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BACKGROUND With the continuous accumulation of data resources around the world, the application of data visualization has become more urgent, and the methods of data visualization have also shown diversified characteristics. Data visualization is a scientific and technical research on the visual representation of data, which studies how to display relatively obscure data visually in a real and accurate way, to vividly and intuitively express the information and rules contained in the data. Literature is an important carrier of knowledge dissemination, with systematic characteristics, continuity, a large quantity and fast update, and is an important source of information. The visualization research of literature is of great significance to the dissemination of knowledge. At present, the visualization research of document data is mostly combined with the bibliometric analysis method, which visualizes the relationship between documents in the form of a scientific knowledge map. The application of this technology and method has played an important role in mining the information and rules contained in document data, but it is slightly insufficient in the spatial attribute mining of document data, which requires in-depth research in this field. OBJECTIVES To provide new solutions for expanding the application of literature data in the field of spatial visualization, thereby further enhancing the usable value of literature data. METHODS GIS technology was used to carry out the research on the spatial visualization method of document data, excavate the common content features and spatial features of document data, and gather the structured document data of a certain volume of spatial feature information to lay the data foundation for the visualization research. At the same time, the combination point between GIS technology and document data was studied, and the strategy and technical route for information mining and spatial visualization of document data were formed. Taking the data of more than 140 Re-Os isotope dating documents published since 2015 to 2020 as an example, the application test of this technical method was carried out. A Re-Os isotope data visualization service system with a five-tier architecture including layers of support, data, service, application and user has been developed, to realize the spatial visualization application of Re-Os isotope dating document data results. RESULTS The results show that: (1) The study area contains more than 140 ore producing areas that carried out Re-Os isotope dating research from 2015 to 2020, covering the eastern, central, and western regions of China. (2) There are 19 main minerals in the study area, mainly copper (29.0%), molybdenum (28.3%), tungsten (12.4%) and gold (11.0%). (3) There are 12 kinds of detection objects, and the proportion of molybdenite as the detection object is 80.7%, which indicates that molybdenite is still the preferred research object of the Re-Os isotope dating method, which is inseparable from the high Re/Os value of molybdenite. (4) The detection age falls in the lower age range of 0-200Ma, accounting for 62.1% of the ore-producing areas, which are mainly distributed in the northeast and southeast regions of China, indicating that the Re-Os isotope ages in the eastern region are concentrated in the Mesozoic era, which is consistent with the existence of large-scale Mesozoic mineralization events in the eastern region of China. The ore-producing area in the age range above 200Ma accounts for 37.9%, which is mainly distributed in the central and western regions of China, indicating that the Re-Os isotope ages in the central and western regions are concentrated before the Mesozoic era and have the characteristics of multiple mineralization. CONCLUSIONS The research shows that the document data visualization technology and method proposed in this paper can be used to excavate the spatial characteristics of the document data, expand the application of the document data in the field of spatial visualization, and solve the problems of how to analyze and extract the common information of the document data, locate the spatial feature information, and realize the spatial visualization technology. In terms of revealing important target areas, key research minerals and main application technologies, it can provide spatial visualization information, and provide reference for finding the hot spots and difficulties of current metallogenic chronology research.

