845 results on '"resource use efficiency"'
Search Results
2. Environmental effects of improved regional nitrogen cycling in crop-livestock systems – A generic modelling approach
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Vonk, W.J., Schut, A.G.T., van Ittersum, M.K., Grillot, M., Topp, C.F.E., Hendriks, R., and Hijbeek, R.
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- 2025
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3. Elucidating economic sustainability of organic vis-a-vis conventional vegetable production in North Western Himalayas.
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Thakur, Niyati, Sharma, Ravinder, Roy, Pinaki, Shilpa, Kumar, Sanjeev, Savita, Kumar, Kinkar, and Roy, T. N.
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SUSTAINABLE development , *ALTERNATIVE agriculture , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *AGRICULTURE , *SUSTAINABILITY , *TOMATOES , *ORGANIC farming , *POTATOES , *CROP allocation - Abstract
Conventional farming has significant contribution to India's food production, but its limited effects have become apparent, leading to the need for an alternative agriculture method/technology, which can sustainably operate in a healthy ecosystem while maintaining and increasing quality and productivity. The present study was conducted to elucidate the economic viability of organic vis-a-vis conventional crop production and shows the picture to optimize the resource use efficiency for sustainable crop production in the North Western Himalayas region. The findings showed that organic products had higher output-input ratios for tomato (2.65) and potato (2.56). However, ineffective resource management in terms of over-utilization of organic potato seed and under-utilization of fertilizer, labour and plant protection for organic tomato caused lower productivity. Thus, the optimal level of resource allocation and their effective management are the two basic requirements to minimize costs, and consequently, maximize net income in organic crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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4. Spatial arrangements of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit ex Aiton) with seasonal food crops in intercropping system ameliorate the land productivity, biological efficiency and economic returns.
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Chaudhary, Archana, Verma, Kirti, Singh, Anjali, Kaur, Parminder, Singh, Anil Kumar, Kumar, Rakesh, and Singh, Saudan
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SPATIAL arrangement , *AGRICULTURE , *ESSENTIAL oils , *CATCH crops , *PELARGONIUMS , *OKRA , *INTERCROPPING , *FOOD crops - Abstract
• Innovative approach of rose-scented geranium intercropping with seasonal food crops is a sustainable agricultural strategy. • Demonstrating the potential of rose-scented geranium crop for higher yields as intercrops with okra. • Corroboration for higher yields, economic reliability and benefits for both farmers and environment. Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit ex Aiton) family, Geraniaceae, is also vegetative propagated (through rooted stem cutting), a high-value aromatic crop. Essential oil is extensively used in the fragrance, aromatherapy, flavor, and pharmaceutical industries. But the cultivation of rose-scented geranium as a monocrop creates competition with companion seasonal food crops in terms of limited availability of land. Intercropping is a sustainable approach to achieve higher production per unit land area and time by maximizing the utilization of available resources. This work was aimed to study the effectiveness of rose-scented geranium with companion seasonal food crops in intercropping system for enhancing the yield, quality of rose-scented geranium essential oil, and monetary gains for farmers. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in two successive years, with spatial arrangements of rose-scented geranium at 45 × 30 (G1), 45 × 45 (G2), and 45 × 60 (G3), companion seasonal food crops viz. maize (S1), sunflower (S2), mungbean (S3), okra (S4), onion (S5), and uradbean (S6) at their recommended populations along with their sole crops as a control. The results demonstrated that fresh herb yield (21.36 t/ha) and oil yield (35.57 kg/ha) were recorded maximum under S4+G2 (Okra + Rose-scented geranium at 45 × 45). In a similar manner, the highest monetary gains (4520 USD/ha) were achieved under S4+G2 (Okra + Rose-scented geranium at G2), followed by S4+G1 and S3+G2. The total land equivalent ratio (2.28), area time equivalent ratio (1.72), and land use efficiency (3.14) were higher in S4+G2 (Okra + Rose-scented geranium at G2) over monocrop. The quality of essential oils of rose-scented geranium was good and acceptable for market in all intercropping treatments. Thus, the intercropping system will help to increase high-value essential oil production and provide more benefit to seasonal food growers, as well as help the aroma industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. Soybean Cultivation in Dharwad District of Karnataka - Economics and Resource Use Efficiency Analysis.
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HABIB, SHILPA A., ARAVINDA KUMAR, M. K., SHASHI KIRAN, A. S., and RAMU, M. S.
- Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is known as 'golden bean' and grown in India for dual purpose that is oil seed as well as pulse crop. In the year 2022-23, the study was undertaken to assess the economics of soybean cultivation in Dharwad district, focusing on Dharwad and Kalaghatgi taluks in Karnataka, India. The data was gathered from a sample of 90 respondents, comprising 30 small & medium farmers, 30 large farmers and 30 market intermediaries. Cost of cultivation of soybean showed that large farmer incurred higher costs per acre (Rs.55,501) compared to small & medium farmers (Rs.48,147). Returns per rupee of expenditure indicated a marginally higher profitability for large farmers (1.27) compared to the small & medium farmers (1.25). Resource use efficiency was attempted using Cobb-Douglas type of production function. For small & medium farmers, under-utilization was observed for seed, FYM, chemical fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, human labour and over-utilization for weedicide and machine labour. Similarly, large farmers exhibited under-utilization for FYM, chemical fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, human labour, weedicide and over-utilization for seed and machine labour. As observed from the results there is scope for reallocation of inputs for optimum level of usage. Implementing recommended packages of practices can optimize returns, ensuring sustainable soybean cultivation in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
6. Trans-Compiler-Based Conversion from Cross-Platform Applications to Native Applications.
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Mahmoud, Amira T., Radwan, Moataz-Bellah, Soliman, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Yousef, Ahmed H., Zayed, Hala H., and Medhat, Walaa
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LANGUAGE models ,MOBILE apps ,NATIVE language ,INNOVATION management ,GENERALIZATION - Abstract
Cross-platform mobile application development is emerging widely in the mobile applications industry. Cross-platform Frameworks (CPFs) like React Native, Flutter, and Xamarin are used by many developing companies. The technology these frameworks use faces performance and resource use efficiency limitations compared to native applications. The native applications are written in the native languages of the platforms. Trans-complier-based conversion between native languages of different platforms of mobile applications has been addressed in recent research. However, the problem statement needed to be mathematically represented. The solution depended on hard coding and needed more generalization. In addition, it might not be a practical solution for companies that are using and already have built applications using CPFs. Therefore, in this paper, we present an enhanced-transcompiler-based converter to convert applications made by CPFs to native applications. We implemented the architecture to convert React Native and Xamarin applications. The React Native to Native tool converted thirteen applications to native Android and iOS applications, with accuracies ranging from 40% for large applications to 100% for simple applications. The maximum conversion time was seven minutes for converting 40% of an 8K LOC application. In addition, since Large Language Models (LLMs) are the trendiest technology in our era, we compared our proposed solution output with LLMs. We concluded its superiority compared to the status of LLMs. Performance evaluation is also done to compare the React Native applications against native applications generated by the transcompiler tool. The assessment showed that the native applications perform better than React Native regarding runtime memory consumption, storage, and speed. The Xamarin to Native tool was also tested to show the genericness of the architecture and how it can be extended to convert from any CPF to Native applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
7. Enhancing QoS in Delay-Sensitive IoT Applications through Volunteer Computing in Fog Environments
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Meena Rani, Kalpna Guleria, and Surya Narayan Panda
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volunteer computing ,quality of service ,task scheduling ,cost efficiency ,resource use efficiency ,min-ccv ,min-v ,Technology ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
An online distributed system which is helpful for users to contribute their surplus resources to handle the wide range of tasks is called volunteer computing. In Volunteer Computing System (VCS) technology, there exists heterogeneous devices which vary in terms of processing power, latency, cost, and energy efficiency. VCS is heterogeneous in nature so, it is essential to utilize all the resources to provide high Quality of Service (QoS), innovation and cost effectiveness for all requests. The dynamism and heterogeneity of VCS makes it essential to utilize all the resources for providing excellent Quality of Service(QoS). This innovation is also cost effective for all the requests. Task scheduling problems that are classified as NP-hard are very challenging in heterogeneous VCS environments. Therefore, two scheduling algorithms Min-CCV and Min-V are proposed for volunteer computing systems. The primary objective of the proposed algorithms is to improve network performance and also enhance the QoS by reducing the computational, communicational, and violational costs for various Internet of Things (IoT) based applications which in turn improves the quality of life. A task scheduler module allocates tasks Ti as a group of n jobs that are identified T1, T2, T3,…….,Tn for a volunteer computing system. These tasks have specific attributes like memory requirement, input and output file sizes, QoS requirements, etc. The outcome of the simulator describes that the proposed algorithm can allocate tasks in a more efficient way to the volunteer fog-cloud environment in comparison to existing methods. As compared to the generic-based algorithms, the proposed Min-CCV and Min-V algorithms enhance the deadline satisfaction rate to approximately 99.5% and decrease the costs incurred by 15 to 53%. The comprehensive simulation results give the better outcome of proposed work as compared to existing practices. more...
