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Prior research on career interdependence has focused on how colleague exits shape employees' intraorganizational careers through the creation of job vacancies and vacancy-driven promotion. In this paper, I propose that colleague exits can shape employees' careers through the creation of valuable relational "vacancies." Focusing on employees engaged in collaborative research, and drawing on the vacancy chains literature, I argue that colleague exits create new collaboration opportunities for remaining employees that can enhance learning and facilitate competency-driven promotion. Yet, employees will benefit only when these opportunities arise as a result of their own collaborators leaving—that is, employees must lose to gain. Using longitudinal data on employees within a single research organization, I show that collaborator exits increase the likelihood of employees' competency-driven promotion in a way that noncollaborator exits do not. Furthermore, it is the exit of higher-level collaborators that is most beneficial. These findings highlight a different type of career interdependence and the role of collaborator mobility in shaping the intraorganizational careers of knowledge workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing body of scholarship exploring university–organization collaborations in the sport for development (SfD) field, there has been limited consideration of the experiences of practitioners and partnering organizations in these partnerships. The purpose of this study was to examine their experiences when partnering with academic institutions, programs, scholars, and/or students, with a specific focus on research and evaluation partnerships. Interviews were conducted with 22 participants working at 20 SfD organizations in the United States. Findings were organized into six main categories (e.g., motivations, factors that facilitate or impede collaboration, collaboration outcomes). A conceptual process framework for university–organization collaboration emerged from the data. This study is one of the first in the SfD field to examine practitioners' perspectives of university–organization collaborations centered on research and evaluation activities. The findings help advance the SfD field, identifying the various factors at play as these partnerships are formed, activated, and sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the community to the remarkable fact that two significant discoveries in the field of organic photoswitches are associated to the Rubizhne (Rubezhnoe) branch of the Research Institute of Organic Intermediates and Dyes during the last century. The institute in Rubizhne was a place where researchers of various nationalities carried out studies of organic dyes for printing and textiles. These efforts resulted in the discoveries of photoswitchable hemithioindigos by M. A. Mostoslavskii and peri‐aryloxyquinones by Yu. E. Gerasimenko. Herein, based on the available literature, we reconstruct the circumstances surrounding these outstanding findings and highlight the unique role of the Rubizhne institute as a research center. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of the results of the Rubizhne researchers on the field of photoswitchable molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a collection housed at LWG (Herbarium of CSIR–National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India), collected by Singh et al. on 25 June 2017 from Nagaland state of India, Pouzolzia friisii A.Gupta & V.Wagh sp. nov. (Urticaceae) is described and illustrated. The species resembles Pouzolzia sanguinea var. fulgens, P. niveotomentossa and P. australis in its serrated leaf margins and the indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface however, P. friisii is quite distinct in its grayish or pale yellowish indumentum, 4‐merous sessile male flowers and densely pubescent fruiting perianths without wings and ribs. A detailed description, illustration, distribution map, and information on ecology, as well as phenology are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the work of Catherine Bauer from 1953 to 1963, an overlooked period in her life, when she engaged with questions of 'Indian urbanization' alongside the formation of an urban research institute in India. Her unique interdisciplinary vision for planning research and practice in this period was co-produced through her concurrent work on California and resulted in multiple reports on Californian urbanization as well as a seminar and book on Indian urbanization. The institute in India did not materialize; however, in 1962 an urban institute was set up in the newly formed College of Environmental Design at Berkeley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a long period in which pressures to adopt CSR practices came largely from the left, the current communication environment has become far more divisive with the rise of illiberal political pressures from the right. These conflicting pressures arise from irreconcilable communication logics that threaten the future of CSR. This paper examines how these disruptive communication logics reflect the changing roles of disinformation in CSR communication, highlighting two overlapping eras: (1) the history of some companies using disinformation strategically to avoid or misrepresent CSR commitments; and (2) the more recent addition of what we term systemic disinformation generated by politicians, think tanks, and irresponsible competitors. These disinformation spheres challenge liberal democratic values and amplify attacks on CSR values. We discuss the dilemmas for companies seeking to adopt more responsible business practices and explore the implications of CSR communication becoming increasingly linked to larger societal conflicts over the nature of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scholarly publications are important indicators of research productivity and investigator development in Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBREs). However, no information is available to describe implementation and evaluation of writing development programs within COBREs. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the first year of a campus-wide COBRE-supported writing program. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design (QUAN + QUAL) was used. All writing program participants were invited to complete post-participation surveys, and a subgroup was selected using purposive sampling to complete individual semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize survey data, and qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze interview data. Self-determination theory served as the theoretical framework by which themes were developed and interpreted. Results: Professional staff, post-doctoral fellows, and faculty from all academic ranks (n = 29) participated in the writing program during its first year. Survey respondents (n = 18, response rate 62%) rated social support (89%), group accountability (89%), hearing group members' writing goals (78%), receiving group advice (67%), and setting a weekly writing schedule (56%) as beneficial program components. Participants rated program benefits such as breaking away from other responsibilities, staying on task with writing goals, and receiving social support as most beneficial. During interviews, participants (n = 14) described five major themes related to the benefits received: 1) belonging to a community of writers; 2) managing writing-related emotions; 3) improved productivity; 4) establishing helpful writing habits; and 5) improved motivation for scholarly writing. Conclusions: This first-year programmatic evaluation demonstrates the writing program's effectiveness as a campus-level development resource supported by a research center. Both survey and interview data affirmed that participants perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness were supported through participation in the writing program. Participants placed particular emphasis on the writing program's successful development of a community of scholarly writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of China's territory has a long historical process. Prior research has highlighted the diverse historical development patterns across