BACKGROUND: With the continuous accumulation of data resources around the world, the application of data visualization has become more urgent, and the methods of data visualization have also shown diversified characteristics. Data visualization is a scientific and technical research on the visual representation of data, which studies how to display relatively obscure data visually in a real and accurate way, to vividly and intuitively express the information and rules contained in the data. Literature is an important carrier of knowledge dissemination, with systematic characteristics, continuity, a large quantity and fast update, and is an important source of information. The visualization research of literature is of great significance to the dissemination of knowledge. At present, the visualization research of document data is mostly combined with the bibliometric analysis method, which visualizes the relationship between documents in the form of a scientific knowledge map. The application of this technology and method has played an important role in mining the information and rules contained in document data, but it is slightly insufficient in the spatial attribute mining of document data, which requires in-depth research in this field. OBJECTIVES: To provide new solutions for expanding the application of literature data in the field of spatial visualization, thereby further enhancing the usable value of literature data. METHODS: GIS technology was used to carry out the research on the spatial visualization method of document data, excavate the common content features and spatial features of document data, and gather the structured document data of a certain volume of spatial feature information to lay the data foundation for the visualization research. At the same time, the combination point between GIS technology and document data was studied, and the strategy and technical route for information mining and spatial visualization of document data were formed. Taking the data of more than 140 Re-Os isotope dating documents published since 2015 to 2020 as an example, the application test of this technical method was carried out. A Re-Os isotope data visualization service system with a five-tier architecture including layers of support, data, service, application and user has been developed, to realize the spatial visualization application of Re-Os isotope dating document data results. RESULTS: The results show that: (1) The study area contains more than 140 ore producing areas that carried out Re-Os isotope dating research from 2015 to 2020, covering the eastern, central, and western regions of China. (2) There are 19 main minerals in the study area, mainly copper (29. 0%), molybdenum (28. 3%), tungsten (12. 4%) and gold (11. 0%). (3) There are 12 kinds of detection objects, and the proportion of molybdenite as the detection object is 80. 7%, which indicates that molybdenite is still the preferred research object of the Re-Os isotope dating method, which is inseparable from the high Re / Os value of molybdenite. (4) The detection age falls in the lower age range of 0 - 200Ma, accounting for 62. 1% of the ore - producing areas, which are mainly distributed in the northeast and southeast regions of China, indicating that the Re-Os isotope ages in the eastern region are concentrated in the Mesozoic era, which is consistent with the existence of large - scale Mesozoic mineralization events in the eastern region of China. The ore - producing area in the age range above 200Ma accounts for 37. 9%, which is mainly distributed in the central and western regions of China, indicating that the Re-Os isotope ages in the central and western regions are concentrated before the Mesozoic era and have the characteristics of multiple mineralization. CONCLUSIONS: The research shows that the document data visualization technology and method proposed in this paper can be used to excavate the spatial characteristics of the document data, expand the application of the document data in the field of spatial visualization, and solve the problems of how to analyze and extract the common information of the document data, locate the spatial feature information, and realize the spatial visualization technology. In terms of revealing important target areas, key research minerals and main application technologies, it can provide spatial visualization information, and provide reference for finding the hot spots and difficulties of current metallogenic chronology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND A geological database is an important part of earth information science, which will provide reliable data support for geological research and application. Re-Os dating technology is widely applied in the study of ore deposit, mantle evolution, and marine environment. OBJECTIVES To construct a journal publication-based Re-Os dating database to integrate related research achievements, and improve the management and application of the technology. METHODS The technical route of GIS spatial database construction was adopted, and systematically studied database construction methods from multiple dimensions such as database construction ideas, data integration methods, and data database construction. RESULTS The database used publicly published Re-Os isotope dating documents as the data source and gathered more than 100 publicly published Re-Os dating documents from the last ten years. More than 35 journals were involved. The data sources were authoritative, extensive and representative. Through the structural transformation and spatial processing of unstructured fragmented document data, the database had the characteristics of authoritative data source, structured data content, and attributed spatial location. CONCLUSIONS The Re-Os dating database has a reliable data source, which can provide data support for the geological survey and research of mineral deposits.

BACKGROUND Organic-rich sedimentary rocks of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation are widely developed in the Ordovician-Silurian boundary of the Upper Yangtze platform in China, which is rich in shale gas resources. Using the Re-Os isotope system to study this set of sedimentary formations, not only can the precise age of the formation be obtained, but also the sedimentary environment of this period based on the enrichment mechanism of Re and Os elements can be inferred. This provides a more reasonable explanation for the trigger mechanism of the second large-scale biological extinction event in Earth's history. OBJECTIVES To accurately constrain the age of carbonaceous mudstone and infer the conditions of the paleoenvironment. METHODS The 11 carbonaceous mudstone samples from dirll core of Banzhu No.1, Zheng'an County, Guizhou Province were studied. These dirll core samples were continuous across the boundary of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation. Through the high precision Re-Os isotopic dating of the 11 samples, the Ordovician-Silurian boundary stratigraphic age was obtained. RESULTS The Re-Os isotope age was calculated to be 443.68±6.24Ma[2σ, n=7, (187Os/188Os)i=0.699±0.019, MSWD=0.55]. The results were highly consistent with the age (443.7±1.5Ma) published by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, which provided a direct and accurate age basis for the Ordovician-Silurian boundary. Os isotope characteristics showed that amounts of terrigenous detrital were involved in the diagenesis, the occurrence of multi-stage volcanic activities and the transition from glacial period to interglacial period. The Re-Os isotopic features of the continuous sedimentary strata reflected that the sedimentary environment of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation had undergone the change of oxygen enrichment-oxygen enrichment-rich oxygen enrichment in this study area. CONCLUSIONS Hirnantian glaciation events and volcanic eruption caused biological extinction and together promoted organic matter enrichment, providing hydrocarbon generation potential for the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation organic-rich sedimentary rocks.

