studies have evaluated the coordination among woody species through functional traits from different plant organs. We evaluated variation and coordination of crown, leaf, stem, root and phenology trait values across woody species of the semi-arid Mediterranean matorral of Chile. We hypothesize that sclerophyllous and malacophyllous woody species vary and coordinate their trait values along an ecological dimension that separates their resource-use strategies from conservative to acquisitive, respectively. We analyzed the variation and correlation of 14 functional traits for 12-16 species. The functional trait values between sclerophyllous and malacophyllous species did not differ across the whole-plant economic spectrum. Traits were coordinated along multiple ecological dimensions. The first dimension was associated with the leaf economic spectrum and plant morphology, yet differed between sclerophyllous and malacophyllous species. Sclerophyllous species combined mostly conservative foliar trait values (longer leaf life span) with acquisitive morphological trait values (larger maximum plant height and longer lateral extension of roots), while malacophyllous species exhibited opposite combinations. The second dimension was associated with variation in phenology and root traits. This dimension separated species with conservative phenological and root trait values (delayed growth onset and deeper rooting depth) from opportunistic species with opposite trait values. The third dimension was coordinated by wood density and the leaf 13C - isotopic composition. This dimension separated the drought-tolerant species with high stem densities and higher leaf water use efficiency from opportunistic water-use species with opposite attributes. In contrast with our hypothesis, in the Chilean matorral the species can combine conservative and acquisitive trait values to use resources and coordinate their resource use strategies across multiple dimensions. This decoupling of plant strategies could occur because different organs and phenology are exposed to different environmental filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

México reúne más especies de Quercus que cualquier otro país en el mundo; sin embargo, casi no hay investigaciones sobre su producción de planta en vivero, ni de indicadores de calidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir al conocimiento de la calidad de planta de Q. rugosa, mediante la obtención de indicadores morfológicos, fisiológicos, prueba de crecimiento potencial de raíz y establecer el tamaño de contenedor adecuado para producirla en vivero. Bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, se midieron variables morfológicas, fisiológicas (concentración nutrimental, tensión hídrica) y se hizo la prueba de crecimiento potencial de raíz. Los contenedores grandes produjeron planta con mayores (p

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La remolacha azucarera (Beta vulgaris L.) es una fuente de azúcares. En México, se han hecho ensayos de adaptación para la obtención de biomasa, azúcar y etanol. La fertilización es un factor que influye en su producción. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización inorgánica, en el rendimiento y producción de sólidos solubles bajo condiciones de riego. Se establecieron experimentos en campo en condiciones de riego, el 25 febrero del 2010 y 3 de marzo del 2011, en Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. La variedad utilizada fue EBO-809 Tipo N (Normalreich: medianamente rica en azúcar), con trece dosis de (N-P) en el rango de 150-00-00 a 300‑200-00, incluyendo el testigo sin fertilización. Urea fuente de (N) y superfosfato triple de (P). Se evaluó peso fresco (Mg ha‑1), índice de clorofila SPAD, sólidos solubles (oBrix) e incidencia de pudrición radicular causada por Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) (%). El factor con mayor valor estadístico fue la dosis de fertilización (T), explico el 70% de la varianza, 24% el año (A) y no hubo interacción (T × A). La pudrición de raíz se asoció negativamente con el rendimiento. La presencia de lluvia invernal atípica en el año 2010, promovió mayor incidencia de la enfermedad. No hubo diferencias entre las dosis de fertilización, aunque todas superaron al testigo. El valor crítico debe ser superior al testigo y ≤ a 150 kg ha-1. La concentración de sacarosa no estuvo relacionada al rendimiento, al índice SPAD e incidencia de R. solani; además fue inversamente proporcional a la dosis de nitrógeno.

