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Translation abstract Re‐use of structural elements – quantifiying the ecological potentialThe re‐use of building elements is one of the key strategies for establishing a climate‐friendly and regenerative construction industry. However, building with used load‐bearing components in particular has so far been hampered by both regulatory hurdles and the linear planning process. The re‐use of steel girders from the stairwell tower of a parking garage in Stuttgart is an examplary project that demonstrates the great potential of reusing load‐bearing components. The associated emission savings could be quantified with the help of life cycle assessment. A consideration of the future reusability shows the limits of this method for a comprehensive consideration of the ecological added value. To make these uniformly measurable and thus promote the implementation of a circular economy in the construction industry, the life cycle assessment method must be supplemented by a circularity assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open data is increasingly a priority for research funders and data availability statements are commonly required for submissions to peer-reviewed journals. Although much of the recent momentum for data-sharing has arisen from the ‘replication crisis’ affecting experimental psychology, qualitative data can also be shared, although different considerations apply to this practice. Despite considerable discussion about qualitative data-sharing, there is less discussion of how to share novel qualitative interview data in psychology. In this article, we describe our motivations for and experiences of archiving qualitative interview data from a study exploring loneliness in young adulthood. We discuss the ethical issues that pertained to our process, particularly relating to consent, and the practical issues that arose as relative novices in data-sharing. We conclude with reflections that we hope will be instructive for qualitative researchers attempting to reconcile arguments for open data with the epistemological, ethical, and pragmatic realities of qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Green Deal is aiming for a transition from the current linear economic model to a much more sustainable and resource-efficient circular model. Since the construction industry is responsible for 37% of Europe-wide waste, it will be a key sector for the successful implementation of this goal. However, we can currently find many sector-specific challenges slowing the pace. On the one hand, the complexity of the sector and the multiplicity of actors involved. On the other hand, the dichotomy between the immanent uncertainty that lies within all reuse strategies and an ever-rising pressure for an increased technical performance respectively liability exclusion of building components. A successful transformation of the construction industry towards a circular economy would hence require changes throughout the whole life cycle of the building stock, an extensive and comprehensive exchange of information and the implementation of strategies for dealing with uncertainties. This includes also the development of new construction standards, which in turn can be expected to have an influence on the resulting architectural design. The focus of this paper is to present two current research projects on these topics, with a focus on the potential implications and future fields of action for designing architects.

Abstract Construction industry plays a significant role in the economic development of the nation. Due to site and other constraints, concreting is preferred by ready mix concrete (RMC) plants. It is very well-known fact that the construction industry immensely contributed for CO2 emission mainly from cement-based materials. One of the way to achieve smart city objective to effectively manage ready mix concrete plants. While opting for RMC over site mixing offers various advantages. In this study, key factors governing the sustainability and energy consumption of RMC plants are identified. This study investigates the efficiency and sustainability of RMC production in Maharashtra, suggesting that its efficiency hinges on various factors. Through a constructivist perspective, the research examines twelve RMC plants in Pune mainly and other parts of Maharashtra, finding that power supply, plant output, and capacity require sustainability. While raw material supply is deemed sustainable, management methods and product control were found lacking. The study identifies challenges affecting demand, such as regulatory issues, management issues and technological limitations. The conclusion emphasizes the need for alternative and sustainable power sources, skilled labor, and improved business processes to enhance RMC production efficiency in Maharashtra, recommending measures like waste reuse and innovative advancements. This study will help the stakeholders in prioritizing the resources and process towards more sustainable way.