different regions. To delve deeper into the distinctiveness among regions and their nuanced disparities, the research centers on the settlements within Xinyi County, situated in the mountainous terrain of western Guangdong Province, China. The current study employs the research method of "Backward Observation" by conducting a literature review and utilizing ArcGIS for spatial analysis to investigate the spatial distribution and evolution process of regional settlements in western Guangdong. The results suggest a predominant involvement of the state in propelling the advancement of the indigenous community within Xinyi County, a progression primarily fulfilled by the conclusion of the late Qing and initial Republican eras, guided by the persistent localization and gentrification of migrating populations. Xinyi's advancement pattern and speed exhibited notable distinctions from neighboring areas within Guangdong Province. This investigation additionally delves into G. William Skinner's inquiries regarding the exceptional attributes and evolutionary patterns of localities, aligning with the South China School's viewpoint on the varied nature of regional advancement procedures and cadences. This research on Xinyi's historical evolution is importance in coordinating the preservation and advancement of historical towns, addressing urban-rural development disparities, and formulating future development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on imprinting theory, this study examines how organisational imprinting, i.e. imprinting with the research institute background, impacts innovation of enterprises from restructured research institutes in subsequent periods. Using a sample of Chinese listed companies during 2000–2020, this study uses firm random effects and industry / year fixed effects models to test the hypotheses. Our study finds that organisational imprinting positively influences corporate innovation. Furthermore, CEO’s ideological imprinting weakens the impact of organisational imprinting on corporate innovation. Finally, as the institutional development improves and equity checks and balances strengthen, the negative impact of CEO’s ideological imprinting on the relationship between organisational imprinting and corporate innovation will be weakened. This study contributes to the literature on the imprinting theory by predicting the impact of organisational imprinting on innovation using a consistent and integrative framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text reports on the results from Arm A of the Phase 1/2 DREAMM-6 trial, focusing on the combination of belantamab mafodotin with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The study showed no dose-limiting toxicities and no new safety signals across cohorts, with adverse events consistent with individual agent safety profiles. Ocular events, particularly keratopathy, were the most common Grade 3/4 adverse events, and the overall safety profile was manageable. Efficacy outcomes, such as overall response rate and progression-free survival, were generally similar across cohorts, indicating clinically meaningful anti-myeloma activity. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores how European think tanks with obstructive positions on climate policy use the social network X to advance their agendas. The aim is to understand their digital communication strategies, the issues they address, the use of hyperlinks, and the impact on interaction and online polarization. A mixed-methods analysis was conducted on tweets from twelve organizations known for opposing climate policies. Out of an initial 96,607 tweets, 803 relevant messages were selected to evaluate thematic content and interaction reach. The analysis identified five dominant thematic areas in the tweets: economic impacts of climate policy, ideological perspectives, questioning of official science, proposed technological solutions, and other messages. The higher levels of interaction were generated by messages with a political or ideological focus and those proposing technological solutions. In addition, most hyperlinks directed users to the think tanks' own websites rather than to external sources. European anti-climate change think tanks use social network X to promote their agendas through ideological and technical messages that generate high engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The uptake of research findings into clinical practice is critical to providing health care that improves health outcomes for patients. This study explored how Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) awardees perceive the relationship between engagement of patients and other partners in research and three uses, or applications, of patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) study findings, which may lead to uptake in clinical practice: (1) Integration into clinical practice guidelines, recognized point-of-care decision tools, or documents that may inform policy; (2) Implementation beyond the study, including at sites outside of the study setting or patient populations; and (3) Active dissemination of findings to specific audiences by parties external to the study team. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study examined awardee and partner perceptions of what led to each use of study findings and how engaged partners contributed. We purposively selected PCORI-funded research projects with documentation of each use and conducted virtual interviews with 42 individuals (15 PIs or project leads, 2 research team members, and 25 partners) from 17 projects. We conducted thematic analysis of individual projects or project sets, across projects within each use case, and across the three uses. Results: Participants described three primary activities in which engaged partners made contributions before, during and after CER studies that facilitated the use of study findings: (1) generating relevant study findings, (2) distributing study findings strategically, and (3) making connections to people or organizations outside the study team. In addition, engagement continued to facilitate the use of study findings during subsequent PCORI-funded implementation and dissemination-specific projects, with partners adapting interventions and creating and tailoring dissemination messages and products. Finally, participants described attributes of teams' engagement approaches that may have supported partner contributions, including early and ongoing engagement, leveraging partners' connections and understanding of community needs, and using multiple engagement approaches. Conclusion: This study identified examples of how engagement can help facilitate the use of CER study findings, especially when engagement contributions occur in meaningful ways. Findings from this study suggest a framework for future research on the relationship between engagement in research and uptake of study findings into clinical practice. Plain English summary: This study looked at how PCORI awardees describe the relationship between engagement in research and three uses of study findings: (1) Citing findings in clinical practice guidelines or other documents that support health policy; (2) Putting findings into practice after the study; and (3) Sharing findings with specific audiences by people not on the study team. We selected PCORI-funded research projects that had signs of each use. Then, we interviewed 42 people, including 15 lead investigators or project leads, 2 research team members, and 25 partners. We summarized findings for each project and then across the three uses. Partners helped move forward each of the three uses of study findings. They helped to plan and conduct the studies, making findings relevant. Partners also helped to plan and then share study findings. They made connections to people and organizations for the use of study findings. In addition, partners helped to put findings into practice after the study and tailored and shared findings in their communities. Finally, the way project teams engaged partners may have supported partner contributions. Project teams had early and ongoing engagement in their study. Partners shared their understanding of community needs and used their connections to share findings. Also, projects often had more than one way to work with