Besides their ecological importance, epiphytic species of Orchidaceae play economic and social roles through their commercialization and some are at great risk of extinction. The objectives of this study were to characterize the leaf and root anatomy of fourteen epiphytic Orchidaceae species, which occur in indigenous territory in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro (P.E.S.T.), Santa Catarina, Brazil and to identify adaptive anatomical characteristics related to the epiphytic habit. The species are commercialized by the Guarani and were collected during interviews and guided tours with Guarani in the indigenous territory. The results reveal the species have many morphoanatomical structures that are useful during water shortages resulting from the epiphytic habit. Notable characteristics are related to reserving water (i.e., pseudobulbs and a hypodermis with water-storage cells) and resistance to desiccation in the leaf (i.e., conspicuous cuticle, suprastomatic chamber and extraxylary and pericyclic fibers) and root (i.e., tilosomes and/or exodermal thickening and cortex cells with phi thickenings or sclereids). Descriptions and the identification of adaptive characteristics of epiphytic plant species are useful for conservation and cultivation studies, especially for plants commercially used by the Guarani Indians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth and agricultural yield of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is affected, among other factors, by limitations in the availability of water. For this reason, there are working on the search for cultivars tolerant to that abiotic stress. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of different concentrations of PEG-6000 on the in vitro seeds germination of three cultivars of common bean ('ICA Pijao', 'BAT-93' and 'Tío Canela-75') with different responses to water stress. PEG-6000 was used as an in vitro stress-inducing agent at 10, 12 and 14% (m / v) in the liquid culture medium. Deionized water was used as a control. Seeds of each cultivar were placed on a filter paper located in the shape of an M inside the test tube containing the corresponding solution. After three days of culture, the number of germinated seeds was quantified and the percentage of germination was calculated. Subsequently, at seven days the length of the root, hypocotyl and epicotyl, respectively, was measured. In the three cultivars, water stress affected the in vitro germination of the seeds in each of the treatments. There was a significant decrease in the values of the variables evaluated with respect to the control. Specifically, the growth of epicotyl was inhibited. The response to water stress in vitro induced with PEG 600 in each cultivar was specific and differential. The results contribute to the development of early selection strategies in the genetic improvement program of this crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las características del xilema de las raíces de Arachis hypogaea L. en suelos con horizontes densificados y distinta condición hídrica. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en dos parcelas de la región subhúmeda seca del Opto. Río Cuarto, con suelos Haplustoles típicos. Las raíces de ambas parcelas no presentan diferencias significativas en el área total transversal y área xilemática, sin embargo, cuando la humedad media del suelo es mayor y la resistencia mecánica menor, se observa mayor diámetro, espesor de pared y frecuencia de elementos conductores xilemáticos. En la otra parcela se observa que las ralees presentan un área xilemática similar pero menores valores en las características mencionadas de los miembros de vaso, por lo tanto, debe necesariamente presentar mayor proporción de tejido parenquimático. Este aporte demuestra como pequeños cambios en el contenido hídrico del suelo afectan la estructura del xilema.

Las raíces son fundamentales para la función meniscal debido a que son el punto de anclaje en el platillo tibial y permiten la adecuada función de los mismos. Sus lesiones deben ser motivo de alta sospecha diagnóstica para evitar daños condrales precoces. El tratamiento debe ser la reinserción de la lesión ya que el seguimiento a corto plazo ha demostrado buenos resultados. El trasplante meniscal está reservado como cirugía de salvamento cuando no es posible realizar el reparo.

