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This paper explores the logics of magazine re-uses through three case studies, by focusing on pictures produced and reproduced by way of photography. The first case study focuses on half-tone reproductions in the early phase of the development of news photography, using the example of Collier’s Weekly during the Russo-Japanese War. It offers a historical case of transfers between book and magazine. In our second case, examining the American and French editions of Vogue, internal re-uses of content demonstrate both collaborative networks as well as a certain amount of latitude for divergence, and therefore further distinction within the Condé Nast brand. Our last example analyses the re-use of film stills in popular illustrated film magazines. These magazines manage their dependency on existing visual material provided by distribution companies for free, while striving, simultaneously, to highlight their ‘profile’ through visual design. The specific ways in which each magazine re-used images shed light on how respective editorial identities are carved, as well as more generally on magazines’ mediality: the latter, we argue, is showcased, in highly competitive print markets, partly through distinct(ive) re-using practices.

Pure oxygen to supply the aerobic condition was used in the performance of a bench-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR). The pilot plant was located in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Granada (Spain) and the experimental work was divided into two stages (Unsteady state and steady state conditions). Operation parameters (MLSS, MLVSS and dissolved oxygen concentration) and physical characteristics (temperature, conductivity, pH, COD and BOD5) were daily monitored. The results showed the capacity of the MBR systems to remove organic material under a hydraulic retention time of 18.46 h and sludge retention time of 18.6 days. Therefore, Viscosity of the sludge and α kL a-factor of the aeration, were determinate in the steady stage condition to understand the behavior of the system when pure oxygen has been used to supply the aerobic conditions of the MBR system showed an alpha-factor of 0.238 when the viscosity of the system was 4.04 Cp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of a bench-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) equipped with ultrafiltration membranes (ZENON) was investigated at different mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations (3069, 4314 and 6204 mg/L). The pilot plant was located in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Granada (Puente de los Vados, Granada, Spain), which receives the wastewater of the milk from the dairy industry of Granada. The results showed the capacity of the MBR systems to remove organic material (COD and BOD5), suspended solids, turbidity, color and microbial indicators such as E. coli and coliphages. Therefore, the results suggest that the transmembrane pressure (TMP) was influence by the MLSS concentration assayed. However, an increase in the MLSS concentration increases the nitrification processes and consequently the amount of NO3-in permeate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]