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- 2024
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8. Characteristics of climate resource utilization and economic benefits in new planting pattern for fresh faba bean and fresh maize in Yangtze River Delta
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Bo Li, Qingming Ren, Xiaoxu Shi, Wenyuan Shen, Yafeng Wei, and Fei Xiong
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Fresh faba bean ,fresh maize ,fresh soybean ,relay intercropping ,yield ,resource use efficiency ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
In this research, we aimed to construct a novel planting pattern for faba bean and maize with high-efficiency utilization of climate resources for application in production. We incorporated relay intercropping in two triple-crop planting patterns, namely faba bean/maize-maize and faba bean/maize-soybean. A field experiment was conducted to compare the annual yield, utilization efficiency of climatic resources and economic benefits among these two triple-crop planting patterns and the conventional faba bean – maize double-cropping system at Nantong, Jiangsu, China, from 2016 to 2020. Compared with the conventional double-cropping system, the faba bean/maize-maize triple-crop planting pattern resulted in significantly increased annual yield by 7,392 kg hm−2 to 10,519 kg hm−2, and increased annual biomass by 5,342 kg hm−2 to 7,172 kg hm−2.The triple-crop planting patterns increased the annual economic benefit by 12,195 RMB hm−2 and 15,680 RMB hm−2, respectively. The faba bean/maize-maize triple-crop planting pattern increased the annual radiation production efficiency by 0.18 g·MJ−1 to 0.31 g·MJ−1, the annual temperature production efficiency by 2.70 kg·hm−2·°C−1 to 3.78 kg·hm−2·°C−1, and the annual precipitation production efficiency by 4.55 kg·mm−1·hm−2 to 7.20 kg·mm−1·hm−2. Considering the yields, resource-use efficiency, and economic benefits, the triple-cropping planting patterns show promise as multi-crop systems to achieve high yields and high resource-use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region. These results demonstrate the use of a new relay intercropping planting pattern for use in crop production and represent a theoretical contribution to the development of efficient agricultural production. more...
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- 2024
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9. Interaction Effects of Water and Nitrogen Practices on Wheat Yield, Water and Nitrogen Productivity under Drip Fertigation in Northern China.
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Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Jianheng, Li, Liwei, Liu, Yang, Zhen, Wenchao, and Wang, Guiyan
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MICROIRRIGATION ,IRRIGATION scheduling ,IRRIGATION water ,WATER shortages ,WINTER wheat - Abstract
Water resource shortage and unreasonable application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been problems in wheat production of northern China. However, the interaction effects of water regimes and N practices on wheat root growth, grain yield, soil water, and inorganic N changes as well as water-N use efficiency are still unclear under drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing seasons. In this study, three irrigation schedules (i.e., irrigation was applied up to 80% [D1], 75% [D2], and 70% [D3] as soon as the soil water content decreased to 65%, 60% or 55% of field capacity) and two N practices (i.e., N applied at the base, jointing, booting stages were 90, 72, 48 kg ha
−1 [N1], and the base, jointing, booting, filling stages were 90, 40, 40, 40 kg ha−1 [N2], respectively) were considered. The decease in irrigation water amount was offset by the increase in soil water consumption. In addition, N practices significantly interacted with irrigation on soil NO3 − –N accumulation (2021–2022), NH4 + –N accumulation, SPAD value (2020–2021), N content in stems and grains at maturity, and average root length and weight density at the flowering stage. Irrigation, rather than N practices, significantly affected grain yield, total N uptake, crop N transformations (NT), the contribution of NT to grain (NTPC), water and N productivity, in which, for the value of these two seasons, D2 increased total N uptake by 18.1% (p < 0.05), and NT by 39.4% (p < 0.05) under N1 as compared to D3. Additionally, the highest WUE and ANUE were found in D2 during 2021–2022. Heavy irrigation water amount caused high a LAI; further analysis proved that the LAI was the key factor affecting grain yield, and positively and significantly correlated to yield. However, no significant difference in the LAI between D1 and D2 was found. N1 was beneficial to prevent N leaching and increase water and N use efficiency, biomass, and N transformation amount. This study recommends that D2 + N1 might be a promising system for manipulating irrigation and fertilization practices under sub-surface drip irrigation systems to improve water and N use efficiency and grain yields in semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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10. سنجش پایداری بوم نظامهای تولید هندوانه و انواع خربزه بر اساس تحلیل امرژی و اقتصادی در منطقه سیستان.
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سمیه میرشکاری, محمدرضا اصغری پو, زهرا غفاری مقدم, and سید ابوالفضل هاش
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AGRICULTURE ,ORGANIC fertilizers ,ECONOMIC indicators ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Background & Objective: Kitchen garden crops are really important in the stability and balance of the agricultural ecosystem of the Sistan region. Regarding the significance of food, economy, and job creation, it is vital to study these ecosystems. Materials and Methods: Five production systems of kitchen garden products, including gandak, sefidak, pashmak, watermelon, and melon, were evaluated in the Sistan region, using emergy and economic indicators. The research data was collected via questionnaires and field measurements from 45 farms for gandak, 53 farms for sefidak, 37 farms for pashmak, 60 farms for watermelon, and 82 farms for melon. Results: The total supporting emergy of gandak, sefidak, pashmak, watermelon, and melon production systems were estimated as 5.83×10
16 , 5.56×1016 , 3.45×1016 , 6.48×1016 , and 5.83×1016 MJ of solar emergy per hectare per year, respectively.the emergy renewability percentage (R%) of the gandak, sefidak, pashmak, watermelon, and melon production systems was calculated as 3.40, 3.57, 5.21, 3.06, and 3.40%, respectively. The higher R% in the pashmak production system compared to other systems is related to the large share of organic fertilizer use. The lowest amount of environmental renewability among the five systems was related to the watermelon system, which shows that in this system, a high percentage of emergy used is dependent on non-renewable environmental resources. Conclusion: The ecological sustainability of the watermelon production system is more than the other studied systems, and the assessments based on the calculation of 13 emergy and economic indicators designate that stopping erosion and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers can be effective in the ecological stability of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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11. Recycling Agricultural Waste to Enhance Sustainable Greenhouse Agriculture: Analyzing the Cost-Effectiveness and Agronomic Benefits of Bokashi and Biochar Byproducts as Soil Amendments in Citrus Nursery Production.
