27 results on '"racial divide"'
Search Results
2. Meditations on Psychoanalysis, Race, and the Divided Self.
- Author
-
Jenkins, Lee
- Subjects
- *
BLACK Lives Matter movement , *SELF , *PSYCHOANALYSIS , *KILLINGS by police - Abstract
The author, an African American, reflects on what it means to be a psychoanalyst and the effectiveness of psychoanalytic thinking in response to the racial dilemma in the United States. The current climate is a result of longstanding inequality of the races and reflects the social unrest prompted by the Black Lives Matter movement and the police killings of unarmed Black people. Three poems are also presented expressing some of the ideas discussed in the meditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018.
- Author
-
Schwandt, Hannes, Currie, Janet, Bär, Marlies, Banks, James, Bertoli, Paola, Bütikofer, Aline, Cattan, Sarah, Chao, Beatrice Zong-Ying, Costa, Claudia, González, Libertad, Grembi, Veronica, Huttunen, Kristiina, Karadakic, René, Kraftman, Lucy, Krutikova, Sonya, Lombardi, Stefano, Redler, Peter, Riumallo-Herl, Carlos, Rodríguez-González, Ana, and Salvanes, Kjell G.
- Subjects
- *
AFRICAN Americans , *HEALTH equity , *COVID-19 pandemic , *LIFE expectancy , *INFANTS - Abstract
Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9%between 1990 and 2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life expectancy in high- and low-income US areas and with reference to six European countries. Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the United States than in Europe. In 1990, White Americans and Europeans in high-income areas had similar overall life expectancy, while life expectancy for White Americans in low-income areas was lower. However, since then, even high-income White Americans have lost ground relative to Europeans. Meanwhile, the gap in life expectancy between Black Americans and Europeans decreased by 8.3%. Black American life expectancy increased more than White American life expectancy in all US areas, but improvements in lower-income areas had the greatest impact on the racial life expectancy gap. The causes that contributed the most to Black Americans’ mortality reductions included cancer, homicide, HIV, and causes originating in the fetal or infant period. Life expectancy for both Black and White Americans plateaued or slightly declined after 2012, but this stalling was most evident among Black Americans even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. If improvements had continued at the 1990 to 2012 rate, the racial gap in life expectancy would have closed by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages and in both high-income and low-income areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed.
- Author
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Case, Anne and Deaton, Angus
- Subjects
- *
BACHELOR of arts degree , *LIFE expectancy , *ACHIEVEMENT gap , *DEATH rate , *ADULTS ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality - Abstract
A 4-y college degree is increasingly the key to good jobs and, ultimately, to good lives in an ever-more meritocratic and unequal society. The bachelor's degree (BA) is increasingly dividing Americans; the one-third with a BA or more live longer and more prosperous lives, while the two-thirds without face rising mortality and declining prospects. We construct a time series, from 1990 to 2018, of a summary of each year's mortality rates and expected years lived from 25 to 75 at the fixed mortality rates of that year. Our measure excludes those over 75 who have done relatively well over the last three decades and focuses on the years when deaths rose rapidly through drug overdoses, suicides, and alcoholic liver disease and when the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease slowed and reversed. The BA/no-BA gap in our measure widened steadily from 1990 to 2018. Beyond 2010, as those with a BA continued to see increases in our period measure of expected life, those without saw declines. This is true for the population as a whole, for men and for women, and for Black and White people. In contrast to growing education gaps, gaps between Black and White people diminished but did not vanish. By 2018, intraracial college divides were larger than interracial divides conditional on college; by our measure, those with a college diploma are more alike one another irrespective of race than they are like those of the same race who do not have a BA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Race and Worrying About Police Brutality: The Hidden Injuries of Minority Status in America.