The present study, which is part of a wider inter-disciplinary research project on Medieval Rome funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, focuses on the archaeometric characterisation of glass tesserae from the apse mosaic of the church of S. Agnese fuori le mura, dated to the 7th century AD and never analysed until now. The main aims of the study are the identification of chemical compositions of glassy matrices and colouring/opacifying techniques by means of the combination of micro-textural, chemical, and mineralogical data. In S. Agnese tesserae, the results show the presence of glassy matrices and opacifiers/pigments, typical of both Roman and Late Antique/Early Medieval periods. The technological features identified (in particular, glassy matrices and opacifiers/pigments) allow us to discriminate not only new-production tesserae, i.e., those probably produced in the 7th century for the realisation of the S. Agnese mosaic, but also those obtained from recycling or re-using previous glass. This testifies to a quite complex "puzzle", unusual in other glass mosaics from the same city and coeval with S. Agnese, supporting further the potentiality of archaeometric studies on glass to uncover the technical and socio-cultural knowledge that underpins its manufacturing, use, re-use, and recycling in the Early Medieval Rome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the construction industry, re‐use of components has the potential to play a crucial role in reducing CO2 emissions. The direct re‐use of components is particularly suitable for steel structures because they have a high degree of prefabrication and can be dismantled with a minimum of deterioration. However, for structural applications of re‐used components, there is the need for establishing concepts and rules for evaluation, reclaiming, stockage, placing on the market, structural design and installation. Safety assessment and design of re‐used steel components will be essential for creating a system that fosters the re‐use in the construction market. Against this background, and in order to promote the re‐use of steel components as one of the key measures to reduce carbon emissions of the European construction sector and its contribution to achieving the climate goals, the article outlines key aspects for confidently designing re‐used steel components according to Eurocode 3. This includes defining the scope and implementing a technical action plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this study is the process of estimation and control of an IT project. During the study, the problem of increasing the accuracy of estimating the efforts of an IT project to build an information system (IS) was solved. Research in this area is aimed at simplifying the original assessment methods or at applying elements of artificial intelligence to these methods. The task of the impact of the features of IS development methodology on effort assessment remains unexplored. During the study, the method of functional point analysis was modified. The proposed modification makes it possible to increase the accuracy of estimating efforts to build an IS under the conditions of re-using its individual functions. These conditions allow the construction of new system functions by reusing a previously developed function of the same system. The developed method was tested during the evaluation of efforts of an IT project to form the functional task "Forming and executing an individual plan for a research and teaching staff member of the department." The option of re-using one of the functions of a task during the construction of two other functions of the same task is considered. For this option, the estimate was 72 function points (the estimate using the standard method was 144 function points). The use of the results allows us to increase the accuracy in assessing the efforts of IT projects to construct IS under the conditions of applying the methodology of reuse of previously developed system elements. This, in turn, makes it possible to improve the accuracy of estimating time costs, personnel requirements, and financial costs for the implementation of IT projects for constructing IS. The results obtained are used to solve the task of estimating efforts during the planning of IT projects for developing information systems and their software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of European design regulations for re‐used steel components Until steel production becomes thoroughly CO2‐neutral, it is important to explore and expand alternative ways of constructing climate‐neutral buildings with steel. This includes, in contrast to recycling and retrofitting of old steel structures, the re‐use of steel components. While some European countries already trade and regularly utilize used steel components, this is not yet the case in Germany. The reason for this is the lack of regulations, not only on the technical and scientific side but also in terms of regulation. There are no guidelines for a market with traded construction products in general. Re‐using steel components is particularly beneficial because they are easy to dismantle, store, and flexible for re‐use. In principle, there is no obstacle to the technical regulation of used steel components in a new building context. Currently, an additional annex is being developed in EN 1990‐2 for demolition and processing. For the design of re‐used steel components, which is the focus of the article discussing conditions, concepts, and procedures, an ad‐hoc group has recently been formed in CEN/TC250/SC3, developing proposals for additional design rules. This article also addresses the connection of these rules to EN 1990‐2, which incorporates the specifications of the current CEN/TS 17440. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-stage option to address food-safety can be produced by a clearer understanding of Campylobacter's persistence through the broiler production chain, its environmental niche and its interaction with bacteriophages. This study addressed Campylobacter levels, species, genotype, bacteriophage composition/ levels in caeca, litter, soil and carcasses across commercial broiler farming practices to inform on-farm management, including interventions. Broilers were sequentially collected as per company slaughter schedules over two-years from 17 farms, which represented four commercially adopted farming practices, prior to the final bird removal (days 39–53). The practices were conventional full clean-out, conventional litter re-use, free-range–full cleanout and free-range–litter re-use. Caeca, litter and soil collected on-farm, and representative carcases collected at the processing plant, were tested for Campylobacter levels, species dominance and Campylobacter bacteriophages. General community profiling via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the flaA gene was used to establish the population relationships between various farming practices on representative Campylobacter isolates. The farming practice choices did not influence the high caeca Campylobacter levels (log 7.5 to log 8.5 CFU/g), the carcass levels (log 2.5 to log 3.2 CFU/carcass), the C. jejuni/C. coli dominance and the on-farm bacteriophage presence/levels. A principal coordinate analysis of the flaA distribution for farm and litter practices showed strong separation but no obvious farming practice related grouping of Campylobacter. Bacteriophages originated from select farms, were not practice-dependent, and were detected in the environment (litter) only if present in the birds (caeca). This multifaceted study showed no influence of farming practices on on-farm Campylobacter dynamics. The significance of this study means that a unified on-farm risk-management could be adopted irrespective of commercial practice choices to collectively address caeca Campylobacter levels, as well as the potential to include Campylobacter bacteriophage biocontrol. The impact of this study means that there are no constraints in re-using bedding or adopting free-range farming, thus contributing to environmentally sustainable (re-use) and emerging (free-range) broiler farming choices.