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Lavagi, Valeria, Kaplan, Jonathan, Vidalakis, Georgios, Ortiz, Michelle, Rodriguez, Michael V., Amador, Madison, Hopkins, Francesca, Ying, Samantha, and Pagliaccia, Deborah
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Applying bokashi (Bok) at 10% volume/volume (v/v), biochar (BC) at 10% v/v, and their combination (Bok_BC) as soil amendments significantly enhances citrus nursery production, improving plant growth and soil health, alongside offering notable economic benefits. Our greenhouse experiment evaluated these treatments across two fertilizer doses, at half (700 μS/cm) and full (1400 μS/cm) electrical conductivity (EC) levels, compared to a control mix, demonstrating improved nutrient availability, water retention, growth rates, and potential for carbon sequestration. Based on the results of this experiment, a cost–benefit analysis was performed; the BC treatment yielded substantial savings, particularly in large nurseries where BC at 700 μS/cm electrical conductivity (EC) saved USD 1356.38 per day and the same treatment at 1400 μS/cm EC saved USD 1857.53. These savings stem from increased nutrient contents (N, P, and K) and improved water retention, reducing irrigation; shortened growth cycles due to enhanced growth rates were observed, indirectly suggesting reduced electricity costs for greenhouse operations. Additionally, the increased carbon content within the soil points toward long-term benefits from carbon sequestration, further contributing to the sustainability and economic viability of these practices. These findings highlight the economic advantage of incorporating Bok and BC into soil mixes, providing a cost-effective strategy for enhancing greenhouse agriculture sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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12. Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies.
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Sow, Sumit, Ranjan, Shivani, Seleiman, Mahmoud F., Alkharabsheh, Hiba M., Kumar, Mukesh, Kumar, Navnit, Padhan, Smruti Ranjan, Roy, Dhirendra Kumar, Nath, Dibyajyoti, Gitari, Harun, and Wasonga, Daniel O. more...
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,FERTILIZERS ,EMPLOYMENT ,CROP management ,VEGETATION management - Abstract
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy, and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agricultural processes. With the tremendous increase in population, the demand for food and employment has also increased significantly. Agricultural methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer adequate, requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical fertilizers. Integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things, wireless communication, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning shows promise in addressing these challenges. However, there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efficiency. To address this gap, a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant articles. Out of 327 initially identified articles, 180 were deemed pertinent, focusing primarily on AI's potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients, water, and weeds. Taking into account research findings worldwide, we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and determine the best time for irrigation or herbicide application. The present status of AI-driven automation in agriculture holds significant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste, particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management, i.e. nutrient, irrigation, and weed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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13. Resource use efficiency: Developing a generic framework for protein production systems and its application on dairy and fish
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Maria Ignacia Rodriguez Escobar, Erasmo Cadena, Trang T. Nhu, Sophie Huysveld, Stefaan De Smet, and Jo Dewulf
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Resource use efficiency ,Sustainability ,Protein transition ,Life cycle assessment ,Food systems ,Circular economy ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Resource use efficiency has become increasingly important as the global demand for natural resources continues to grow, necessitating innovative and sustainable utilization strategies. Despite the availability of tools to quantify resource use and environmental impacts, an integrated assessment of total resource use efficiency remains underdeveloped. Addressing this gap, particularly within the context of the protein transition from animal-based to plant-based sources, this work introduces a novel resource efficiency framework. This framework advances current environmental assessments by enabling the precise calculation of efficiency in protein production processes and process chains based on comprehensive resource utilization metrics. It uniquely incorporates the nature of process inputs, including their renewability and circularity, and supports both foreground and life cycle perspectives at the process and process chain levels. To demonstrate its applicability, two case studies—fish and dairy production systems—are evaluated using exergy and mass analyses. more...
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- 2024
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14. Vegetable cultivation in Eastern Nepal: resource use efficiency and socio-economic drivers of adoption
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Sagar Ghimire and Rishi Ram Kattel
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Cobb-Douglas ,resource use efficiency ,Logit ,adoption ,Manuel Tejada, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Resource use efficiency and socioeconomic factors influencing the adoption of vegetables for cultivation were analyzed using cross-sectional data from randomly selected 120 vegetable producers in the Udyapur District of eastern Nepal. A field survey was conducted between October and November 2019. Five major vegetables of the district based on the area of cultivation, namely potato, cauliflower, radish, cabbage, and tomato, were taken for the study. The benefit-cost ratio was highest for cauliflower (2.46), followed by tomato (2.20), radish (2.01), cabbage (1.70), and potato (1.36). The Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that the cost of human labor and the cost of manure and fertilizer had a significant positive impact on income from vegetables, whereas the cost of seed had a significant negative impact on income from vegetables. The resource use efficiency analysis shows that the costs incurred for human labor, tillage, seed, irrigation, and packaging/marketing were overused. In contrast, the costs of manure and fertilizer are underused. The Logit model was used to study various factors affecting the adoption of vegetables for cultivation in the study area, which revealed the relationship and extent of the impact of various socio-economic factors on the adoption of the five different vegetables. more...
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- 2024
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15. Carcass size, not source or taxon, dictates breeding performance and carcass use in a burying beetle
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Gen-Chang Hsu, Wei-Jiun Lin, Chi-Heng Hsieh, Yue-Jia Lee, and Syuan-Jyun Sun
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breeding performance ,burying beetle ,carcass ,nutritional composition ,offspring quality–quantity trade-off ,resource use efficiency ,Science - Abstract
Small vertebrate carcasses represent critical resources for many terrestrial organisms, including burying beetles, which rely on carcasses for survival and breeding. Carcass attributes can influence the reproduction of burying beetles, yet most studies on their breeding ecology have used laboratory-reared carcasses of limited sizes. We conducted breeding and feeding experiments using a wide size range of lab (laboratory mice) and wild carcasses (wild mammals, birds and reptiles) to investigate how carcass size, source and taxon affect various breeding outcomes (e.g. clutch size, brood size and brood mass) of the burying beetle Nicrophorus nepalensis. Our results reveal a hump-shaped relationship between carcass size and breeding performance, with optimal breeding outcomes occurring on medium-sized carcasses. Furthermore, despite the variation in carcass tissue nutritional composition, breeding outcomes and larval growth did not differ between the two carcass sources or among the three wild carcass taxa. Finally, we found a larval quality–quantity trade-off across the range of carcasses examined, with carcass size shaping the larval life-history traits. Overall, these results elucidate how carcass resources may influence the breeding performance of burying beetles. Importantly, our study provides solid evidence validating decades of research using lab carcasses to study the reproductive ecology of burying beetles. more...
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- 2024
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16. Optimized irrigation practices with fertilizer utilization strategies to improve photo-fluorescence efficiency, vascular bundles and maize production in semi-arid regions
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Xiaoxia Liu, Shahzad Ali, Liyu Yang, Tao He, Gang Pang, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mohamed E. Assal, Shaik Althaf Hussain, and Mudassar Nawaz Khan
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Nitrogen utilization ,Vascular bundle system ,Irrigation practices ,Photosynthetic performance ,Resource use efficiency ,Maize ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The mechanism of irrigation models combined with fertilizer utilization strategies under the biodegradable film mulching could greatly promote crop photosynthesis, vascular bundles structure; resource utilization and maize production are unclear in semi-arid areas. Unfortunately, this mechanism provides a scientific basis for improving irrigation and fertilizer utilization. A field study was carried out during 2021–2022 years. Seven treatments were established: two nitrogen levels: low-N (150 kg N ha−1) and high-N (300 kg N ha−1) combined with three different irrigation models: drip irrigation (DI), ridge irrigation (RI) and border irrigation (BI) under the biodegradable film mulching with (CK) treatment have no irrigation, fertilizer and mulching. Our results revealed that DIH treatment considerably increased soil water storage, enhanced photosynthesis rate (Pn) of maize by mainly to facilitate stomatal opening compared to the rest of all treatments. In addition, it also enhances the differentiation of the vascular bundle system and maintains its post silk function under better environmental conditions, greatly improving nitrogen storage in soil and plants, and enhancing maize productivity. DIH and RIH treatments significantly increased net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and yield were observed, but evapotranspiration (ET) decreased at different growth stages. The results showed that DIH treatment was an effective tillage strategy, which increased biomass yield by 32.6 %, grain yield by 46.0 %, water use efficiency (WUE) by 46.2 %, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 86.4 % compared to other treatments. Given these results, thus we recommend the drip irrigation combined with a high-N level under a biodegradable film mulching increase photo-fluorescence efficiency, maize production and resource utilization efficiency in semi-arid regions. more...