- Author
-
Graham, Amanda, Haner, Murat, Sloan, Melissa M., Cullen, Francis T., Kulig, Teresa C., and Jonson, Cheryl Lero
- Subjects
POLICE brutality ,AFRICAN Americans ,WOUNDS & injuries ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,MINORITIES ,ETHNIC differences - Abstract
Given the historically contentious relationship – including most notably the use of excessive and lethal force – between the police and African Americans, the current project examines the extent to which Blacks in the United States fear police brutality. The study is based on a national-level survey (N = 1,000), and measures fear by how much respondents "worry" about experiencing police force. The data support the racial divide hypothesis, showing that Blacks' worry about such violence is over five times that of Whites. Guided by the racial/ethnic gradient hypothesis, the analyses also assess Hispanic respondents' level of worry. Rather than forming a gradient by falling midway between Blacks and Whites, Hispanics' worry about police brutality more closely reflects those of Blacks at more than four times that of Whites, suggesting a racial/ethnic divide. These findings thus assert that worrying about police brutality is an emotional injury that minorities disproportionately experience and whose pervasiveness remains largely hidden from view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Conclusion: Lasting Legacies of an American Faith
- Author
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Polk, Andrew R., author
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Review: Worlding White Supremacy and Indian Nationalism
- Author
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Agathocleous, Tanya, author
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Undoing Brazil: Hybridity versus Multiculturalism
- Author
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Fry, Peter, Naro, Nancy Priscilla, editor, Sansi-Roca, Roger, editor, and Treece, David H., editor
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Labours of a Modern Storyteller: George Eliot and the Cultural Project of ‘Nationhood’ in Daniel Deronda
- Author
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Lesjak, Carolyn, Robbins, Ruth, editor, and Wolfreys, Julian, editor
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018
- Author
-
Eddy van Doorslaer, Josselin Thuilliez, Ana Rodríguez-González, Bram Wouterse, Stefano Lombardi, René Karadakic, Paola Bertoli, Libertad Gonzalez, Janet Currie, Joachim Winter, Kjell G. Salvanes, Kristiina Huttunen, Sarah Cattan, Amelie Wuppermann, Peter Redler, Marlies Bär, Cláudia Costa, Veronica Grembi, Hannes Schwandt, Aline Bütikofer, Carlos Riumallo-Herl, Lucy Kraftman, James Banks, Paula Santana, Beatrice Zong-Ying Chao, Tom Van Ourti, Sonya Krutikova, Northwestern University [Evanston], National Bureau of Economic Research [New York] (NBER), The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton University, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management |Rotterdam], University of Manchester [Manchester], Institute for Fiscal Studies, Department of Economics and SAFE Center, University of Verona, University of Verona (UNIVR), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics (NHH), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), The Institute for Fiscal Studies, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods University of Milano-Bicocca, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Aalto University, Government Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (VATT), VATT, University of Munich (LMU Munich), Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus university, Lund University [Lund], Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Claudia Costa received support from the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), the European Social Fund, and the Centro Operational Programme (SFRH/BD/132218/2017). Paula Santana received support from the Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning (UIDB/04084/2020), through an FCT fund. Aline Bütikofer, René Karadakic, and Kjell Salvanes received support from the Research Council of Norway through project No. 275800 and through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project No. 262675 and by the NORFACE DIAL grant 462-16-050. Peter Redler received support from the Elite Network of Bavaria within the Evidence-Based Economics programme., Northwestern University, University of Verona, Norwegian School of Economics, Universidade de Coimbra, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, University of Milano, Department of Economics, VATT Institute for Economic Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Lund University, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and Aalto-yliopisto
- Subjects
Mortality/ethnology ,area-level socioeconomic status ,Area-level socioeconomic status ,Life expectancy ,Social Sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Homicide ,JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health ,Age-specific mortality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,050207 economics ,Young adult ,Child ,International comparison ,media_common ,JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics ,Multidisciplinary ,Mortality rate ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,Middle Aged ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,3. Good health ,Europe ,Geography ,Blacks/statistics & numerical data ,Child, Preschool ,Adult ,age-specific mortality ,international comparison ,life expectancy ,racial divide ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Inequality ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Black People ,Life Expectancy/ethnology ,Economic Sciences ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Life Expectancy ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,Mortality ,Mortality trends ,Aged ,White (horse) ,JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy/E.E2.E21 - Consumption • Saving • Wealth ,Whites/statistics & numerical data ,Infant ,United States ,Racial divide ,Demography - Abstract