Neglected and abandoned heritage sites are a complex research topic, which always requires a thorough understanding of the site’s past and current condition. This article examines how research on history, architecture, and participation can contribute to creating a suitable re-use project for such heritage sites, focusing on a single case study: the Royal Citadel of Messina, Italy. Within the field of history, the city and fortification’s past underscores the importance of the site’s architectural and historical value. An urban analysis and documentation campaign were carried out during the field architecture. The urban analysis focused on the site as a remarkable natural landscape with industrial surroundings. The digital documentation, concentrating on the so-called cistern, emphasized the site’s values. Within a revalorization process, community participation is vital and is, therefore, one of the suggestions to consider in further developments. The last applied method is a comparative case study, namely, the submarine base at Saint-Nazaire, France. Considering the complexity and fragilities of the site, a framework is designed that provides suggestions for the conservation, revalorization, and re-use of the site of the Royal Citadel.

Value-retention of fiber-reinforced polymer composites is a necessary approach that must be addressed for the end-of-use (EoU) composites or scrapped composites produced during manufacturing. With the novel ultrasonic enhanced separation and reconsolidation approach, these EoU or scrap composites can be recovered, and their properties can be retained. In this work, a glassfiber (GF) reinforced composite embedded in a thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) matrix was investigated for the circularity option through the application of power ultrasonics. A statistical design-of-experiment approach was used to reconsolidate the GF-PP specimens. The specimens were reconsolidated with an oscillation amplitudes ranging from 28 to 40 µm, reconsolidation force of 300–500 N, and holding time ranging from 5 to 15 s. The reconsolidated GF-PP specimens were then mechanically tested for their performance by three-point bending and short-beam tests. The evaluated mechanical test results showed that 96% of the flexural property and 95% of the inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) were retained compared to the original laminate condition. Cross-sectional microscopic investigation on the reconsolidated GF-PP specimens also supported the evaluated values from flexural and short-beam tests which could correlate with the experimental parameters directly.