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- 2024
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17. Impacts of the 2011 Disaster on Food–Energy–Water Material Flows and Resource Use Efficiency in Yokohama City
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Hanyu, Liu, Yan, Wanglin, Yan, Wanglin, editor, Galloway, William, editor, and Shaw, Rajib, editor
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- 2024
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18. Resource Use and Marketing Efficiency of Kalanamak Rice Cultivation in Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh, P.K., Raj, Satyam, Singh, Rakesh, Singh, O.P, and Singh, Shiwam
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- 2024
19. Linking weather and climate information services (WCIS) to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices
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Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Tinashe Lindel Dirwai, Cuthbert Taguta, Aidan Senzanje, Wuletawu Abera, Ajit Govid, Elliott Ronald Dossou-Yovo, Ermias Aynekulu, and Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo
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Climate adaptation ,Resource use efficiency ,Sustainability ,Weather extremes ,Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem Nexus ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Objective(s): This study synthesises existing knowledge on the linkages between Weather and Climate Information Services (WCIS) and Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: (1) What is the current status of knowledge on WCIS and CSA in the global south, specifically the African continent?, (2) Are WCIS effectively tailored and linked to CSA practices and technologies to improve agricultural water management (AWM) amongst smallholder farmers?, and (3) How can linking WCIS and CSA facilitate the identification, appraisal and prioritization of regionally differentiated and context-specific climate-appropriate technologies and policies that enhance agricultural water management at various levels (field, farm, scheme, and catchment)? Methods: The study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. It involved the search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed articles, books, and grey literature focussed on the global south. Results: The results revealed that seasonal forecasts were the main WCIS available to farmers who utilised them to plan predominantly for irrigation and water harvesting activities. Daily forecasts were linked to practices such as irrigation. The study also revealed that temperature and rainfall (amount and distribution) were predominantly disseminated to farmers through extension services. The dominant CSA practices used by farmers were carbon-smart (e.g., composting), water-smart practices (improved varieties, irrigation, RWH), weather-smart practices (IPM & crop insurance), and nitrogen-smart practices (organic fertiliser, crop diversification). Advisories on carbon-smart practices generally aligned closely with the start and end of rainfall information, while the water-smart practices were corroborated with the rainfall onset, end of rainfall season, and rainfall intensity. Weather smart practices were strongly linked to drought, temperature, and rainfall distribution, whereas nitrogen smart practices were linked with the end of rainfall and temperature. Conclusions: The study concluded that distinct linkages exist between WCIS and various CSA categories. The study argues that increasing access to WCIS can facilitate the adoption and scaling of CSA practices. more...
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- 2025
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20. Ridge and furrow configuration improved grain yield by optimizing the soil hydrothermal environment and maize canopy traits in Northwest China.
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Liu, Pengzhao, Zhang, Ting, Zhang, Fengyun, Ren, Xiaolong, Chen, Xiaoli, and Zhao, Xining
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ENVIRONMENTAL soil science , *CORN , *LEAF area index , *WATER efficiency , *WATER temperature , *SOIL temperature - Abstract
Background and aims: Ridge and furrow technology is widely used to increase yields in Northwest China, where the focus is primarily on ridge cropping or furrow planting. However, the effects of ridge and furrow configuration (planting both on ridges and in furrows) on soil water and temperature, maize canopy structure and grain yield are still not clear. Methods: A 2-year (2015–2016) field experiment was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of different planting systems [conventional flat planting (CK), ridge and furrow configuration with two rows of plants in both ridges and furrows (R2F2), and with three rows in ridges and two rows in furrows (R3F2)] on soil water and temperature, canopy traits, grain yield and resource use efficiency. Results: Soil hydrothermal environment and canopy structure were improved under ridge and furrow configuration, but did not cause excessive water consumption. Compared with CK, ridge and furrow configuration showed a greater advantage in water and temperature allocation, which increased leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic capacity per plant and dry matter accumulation in furrows. Additionally, ridge and furrow systems represented a higher canopy light transmission rate to bottom layers, which contributed to more light interception capacity for plants. In comparison with CK, grain yield of R2F2 and R3F2 significantly improved by 20.5% and 12.4%, water use efficiency improved by 26.2% and 20.1%, and radiation use efficiency improved by 28.2% and 17.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Ridge and furrow configuration optimized canopy structure and soil hydrothermal environment, ultimately increasing grain yield and resource use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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21. Trout Production in District Ganderbal – An Analysis of Economic Challenges.
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Singh, Shyambir and Chalkoo, Salman Rauoof
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RAINBOW trout ,FISH stocking ,RATE of return ,FISH farming ,TROUT farming - Abstract
The present study carried during the year 2022-23, worked on the impact of the introduction of genetically improved strains of rainbow trout on the economy of the fish farmers, in comparison to the normal strains. The economy of 40 farmers in groups of 20 Normal stock (NS) and Genetically Improved Stock (GIS) each was conducted and interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The investigation showed that fixed capital investment on sample farm was Rs.1.25 lakh per raceway in both the set ups. The major share of investment was for the construction of raceway, which accounted for 68.53% of total investment on sample farms. The share of total variable cost was 58.37% in NS and 48.50 in GIS per cent and fixed cost was 41.62 in NS and 51.49 in GIS group. Feed was the major cost component accounting for about 46.43 per cent of the total cost in NS, while as it was reduced to 37.15% in GIS, thereby encouraging as a key factor in deciding profitability of trout farming. Resource use efficiency showed that feed was overutilized while labor was under-utilized in NS, while as it was optimally utilized in GIS group. The returns to scale in trout production of 1.25 indicates increasing returns to scale in trout production. High price of feed and seed are found to be the major constraints in trout culture. The B-C ratio worked out to be 1.37 in NS group and 1.87 in GIS group, indicating the economic feasibility of trout farming in the Kashmir valley, and better economic profile of farmers farming GIS strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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22. Straw return and nitrogen fertilizer application regulate the efficient use of radiation, water, nitrogen and maize productivity in Northeast China
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Xiangyu Li, Anran Long, Xinjie Ji, Xuelian Wang, Zhengyu Wang, Xiangwei Gong, Wen Zhang, Hua Qi, Ying Jiang, Zhanxiang Sun, and Fengyan Zhao
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Straw return ,N fertilizer ,Maize ,Resource use efficiency ,Grain yield ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Agricultural industries ,HD9000-9495 - Abstract
The combination of straw return and nitrogen (N) fertilization is an effective strategy for increasing farmland productivity and improving soil structure while mitigating climate change. However, although straw return practices are widely recommended in agroecosystems targeting sustainable agriculture, few studies have explored changes in grain yield, resource use efficiency, water productivity, and potential interactions between these variables. A field experiment was conducted during 2022–2023 in Northeast China to study the effects of straw return modes and N fertilizer input on maize grain yield and the efficient use of radiation, water, and N. We investigated two straw return tillage methods (rotary tillage with straw returning, RTS; plow tillage with straw returning, PTS) and five N fertilizer levels (0, 112, 187, 262, and 337 kg N ha−1) based on a field location experiment that started in 2015. Compared with RTS treatment, the PTS treatment resulted in a higher photosynthetic capacity by regulating the leaf area index and photosynthetic metabolism, resulting in increased dry matter accumulation and transportation. Such physiological improvements are conducive to increasing the nutrient use efficiency, water productivity, and grain yield. Specifically, PTS combined with the N3 treatment was an efficient tillage mode that increased radiation use efficiency of grain by 123.48 % and 207.41 % and by 153.44 % and 167.37 % in 2022 and 2023, respectively, compared with the PTS and N0 treatment. Together with partial least squares path modeling, regression analysis, and random forest, the variations in the above parameters led to high productivity in terms of N uptake, water productivity, leaf area index, radiation use efficiency, N use efficiency, and dry matter accumulation. Our results highlight the key roles of straw return methods in affecting grain yield, and further suggest that PTS combined with optimized N fertilizer input can enhance resource utilization, leading to a productive, efficient, and sustainable maize population. more...