Significance From 1990 to 2018, the Black–White American life expectancy gap fell 48.9% and mortality inequality decreased, although progress stalled after 2012 as life expectancy plateaued. Had improvements continued at the 1990 to 2012 rate, the racial gap in life expectancy would have closed by 2036. Despite decreasing mortality inequality, income-based life expectancy gaps remain starker in the United States than in European countries. At the same time, European mortality improved strongly and even those U.S. populations with the longest life spans–White Americans living in the highest-income areas–experience higher mortality at all ages than Europeans in high-income areas in 2018. Hence, mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further in both high-income and low-income areas., Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9% between 1990 and 2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life expectancy in high- and low-income US areas and with reference to six European countries. Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the United States than in Europe. In 1990, White Americans and Europeans in high-income areas had similar overall life expectancy, while life expectancy for White Americans in low-income areas was lower. However, since then, even high-income White Americans have lost ground relative to Europeans. Meanwhile, the gap in life expectancy between Black Americans and Europeans decreased by 8.3%. Black American life expectancy increased more than White American life expectancy in all US areas, but improvements in lower-income areas had the greatest impact on the racial life expectancy gap. The causes that contributed the most to Black Americans’ mortality reductions included cancer, homicide, HIV, and causes originating in the fetal or infant period. Life expectancy for both Black and White Americans plateaued or slightly declined after 2012, but this stalling was most evident among Black Americans even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. If improvements had continued at the 1990 to 2012 rate, the racial gap in life expectancy would have closed by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages and in both high-income and low-income areas.
- Published
- 2021
11. The Racial Setting of Hawai‘i in the 1920s
- Author
-
Okamura, Jonathan Y., author
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Changing Population Distribution and Racial Composition in the Detroit Metropolitan Area since 1970
- Subjects
関西大学 ,都市の衰退 ,urban decline ,ラストベルト ,自然地理学 ,人種的分断 ,人文地理学 ,ジオグラフィカ千里 ,郊外化 ,suburbanization ,デトロイト ,Kansai University ,rust belt ,Detroit ,地理学 ,racial divide - Abstract
デトロイトは近年人口減少により衰退するラストベルトの最大都市である。デトロイト大都市圏が人口のピークを迎えた1970年から人口は停滞・減少し,その大都市は雇用の喪失とともに人口減少に見舞われた。本稿では,衰退するデトロイト大都市圏で人口分布がどう変化しているかを分析した。デトロイト大都市圏では,中心市の急速な人口減少がみられ,郊外では人口が増加しているものの,それは中心市の人口減少を補うほどではなく,大都市圏の衰退が進んでいることと,主要な郊外都市でも人口減少に見舞われることが多いことがわかった。また1970年頃の人口の大きな動きはデトロイト市内の黒人人口の急増に伴う郊外へのWhite Flightであり,郊外の白人専用居住地域とデトロイト市内の黒人専用住宅地域という人種的分断が地理的分断と重なっていた。現在ではデトロイトからの黒人の郊外化Black Flightに伴い,デトロイト市の空洞化がさらに進行しているものの,白人専用だった郊外住宅地での人種的融合が進行している状況が確認できた。, Detroit is the largest rust belt city and metropolitan area in the United States. Its industrial decline and population loss began in 1970s. In this article how the population distribution and racial composition has changed in this declining metropolitan area was analyzed. In 1970s influx of black population into the city of Detroit and white flight to the suburbs was the most fundamental population change. As a result of this change the metropolitan area became both geographically and racially divided ; the black central city and the white suburbs. In recent decades continuing industrial decline has led to continuing population outflow from the central city. The black flight to suburbs has consequently begun to decrease racial segregation in the suburban area., 伊東理教授退職記念号, 特集 : 都市空間の地理学
- Published
- 2019
13. Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed
- Author
-
Angus Deaton and Anne Case
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Population ,Social Sciences ,bachelor’s degree ,Race (biology) ,educational divide ,Cause of Death ,Political science ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,White (horse) ,Mortality rate ,Racial Groups ,Middle Aged ,Degree (music) ,United States ,Bachelor's Degree ,Falling (accident) ,Life expectancy ,life expectancy ,Educational Status ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Demography ,racial divide - Abstract