A multi-stage option to address food-safety can be produced by a clearer understanding of Campylobacter's persistence through the broiler production chain, its environmental niche and its interaction with bacteriophages. This study addressed Campylobacter levels, species, genotype, bacteriophage composition/levels in caeca, litter, soil and carcasses across commercial broiler farming practices to inform on-farm management, including interventions. Broilers were sequentially collected as per company slaughter schedules over two-years from 17 farms, which represented four commercially adopted farming practices, prior to the final bird removal (days 39-53). The practices were conventional full clean-out, conventional litter re-use, free-range-full cleanout and free-range-litter re-use. Caeca, litter and soil collected on-farm, and representative carcases collected at the processing plant, were tested for Campylobacter levels, species dominance and Campylobacter bacteriophages. General community profiling via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the flaA gene was used to establish the population relationships between various farming practices on representative Campylobacter isolates. The farming practice choices did not influence the high caeca Campylobacter levels (log 7.5 to log 8.5 CFU/g), the carcass levels (log 2.5 to log 3.2 CFU/carcass), the C. jejuni/C. coli dominance and the on-farm bacteriophage presence/levels. A principal coordinate analysis of the flaA distribution for farm and litter practices showed strong separation but no obvious farming practice related grouping of Campylobacter. Bacteriophages originated from select farms, were not practice-dependent, and were detected in the environment (litter) only if present in the birds (caeca). This multifaceted study showed no influence of farming practices on on-farm Campylobacter dynamics. The significance of this study means that a unified on-farm risk-management could be adopted irrespective of commercial practice choices to collectively address caeca Campylobacter levels, as well as the potential to include Campylobacter bacteriophage biocontrol. The impact of this study means that there are no constraints in re-using bedding or adopting free-range farming, thus contributing to environmentally sustainable (re-use) and emerging (free-range) broiler farming choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geotechnical engineers have traditionally been focused on soil mechanics, rock mechanics and engineering geology. Thus it has been sufficient to master these topics to be recognized as a key participant in building and civil engineering projects. However, gradually concerns within both projects themselves and societies more generally are shifting towards new questions and challenges. Therefore, ensuring that geotechnical engineers remain central to all relevant projects, there is a need to master increasingly different and new ways of working together, obtaining new skills and increasing professionally pertinent knowledge and experience. This paper will give an overview of the issues geotechnical engineers have to address and master, if they are to take a lead in projects that seek to meet future challenges. This is really about working in a multi-disciplinary environment, using relevant technical methods without losing specifically engineering judgement, and then using open-minded communication skills to question previous practices that can proceed to find solutions to those future challenges identified. How is this to be done successfully within the profession? This paper offers some ideas. All professionals, and geotechnical engineers cannot be an exception, want to influence and contribute to solving current and future challenges, and thus we need to expand our knowledge awareness. The list of topics where we need to develop our knowledge is rather lengthy and include environmental considerations, contracts, law, conceptualisations of sustainability, robustness, monitoring, digitalisation, standardisation, and climate change. This paper will highlight two examples where geotechnical engineers with increased knowledge sensitivity and skills could make a significant contribution. First, there is an example from Göteborg about limiting a project impact within its zone of influence. Designing the geotechnical structure itself is only the first step, for in addition there is a need to control the building process, have sufficient monitoring, handling the expectations of society while ensuring recognition and use of a particular professional scope of operation. The other example concerns the re-use of material in our embankments to limit transportation. Which criteria should be used to determine the suitability of materials for re-use? How can we cope with societal reactions? Finally, the paper will discuss how geotechnical engineers, by combining geotechnical knowledge with new skills, can contribute with a sustainability foundation involving both relevant concepts and principles looking forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Advanced bipolar tissue sealer/dividers provide the most reliable and efficient means of tissue dissection and blood vessel sealing in laparoscopic surgery and the techniques are continuously improved. In veterinary practice, cost-effectiveness is of major impact, leading to re-use of instruments designed and sold for single use. Two high-end devices were evaluated and compared in a highly standardized laparoscopic ovariectomy procedure in dogs: The new generation Ligasure Maryland Sealer/Divider (LMSD) with improved atraumatic curved jaw shape for delicate tissue handling and dissection and non-stick nanocoating, and the new-generation Articulating Enseal G2 (AENG2) with several proclaimed features improving surgical performance, including articulation of the forceps tip; improved tissue compression during sealing; unique offset electrode configuration; and specific nanoparticle coating minimizing thermal spread and tissue sticking. Twenty-one client-owned dogs admitted for elective laparoscopic ovariectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups: ovariectomy using AENG2 on the left ovary and LMSD in the right ovary or vice-versa. Procedural video recordings were used to assess ovarian ligament fat score, smoke formation, occurrence of bleeding, and excision duration. Excised tissues were examined histopathologically and collateral thermal damage was scored in three anatomic zones: suspensory ligament, vascular pedicle, and uterine junction. Tissue sealers were used repeatedly following standardized cleaning protocol with instrument washing machine and ethylene oxide gas sterilization and the number of uses until device failure was recorded. Results: Excision times were significantly increased for AENG2 (median 01:35 min) compared to LMSD (median 01:00 min). Minor hemorrhage from incomplete sealing occurred in 3 sites in 2 patients (2x AENG2, 1x LMSD) and was not significantly different between groups. Smoke production as scored on videos and thermal tissue damage scores on histopathology also did not differ between AENG2 and LMSD. Both vessel sealers could be re-used repeatedly. Conclusion: AENG2 provides a good alternative to LMSD in laparoscopic ovariectomy, with only minor differences in measured variables. Subjectively, the articulating feature of AENG2 did not improve surgical performance in laparoscopic ovariectomy and the use of LMSD appeared more straight-forward for this specific procedure. However, differences in operating these devices may be subject to personal preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to address an analysis of the phenomenon of waste and reuse of parchment from manuscripts and documents. After a brief presentation of the project related to manuscripts’ fragments found in the General Archiepiscopal Archive of Bologna, it will show a case study concerning the discovery of some sales notes of handwritten books from the Cathedral of S. Peter in Bologna.

ABSTRACTInterest in circular economy practices is increasing. A key material that connects the circular economy and wider environmental concerns is plastic waste, which poses environmental, climate, and human health risks. Single-use plastic packaging is particularly problematic because it forms the largest share of the global plastics market, has a short life cycle, and has channelled investment towards the bottom of the waste hierarchy. Given single-use plastic packaging is embedded in global trade, transitioning away from use requires much more than ‘behaviour change’ from individual producers and consumers. In this article we use social practice theory to show how social change is occurring with regard to single-use plastics. We draw on two food retail case studies of (primarily) business-to-consumer packaging from Aotearoa New Zealand. We show how transitioning away from single-use plastic food packaging requires (1) understanding the function and meaning of packaging materials, and (2) coordinating other materials, skills and meanings to re-craft and substitute the functions that single-use packaging performs across businesses, supply chains and consumers. Our analysis illustrates the significant collaboration and emerging networks needed for change, and signals how investment towards the top of the waste hierarchy in reuse could contribute to a more circular economy.