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- 2024
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23. Impact of cropping system diversification on productivity and resource use efficiencies of smallholder farmers in south-central Bangladesh: a multi-criteria analysis
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Emran, Shah-Al, Krupnik, Timothy J, Aravindakshan, Sreejith, Kumar, Virender, and Pittelkow, Cameron M
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Agriculture ,Land and Farm Management ,Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Crop and Pasture Production ,Zero Hunger ,Decent Work and Economic Growth ,Cropping system diversification ,Sustainability ,Rice ,Resource use efficiency ,Multi-criteria ,Smallholder ,Economic profitability ,Environmental Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Studies in Human Society ,Agronomy & Agriculture ,Agricultural ,veterinary and food sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Human society - Abstract
Diversification of smallholder rice-based cropping systems has the potential to increase cropping system intensity and boost food security. However, impacts on resource use efficiencies (e.g., nutrients, energy, and labor) remain poorly understood, highlighting the need to quantify synergies and trade-offs among different sustainability indicators under on-farm conditions. In southern coastal Bangladesh, aman season rice is characterized by low inputs and low productivity. We evaluated the farm-level impacts of cropping system intensification (adding irrigated boro season rice) and diversification (adding chili, groundnut, mungbean, or lathyrus) on seven performance indicators (rice equivalent yield, energy efficiency, partial nitrogen productivity, partial potassium productivity, partial greenhouse gas footprint, benefit-cost ratio, and hired labor energy productivity) based on a comprehensive survey of 501 households. Indicators were combined into a multi-criteria performance index, and their scope for improvement was calculated by comparing an individual farmer's performance to top-performing farmers (highest 20%). Results indicate that the baseline system (single-crop aman season rice) was the least productive, while double cropped systems increased rice equivalent yield 72-217%. Despite gains in productivity, higher cropping intensity reduced resource use efficiencies due to higher inputs of fertilizer and energy, which also increased production costs, particularly for boro season rice. However, trade-offs were smaller for diversified systems including legumes, largely owing to lower N fertilizer inputs. Aman season rice had the highest multi-criteria performance index, followed by systems with mungbean and lathyrus, indicating the latter are promising options to boost food production and profitability without compromising sustainability. Large gaps between individual and top-performing farmers existed for each indicator, suggesting significant scope for improvement. By targeting indicators contributing most to the multi-criteria performance index (partial nitrogen productivity, energy efficiency, hired labor energy productivity), results suggest further sustainability gains can be achieved through future field research studies focused on optimizing management within diversified systems.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13593-022-00795-3. more...
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- 2022
24. Effects of Aquatic Plant Coverage on Diversity and Resource Use Efficiency of Phytoplankton in Urban Wetlands: A Case Study in Jinan, China.
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Jiang, Hongjingzheng, Lu, Aoran, Li, Jiaxin, Ma, Mengdi, Meng, Ge, Chen, Qi, Liu, Gang, and Yin, Xuwang
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- *
WETLANDS , *AQUATIC plants , *PHYTOPLANKTON , *PLANT diversity , *PARTIAL least squares regression , *TOTAL suspended solids , *BODIES of water , *URBAN ecology - Abstract
Simple Summary: An urban wetland, a critical component of an ecosystem, provides diverse habitats and has important functions such as water purification and nutrient cycling. However, under urbanization, wetland ecosystems face serious challenges from human activities like dredging, which often removes aquatic plants and destroys their functions. Therefore, studying the contributions of aquatic plants is key to wetland conservation. The present study was conducted in 10 urban wetlands in Jinan, China, to investigate the effects of aquatic plant coverage on wetland water quality, phytoplankton diversity, and resource use efficiency. The study area was categorized into three different aquatic plant coverage groups: low coverage (0–25%), medium coverage (26–35%), and high coverage (36–66%). The relationships among water quality parameters, phytoplankton diversity, and resource use efficiency were analyzed. Data show that the increase in aquatic plant coverage could directly absorb excess nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) and help to reduce sediment resuspension, thus significantly reducing the nutrient and suspended solid content of the water body and improving the water quality of the wetland. Furthermore, the increase in coverage was also associated with the increase in phytoplankton diversity, including species richness and functional diversity. The present study has shown that the composition of phytoplankton functional groups is positively affected by the degree of aquatic plant coverage. Phytoplankton groups adapted to still-water conditions and low light intensity were predominant in sites with higher aquatic plant coverage. Meanwhile, lower nutrients prevented dominant species from outcompeting others, allowing increased diversity. This increased phytoplankton diversity was associated with increased resource utilization efficiency (RUE), which is the ratio of phytoplankton biomass to available nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. More diversity allows for better ecological niche allocation and complementarity in the utilization of limited resources. Adequate aquatic plant coverage plays a critical role in maintaining biodiversity, water quality, and ecosystem function in urban wetlands. Conservation of aquatic plants should be a priority in management plans. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for incorporating aquatic plants into sustainable urban wetland conservation strategies. With the acceleration of urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem functions of urban wetlands are facing serious challenges. The loss of aquatic plants in urban wetlands is becoming more frequent and intense due to human activities; nevertheless, the effects of aquatic plants on wetland ecosystems have received less attention. Therefore, we conducted field investigations across 10 urban wetlands in Jinan, Shandong Province, as a case in North China to examine the relationships between aquatic plant coverage and phytoplankton diversity, as well as resource use efficiency (RUE) in urban wetlands. Multivariate regression and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the water quality, phytoplankton diversity, and RUE. The results demonstrate that the increase in aquatic plant coverage significantly reduced the concentration of total nitrogen and suspended solids' concentrations and significantly increased the phytoplankton diversity (e.g., species richness and functional diversity). The aquatic plant coverage significantly affected the composition of phytoplankton functional groups; for example, functional groups that had adapted to still-water and low-light conditions became dominant. Furthermore, the increase in phytoplankton diversity improved phytoplankton RUE, highlighting the importance of aquatic plants in maintaining wetland ecosystem functions. This study may provide a scientific basis for the management strategy of aquatic plants in urban wetlands, emphasizing the key role of appropriate aquatic plant cover in maintaining the ecological stability and ecosystem service functions of wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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25. Optimization of N Fertilizer Type and Ridge–Furrow Ratio to Improve Resource Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Rain-Fed Winter Wheat in Loess Plateau, China.