partners. Findings from this study highlight ways engagement in research can contribute to use and potentially uptake of study findings in clinical practice. The study also suggests topics for future research on how engagement affects the use of findings. Manuscript Text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I use a forward and backward predictor selection to study the efficiency of growth forecasts for Germany published by three German economic research institutes during the sample period 1970–2018. The two predictor selection techniques make it straightforward to study forecast efficiency even when the number of predictor variables that a researcher uses to proxy the information set of a forecaster is large. Based on my empirical results, I reject forecast efficiency in the majority of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article studies the local lineage of neoliberalism in Lithuania, examining its intellectual pedigree, early proponents and the structural shifts that facilitated its rise. The latter are attributed to the openings created by perestroika and the development of the communication network linking economists within the Reform Movement of Lithuania, émigré intellectuals and Hillsdale College in Michigan. Information exchanges produced within this network generated embryonic neoliberal ideas before 1991. The network also contributed to the establishment of an influential think tank, the Lithuanian Free Market Institute (LFMI), whose policy influence is illustrated by surveying monetary and pension privatisation reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the hydrodynamic performance and motion characteristics of the ultra-high-speed aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle (AAMV) with multi-steps, a towing tank test scheme was designed and carried out at the China Special Vehicle Research Institute. The study analyzed the effects of canard angle, flap angle, longitudinal center of gravity, and displacement tonnage on the motion stability of multi-stepped AAMV at different speeds. The results indicate that the canard generates an overturning moment that reduces the resistance but brings forward the speed at which porpoising behavior occurs. Additionally, the backward shift of the longitudinal center of gravity causes motion oscillation during the high-speed planing phase, which negatively affects longitudinal stability. On the other hand, the flaps provide aerodynamic lift and restoring moments, improving the lift-drag ratio and enhancing longitudinal stability. Furthermore, while increased mass may result in higher total resistance, it can actually improve resistance performance per unit mass and improve the lift-drag ratio at cruising speed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to analyze the destabilization mechanism of AAMV under extreme conditions in the test. Numerical results indicate that the longitudinal stability of AAMV is directly affected by the relative positions of the center of gravity and the center of pressure. These results demonstrate the changing rules of resistance performance and longitudinal stability of AAMV under different design parameters, thus providing a powerful tool for optimizing AAMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the awareness and compliance of science-based researchers to legal deposit obligations in Southwest Nigeria. Survey research was adopted. A purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Thirty-five scientists from eight research institutes and centres volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected with the questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The findings showed that science-based researchers in research institutes in Nigeria had a low awareness of their legal deposit obligations. The findings also revealed that their compliance with the legal deposit obligations was equally low. The study recommended that public enlightenment and sensitisation campaigns, monetary incentives, designating specific personnel for legal deposit campaigns and collection in research institutes and an upward review of the penalty for non-compliance be put in place by the National Library of Nigeria as motivating factors for awareness and compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Careless responding measures are important for several purposes, whether it's screening for careless responding or for research centered on careless responding as a substantive variable. One such approach for assessing carelessness in surveys is the use of an instructional manipulation check. Despite its apparent popularity, little is known about the construct validity of instructional manipulation checks as measures of careless responding. Initial results are inconclusive, and no study has thoroughly evaluated the validity of the instructional manipulation check as a measure of careless responding. Across 2 samples (N = 762), we evaluated the construct validity of the instructional manipulation check under a nomological network. We found that the instructional manipulation check converged poorly with other measures of careless responding, weakly predicted participant inability to recognize study content, and did not display incremental validity over existing measures of careless responding. Additional analyses revealed that instructional manipulation checks performed poorly compared to single scores of other alternative careless responding measures and that screening data with alternative measures of careless responding produced greater or similar gains in data quality to instructional manipulation checks. Based on the results of our studies, we do not recommend using instructional manipulation checks to assess or screen for careless responding to surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: University research institutes were established in Malaysian Universities to facilitate research activities that do not fit into discipline-oriented departments, including the multi- and inter-disciplinary research that goes beyond the single-disciplinary boundary. This paper aims to report on a case study of one university research institute established in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), known as the institute for environment and development (LESTARI). LESTARI conducts multi-disciplinary research that emphasises research and capacity building on issues related to sustainable development. The aims of this paper are to examine the research evolution undergone at LESTARI, and to ascertain its contribution towards sustainable development goals (SDGs). Design/methodology/approach: LESTARI was established two years after the Rio Conference held in 1992, with the aims of promoting sustainable development through research and capacity building. This paper uses a qualitative approach to evaluate the research evolution of LESTARI, and a quantitative analysis to ascertain LESTARI's contribution to SDGs. Findings: After almost 30 years of establishment, LESTARI has moved from multi-disciplinary research to inter-disciplinary research. Although the transition was based on respective research areas (e.g. chemicals management and geopark), the research maturity of LESTARI is shown in its transformation from conventional to translational research. LESTARI has proven its capability to conduct multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary research, and the research outputs are also contributing to the SDGs. Practical implications: The LESTARI case study has shown that as long as a research institute has a firm and clear research direction, regardless of how it is evaluated and monitored (e.g. evaluated by SDGs), the research institute remains relevant in the context of its establishment. Social implications: The findings from this paper serve to set LESTARI as an example for other university research institutes, whether in Malaysia or in other countries. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this contribution is the first that discusses the transition from multi-disciplinary research to inter-disciplinary research, as well as the contribution to SDGs, among university research institutes in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era when uncertainty and complexity are more tangible than ever, decision-makers are under pressure to turn from short-term politics and departmentalization to safeguard not only current wellbeing but also the wellbeing of future generations via longer term planning and visioning. In regions, as multilevel governance systems, no actor has the power to determine the decisions of others. Place leadership demands the mobilization of different actors to define an effective strategy for future development, by combining institutional, interpretive and network power in a dynamic manner. This paper reflects on how leadership and power shape shared vision in regional foresight processes, and the role of academic knowledge. We conduct an in-depth single case study analysis of 'Euskadi 2040', the visioning initiative launched by the Basque regional government in collaboration with the research institute Orkestra. We articulate five main contributions of research institutes: facilitating the systemic character of the vision; incorporating academic action-oriented knowledge; supporting the divergence from traditional linear planning paradigms towards flexible learning-centred approaches to policy; promoting an interinstitutional and multi-agent shared discourse; and lastly, leveraging knowledge transfer within international networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe a case study from the master program management in nonprofit organizations at the University of Applied Sciences in Osnabrück, Germany and show how this case of innovative teaching helps to educate responsible managers for the world of tomorrow. Design/methodology/approach: The authors developed a model of a think tank to create a surrounding for students to learn about models and theories such as systems thinking and social innovations and work with practical instruments like the business canvas and design thinking. The objective was for the students to work on solutions for societal challenges. Findings: The main findings were twofold: First, it is clear that the objective of the case was met. The evaluation at the end of both iterations made it clear, that the result is important for the students and something that they can embrace as their own. Second, the students show intense problems with the freedom that they get. It is very interesting how students are primed to perform in the regulation given by professors. Once these frameworks are loosened, they seem lost. Originality/value: The value lies in the creation of a model that can be used by multiple professors in very different management studies. Through the model students can be taught to solve societal problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel network, DDFE-Transformer (Data-Driven Feature Extraction-Transformer), for fault diagnosis using acoustic emission signals. The DDFE-Transformer network integrates two primary modules: the DDFE module, focusing on noise reduction and feature enhancement, and the Transformer module. The DDFE module employs two techniques: the Wavelet Kernel Network (WKN) for noise reduction and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) for feature enhancement. The wavelet function in the WKN reduces noise, while the attention mechanism in the CBAM enhances features. The Transformer module then processes the feature vectors and sends the results to the softmax layer for classification. To validate the proposed method's efficacy, experiments were conducted using acoustic emission datasets from NASA Ames Research Center and the University of California, Berkeley. The results were compared using the four key metrics obtained through confusion matrix analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs excellently in fault diagnosis using acoustic emission signals, achieving a high average accuracy of 99.84% and outperforming several baseline models, such as CNN, CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU, VGG19, and ZFNet. The best-performing model, VGG19, only achieved an accuracy of 88.61%. Additionally, the findings suggest that integrating noise reduction and feature enhancement in a single framework significantly improves the network's classification accuracy and robustness when analyzing acoustic emission signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings under limited data and fluctuating load conditions, we propose a new method for constructing health indicators (HI) and a transfer learning prediction framework, which integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and Multi-head attention (MHA). Firstly, we combined Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to fully extract temporal and spatial features from vibration signals. Then, the Multi-head attention mechanism (MHA) was added for weighted processing to improve the expression ability of the model. Finally, a new method for constructing Health indicators (HIs) was proposed in which the noise reduction and normalized vibration signals were taken as a HI, the L1 regularization method was added to avoid overfitting, and the model-based transfer learning method was used to realize the RUL prediction of bearings under small samples and variable load conditions. Experiments were conducted using the PHM2012 dataset from the FEMTO-ST research institute and XJTU-SY dataset. Three sets of 12 migration experiments were conducted under three different operating conditions on the PHM2012 dataset. The results show that the average RMSE of the proposed method was 0.0443, indicating high prediction accuracy under variable loads and small sample conditions. Three different operating conditions and two sets of four migration experiments were conducted on the XJTU-SY dataset, and the results show that the average RMSE of the proposed method was 0.0693, verifying the good generalization of the model under variable load conditions. In summary, the proposed HI construction method and prediction framework can effectively reduce the differences between features, with high stability and good generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts the "baseline scenario method" to construct a comprehensive model for calculating and reducing carbon emissions generated by employee travel, including the accounting of carbon emissions from commuting and business travel, as well as the assessment of green travel for carbon reduction. The study employs methods such as questionnaires and on-site interviews to collect travel data from employees of a research institute in Beijing as a case study. The results show that employees' commuting methods are diverse, with the subway being the primary mode of travel; however, business travel generates higher carbon emissions, particularly among employees with higher education levels. The research concludes that the model proposed in this paper provides a framework for preliminary carbon emission estimation, but to improve the accuracy of the estimates, more variables and factors need to be considered, and the limitations of the model are pointed out. The research findings have significant implications for policy and institutional practices, suggesting the adoption of more targeted measures to reduce the use of high-carbon-emission travel methods and to encourage the use of green travel options. With the continuous advancement of data collection technologies in the future, it will be possible to further establish a more refined carbon emission accounting model and obtain more accurate and comprehensive travel data, thereby providing solid data support for the development of more effective carbon reduction strategies and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beiji Pavilion Observatory, also referred to as the National Research Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica, is a meteorological observatory in China. Research indicates that as early as the 1930s, the surface synoptic maps drawn up by the National Research Institute of Meteorology of Academia Sinica in the identification of fronts and air masses reflect the polar front theory, including some synoptic analysis principles, had been introduced to China. It offers a different perspective to traditional ‘Western’ theory. China assimilated many ideologies from the West and internalised them within Chinese meteorology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the longitudinal mediating effect of growth mindset on the relationship between parenting style