Nested buildings today represent an efficient alternative to traditional recovery interventions in terms of cost-effectiveness, sustainability and compatibility with the existing building. The Italian territory has many disused industrial buildings on which it is necessary to operate with new recovery and re-market strategies. This article presents the results of the research, currently in progress, carried out by the ICEA department (University of Padua). The research concerns the recovery of industrial buildings in reinforced concrete from the 20th century. In these buildings the prefabrication allows a considerable optimization of the recovery interventions focused on modularity and prefabrication to fasten the construction times together with flexibility and reversibility. The analysis of the functional, structural and construction types made it possible to identify general intervention criteria which – as the identification of the average span dimensions – led to two design scenarios of wooden housing modules, following nested-building strategy. After a phase of study and critical analysis, criteria and guidelines for intervention were identified which – as the identification of the average span dimensions – led to two design scenarios of wooden housing modules, following nested-building strategy. The ex-Manifattura Tabacchi factory in Verona was chosen as a case study on which the results of the research were tested.

Geotechnical engineers have traditionally been focused on soil mechanics, rock mechanics and engineering geology. Thus it has been sufficient to master these topics to be recognized as a key participant in building and civil engineering projects. However, gradually concerns within both projects themselves and societies more generally are shifting towards new questions and challenges. Therefore, ensuring that geotechnical engineers remain central to all relevant projects, there is a need to master increasingly different and new ways of working together, obtaining new skills and increasing professionally pertinent knowledge and experience. This paper will give an overview of the issues geotechnical engineers have to address and master, if they are to take a lead in projects that seek to meet future challenges. This is really about working in a multi-disciplinary environment, using relevant technical methods without losing specifically engineering judgement, and then using open-minded communication skills to question previous practices that can proceed to find solutions to those future challenges identified. How is this to be done successfully within the profession? This paper offers some ideas. All professionals, and geotechnical engineers cannot be an exception, want to influence and contribute to solving current and future challenges, and thus we need to expand our knowledge awareness. The list of topics where we need to develop our knowledge is rather lengthy and include environmental considerations, contracts, law, conceptualisations of sustainability, robustness, monitoring, digitalisation, standardisation, and climate change. This paper will highlight two examples where geotechnical engineers with increased knowledge sensitivity and skills could make a significant contribution. First, there is an example from Göteborg about limiting a project impact within its zone of influence. Designing the geotechnical structure itself is only the first step, for in addition there is a need to control the building process, have sufficient monitoring, handling the expectations of society while ensuring recognition and use of a particular professional scope of operation. The other example concerns the re-use of material in our embankments to limit transportation. Which criteria should be used to determine the suitability of materials for re-use? How can we cope with societal reactions? Finally, the paper will discuss how geotechnical engineers, by combining geotechnical knowledge with new skills, can contribute with a sustainability foundation involving both relevant concepts and principles looking forward.

The things surviving into the present from the previous epochs have under- gone the processes of selection and fragmentation.Therefore, the elements from the past that penetrate into another time are fragmented and represent a (material) memory of the previous practices, events, lifestyles, or an unknown that easily raises mystical ideas about the other worlds. Gavin Lucas describes this phenomenon of past penetrating into the present as percolation (lat. percolatio). The term is derived from chemistry, where it denotes filtration or drainage, i. e. the passage of fluid through a filter and separation of substances The archaeological perspective is capable to deal with the coexistence of sets of material culture from various times in thepresent. On the other hand, the polychrony of archaeological assemblages has often been purified and separated through scientific practices – as if the present is not always filled with the past. The interpretation of the mutual relations among the past times andtheir usage/ meaning in the new contexts is not susceptible to simple solutions. It is hard to explain why a certain event or an objectdisappears from the memory and usage, while others endure into the present or occur again. The paper analyses the Early Medieval funerary contexts from the necropolis Ravna–Slog in which the artefacts originating from the Roman or prehistoric periods are registered along with the Medieval ones. The similar phenomenon is registered in the case ofthe Avar-Period graves. The mixed contexts from Ravna are interpreted as the consequence of the need to construct the link to the past, with the aim to legitimize the presence in the new territory.