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Qiang, Shengcai, Zhang, Yan, Fan, Junliang, Zhang, Fucang, Lin, Wen, Sun, Min, Gao, Zhiqiang, and Tang, Xiwang
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- *
WINTER wheat , *NITROGEN fertilizers , *GRAIN yields , *LOESS , *LEAF area index , *PLATEAUS - Abstract
Ridge and furrow plastic mulch (RFPM) and nitrogen (N) application are effective strategies for improving crop productivity in China's Loess Plain. However, it is not clear how the ridge–furrow ratio and nitrogen fertilizer type (NT) affect the use of water, nitrogen, heat, and radiation resources for the enhancement of rain-fed wheat production. Two nitrogen fertilizer types (traditional urea (TU) and controlled-release urea (CRU)) and four planting patterns (conventional flat planting (F) and the RFPM system of 20 cm ridges with 40 cm furrows (R2F4), 40 cm ridges with 40 cm furrows (R4F4), and 60 cm ridges with 40 cm furrows (R6F4)) were tested from September 2018 to June 2021 during the winter wheat growing season. It was found that the RFPM system can increase soil thermal time (TTsoil) from 41.0 to 152.1 °C d compared to the F. RFPM system thermal effect, which reduced the vegetative growth period and prolonged the reproductive growth period for 2 to 7 days, which promoted an increase in the leaf area index (LAI) and final dry matter (DM) accumulation. These significantly increased the grain yield (GY) in the RFPM system by 51.6–115.2% and enhanced the thermal time use efficiency (TUE) by 48–99.5%, water productivity (WP) by 37.4–76.3%, radiation use efficiency (RUE) by 16.3–34.4%, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) by 51.6–115.2% compared to F. Although a high ridge and furrow ratio in combination with CRU increased the GY and resource use efficiency, it also exacerbated the soil water depletion, especially in the soil layer between 40 and 140 cm. Overall, CRU combined with the 40 cm ridge and 40 cm furrow RFPM system maximized resource efficiency and increased wheat production on China's Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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26. Effects of extreme rainfall events on phytoplankton community in a subtropical eutrophic lake: a mesocosm experiment.
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Yefei Zhang, Tao Li, Lu Zhang, Qin Hu, Zhangyong Liu, Jianqiang Zhu, Yi Chai, and Yang, Jun R.
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- *
PHYTOPLANKTON , *CLIMATE change , *CYANOBACTERIA , *GREEN algae , *EXTREME weather - Abstract
The impact of global climate change has led to an increase in extreme rainfall events, causing fluctuations in terrigenic inputs that significantly affect aquatic communities. Lake Changhu, the third-largest freshwater lake in Hubei Province, plays a crucial role as a reservoir of aquatic germplasm resources in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years, the lake has experienced a series of extreme rainfall events. In response to recent extreme rainfall events, a 42-day mesocosm experiment was conducted to understand the effect of terrigenic inputs on various aspects of phytoplankton in Lake Changhu, such as species composition, abundance, biomass, diversity, community turnover rates, resource use efficiency, and stability. The experiment involved the application of different terrigenic treatments, including a control group (CK, using lake water), low terrigenic input (LT), medium terrigenic input (MT), and high terrigenic input (HT). The results showed a noticeable shift in phytoplankton composition from a co-dominated state of Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria in the CK treatment to a Cyanobacteria-dominated state in the other terrigenic treatments. Furthermore, the terrigenic inputs increased phytoplankton abundance, community turnover rates, diversity, and resistance. Comparatively, the diversity index of phytoplankton increased by 82.61%, 73.83%, and 70.41% in the LT, MT, and HT treatments, respectively, in contrast to the CK treatment. However, phytoplankton abundance decreased by 6.99%, 15.55%, and 14.76% in the LT, MT, and HT treatments. Additionally, the resource use efficiency decreased by 1.94%, 5.16%, and 14.19% in the LT, MT, and HT treatments, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. These findings provide valuable insights into monitoring and managing the water ecology in Lake Changhu, offering a scientific basis for implementing effective management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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27. Temporal and Spatial Changes of Agriculture Green Development in Beijing's Ecological Conservation Developing Areas from 2006 to 2016.
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Li, Hong, Zhang, Weiwei, Xiao, Xiao, Lun, Fei, Sun, Yifu, and Sun, Na
- Abstract
As an irreplaceable ecological barrier, an ecological conservation developing area (ECDA) is vital for the integrated construction of urban and rural areas and the optimization and adjustment of industrial structures. However, few empirical studies have been conducted on the spatiotemporal variations of agricultural green development (AGD) in the ECDAs of large cities. Based on the green agricultural traits of Beijing and the accessible data, we evaluated the AGD and analyzed its spatial and temporal heterogeneity in Beijing's ECDAs by constructing a framework with 13 indicators. The results stated that energy consumption is a vital factor in green agriculture production and that the agricultural output value per unit of arable land area is the key to green agricultural revenue. From 2006 to 2016, the AGD index of the ECDA had an increasing trend, until 2012 when it followed a decreasing tendency. The AGD index of the northern region was higher than in the southern ECDA. The obstacle degree model was used to verify the AGD limiting factors, where poor infrastructure, slow agritourism, low labor productivity, and low resource use efficiency varied by districts in the ECDA. Given these findings, our study is conducive to AGD evaluation at the district (county) level for the ECDAs of large cities and provides important policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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28. Application of resource-environmental-economic perspective for optimal water and nitrogen rate under high-low seedbed cultivation in winter wheat
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Junming Liu, Zhuanyun Si, Lifeng Wu, Yuanyuan Fu, Yingying Zhang, Djifa Fidele Kpalari, Xiaolei Wu, Hui Cao, Yang Gao, and Aiwang Duan
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Resource use efficiency ,Environmental footprint ,Net benefit ,Water and nitrogen regime ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Agricultural industries ,HD9000-9495 - Abstract
High-low seedbed cultivation (HLSC), a targeted agricultural method for increasing land utilization efficiency in North China Plain, has emerged as a key practice in enhancing sustainable agriculture, particularly in the context of the region’s unique ecological challenges and water scarcity. However, comprehensive analysis of resource-environment-economy for water and nitrogen strategy in HLSC-cultivated wheat was limited. A three-year field experiment with four nitrogen rates (360, 300, 240, and 180 kg ha−1, denoted as N1, N2, N3, and N4) and three irrigation quotas (120, 90, and 60 mm, referred to as W1, W2, and W3) was conducted to investigate effects of water and nitrogen rate on water productivity (WP), agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN), energy use efficiency (EUE), carbon footprint (CF), water footprint (WF), nitrogen footprint (NF), and net benefits of HLSC-cultivated wheat. Results showed that the total energy output in moderate water and nitrogen input (i.e., N3W2) was 328.0×103 MJ ha−1, which was significantly increased by 31.8% compared with lower input (i.e., N4W3) but was decreased by 17.1% compared with higher input (i.e., N1W1). The total energy input, water consumption and grain yield in N3W2 was decreased by 22.3%, 14.4 and 4.1%, relative to N1W1, respectively, and increased by 18.2%, 20.8% and 42.2% relative to N4W3, respectively. This may lead to significant increase in EUE, WP, AEN and net income in N3W2. Furthermore, the CF, WF, and NF increased as the water and nitrogen input increased, whereas minimum CF, WF and NF per unit of yield was obtained N3/N4 or W1/W2 level. 240 kg N ha−1 coupled with 90–120 mm irrigation quota was recommended by TOPSIS for the HLSC-cultivated wheat to best trade-off resource use efficiencies, environmental footprints, and net benefits. Future studies are needed to further assess the scalability and adaptability of HLSC-cultivated wheat across different climatic zones and soil types. more...