BACKGROUND: Organic-rich sedimentary rocks of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation are widely developed in the Ordovician-Silurian boundary of the Upper Yangtze platform in China, which is rich in shale gas resources. Using the Re-Os isotope system to study this set of sedimentary formations, not only can the precise age of the formation be obtained, but also the sedimentary environment of this period based on the enrichment mechanism of Re and Os elements can be inferred. This provides a more reasonable explanation for the trigger mechanism of the second large-scale biological extinction event in Earth's history. OBJECTIVES: To accurately constrain the age of carbonaceous mudstone and infer the conditions of the paleoenvironment. METHODS: The 11 carbonaceous mudstone samples from dirll core of Banzhu No.1, Zheng'an County, Guizhou Province were studied. These dirll core samples were continuous across the boundary of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation. Through the high precision Re-Os isotopic dating of the 11 samples, the Ordovician-Silurian boundary stratigraphic age was obtained. RESULTS: The Re-Os isotope age was calculated to be 443.68±6.24Ma[2σ, n=7, (187Os/188Os)i=0.699±0.019, MSWD=0.55]. The results were highly consistent with the age (443.7±1.5Ma) published by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, which provided a direct and accurate age basis for the Ordovician-Silurian boundary. Os isotope characteristics showed that amounts of terrigenous detrital were involved in the diagenesis, the occurrence of multi-stage volcanic activities and the transition from glacial period to interglacial period. The Re-Os isotopic features of the continuous sedimentary strata reflected that the sedimentary environment of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation had undergone the change of oxygen enrichment-oxygen enrichment-rich oxygen enrichment in this study area. CONCLUSIONS: Hirnantian glaciation events and volcanic eruption caused biological extinction and together promoted organic matter enrichment, providing hydrocarbon generation potential for the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation organic-rich sedimentary rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pyrite yield Re–Os isochron ages of 320–330 Ma in the Kanggur and Kangxi deposits. • The mineralization fluids and sulfur derived mainly from the pyroclastic rocks in the country rocks. • Deformation event D3 under ductile–brittle conditions dominated the main gold mineralization. • Two periods (ca. 320–330 Ma; ca. 280 Ma) of Au mineralization in the Kanggurtag gold belt were identified. The Kanggur, Kangxi and Matoutan deposits are three important orogenic gold deposits located in the Kanggurtag gold mineralization belt of Eastern Tianshan, NW China. These deposits are hosted in low-grade metamorphic (greenschist-facies) volcaniclastic rocks of the Early Carboniferous Yamansu Formation. The orebodies are distributed in approximately E–W-striking shear zones and show evidence of hydrothermal alteration and four deformation events. The first deformation (D1) is associated with progressive regional N–S shortening without growth of gold mineralization. The second deformation (D2) is manifested by right-lateral shear zones under ductile conditions, which triggered the initial enrichment of gold in the stage I pyrite. The third deformation (D3) is characterized by a transpressional event under ductile–brittle conditions and formed stage II–Ⅳ pyrites with dominant Au mineralization; the native gold is mainly distributed in the interstices or interface of the pyrites. The fourth deformation (D4) is archived by post-collision extensional structures accompanied by magma emplacement and numerous limonite and comb-like quartz veins. Six pyrite samples (stage III) separated from the Kanggur deposit yield a Re–Os isochron age of 321 ± 6.7 Ma (MSWD = 3.0, initial 187Os/188Os = 0.35 ± 0.22). Three pyrite samples (stage III) separated from the Kangxi deposit yield a Re–Os isochron age of 327 ± 4.5 Ma (MSWD = 1.2, initial 187Os/188Os = 0.94 ± 0.12). The δ34S value significantly increases from stage I pyrite (−37.3‰ to −25.5‰, average = −32.2‰) to stage II−Ⅳ pyrite (−0.90‰ to 6.30‰, average = 1.96‰), indicating that sulfur