Neglected and abandoned heritage sites are a complex research topic, which always requires a thorough understanding of the site's past and current condition. This article examines how research on history, architecture, and participation can contribute to creating a suitable re-use project for such heritage sites, focusing on a single case study: the Royal Citadel of Messina, Italy. Within the field of history, the city and fortification's past underscores the importance of the site's architectural and historical value. An urban analysis and documentation campaign were carried out during the field architecture. The urban analysis focused on the site as a remarkable natural landscape with industrial surroundings. The digital documentation, concentrating on the so-called cistern, emphasized the site's values. Within a revalorization process, community participation is vital and is, therefore, one of the suggestions to consider in further developments. The last applied method is a comparative case study, namely, the submarine base at Saint-Nazaire, France. Considering the complexity and fragilities of the site, a framework is designed that provides suggestions for the conservation, revalorization, and re-use of the site of the Royal Citadel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of urban mining, which aims to extend the value chain of building components to conserve resources, save energy, avoid waste, and reduce emissions, the reuse of structural steel has great potential, that has hardly been exploited to date. In Germany, a significant amount of steel is found within multistorey parking units. Due to the standardised and mass relevant steel used in these structures and considering their diminishing significance in the context of transportation transitions, these buildings offer specific opportunities for reuse. The research aims to investigate the reuse of structural steel from parking facilities in a new architectural design purpose with focus on multistorey residential buildings, as these will become increasingly important in the future construction due to the predicted growth of the world population and global cities. The research methodology begins by identifying the reuse potential of structural steel from parking units for future multi‐storey residential buildings. The study then delves into the exploration of hybrid construction methods, which involve incorporating standardized steel profiles with clay and reinterpreting historical cap ceilings. These approaches aim to foster the development of innovative architectural solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in circular economy practices is increasing. A key material that connects the circular economy and wider environmental concerns is plastic waste, which poses environmental, climate, and human health risks. Single-use plastic packaging is particularly problematic because it forms the largest share of the global plastics market, has a short life cycle, and has channelled investment towards the bottom of the waste hierarchy. Given single-use plastic packaging is embedded in global trade, transitioning away from use requires much more than 'behaviour change' from individual producers and consumers. In this article we use social practice theory to show how social change is occurring with regard to single-use plastics. We draw on two food retail case studies of (primarily) business-to-consumer packaging from Aotearoa New Zealand. We show how transitioning away from single-use plastic food packaging requires (1) understanding the function and meaning of packaging materials, and (2) coordinating other materials, skills and meanings to re-craft and substitute the functions that single-use packaging performs across businesses, supply chains and consumers. Our analysis illustrates the significant collaboration and emerging networks needed for change, and signals how investment towards the top of the waste hierarchy in reuse could contribute to a more circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nested buildings today represent an efficient alternative to traditional recovery interventions in terms of cost-effectiveness, sustainability and compatibility with the existing building. The Italian territory has many disused industrial buildings on which it is necessary to operate with new recovery and re-market strategies. This article presents the results of the research, currently in progress, carried out by the ICEA department (University of Padua). The research concerns the recovery of industrial buildings in reinforced concrete from the 20th century. In these buildings the prefabrication allows a considerable optimization of the recovery interventions focused on modularity and prefabrication to fasten the construction times together with flexibility and reversibility. The analysis of the functional, structural and construction types made it possible to identify general intervention criteria which - as the identification of the average span dimensions - led to two design scenarios of wooden housing modules, following nested-building strategy. After a phase of study and critical analysis, criteria and guidelines for intervention were identified which - as the identification of the average span dimensions - led to two design scenarios of wooden housing modules, following nestedbuilding strategy. The ex-Manifattura Tabacchi factory in Verona was chosen as a case study on which the results of the research were tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The honorific monuments erected in late antiquity in the city of Aphrodisias are striking in their preservation and in their appearance. Two scholars, Charlotte Roueché and R.R.R. Smith, have provided full and ground-breaking publications of these monuments and have extracted important information from careful study of the epigraphic and sculptural elements. Further study conducted under the aegis of Smith and B. Ward-Perkins in the Last Statues of Antiquity Project, has grounded these monuments in the larger, empire-wide context of late antiquity. These fine academic studies have made these late Aphrodisian honours points of reference. Without the work of these distinguished scholars, this paper would not be possible or relevant. This paper seeks merely to focus attention on small details of structure, technique, and iconography in an attempt to sharpen our vision of the very last of these monuments. It endeavours to distinguish tendencies specific to the sixth-century honorific statuary habit at Aphrodisias and to understand the concept of re-use and recycling in that last moment of the statue culture in this conservative city, by looking at three monuments dedicated to the same man in the last moments of the habit. These are three statues monuments to one Rhodopaios of the second quarter of the sixth century, preserved in different states. The paper is divided into three parts; an introduction that considers the main trends of honorific statuary, the presentation of the three monuments of Rhodopaios, and a conclusion. On cover: Late Roman wall, the portion immediately south of the West Gate (Porta Oea) with re-used blocks from first-century mausolea (Drawing by Francesca Bigi) and Tombstone of Regina from South Shields (Arbeia) (Tyne and WearArchives and Museums/ Bridgeman Images). E-ISSN (online version) 2611-3686 ISSN (print version) 0065-0900