The heavy metal mercury is a toxic metals that can accumulate in plant organs in large quantities and is toxic to humans. Hornbeam, Carpinus betulus, is a species from Caspian hyrcanian mixed forests. In this research, it was studied how much mercury hornbeam absorbed from the environment. Twenty five trees were randomly selected, and the distances between trees were 10 to 15 m in industrial park North of Iran. From each tree selected, 15 g leaves and 15 g root were harvested using horticultural scissors and 15 g of soil from 30 cm depth. Four stations were selected near steel factory. A control station located 2 km from the steel factory was selected and three stations were located near the steel factory. Samples of leaves, soil and roots are prepared after coding, placed in paper envelopes and transferred to the lab. The amount of mercury in plant samples was prepared by dry digestion with atomic absorption spectroscopy. To compare the effect of mercury concentration on leaf and root, Tukey's test was used. The average concentration of mercury in soil was 0.96 mg/kg, in root 0.551 mg/kg and leaf 0.28 mg/kg. It was observed that as mercury increases, the leaf chlorophyll content decreases. Results allowed concluding that Carpinus betulus tree accumulation amount is suitable for absorbing the contamination of mercury in soil pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilt and dry bud rot of the agave (Agave tequilana var. azul) are diseases of high economic impact for this crop. The implication of Fusarium spp. in both diseases at a regional context was determined in this research. Root and soil samples were collected from 40 commercial plantations located in 13 counties at Los Altos, Jalisco an important cultivation region of agave azul in Mexico; Inoculum charge, as a Fusarium Index was obtained base on colony units (Fusarium vs total fungi) and its relationship with pH and organic matter were estimated from each sampling plantation. A total of 109 isolates were morphologically characterized as Fusarium spp. of which 25 were selected for molecular identification with ITS and EF-1a. The selection considered symptomatology, macro and microscopic characters and prevalence of colony types observed in vitro in Komada, Sabouraud, SNA and CLA media. The cultural and morphological characters evaluated were mycelial coloration, size, shape and septation of macro and microconidia, and length and number of phialides. Five species were associated with wilt and/or dry bud rot within three phylogenetic complexes: F. oxysporum of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) with 56% (46.2% soil y 66.7% root) regional representation; F. solani, F. falciforme and Fusarium sp. of Fusarium solani complex (FSSC) (40%); and Fusarium sp. of Fusarium fujikuroi complex (FFSC) (4%). MO and pH correlated inversely with Fusarium Index (r2=0.68- 0.70). It is postulated that wilt and dry bud rot of blue agave constitute a syndrome in which several Fusarium species are associated and parasitically specialized. A single isolate per each species complex was found associated specifically to each or both symptoms. Most isolates were associated to wilting with prevalence of F.oxysporum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó la caracterización de la raíz de Salvia trifilis Epling y extracción de su aceite esencial. Este arbusto pertenece al Género Lamiaceae. Las raíces se recolectaron a una altura de 2000 m.s.n.m en Chilcapuquio, distrito de Santo Tomás, provincia de Cutervo, región Cajamarca. La composición química de la raíz se evaluó mediante la marcha fitoquímica preliminar de Miranda y Cuellar utilizando extracto clorofórmico, metanólico y acuoso. La obtención del aceite esencial se efectuó por el método por arrastre con vapor de agua a partir de las raíces desecadas de Salvia trifilis Epling. Se identificó que la raíz de S. trifilis Epling contiene grandes cantidades de alcaloides, triterpenos, esteroides y resinas, con un contenido moderado de lípidos, lactonas, compuestos fenólicos, proteínas y flavonoides. El aceite esencial tuvo un rendimiento min. de 0,50% (p/p) y máximo de 0,85% (p/p), densidad 0,86g/mL, índice de refracción 1,4750 y volatilidad 1,5% - 2,5%. Comparando los resultados de la raíz de la mejorana y la raíz de Valeriana officinalis se deduce que favorece al Sistema Nervioso Central, por lo que Salvia trifilis Epling es capaz de producir un sueño de mejor calidad.

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O conhecimento da arquitetura do sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar ainda è limitado devido às dificuldades metodológicas para o seu estudo. A forma correta de avaliar o sistema radicular não foi claramente estabelecida. Este estudo objetivou a comparação de dois mètodos diretos de avaliação da biomassa radicular: coleta de monólitos de solo e coleta de amostras em sonda. Para isto foram estabelecidas três parcelas experimentais (7,2 m2) completamente ao acaso em área de plantio de cana-de-açúcar sobre solo Neossolo Quartzarenico localizado no município de São Pedro - SP. Uma planta dentro de cada parcela experimental foi selecionada para o estudo do sistema radicular. A amostragem com sonda foi realizada em 9 pontos dentro da metade do polígono de voronoi e a densidade radicular estimada em 9 combinações de pontos de amostragem. As amostras de raízes coletadas pelos dois mètodos de estudo foram separadas do solo por meio da lavagem com água corrente em um conjunto de peneiras. Posteriormente as raízes foram colocadas para secar e finalmente pesadas em balança analítica. Diferenças significativas (p

Se evaluó el efecto del cadmio en el crecimiento y ganancia de biomasa en plantas de haba (Vicia faba L.), desarrolladas en cultivo hidropónico y expuestas a una concentración de CdSO4 de 0.112 ppm; se determinó también la bioacumulación del metal en raíz, tallo y hoja. Los resultados muestran que el cadmio generó una disminución en el crecimiento de la parte vegetativa, en la longitud de la raíz y en la producción de biomasa en las plantas sometidas al contaminante; la raíz fue el sitio de mayor bioacumulación seguido de las hojas y el tallo. Las raíces mostraron un oscurecimiento y engrosamiento. Las respuestas al contaminante pueden ser una herramienta para estudios de monitoreo ambiental.