Significance Without a 4-y college diploma, it is increasingly difficult to build a meaningful and successful life in the United States. We explore what the BA divide has done to longevity, focusing on a measure of expected years lived between ages 25 and 75. In the richest large country in the world, with frontier medical technology, expected years lived between 25 and 75 declined for most of a decade for men and women without a 4-y degree, even prior to the arrival of COVID-19. For those with and without a BA, racial divides narrowed by 70% between 1990 and 2018, while educational divides more than doubled for both Black and White people., A 4-y college degree is increasingly the key to good jobs and, ultimately, to good lives in an ever-more meritocratic and unequal society. The bachelor’s degree (BA) is increasingly dividing Americans; the one-third with a BA or more live longer and more prosperous lives, while the two-thirds without face rising mortality and declining prospects. We construct a time series, from 1990 to 2018, of a summary of each year’s mortality rates and expected years lived from 25 to 75 at the fixed mortality rates of that year. Our measure excludes those over 75 who have done relatively well over the last three decades and focuses on the years when deaths rose rapidly through drug overdoses, suicides, and alcoholic liver disease and when the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease slowed and reversed. The BA/no-BA gap in our measure widened steadily from 1990 to 2018. Beyond 2010, as those with a BA continued to see increases in our period measure of expected life, those without saw declines. This is true for the population as a whole, for men and for women, and for Black and White people. In contrast to growing education gaps, gaps between Black and White people diminished but did not vanish. By 2018, intraracial college divides were larger than interracial divides conditional on college; by our measure, those with a college diploma are more alike one another irrespective of race than they are like those of the same race who do not have a BA.
- Published
- 2021
14. Racially Biased Policing.
- Author
-
Weitzer, Ronald and Tuch, Steven A.
- Abstract
This chapter examines four types of racialized policing: discrimination against minority individuals, discrimination against minority neighborhoods, racial prejudice among police officers, and racial profiling during traffic stops. Like the misconduct examined in the previous chapter, the frequency and scope of racially biased policing remains unknown. Despite a recent flurry of studies of racial profiling during traffic stops, there are no reliable estimates of how many stops are motivated entirely or largely by the drivers' race. Similarly, we do not know how often police discriminate in other ways against individuals because of their race. Almost no studies have investigated whether the race of officers affects citizen attitudes toward the police, despite the conventional wisdom that officers' race does make a difference. Although racial prejudice among officers is thought to be commonplace (Jefferson 1988:522) and likely influences their behavior at least to some degree, the extent of racial animus on the part of police is opaque. Citizens' views of racialized policing may be considered just as important as the objective reality of policing. Behavior perceived as racially motivated may increase the frequency of face-to-face altercations between minorities and officers and generate broader distrust of the police. Such perceptions also may make people less inclined to call the police to report crimes, to cooperate with police investigations, and to consider police work as a career. In short, the belief that policing is racialized and thus unjust can have serious ramifications for both the public and the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. CREOLIZATION IN NEW ORLEANS: JAZZ AND CULTURAL HYBRIDITY 1900-1940
- Author
-
Dow, Franklin Dennis
- Subjects
- Creole, Segregation, Racial Divide, Mardi Gras, Congo Square, Immigration, Ethnomusicology
- Abstract
ABSTRACT My project builds on existing histories of jazz, theories of creolization, and studies on cultural hybridity. Creolization and hybridity were equal partners in the creation of a societal and musical revolution. As a student and a performer of jazz, I have found that this aspect of jazz history has been neglected and under researched. This thesis attempts to fill in this gap and is guided by four major questions: (1) How did creolization and cultural hybridity influence the development and reception of jazz in the early half of the twentieth century? (2) How did the Creole and Black communities in New Orleans culturally and economically benefit from the merging of their musical practices and experiences? (3) What constituted the relationships between Black, White, and Creole communities? (4) Who were the major players that shaped and profited from the practice and how? These research questions engage with the concepts of cultural hybridity and cultural identity in order to understand how and why creolization was a major process that led to the development of jazz. Contemporary New Orleans is a result of the forced and voluntary migration of a variety of populations to this unique region and the resulting hybridity continues to define the city as a bastion of diversity. The confluence of cultures in this city during this era showcases a musical, racial, and cultural hybridity that marks the unique city of New Orleans as the birthplace of jazz. There were several musical styles and practices that emerged in New Orleans during the early twentieth century that contributed to the foundation of jazz. These practices consisted of gospel music, blues, European salon music, such as waltzes and popular dance, folk songs and improvisations that highlighted personal experiences (from hardships to happier occasions). The influx of musicians from Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean all brought their own stylistic elements to the music and culture of New Orleans. The result was one of cultural hybridity. I argue that in New Orleans, creolization was one of the major cultural processes that shaped the development of jazz between 1900 to 1940.