in stage I pyrite migrated from sedimentary sources whereas in stage II–Ⅳ pyrites it was derived from the pyroclastic rocks in the country rocks. The H–O isotopic compositions of quartz show that the fluid in stage I (δ18O w = 2.25‰ to 5.15‰, δ2D = −66.0‰ to −42.5‰) was metamorphic water and the fluid in stage Ⅴ was mixed with a large proportion of meteoric water. The fluids in stages II–Ⅳ maybe a "second hand" magmatic origin related to the andesite in the country rocks. Therefore, we propose that Au mineralization in the Kanggur, Kangxi and Matoutan deposits derived mainly from a metamorphic fluid source associated with the pyroclastic rocks in the country rocks. In addition, we conclude that these deposits are orogenic gold deposits that formed during the Late Carboniferous collisional tectonism (ca. 320 Ma) and the epithermal Au deposits (ca. 280 Ma) maybe associated with the post-collision extensional setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dating of lead-zinc deposits is of critical importance for better understanding of ore genesis, but has long been a big challenge due to the lack of suitable minerals that can be unequivocally linked to the ore genesis and that can be used for tradition radiometric methods. This kind of deposits have simple mineralogy dominated by galena and sphalerite commonly associated with calcite and other gangue minerals. Both galena and sphalerite have low and high variable Re concentrations and thus Re-Os dating of these minerals have been less promising. In addition, the recovery of Re is extremely low for galena when conventional method was applied, lending additional difficulty in precisely dating galena. In this study, we investigate the recovery of Re using different media for anion exchange separation and reporte a revised preparation method for Re-Os dating of galena and sphalerite. By using the new protocol, two reliable Re-Os isochron ages of galena and sphalerite from the Fule (20.4±3.2 Ma) and Laochang (308±25 Ma) Pb-Zn deposits in Yunnan Province, SW China, are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xinqiao deposit is located in the Tongling area, Anhui Province. This deposit is dominantly composed of stratiform sulfide orebodies, which are restricted to the transitional zone from clastic rocks to carbonates at the base of the Late Carboniferous Huanglong Formation. There are discordant veinlets or networks of mineralization in the footwall rocks below the stratiform sulfide orebodies. The underlying discordant mineralization zones coexist with conformable stratiform sulfide orebodies, which are considered to be the most representative features of massive sulfide deposits formed by submarine exhalative sedimentation. This study reports a pyrite Re-Os isotopic age of 319±13 Ma (MSWD=16) for the footwall mineralization zone. This isochron age is consistent with the interval of strata hosting the conformable stratiform sulfide orebody, and provides direct geochronological evidence for Carboniferous exhalative sedimentary mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale Huangshaping Pb-Zn-W-Mo polymetallic deposit is located in the central Nanling mineralization zone, South China. Six molybdenite samples from the Huangshaping deposit were selected for Re-Os isotope measurement in order to define the mineralization age of the deposit. It yields a Re-Os isochron age of 154.8±1.9 Ma (2 σ), which is in accordance with the Re-Os model ages of 150.9–156.9 Ma. This age is about 7 Ma younger than their host granite porphyry, which was dated as 161.6±1.1 Ma by zircon U-Pb method using LA-ICPMS. All these ages demonstrate that the Huangshaping granite and related Pb-Zn-W-Mo deposit occurred in the middle Yanshanian period, when many other granitoid and related ore deposits emplaced and formed, e.g. the Qitianling granite and Furong tin deposit, the Qianlishan granite and giant Shizhuyuan W-Sn-Mo-Bi deposit and Jinchuantang Sn-Bi deposit in the nearby area. They constitute the main part of the magmatic-metallogenic belt of southern Hunan, and represent the large-scale metallogeny in middle Yanshanian in the area. The lower rhenium content in molybdenite of Huangshaping deposit suggests that the ore-forming material was mainly of crust origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]