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• Rate of consumption is a known factor in outcomes including AUD symptoms. • 113 individuals completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. • Four UPPS sub-scales were associated with faster rates of alcohol consumption. • Sensation seeking and lack of perseverance were associated with faster consumption. Rate of alcohol consumption, the speed with which people drink, has been linked to a range of outcomes, including alcohol use disorder symptoms and increased positive affect. However, minimal work has identified who is most likely to drink at elevated rates. Impulsivity is associated with increased attention to positive reinforcers specifically (e.g., positive affect). We therefore examined whether people higher in trait impulsivity engage in faster consumption during drinking episodes. Participants were current drinkers (N = 113; 54 people with borderline personality disorder [BPD], a disorder that involves elevated impulsivity, and 59 community people) who completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol. Multilevel models of drinking episodes (N observations = 3,444) examined whether self-reported trait impulsivity, measured at baseline, was associated with faster rise in estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) at each follow-up period. All UPPS sub-scales were associated with faster rise in eBAC across a drinking episode. In a multivariate model including all sub-scales as simultaneous predictors, sensation seeking and (lack of) perseverance were independently positively associated with rate of consumption. Additional analyses indicated that greater negative urgency and sensation seeking were associated with faster rises in eBAC in participants with BPD, relative to community comparisons. In a sample that captured a wide spectrum of impulsivity, greater impulsivity was associated with drinking alcohol at a faster rate. People higher in sensation seeking and (lack of) perseverance may be prone to drink at faster rates out of a desire to maximize the hedonic effects of alcohol. This study finds that people who are more impulsive tend to drink alcohol faster, putting them at greater risk for negative consequences. This may explain, in part, why impulsivity is linked to experiencing alcohol-related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determined the effect of insecticide profenofos to the rate of consumption and assimilation efficiency of cow- dung by earthworms Pontoscolex corethrurus Fr. Mull. This research used Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 5 repetition. Treatments that was given to sample are the insecticide profenofos with concentration of 0 % (control); 0.1%; 0.2 %; 0.3 %; 0.4 %; 0.5 %. Data analysis was using Varians Analysis. If there was real difference then data analysis continued with The Duncan Test on level of confidence of 95%. The results of this research show us that several concentration of insecticide carbaryl have the real effect to the average of consumption rate and the efficiency of absorption. The lowest average of consumption rate on earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus Fr.Mull is on concentration of 0.5 % (0.23 ± 0.02 mg/g day) and the highest average of consumption 26 rate on earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus Fr. Mull is on concentration of 0% (control) (2.53 ± 0.05 mg/g day). The lowest average of approach digestyon earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus is on concentration of 0 % (control) (40.78 28 ± 2.56 %) and the highest average of digestion earth worm Pontoscolex corethrurus Fr.Mull is on concentration of 0.5 % 29 (70.76 ± 3.67 %).

Rationale: Alcohol consumption in adolescents and emerging adults is a significant issue. However, our understanding of the topography of alcohol use within drinking episodes in this population is at a nascent stage. Objectives: This study characterized rate of alcohol consumption in the daily lives of problem drinkers ages 16–24 years (N = 75). We examined whether AUD symptoms and the presence of peers, factors relevant to alcohol consumption in youth, were associated with rate of consumption. Methods: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used (Nobservations = 799). Rate of consumption was defined as change in estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) relative to the start of the drinking episode. Piecewise multi-level modeling was used to test hypotheses. As a comparison, we examined whether indicators of quantity and frequency (Q-F) were associated with AUD symptoms and presence of peers. Results: For all participants, eBAC increased sharply early in the episode, then plateaued. Participants with more AUD symptoms or who were in the presence of peers had significantly steeper increases in eBAC over the early part of the episode. Participants with more AUD symptoms were also more likely to engage in binge-like behavior. For Q-F, only peak eBAC and peak number of standard drinks were associated with AUD symptoms, and not presence of peers. Conclusions: Findings highlight the value of rate of consumption as an indicator of use in youth, one sensitive to the influence of relevant person-level and situational factors. Intervention efforts may benefit from targeting the speed at which youth drink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While in operation aircraft components are replaced due to the end of their service life or failure. Needs formation of the operator in the replaceable components considerably determines the operating efficiency of the aircraft type and particular airplanes, as lack of components causes aircraft downtime and oversupply deadens the funds spent to purchase them. These processes are regulated by norms of consumption of materials and tools spare parts necessary and sufficient for aircraft operation.This work considers the conditions of formation of spare parts rate of consumption for aircraft maintenance and repair and provides the calculations on the formation of these norms in current development conditions, manufacture and operation of domestically produced aircraft at various stages of their life cycle.