The study concerns the city walls of Hierapolis in Phrygia (Denizli, Turkey), which were built in the second half of the 4th century AD or at the beginning of the 5th century AD, by systematically recycling architectural blocks from Imperial-era public monuments and funerary edifices. The preserved remains of the fortifications enclose the city along its northern, eastern and southern sides, leaving out large sectors of the urban area. Within the research activities of the Italian Archaeological Mission, topographical DGPS surveys of the remains were performed, and a geodatabase of the reemployed blocks was implemented with three main aims: i) the reconstruction of the building site of the city walls; ii) the identification of the demolished monuments of the Imperial-era used as “quarries” and the study of the procurement strategies of stone materials in the early-Byzantine Hierapolis; iii) the analysis of the relationship between the large building site of the fortifications and the other coeval construction sites and their impact on the socio-economic life of the city. The research allowed us to trace the development of the building site of the city walls, which, starting from the north, mainly reemployed blocks from the necropolises, North Theatre, North Agora and the shops along the plateia not-included into the early Byzantine Hierapolis. Moreover, numerous materials from the Gymnasium and other monuments located in the central part of the city but not yet identified on the ground were especially reused in the eastern and southern sectors of the walls. Lastly, the location of the recycled blocks made it possible even to reconstruct the various transportation routes linking the demolished monuments to the different sectors of the city walls. On cover: Late Roman wall, the portion immediately south of the West Gate (Porta Oea) with re-used blocks from first-century mausolea (Drawing by Francesca Bigi) and Tombstone of Regina from South Shields (Arbeia) (Tyne and WearArchives and Museums/ Bridgeman Images). E-ISSN (online version) 2611-3686 ISSN (print version) 0065-0900

Lepcis Magna is a privileged site for investigating re-use in all its forms, and this paper focuses on the materials which are to be found recycled in two late-antique contexts: the late Roman defensive circuit and the so-called Unfinished Baths. In both contexts, the architects made use of a multitude of older elements, mostly architectural and epigraphic, many of which are still unpublished. These are discussed here for the first time in an attempt to investigate their character, their original provenance and in which ways they were employed within these new settings. On cover: Late Roman wall, the portion immediately south of the West Gate (Porta Oea) with re-used blocks from first-century mausolea (Drawing by Francesca Bigi) and Tombstone of Regina from South Shields (Arbeia) (Tyne and WearArchives and Museums/ Bridgeman Images). E-ISSN (online version) 2611-3686 ISSN (print version) 0065-0900

Accounts of the circular economy deal with lives of objects mainly through notions of repair, sharing and re-use. This has led to problems associated with contemporary discourses of circularity including the tendency to focus on goods in isolation, and to overlook longer term trends in demand. Drawing from studies of material culture and practice, in this Perspective article we make the case for a more subtle analysis of practices and “object relations”. This allows us to engage with basic questions about production, consumption, and the constitution of need–questions that should be integral to contemporary debates about the circular economy, but that are sidelined in what remains classically economistic discussions of substitution, manufacturing, and waste.