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- 2024
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29. Editorial: Trends and perspectives for the use of crop wild relatives in crop breeding
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Rodomiro Ortiz, Filippo M. Bassi, Mahesh Rao, and Diego Rubiales
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climate change food and nutrition security ,genebank ,host plant resistance ,resilience ,resource use efficiency ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2024
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30. Urease and nitrification inhibitors with drip fertigation strategies to mitigate global warming potential and improve water-nitrogen efficiency of maize under semi-arid regions
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Yang Sunling, Ali Shahzad, Meng Wang, Yueling Xi, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, and Mujeeb Khan
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Plastic film mulch drip fertigation ,Urease inhibitor NBPT ,GHG emission ,Nitrification inhibitor DMPSA ,Resource use efficiency ,Maize production ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Agricultural industries ,HD9000-9495 - Abstract
The limited availability of water resources and the significant loss of nitrogen oxides are severe constraints on agricultural development in dry-land agricultural systems of China. The field studies consisted of two new inhibitors (1) nitrification inhibitor (N) (3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomer (DMPSA) and (2) urease inhibitor (U) N-butyl thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT) with three mulch drip fertigation irrigation treatments H (370 mm, conventional drip fertigation irrigation, referring to local actual agricultural irrigation standards), M (75% of H, moderate drip fertigation), L (50% of H, low drip fertigation), and CF: traditional flat planting without inhibitors and drip fertigation. The results indicate that drip fertigation irrigation with composite nitrification inhibitor can significantly reduce the N2O and CH4 cumulative emissions, thereby significantly reducing ET, GWP, and GHGI. Under the inhibitor-based strategy, the use of urease and nitrification reduced N2O loss by 42% and 60% compared with CF. In addition, RNH or RNM treatment can significantly enhance the content of SWS, NH4+-N, and NO3--N in the 0–120 cm depth, and significantly reduce the NO3--N leaching of the deeper soil. The N accumulation, grain N content, and N transport efficiency of corn significantly increase, which is helpful for improving grain yield. Under the action of two inhibitors, there was a significant difference between H and M drip fertigation irrigation. Compared with CF, the RNM with 75% reduced drip fertigation increase in average grain yield, biomass yield, CWPyield and CWPeco by 51%, 33%, 31%, and 57%, respectively. These results show that the use of H or M drip fertigation with nitrification inhibitor must be promoted in a rain-fed corn agro-ecosystem, in order to reduce GHG emissions without penalizing grain yield and leading to improves water-nitrogen efficiency of maize. more...
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- 2024
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31. Profitability and resource-use efficiency in vegetable cultivation in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh
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Singh, Pavitter, Thakur, Rajesh Kumar, Singh, Arshdeep, and Kumar, Virender
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- 2023
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32. Editorial: Trends and perspectives for the use of crop wild relatives in crop breeding.
- Author
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Ortiz, Rodomiro, Bassi, Filippo M., Rao, Mahesh, and Rubiales, Diego
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PLANT breeding ,BOTANY ,APPLIED sciences ,CROPS ,AGRICULTURE ,OKRA ,DURUM wheat ,VITIS vinifera - Abstract
This editorial discusses the importance of crop wild relatives (CWRs) in crop breeding and their potential for enhancing agrobiodiversity, sustainable agriculture, and food security. CWRs possess valuable genetic resources that can contribute to adaptability, resilience, resource utilization, and nutritional profiles in crops. However, many CWRs are currently threatened due to agricultural practices, urbanization, pollution, and climate change. The editorial emphasizes the need for conservation efforts and integration of CWRs into breeding programs. The research topic includes articles on various aspects of CWR utilization, such as natural selection, introgression, genomics, mapping traits, and defense responses. These studies highlight the potential of CWRs in improving crop traits, enhancing genetic diversity, and addressing challenges in agriculture. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
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33. Interaction Effects of Water and Nitrogen Practices on Wheat Yield, Water and Nitrogen Productivity under Drip Fertigation in Northern China
- Author
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Xin Zhang, Jianheng Zhang, Liwei Li, Yang Liu, Wenchao Zhen, and Guiyan Wang
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subsurface fertigation ,N topdressing ,wheat physiology ,yield ,resource use efficiency ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Water resource shortage and unreasonable application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been problems in wheat production of northern China. However, the interaction effects of water regimes and N practices on wheat root growth, grain yield, soil water, and inorganic N changes as well as water-N use efficiency are still unclear under drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing seasons. In this study, three irrigation schedules (i.e., irrigation was applied up to 80% [D1], 75% [D2], and 70% [D3] as soon as the soil water content decreased to 65%, 60% or 55% of field capacity) and two N practices (i.e., N applied at the base, jointing, booting stages were 90, 72, 48 kg ha−1 [N1], and the base, jointing, booting, filling stages were 90, 40, 40, 40 kg ha−1 [N2], respectively) were considered. The decease in irrigation water amount was offset by the increase in soil water consumption. In addition, N practices significantly interacted with irrigation on soil NO3−–N accumulation (2021–2022), NH4+–N accumulation, SPAD value (2020–2021), N content in stems and grains at maturity, and average root length and weight density at the flowering stage. Irrigation, rather than N practices, significantly affected grain yield, total N uptake, crop N transformations (NT), the contribution of NT to grain (NTPC), water and N productivity, in which, for the value of these two seasons, D2 increased total N uptake by 18.1% (p < 0.05), and NT by 39.4% (p < 0.05) under N1 as compared to D3. Additionally, the highest WUE and ANUE were found in D2 during 2021–2022. Heavy irrigation water amount caused high a LAI; further analysis proved that the LAI was the key factor affecting grain yield, and positively and significantly correlated to yield. However, no significant difference in the LAI between D1 and D2 was found. N1 was beneficial to prevent N leaching and increase water and N use efficiency, biomass, and N transformation amount. This study recommends that D2 + N1 might be a promising system for manipulating irrigation and fertilization practices under sub-surface drip irrigation systems to improve water and N use efficiency and grain yields in semi-arid regions. more...
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- 2024
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34. Root Phenotyping for Improved Resource Use Efficiency in Crops
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Rane, Jagadish, Basavaraj, P. S., Jangid, Krishna Kumar, Hegde, Vinay, Mamrutha, Harohalli Masthigowda, Harohalli Masthigowda, Mamrutha, editor, Gopalareddy, Krishnappa, editor, Khobra, Rinki, editor, Singh, Gyanendra, editor, and Pratap Singh, Gyanendra, editor more...
- Published
- 2023
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35. Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of the Cycle of a CHP Plant Power Unit Operating with Ultra-supercritical Steam Parameters
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Tarasova, Victoria, Kostikov, Andrii, Kuznetsov, Mikhail, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Haddar, Mohamed, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Altenbach, Holm, editor, Cheng, Alexander H.-D., editor, Gao, Xiao-Wei, editor, Kostikov, Аndrii, editor, Kryllowicz, Wladyslaw, editor, Lampart, Piotr, editor, Popov, Viktor, editor, Rusanov, Andrii, editor, and Syngellakis, Stavros, editor more...
- Published
- 2023
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36. Simultaneously improving grain yield and water and nutrient use efficiencies by enhancing the harvest index in rice
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Jianchang Yang and Jianhua Zhang
- Subjects
Crop management ,Grain yield ,Harvest index ,Resource use efficiency ,Rice ,Source-sink relationship ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Agricultural industries ,HD9000-9495 - Abstract
Global agriculture is facing the major challenge of providing enough food for a growing population while increasing resource use efficiency. The harvest index (HI) is an independent variable in the function not only for crop yield (biomass × HI) but also for water productivity (HI × biomass / water transpired) and nutrient productivity (HI × biomass / nutrient absorbed by plants) in crops. Therefore, enhancement in HI could simultaneously improve grain yield and water and nutrient use efficiencies in rice. An increase in the grain-leaf ratio (the ratio of the total number of spikelets to the leaf area at heading time) to coordinate source-sink relationships, an increase in the sugar-spikelet ratio [the ratio of the amount of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in the stems to the total number of spikelets at heading time] to enhance sink strength and NSC remobilization in stems during grain filling, and an increase in the percentage of productive tillers to improve canopy structure are the three important agronomic and physiological approaches to increase HI. The adoption of an alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation regime and the use of the “three-based on” application technology of nitrogen fertilizer (based on the soil fertility, leaf color, and variety in rice) are two major crop management techniques to increase HI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of HI in reducing environmental risk, the association of an enhanced HI by more remobilization of prestored NSC in stems during grain filling with lodging resistance, and the relationship between HI and grain quality in rice. more...