and depression. This study analyzed the data of the of 4,398 participants, which were obtained from the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study, collected by the Gyeonggi Education Research Institute in Korea for a total of 6 years from 4th to 9th, using a multivariate latent growth model. The analysis result showed that, first, authoritative parenting style and growth mindset decreased over time, while depression increased over time. Second, the intercept of authoritative parenting style had a negative effect on the intercept of depression. However, the intercept of authoritative parenting style had no significant effect on the slope of depression. The intercept of growth mindset negative effect on the intercept of depression. In addition, the slope of growth mindset negative effect on the slope of depression. Third, growth mindset partially mediated the relationship between authoritative parenting style and depression. This study is meaningful in that it verified the developmental trajectory between variables, and the results suggest that it is necessary to develop and apply a program focused on improving growth mindset to prevent depression in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Informed consent is the cornerstone of research ethics. One of its goals is that participants enter research with an understanding of what their participation entails. This paper is a study on how researchers understand the informed consent process. Previous studies have looked at this topic from a research participant perspective. However, few studies focus on the perspectives of the researchers. Therefore, this is an important paper that highlights an important issue (informed consent) from the perspective of those who administer it during research. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 researchers from 3 different research centers in Malawi working in clinical trials. The data was analyzed using open code utilizing the thematic approach to qualitative data. Results: This study identified that researchers have good awareness of the role of informed consent, how important it is for participants to understand the given information and ways to adjust their practice accordingly when obtaining it in order to enhance participant understanding. According to the research staff, most participants do not really understand all the concepts of the study at the initial visit, they gain more understanding during subsequent visits. It was emphasized that the best method of facilitating informed consent is reading the informed consent to the participant, thus a face-to-face conversation. Long and complex informed consent was identified as one of the barriers to participant understanding of the informed consent. Shortening the informed consent form and having additional conversation with the participants was suggested as one way of improving participant comprehension. Conclusion: Most of the participants understand much of the information during subsequent visits as you keep reminding them since informed consent is an ongoing process. Existing relationship or trust between a participant and a researcher, may influence participants' decision and misguide their understanding on the purpose of the study. Adequate time should be allocated to informed consent discussions. Shortening the informed consent forms and having additional conversations with potential participants may help improve their understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Methods Results Conclusion Several HCC risk stratification scores were developed; however, none has been prospectively validated. The primary aim is to validate the clinical utility of six HCC risk scores in large prospective study of F3‐4 patients achieving SVR following DAAs according to EASL guidelines. The secondary aim is to explore whether individualized risk stratification improves detection of HCC at early stages amenable to curative treatment.This prospective study included two cohorts: Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH) cohort of 463 chronic HCV patients with advanced liver disease (F3 and F4) achieved SVR with a follow‐up every 6 months according to EASL guidelines using 6 simple HCC risk scores and Tanta cohort of 492 comparable patients where individualized surveillance intervals were tailored based on HCC risk assessments using GES score as follows: low‐risk patients were followed yearly, intermediate‐risk every 6 months and high‐risk every 2–3 months.All scores, except Watanabe post, successfully stratified patients into low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups, with log‐rank p‐value of 0.001 and Harrell's C ranging from 0.669 to 0.728. Clinical utility of these scores revealed that the highest percentage of patients classified as low risk was 42.5% using the GES, while the lowest was 8.9% using the aMAP. ELRIAH cohort, 25 patients developed HCC with 52% diagnosed at BCLC 0 and A. Tanta cohort, 35 patients developed HCC, with 80% diagnosed at BCLC 0 and A.Individualized risk stratification using HCC risk scores was associated with improved early‐stage detection and receipt of curative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the relationship between different types of proximities—network and spatial—in relation to innovation in the context of the R&D service industry. In doing so, it contributes to the recent debate in the literature on the effects of network connectivity versus geographical colocation. The paper uses original data from a survey of 145 R&D service establishments in Montreal (Canada) and their interactions with both local and nonlocal organizations. The findings of the paper indicate that collaborative networks (both local and nonlocal) have a stronger association with R&D service innovation than spatial proximity to R&D service organizations and other collaborators. However, when these two dimensions are interacted, they are shown to function as substitutes. The paper also demonstrates that the relationship between spatial proximity and networking varies across three dimensions: local versus nonlocal networking, the type of relationship (client, supplier, competitor, and research institutes and university), and the type of network connectivity—brokerage versus closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadcast ephemeris plays an important role in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. With the rise of new constellations of Galileo and BDS3, satellite services are moving towards multi-GNSS fusion. Therefore, systematic evaluation of the multi-GNSS broadcast ephemeris and determination of the impact of ranging errors of different constellations in the multi-GNSS standard single point positioning (SPP) are necessary. In the contribution, the 120-day broadcast ephemeris from 1 January 2022 to 30 April 2022 and precise ephemeris provided by three analysis centers (German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), European Centre for Orbital Determination (CODE), and Wuhan University (WHU)) are used to analyze the orbits, clock offsets, and signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE) for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS2, BDS3, and QZSS (G, R, E, C2, C3, and J). The ephemeris analysis shows that the assessments using the precise ephemeris from the three analysis centers are consistent. The average daily SISREs for different constellations evaluated by GFZ products are 0.16 ± 0.07 m (E), 0.38 ± 0.19 m (J), 0.46 ± 0.19 m (C3), 0.50 ± 0.17 m (G), 1.30 ± 0.27 m (C2), and 2.40 ± 0.73 m (R), respectively. In addition, we propose a weight determination method using joint weighting of SISREs and satellite elevation angle (Ele + SIS) based on the analysis. One consecutive week of observations tracked by 23 permanent reference stations is selected, and a comparison experiment is conducted using the classical elevation angle weighting scheme (Ele) and the Ele + SIS scheme in dynamic SPP to verify the feasibility. Compared to the classic Ele scheme, the positioning accuracy of GREC2C3J combined SPP using the Ele + SIS scheme is improved by 34.2 % in the 3D direction, and the 95th percentile of the positioning errors is reduced by 31.5 %. The same dynamic SPP test using data after one year of modeling the Ele + SIS weighting scheme shows that