Simple Summary: Improving nutrient use on dairy farms is closely linked to manure deposition, collection and use. Nutrients excreted daily on each one of five visits over a year were calculated based on the energy requirements of grazing lactating cows and information about diets fed to herds on 43 diverse Australian farms. Cows on larger farms, from bigger herds and producing greater milk volumes excreted the most nutrients. Over a year, dairy herds excreted 24, 4, 20, 3, 5 and 3 t of N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg, respectively, which was up to 66% of most nutrients imported onto farms. Excreted nutrients were allocated to paddocks, dairy shed, yards, feed pads, holding areas and laneways depending on the time the herds spent in these places, with the most deposited in paddocks and the least in dairy sheds. Better collection of nutrients excreted in feed pads and holding areas would reduce nutrient losses by almost a third. The nutrients excreted in paddocks were similar to fertiliser P, and often greater than the fertiliser N, K and Mg applied. However, excretion in paddocks was not uniform, with most nutrients deposited in paddocks closest to the dairy shed. Australian nutrient management tools need to account for excreted nutrients to support identification of on-farm nutrient management opportunities. Improving nutrient management in grazing system dairy farms requires determining nutrient flows through animals, the placement of cows within farms and potential for collection, and the re-use and loss of nutrients. We applied a model incorporating data collected at a range of temporal and spatial scales to quantify nutrient excretion in all locations that lactating herds visited on five days over a year on 43 conventional and organic grazing system dairy farms. The calculated nutrient loads excreted by cows in different places were highly skewed; while N, P and K deposited loads were consistent across the year, S, Ca and Mg loads varied between sampling times and seasons. The greatest mean and range in nutrient loads were deposited in paddocks, with the smallest amounts deposited in dairy sheds. All excreted nutrient loads increased with farm and herd sizes and milk production. Mean daily loads of 112, 15, 85, 11, 22 and 13 kg of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were deposited by the herds which, when standardised to a 305-day lactation, amounted to 24, 4, 20, 3, 5 and 3 t excreted annually, respectively. In addition to routine manure collection in dairy sheds, ensuring collection and recycling of nutrients excreted on feed pads and holding areas would decrease potential nutrient losses by 29% on average. Non-collected, recycled nutrients were disproportionately returned to paddocks in which cows spent time overnight, and except for S and Ca, nutrient loading rates were greater than rates applied as fertilisers. These data demonstrate the extent of excreted nutrients in grazing dairy systems and indicate the need to account for these nutrients in nutrient management plans for Australian dairy farms. We propose incorporating excretion data in current budgeting tools using data currently collected on most Australian grazing system dairy farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood material's vulnerability to natural degradation has necessitated the use of impregnation agents, such as arsenic, chromium, and creosote, the application of which is now relatively contentious due to modern knowledge. Particularly from a sustainability perspective, the impregnation of treated wood material requires accurate treatment at the end of the product lifecycle. This study reviews various appropriate treatment options for impregnated wood at the end of the product lifecycle. Various biological treatment options are considered as alternative routes for these materials as well as technological solutions for material identification including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technologies. The proposed alternative routes are functional in some respects but are not perfect; thus, technological solutions appear to represent a more realistic way to attend to impregnated wood. Available methods and technologies have been improved with advanced applications but cannot achieve perfect results, indicating a need for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of Asedie's main focuses is the promotion of public-private collaboration in the harmonization and standardization of open data. The TOP 3 Asedie commitment, approved within the IV Open Government Plan observatory of good practices, focuses on the homogenization and harmonization of three datasets opened by the 17 Autonomous Communities. One being Industrial land. The reindustrialization of Europe and its industrial ecosystems is one of the pillars of the NextGenerationEU funds. The project urgently needs information and geospatial data for its quantification, characterisation, and impulse. The implementation of such an ambitious roadmap requires a National Map of Industrial Land. The National Geographic Information Centre (CNIG) has already started this task. Pending its completion, this text describes the implementation of a geospatial-based technological solution on Spanish's Industrial areas. It uses various datasets from many Spanish Spatial Data Infrastructures (IDE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: N95 respirators have prevented transmission among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. During times of intense shortage of respirators and border closures during the pandemic, re-use strategies with available decontamination methods were necessitated. This in-house experimental study evaluated the effect of hydrogen peroxide gas-plasma sterilization on respirators and helped establish an evidence-based protocol for their re-use in a resource-poor setting. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional experimental model using saline nebulization as the aerosol exposure and a particle counter to measure the filtration of particles through the mask pre- and post-sterilization was used. Multiple cycles of plasma sterilization were done till the physical integrity/fit was lost. Total filtration volume was used as a surrogate marker to assess the filtration efficiency (FE). Results: The total volume of particles filtered on a 3M respirator was 99.9%. Unused Halyard and Venus respirators were compared against 3M and found to have FE of 99.9% and 60.5%, respectively. After repeated sterilization cycles, the total volume of particles filtered was 59.3% for Halyard in the seventh cycle and 36.2% for Venus in the fifth cycle. When the physical integrity and fit was tested, the appropriate fit was lost after eight cycles of sterilization for Venus and was not lost for Halyard even after the tenth cycle. Conclusion: This low-cost experimental study helped implement an effective and safe decontamination strategy for safe re-use of N95 respirators in an emergent situation with no access to commercial testing in a resource poor health-care setting during the pandemic.

Optimization modeling and the interpretation of the adsorptive uptake of phenol from aqueous solution using pristine (Pr), modified (Mod-) and aged (Ag-) polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET MPs) as adsorbents at optimum conditions have been investigated. The surface morphology and functional groups of the MPs were evaluated using SEM and FTIR-ATR systems, while the surface area of the MPs was estimated using the Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) model. Experimentally determined optimization and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to simulate and interpret the adsorption of phenol onto PET MPs, to determine the effects of four adsorption factors (contact-time, initial concentration, pH, and temperature) on the response (removal efficiency) using central composite design (CCD). The results showed that optimum operating conditions for the PET MPs adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution corresponds to contact-time of 77 minutes, 50 mg/L initial concentration, pH of 6, and temperature of 298 K respectively. The maximum removal efficiency of phenol ions under this operating condition was found to be 93.72%, 92.78% and 95.80% for Pr-PET MPs, Mod-PET MPs and Ag-PETMPs respectively. To understand the nature of the PET MPs sorption process, Redlich−Peterson (R-P), Elovich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms were employed. The results proved that, D-R model best fitted the PET MPs sorption process at 0.7214 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.9043. Elovich model confirmed the performances of the PET MPs uptake of phenol ions occurred by physical and exothermic processes. Their adsorption capacities followed Pr-PET MPs (0.226 mg/g) > Ag-PET MPs (0.216 mg/g) > Mod-PET MPs (0.126 mg/g) respectively.