Strawberry production has increased in Mexico, due to its taste, nutrition and high economic income. In Morelos, the production is affected by the strawberry dry wilt, a frequent disease in this crop that causes significant losses above 50% the production. The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent of the strawberry drier, perform pathogenicity tests from the isolate and compare against an isolated strain already identified, evaluate inoculation methods and observe the damage to the roots for this purpose they were analyzed plants with typical symptoms of the disease from a commercial plot were analyzed from June 2018. The identification of the fungus was made by cultural and morphological characteristics and compared with a strain of Fusarium oxysporum from Celaya, Guanajuato. The results show that the causal agent of the strawberry drier in Morelos is Fusarium oxysporum. The pathogenicity tests showed the damage caused by this fungus in the crop and its direct involvement in the fresh and dry weight of the roots in the plants. The comparison between means did not detect significant differences in the method of inoculation and the strains evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the morphophonological diversity of Spanish compounds (manirroto, cuelgacapas, pez estrella) without using concepts such as root, stem and word, whose scope is always restricted in order to explain all the constructions typically considered as compounds. Instead, we will deal with such morphophonological variation and distribution of units by differentiating, in first place, two kinds of syntactic contexts of lexical insertion (insertion on contexts with or without active agreement features) and, in second place, two kinds of lexical entries (free and bound entries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Blutaparon vermiculare and Funastrum glaucum grow in sandy soils with low nutrients availability and low water retention capacity, also influenced by salinity, high radiation and strong winds. The aim of this study was the anatomical characterization of vegetative organs and distinguishing characters that could be linked to habitat conditions. Roots, stems and leaves were collected and they were processed following the standard methodology for mounts observable with an optical microscope. In B. vermiculare, the roots are tri or tetrarchs with bulky cortical parenchyma cells; young stems have a typical eustele and a typical secondary vascular ring, but others lateral meristems are added; the leaves of this species are epistomatics, bifacial with abaxial aquifer parenchyma and mesophyll with stellate cells around the vascular bundles. Funastrum glaucum has diarch roots; in their young stems is evident hypodermis, palisade parenchyma and the primary vascular tissue organized in a ring with a very narrow parenchimatic radio; in secondary structure, vascular cambium with unequal activity; the leaves are fleshy, anphystomatics and bifacials with papillose abaxial epidermis. B. vermiculare is distinguished by the abundance of crystals in leaves and stems, and F. glaucum by their important starchy reservation in caules. The features that ensure their survival were discussed, among they distinguish the following: developed protective tissues, presence of water reservoir, Kranz anatomy, variants in vascular cambium activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Agrotecnologia is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se construyen de manera detallada, nuevas fórmulas para calcular la derivada y la anti-derivada de la función raíz de una potencia entera en el campo de los números reales. Se prueba que estas nuevas fórmulas son válidas en todo el dominio de la función, y que lo mismo no ocurre cuando esta se representa como una función de potencias racionales, y se aplican las fórmulas tradicionales para exponentes racionales. Finalmente, se establecen las condiciones y las modificaciones precisas, para que estas últimas sean válidas en todo el dominio de la función.

One of the most important constraint in Venezuela sesame production is the incidence of the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, which causes the disease called fungus wilt. A control option is to use plant extracts. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of sesame root and stem extracts of the three sesame cultivars Fonucla, INIA and UCLA295 on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, It was evaluated by means of the record of in vitro growth in ELISA microplates cells in presence of 0.2 mL of sesame root or stem extracts. Each treatment (root and stem extracts of each sesame cultivar was replicated 24 times. Each cell contained 0.2 mL of spore suspension (200 conidia mL-1) in potato dextrose broth and one of the treatments. Optical density was recorded each 12 h during 192h. Root extracts had the trend of inhibiting fungus growth, however only extracts coming from cultivar INIA had statistical differences (P

A adubação nitrogenada modifica os padrões morfogênicos de crescimento das forrageiras. Logo, estudos sobre a resposta de plantas recém lançadas, como a capim BRS Quênia, à adubação podem contribuir sobremaneira com a recomendação estratégias de manejo e doses mais apropriadas do adubo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a alocação de biomassa aérea e radicular, resposta morfogênica e a eficiência agronômica da adubação em plantas de Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia, sem adubação e adubadas com 50, 100 e 200 mg.dm-3 de nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As proporções de folha foram maiores que as proporções de colmo, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada. Houve maiores incrementos na produção de parte aérea em detrimento a produção de raiz. O aumento da adubação implicou em menor intervalo entre o surgimento das folhas do capim BRS Quênia, bem como aumentou o número de perfilhos por planta. A medida que se incrementa a adubação nitrogenada há diminuição da eficiência de uso do adubo. A adubação nitrogenada influencia positivamente a produção de forragem em plantas de Panicum maximum BRS Quênia e, independentemente da dose de adubação nitrogenada, a parte aérea funciona como principal dreno de nitrogênio.