- Published
- 2022
16. Marginalization in Leisure and Health Resources in a Rural U.S. Town: Social Justice Issues Related to Age, Race, and Class
- Author
-
Son, Julie S.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. TWO WORLDS FAR APART: BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES IN BELIEFS ABOUT WHY AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPRISONED.
- Author
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UNNEVER, JAMES D.
- Subjects
- *
BLACK white differences , *AFRICAN American prisoners , *IMPRISONMENT rates , *PRISON population , *DISCRIMINATION in criminal justice administration , *CRIME & race , *SOCIAL attitudes , *RACE relations - Abstract
Analyzing The Washington Post, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University 2006 African American Survey, the current project focuses on three related issues. First, I examine whether African Americans and whites share a common “sensibility” or “cognitive landscape” when considering why African-American men are disproportionately imprisoned. Second, the current research investigates whether the sensibilities held by African Americans and whites are collectively held. Third, I investigate whether the relative subordinate position of African Americans—as manifested in their personal experiences with racial discrimination—shapes the opinions that they have about why black men are disproportionately incarcerated. Findings reveal that African Americans and whites significantly differ in their opinions about why black men are imprisoned. They also show that deep divisions exist among whites, whereas African Americans tend to share a common sensibility as to why black males are disproportionately incarcerated. The results reveal that the cognitive landscape that African Americans collectively hold about why black men are incarcerated is shaped by their personal experiences with racial discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. INTERNET USAGE: A WITHIN RACE ANALYSIS.
- Author
-
Banerjee, Sarbani and Hodge, Amitra
- Subjects
INTERNET users ,DIGITAL divide ,RACISM ,SEX differences (Biology) ,EDUCATION ,INCOME gap ,AGE differences ,SOCIAL surveys - Abstract
The majority of North Americans have more access to the Internet today as compared to ten years ago. Schools, libraries, homes, coffee houses, and workplaces are equipped with the technology needed to get people online. This paper addresses a need to shift the focus from describing the digital divide, unequal access to the Internet, to the focus of describing the digital divide in usage. Research suggests that differences in usage do exist between social categories, such as race/ethnicity, gender, education, income, region, and age. This paper attempts to go beyond previous research studies by exploring the usage of the Internet by sex, education, income, and age within the racial categories of white and non-white. Data for this study is from the Current Population Survey. Our findings indicate that differences do exist within the categories of white and non-white. Furthermore, the study presents the findings of what people engage in while on the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
19. Reassessing the Racial Divide in Support for Capital Punishment: The Continuing Significance of Race.
- Author
-
Unnever, James D. and Cullen, Francis T.
- Subjects
- *
CAPITAL punishment , *RACIAL differences , *RACE relations , *CRIMINAL justice system , *CRIMINAL law , *AFRICAN Americans - Abstract
This project investigates the racial divide in support for capital punishment. The authors examine whether race has a direct effect on support for capital punishment and test whether the influence of race varies across class, being a native southerner, confidence in government officials, political orientation, and religious affiliation. Using data drawn from the General Social Survey, they find a substantial racial divide, with African Americans much less likely to support the death penalty. Furthermore, the analysis revealed little support for the "spurious/social convergence" hypothesis; shared factors that might be expected to bring African Americans and Whites together--class, confidence in government, conservative politics, regional location, and religious fundamentalism--either did not narrow African American-White punishment attitudes or, at best, had only modest effects. The Results suggest that the racial divide in support for capital punishment is likely to remain a point of symbolic contention in African American-White conceptions of criminal injustice in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Confrontations in Black and White: The Crisis of Integration
- Author
-
Perkiss, Abigail, author
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Sunbelt South and Its Shadows
- Author
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Atkins, Joseph B., author
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Conclusion
- Author
-
WALKER, MELISSA, author
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Did household consumption become more volatile?