the enhancement of the positioning accuracy of the Ele + SIS scheme decreases by only 3.7 %, which demonstrates that the Ele + SIS scheme can be used in real-time application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we look at the impact of the scientific production of Brazilian research institutions. Data were collected from SciVal and InCites for governmental research institutions (state and federal), and then we focussed on the two largest: Embrapa (Agriculture) and Fiocruz (Health). Institutions in the area of health, environment and physics tended to show higher impact than other areas, those in physics showed low first, last and corresponding authorships (<20%). Health institutions had a high profile in Policy and Patents, especially abroad, while agriculture had a more local impact. Citations in policy documents increased impact by 220%. Brazilian institutions in Defence, Agriculture, Energy & Nuclear, and Economic areas generally perform below world means. While some institutions may show a higher impact on specific indicators, the present study raises the need for an in-depth analysis of these institutions and their return on investments. Information contained here can help these institutions in strategic planning to improve impact results, including the uptake of science by the Brazilian government. While Fiocruz seems to meet this demand, Embrapa still needs to reaffirm its space within the system. Discussion on the return on investment (monetary and other resources) made in institutions these institutions require future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A successful multidisciplinary research center depends on the quality of the science being conducted and the quality of the center's design, culture, infrastructure, and institutional support. In this perspective, we describe our experience building and maintaining a multidisciplinary transplant research center with a large focus on transplant infectious diseases. We identify principles that we believe contributed to our success including: taking inventory, defining culture, creating a multidisciplinary shared leadership model, establishing expertise in a multiple method approach, investing in operations and management, building and sharing resources, and securing institutional support. We share our experience putting these principles into practice and highlight potential roadblocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycetoma is a debilitating neglected tropical disease that affects individuals worldwide, particularly in regions where there is poverty and limited health care access. The Mycetoma Research Center (MRC), based in Khartoum, Sudan, provides a sustainable, holistic approach to patient care as the only World Health Organization collaborating center for mycetoma. We describe MRC activities that align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals to control mycetoma in Sudan and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the trends and patterns of research funding can aid in enhancing growth and innovation in orthopaedic research. We sought to analyze financial trends in public orthopaedic surgery funding and characterize trends in private funding distribution among orthopaedic surgeons and hospitals to explore potential disparities across orthopaedic subspecialties. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of private and public orthopaedic research funding from 2015 to 2021 using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments database and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RePORTER through the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, respectively. Institutions receiving funds from both the NIH and the private sector were classified separately as publicly funded and privately funded. Research payment characteristics were categorized according to their respective orthopaedic fellowship subspecialties. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Mann-Kendall tests were employed. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Over the study period, $348,428,969 in private and $701,078,031 in public research payments were reported. There were 2,229 unique surgeons receiving funding at 906 different institutions. The data showed that a total of 2,154 male orthopaedic surgeons received $342,939,782 and 75 female orthopaedic surgeons received $5,489,187 from 198 different private entities. The difference in the median payment size between male and female orthopaedic surgeons was not significant. The top 1% of all practicing orthopaedic surgeons received 99% of all private funding in 2021. The top 20 publicly and top 20 privately funded institutions received 77% of the public and 37% of the private funding, respectively. Private funding was greatest (31.5%) for projects exploring adult reconstruction. Conclusion: While the amount of public research funding was more than double the amount of private research funding, the distribution of public research funding was concentrated in fewer institutions when compared with private research funding. This suggests the formation of orthopaedic centers of excellence (CoEs), which are programs that have high concentrations of talent and resources. Furthermore, the similar median payment by gender is indicative of equitable payment size. In the future, orthopaedic funding should follow a distribution model that aligns with the existing approach, giving priority to a nondiscriminatory stance regarding gender, and allocate funds toward CoEs. Clinical Relevance: Securing research funding is vital for driving innovation in orthopaedic surgery, which is crucial for enhancing clinical interventions. Thus, understanding the patterns and distribution of research funding can help orthopaedic surgeons tailor their future projects to better align with current funding trends, thereby increasing the likelihood of securing support for their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to interpret the political discourse employed in the process of integrating foreign nationals into Spain's Armed Forces (2002-2017) and collate it with a wide range of primary sources. The sources include statistics from the Spanish Ministry of Defence, legislation, opinion polls conducted by the public research institute the Centre for Sociological Research (CIS) and data series from Spain's official statistics agency (INE). The study takes a constructivist approach that seeks to uncover the implicit elements underlying the discourses of public policies, ideas and ideological concepts. It offers a view that is complemented by a historical reconstruction of the facts and an institutional analysis that combines formal elements (laws, policies and opinion polls) with informal components (non-codified practices or ideas and shared meanings). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the connotative significance of the words of the Holy Quran and the role of this significance in clarifying the intended meaning of the Quranic verses in which these words appear. This is achieved by examining the lexical meaning of each term and its usages in the Arabic language, and then exploring what these words imply according to their contextual and situational settings. This approach aims to provide a clear vision and explicit connotation, ultimately revealing the general meaning intended in the wise text. The research includes, after the introduction, a prelude that discusses the concept of connotative significance in light of modern linguistic studies. The main focus of the research then centers on the primary axis of this study, relying on the selection of a group of words from the Holy Quran to serve as a model for study and analysis. The research concludes with a summary of the key findings reached by this study, accompanied by a number of recommendations that warrant mention [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geography has obvious theoretical advantages in explaining the globalization of enterprises' R&D. Based on the theory of international direct investment and the relevant theories of economic geography, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the globalization of Chinese enterprises' R&D from the two dimensions of location and relationship, and takes Huawei as an example to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of