Objective: To evaluate how subjective control over intake is influenced by objective aspects of consumption, negative affect, and recent binge eating.Method: 105 participants with or without current binge eating (BE) consumed a meal replacement shake following a 12-hour overnight fast in a 2 × 2 design: participants were instructed to either consume the entire shake (no control) or decide on their own how much to consume (affirmative control). They were allotted either 5 (fast) or 15 (slow) minutes to complete the task. Participants reported on subjective control and negative affect following consumption.Results: Compared to the slow condition, participants in the fast condition reported higher negative affect after eating. Individuals without a history of BE reported lower subjective control in the no control compared to the affirmative control condition; however, this pattern was reversed among those with BE, such that individuals reported higher subjective control following consumption in the no control condition. In addition, subjective control was positively associated with negative affect in the no control condition whereas it was negatively associated with negative affect in the affirmative control condition.Discussion: Eating rate influences affect, and subjective control over eating may be the result of an interaction of objective control with affect. Thus, distress may drive perceptions of control. This should be directly tested in future studies and has implications for how we understand BE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly associated with alcohol use disorder, but little is known about how BPD individuals consume alcohol or the immediate effects of their consumption. There is therefore a need for research investigating drinking behavior in BPD. Objectives: The current study examined rate of alcohol consumption in BPD ( N = 54) and community individuals (COM; N = 59) within ecologically valid drinking episodes. We hypothesized that rate of consumption would be elevated in BPD individuals. We further hypothesized that rate of consumption would be positively associated with subjective stimulation, but not sedation, and that stimulation would be associated with increased positive affect (PA) and reduced negative affect (NA). Methods: Ambulatory assessment was used to assess rate of consumption, subjective alcohol response, and affect in the moment ( N = 3444). Rate of consumption was defined as change in estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) relative to drinking episode start. Multilevel modeling was used to test hypotheses. Results: As hypothesized, BPD individuals demonstrated a faster increase in eBAC than COM individuals. Rate of consumption was associated with subjective stimulation, but not sedation, in both groups. Stimulation was associated with increased PA in both groups and reduced NA in the BPD group. Conclusions: BPD individuals consumed alcohol more rapidly than COM individuals. Faster consumption may serve as a means for BPD individuals to maximize the rewarding pharmacological effects of alcohol and to increase positive and reduce negative affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding how alcohol consumption patterns are associated with negative and positive outcomes can inform efforts to reduce negative consequences through modification of those patterns. This is important in underage drinkers, many of whom drink heavily despite negative consequences. Most work has focused on the amount of alcohol consumed, but amount provides limited information about consumption patterns compared to rate of consumption, or how fast individuals drink. We therefore examined associations of both amount and rate of consumption with negative and positive outcomes (immediate affective states and next-morning consequences) in daily life.Method: Ninety-five college students aged 18-20 years completed ecological momentary assessment over 28 days. Participants reported number of standard drinks consumed and positive and negative affect hourly within drinking episodes. Estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) values were used to create amount and rate of consumption indicators. Each morning after drinking, participants reported negative (e.g., blackout, hangover) and positive (e.g., new friend, making others laugh) consequences.Results: Within drinking episodes, multilevel models showed faster consumption was associated with reduced negative affect and both larger amount and faster consumption were associated with greater positive affect. Further, amount and rate were both associated with greater likelihood of a negative consequence the next morning. Rate, but not amount, was associated with more positive consequences.Conclusions: Not only how much but also how fast individuals drink may be important for the positive and negative outcomes they experience. Interventions to reduce negative alcohol-related outcomes should consider not only amount, but also rate of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]