- Author
-
Olga Gorbachev
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Financial economics ,consumption risk ,Family income ,Volatility risk premium ,Market liquidity ,panel data ,Volatility swap ,Euler estimation ,Economics ,Volatility smile ,Demographic economics ,Real interest rate ,Volatility (finance) ,Panel data ,racial divide - Abstract
I show that after accounting for predictable variation arising from movements in real interest rates, preferences and income shocks, liquidity constraints and measurement errors, volatility of household consumption in the US increased by 25 percent between 1970 and 2004. The increase was lower than that of volatility of family income. Nonwhite and those with less than 13 years of education, for whom there was no differential increase in income volatility, experienced a significantly larger increase in volatility of household consumption. Substantial differences in wealth and access to credit markets point to the main reason for this divide. JEL: D12, D14, E21, J15
- Published
- 2011
24. A More Perfect Union
- Author
-
Obama, Barack, Obama, Barack, Obama, Barack, and Obama, Barack
- Abstract
"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union." Two hundred and twenty one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street, a group of men gathered and, with these simple words, launched America's improbable experiment in democracy. Farmers and scholars; statesmen and patriots who had traveled across an ocean to escape tyranny and persecution finally made real their declaration of independence at a Philadelphia convention that lasted through the spring of 1787. The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished. It was stained by this nation's original sin of slavery, a question that divided the colonies and brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least twenty more years, and to leave any final resolution to future generations.
- Published
- 2008
25. Optimism about Black Progress Declines Blacks See Growing Values Gap Between Poor and Middle Class
- Author
-
Kohut, Andrew, Kohut, Andrew, Taylor, Paul, Keeter, Scott, Allen, Jodie, Morin, Richard, Cohn, D’Vera, Clark, April, Horowitz, Juliana, Neidorf, Shawn, Pond, Allison, Suls, Robert, Albrittain, James, Funk, Cary, Kohut, Andrew, Kohut, Andrew, Taylor, Paul, Keeter, Scott, Allen, Jodie, Morin, Richard, Cohn, D’Vera, Clark, April, Horowitz, Juliana, Neidorf, Shawn, Pond, Allison, Suls, Robert, Albrittain, James, and Funk, Cary
- Abstract
African Americans see a widening gulf between the values of middle class and poor blacks, and nearly four-in ten say that because of the diversity within their community, blacks can no longer be thought of as a single race, a new Pew Research Center survey has found. The survey also finds blacks less upbeat about the state of black progress now than at any time since 1983. Looking backward, just one-in-five blacks say things are better for blacks now than they were five years ago. Looking ahead, fewer than half of all blacks (44%) say they think life for blacks will get better in the future, down from the 57% who said so in a 1986 survey.
- Published
- 2007
26. Alternative spheres of influence: The impact of divergent political elites on the racial divide in American public opinion.
- Author
-
White, Ismail K.
- Subjects
- Alternative, American, Black Politics, Divergent, Impact, Influence, Political Elites, Public Opinion, Racial Divide, Spheres
- Abstract
Moving beyond other scholars' focus on the relationship between political predispositions and black and white differences in opinion on policies, I develop a theoretical framework that considers the effects of groups' exposure to differing elite interpretations of political issues. Specifically, I argue that in an attempt to advance their own interests and ideologies among their respective racial constituencies, African-American elites---including black elected officials, journalists, and religious and organizational leaders---and mainstream elites---those elites who are able to dominate mainstream discourse---frame political issues, even issues with no apparent racial content, in substantively different ways. Through analysis of both survey and experimental data, I demonstrate that these framing differences imply that African Americans' exposure to messages from their own indigenous political elites, as delivered through black institutions, and white Americans' lack of exposure to this alternative elite discourse, help explain many of the differences researchers have observed in black and white public opinion.
- Published
- 2005
27. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio Is Unpopular With White Voters.
- Author
-
Gay, Mara and Dawsey, Josh
- Subjects
- *
EQUALITY , *INCOME inequality , *RACISM , *HISPANIC Americans , *SOCIAL conditions of Black people - Published
- 2015
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