enterprise R&D globalization and the interaction mechanism between R&D globalization and enterprise innovation capability upgrading, so as to confirm the applicability of the interpretation framework. The study believes that the independent innovation ability and technology absorption ability accumulated by enterprises in related fields are the prerequisites for their R&D globalization. On this basis, choosing a suitable location to continue to deploy overseas R&D centers, making full use of the technical advantages and rich innovation resources of the host country, and relying on good inter-state relations and the cooperation network relationship between Chinese enterprises and host country enterprises, universities and research institutes are important strategic choices for enterprises to obtain innovation resources and knowledge spillover to achieve technological upgrading. However, in the context of increasingly fierce global science and technology competition and the prevalence of trade protectionism, the changes in inter-state relations have had a great impact on the R&D globalization of Chinese enterprises, and should also be regarded as an important factor for Chinese enterprises to consider overseas R&D investment. Finally, drawing on Huawei's R&D globalization development experience, suggestions are made for Chinese enterprises to choose appropriate locations to effectively implement overseas R&D investment to enhance their innovation capabilities. At the same time, it also provides theoretical and case support for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures to encourage Chinese enterprises to go global [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of think tanks beyond the West raises the question of how well existing classifications translate to new environments. This article assesses this question in the Western Balkans region, examining how the organisation of local think tanks differs from the Western model. Drawing on an original dataset of 68 organisations, we find that a majority reflect the think tank model outlined in the literature. Yet, while not entirely lost in translation, existing typologies fall short of fully capturing the Western Balkans think tank sector. This includes, inter alia, a substantial share of hybrid organisations that perform functions beyond those normally attributed to think tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies show that when Hollywood professionals develop and produce films and television series, they consult experts in social and political issues. These experts may be private individuals or representatives of various governmental, social movement, or research organisations. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, I focus on organisational experts and explore how they provide their expertise to Hollywood. I argue that these organisations form a peculiar social space surrounding Hollywood, which I refer to as 'the relational space of organisational expertise provision', which demonstrates some field effects like similar practices and habitus, but does not show overt competition. I argue that the provision of organisational expertise in Hollywood is undertaken by organisational boundary spanners who operate within this relational space through the enactment of expertise networks, the construction of connecting interfaces, and the trading of expertise as short-lived, or proxy, capital. These findings contribute to the Bourdieusian field analysis and sociology of expertise by elucidating how social spaces interact, how social agents gain power through the inter-field exchange of expertise, and what happens in the field of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donald Trump's capture of the Republican Party enabled a radical questioning of received wisdom within the broader conservative intellectual movement. In particular, it enabled the emergence of a post-Trump, distinctly American New Right. This policy paper examines the American New Right and its visions for United States foreign policy. In the context of contemporary American politics, the New Right is best understood as a rejection of the 'fusionism' that has characterized US conservatism since the early decades after the Second World War. The paper argues that there are three major identifiable parts of the New Right: the Claremonters, the post-liberals and the national conservatives. In part because of their 'big-tent' character, as well as deft intellectual leadership by Yoram Hazony, the national conservatives have become the most influential group within the contemporary New Right. The article also examines how the New Right has attempted to create an alternative ideational infrastructure, with a clear focus on entrenching itself through large-scale credentialing of personnel deemed to be loyal to the New Right's agenda. There is reason to speak of a 'natcon takeover' of traditional conservative institutions. This is particularly the case with the Heritage Foundation, the largest and most influential conservative think tank. While all segments of the New Right ostensibly embrace some notion of grand strategic restraint, the policy paper argues that the rise of national conservatism is likely to accelerate the US pivot from Europe to Asia rather than lead to neo-isolationism, as is sometimes suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How are neoliberal thought leaders reacting to the rise of radical conservatism? Looking at Atlas, a worldwide network comprising approximately 500 free market think tanks and campaign groups, this study examines how its affiliates prioritize threats. This is accomplished through a qualitative analysis of a sample of documents that Atlas partners published on their websites from 2017 to 2022. The findings range from expected to puzzling. First, there is a reliable adherence to core neo-liberal ideas such as globalization and marketization. Second, explicit evidence of ideological tension is scarce, as only a few think tanks openly signal alignment with illiberal and authoritarian positions. However, as a whole, the network appears consistently—and wilfully—apathetic towards the radical right. This indifference contrasts with the vigour and regularity with which the network confronts left-of-center ideas, parties and governments. Delving into this contrast and its political implications, the study highlights the twin concepts of strategic and selective ignorance and considers their analytical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survey design decisions are—by their very nature—tradeoffs between costs and errors. However, measuring costs is often difficult. Furthermore, surveys are growing more complex. Many surveys require that cost information be available to make decisions during data collection. These complexities create new challenges for monitoring and understanding survey costs. Often, survey cost information lags behind reporting of paradata. Furthermore, in some situations, the measurement of costs at the case level is difficult. Given the time lag in reporting cost information and the difficulty of assigning costs directly to cases, survey designers and managers have frequently turned to proxy indicators for cost. These proxy measures are often based upon level-of-effort paradata. An example of such a proxy cost indicator is the number of attempts per interview. Unfortunately, little is known about how accurately these proxy indicators actually mirror the true costs of the survey. In this article, we examine a set of these proxy indicators across several surveys with different designs, including different modes of interview. We examine the strength of correlation between these indicators and two different measures of costs—the total project cost and total interviewer hours. This article provides some initial evidence about the quality of these proxies as surrogates for the true costs using data from several different surveys with interviewer-administered modes (telephone, face to face) across three organizations (University of Michigan's Survey Research Center, Westat, US Census Bureau). We find that some indicators (total attempts, total contacts, total completes, sample size) are correlated (average correlation ∼0.60) with total costs across several surveys. These same indicators are strongly correlated (average correlation ∼0.82) with total interviewer hours. For survey components, three indicators (total attempts, sample size, and total miles) are strongly correlated with both total costs (average correlation ∼0.77) and with total interviewer hours (average correlation ∼0.86). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality evaluation of normal education is a crucial guide for the high-quality development of normal education in China, and a crucial instrument for building a great education country and a high-quality education system. Since the founding of People's Republic of China, China's quality evaluation of normal education has undergone stages of emergence, formation, and innovation, achieving great progress in terms of institutional and practical innovations. However, it still faces severe challenges such as weakened organizational mechanism and lack of regulatory mechanisms, outdated category structures and unclear type characteristics, weakened practical ability and traditional technical means, and weak governance empowerment and insufficient think tank functions. To develop a world-class normal education quality evaluation system with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to improve the competence of evaluation organizations, regulate the operation of normal evaluation market, construct the category of three-dimensional evaluation practice, highlight the characteristics of normal evaluation types, develop categorized evaluation practice models, innovate the digital and intelligent evaluation of normal education, and enhance the governance functions of evaluation conclusions, promoting the improvement of normal education quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the issue of continuity of the consensus on the US–Japan alliance in the post-Cold War era, by employing the concepts of a security policy community (SPC) that comprises both government office-holders and non-governmental actors focused on the foreign and security policy. The main argument is three-fold; firstly, one of the major forces behind the continuity and enhancement of the security consensus on the US–Japan alliance has been the formation of the transnational SPC that includes members from the US and Japan; secondly, since the end of the Cold War, the SPC has developed a dense network of members, institutions, and practices that supports the advocacy of alliance enhancement as well as community cohesion and nurturing of new members; and thirdly, the think tank- and university-based experts play an increasingly vital role in the formation and dissemination of the security consensus. The article suggests that such arrangements can have both positive and negative consequences and that a proper balance between openness and exclusiveness, expertise and novelty, and continuity and innovation is required in order to maintain a vibrant marketplace of ideas for security policy. The article also indicates that with the transformation of the Indo-Pacific security architecture from the hub and spoke to the networked system, SPC might serve as a model in other US alignments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report from EPI is based on work that the think tank has done over the last year and looks at the manifestos of the Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats, Greens and Reform UK as they affect England and tries to match manifesto commitments to a research evidence base. There port notes that international comparisons show that England's high attaining pupils are on a par with some of the highest performing countries in the world. But England's biggest challenge is a long tail of low attainment that is correlated with economic disadvantage, special educational needs, and particular ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Issue 32(3)" of the journal "Mitteilungen der DMV" deals with various topics in the field of mathematics. It discusses, among other things, the public Gauss lecture of the DMV, the game-theoretical modeling of the Madman Theory in politics, and the promotion of the Mathematical Research Institute Oberwolfach. Furthermore, it discusses the network of European Women in Mathematics and proposals for combating the shortage of teachers in the mathematical field. The article also contains information about the upcoming presidential elections of the DMV. [Extracted from the article]

An increasing culture of performativity has led to changes in the organizational landscape of academic institutions. While the impact of these changes on outputs is well documented, their impact on academics' strategic research agendas is still an emerging topic. This study expands upon previous research on this issue and focuses on comparing these dynamics across all fields of science using a global sample of academics. We found that most of the relationships between organizational features and research agendas were mostly consistent across disciplines, with variations mainly in the strength rather than the direction of effects. The perceived access to resources, autonomy, and collegiality was the key driver in promoting ambitious, collaborative, discovery-driven, and multidisciplinary agendas. Furthermore, our findings suggest a concerning trend in research institutions: academics that are more willing to stay in their institutions and are more aligned with its demands are less inclined to pursue trailblazing agendas. Although most of these effects were universal, some field-specific dynamics are also discussed, notably in what concerns the so-called "hard" sciences. This study highlights the importance of promoting a collegial environment with a high degree of autonomy to foster discovery-driven research and underscores the potential risks of the "publish or perish" culture prevalent in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has a rich Central Asia studies literature and in recent years, it has seen an expansion in the number of research institutions with a regional focus. We apply a Structural Topic Model, a quantitative method that estimates thematic prevalence through machine learning, to analyse publications on Central Asia in Chinese academic and specialist journals to show how the field has evolved over time. Aside from the methodological contribution we offer an original dataset of 10,563 publications scraped from China's CNKI database. We test our strategy on two assumptions in Western literature on Chinese academics' understanding of Central Asia: (1) China's research institutes are primarily concerned with economics and (2) China's thinking on strategic regions is lacking in local context, unique cultural concepts and insights. We argue that while China's scholarship on the region is often Sinocentric, some research shows diversity and nuance, with more analytical depth that has been traditionally understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grand sustainability challenges span multiple sectors and fields of policymaking. Novel technologies that respond to these challenges may trigger the emergence of new policy subsystems at the intersection of established sectors. We develop a framework that addresses the complexities of 'multi-system settings.' Empirically, we explore belief and coalition formation in the nascent policy subsystem around hydrogen technologies in Germany, which emerges at the intersection of electricity, transport, heating, and industry and is characterised by a broad range of actors from different sectoral backgrounds. We find two coalitions: a rather unusual coalition of actors from industry, NGOs, and research institutes as well as an expectable coalition of gas and heat sector actors. Actors disagree over production, application, and import standards for hydrogen. However, there is widespread support for hydrogen and for a strong role of the state across almost all actors. We explain our findings by combining insights from the advocacy coalition framework and politics of transitions: Belief and coalition formation in a nascent subsystem are influenced by sectoral backgrounds of actors, technology characteristics, as well as trust and former contacts. Our study contributes to a better understanding of early stages of coalition formation in a multi-system setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]