- Published
- 2023
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37. A scoping review of auto-generating transformation between software development artifacts
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Daniel Siahaan, Reza Fauzan, Arya Widyadhana, Dony Bahtera Firmawan, Rahmi Rizkiana Putri, Yenny Desnelita, Gustientiedina, and Ramalia Noratama Putrian
- Subjects
design artifacts ,resource use efficiency ,requirements conformity ,software artifact ,systematic literature review ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Every process within software development refers to a specific set of input and output artifacts. Each artifact models specific design information of a system, yet they complement each other and make an improved system description. The requirements phase is an early stage of software development that drives the rest of the development process. Throughout the software development life cycle, checking that every artifact produced in every development stage should comply with the given requirements is necessary. Moreover, there should be relatedness between elements within artifacts of different development stages. This study provides an overview of the conformity between artifacts and the possibility of artifact transformation. This study also describes the methods and tools used in previous studies for ensuring the conformity of artifacts with requirements in the transformation process between artifacts. It also provides their applications in the real world. The review identified three applications, seven methods and approaches, and five challenges in ensuring the conformity of artifacts with requirements. We identified the artifacts as class diagrams, aspect-oriented software architecture, architectural models, entity relationship diagrams, and sequence diagrams. The applications for ensuring the conformity of artifacts with requirements are maintaining traceability, software verification and validation, and software reuse. The methods include information retrieval, natural language processing, model transformations, text mining, graph-based, ontology-based, and optimization algorithms. The benefits of adopting methods and tools for ensuring the conformity of artifacts with requirements can motivate and assist practitioners in designing and creating artifacts. more...
- Published
- 2024
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38. Nitrogen Reduction Causes Shifts in Winter and Spring Phytoplankton Composition and Resource Use Efficiency in a Large Subtropical Lake in China.
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Liu, Xia, Deng, Jianming, Li, Yun, Jeppesen, Erik, Zhang, Min, and Chen, Feizhou
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- *
PHYTOPLANKTON , *SPRING , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *FISH stocking , *LAKES , *TURBIDITY - Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems occasionally show ecological thresholds, defined as the point at which there is a sudden shift in production, trait or biomass or where changes in an environmental driver create nonlinear responses at the ecosystem level. Previous studies of lakes have mainly focused on how reduction in particularly phosphorus (P) concentrations helps to create a shift in lakes from a turbid to a clear state (re-oligotrophication), whereas the effect of nitrogen (N) reduction is less well studied. Here, by analysing a 28-year monthly monitoring dataset (from December 1991 to November 2019) from the subtropical, large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, we identified a sudden shift in phytoplankton biomass and composition that coincided with a pronounced change in ecosystem functions, for example, resource use efficiency (RUE), during a period with reduction of the external nutrient loading. The changes were particularly strong in winter–spring where a sudden decrease in N concentrations was accompanied by a sudden increase in diatom biomass and phytoplankton RUE and a shift from green algae and flagellate co-dominance to dominance of diatoms. Structural equation modelling further indicated that ammonium reduction led directly to increases in winter–spring phytoplankton RUE and diatom biomass. Repeated fish stocking likely also contributed to the changes in biomass and RUE. Our study provides new insight into the ecological responses to N loading reduction and contributes to the understanding of lake responses to early re-oligotrophication, which was pronounced mainly in the colder seasons in subtropical Lake Taihu, similar to findings in the early phase of re-oligotrophication in numerous temperate lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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39. Reuse and Mechanochemical Processing of Ore Dressing Tailings Used for Extracting Pb and Zn.
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Golik, Vladimir I., Klyuev, Roman V., Martyushev, Nikita V., Kondratiev, Viktor V., Tynchenko, Vadim S., Gladkikh, Vitaliy A., Iushkova, Liudmila V., and Brigida, Vladimir
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- *
METAL tailings , *ORE-dressing , *ACID mine drainage , *WASTE management , *MINE waste , *HEAVY metals , *HEAVY metal toxicology - Abstract
The increasing accumulation of rock waste obtained due to ore processing and its environmental impacts, such as acid mine drainage and elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soils, necessitates the transformation of mining technologies based on the concept of circular waste management. The research is aimed at improving the parameters of the mechanical activation effect produced on technogenic georesources, as well as at expanding the application scope of disintegrators in the field of using the partial backfill of the mined-out space when developing stratified deposits. In this regard, the research purpose was to substantiate the parameters of extracting metals from enrichment tailings using their mechanochemical activation to ensure cyclic waste management. The research involved the application of three-dimensional interpolation methods used for processing the data and the graphical representation. As a result, the following was found to be characteristic of the waste of the Sadonsky mine management. The degree of extracting zinc from pre-activated tailings increases logarithmically when the H2SO4 concentration and the NaCl proportion decrease 3.5 times. The degree of extracting lead from the activated tailings increases according to the Fourier law when decreasing the NaCl mass concentration, and an optimal range of the H2SO4 (0.38–0.51%) proportion decreases six times. One of the key results of the research is the justification of expanding the scope of applying disintegrators in the case of a directed activation influence exerted on the components of the stowing strips. The obtained results expand the understanding of the mechanism of the influence of the mechanochemical activation of dry tailings on the reactivity unevenness when extracting several metals from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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40. Benefits, Challenges, and Strategies of Integrated Wheat-Fish Farming Practices in Egypt.
- Author
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Abdel-Hady, Mahmoud M., Barrania, Ahmed A., El-Karashily, Ahmed F., and Haggag, Shaimaa M.
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURE , *WHEAT farming , *PEST control , *COBB-Douglas production function , *COST benefit analysis , *WINTER wheat , *AGRICULTURAL technology , *FISH farming , *FOOD prices - Abstract
Recent fluctuations in global and local wheat prices have sparked a growing interest in reducing the importation of this essential crop. The primary goal of this study was to assess the technical and economic aspects of wheat cultivation in integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems, as well as identifying farmer challenges and proposing strategies to address these challenges. Following the 2023 wheat harvest season, a survey was administered to wheat farmers in Kafr El-Sheikh, El-Sharqia, and El-Buhaira Governorates, with 32 respondents. The wheat production function was developed using the Cobb-Douglas production function after analyzing the data using cost-benefit analysis. The results indicate that farmers prefer cultivating winter wheat to mitigate the risks associated with the cold tolerance of the Nile tilapia and reduce their dependence on irrigation. The average cost per hectare is around USD 49, yielding a total return of USD 1,752, a net profit of USD 1,402, and an impressive return on investment of 401%. Furthermore, the production function analysis highlighted the impact of fertilizers and pest control management on wheat productivity, with seed selection playing a significant role. Labor and location, on the other hand, did not show statistically significant relationships. Despite these promising results, wheat farmers in fish ponds face several challenges hindering the expansion and improvement of this practice. These challenges include the absence of a unified fertilization program, pest-related issues, a lack of agricultural guidance, governmentimposed price constraints, difficulties in balancing fish and wheat farming, high groundwater levels, and legal issues related to wheat cultivation in integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems. The study's findings provided a comprehensive set of strategies to address these challenges, aiming to promote the broader adoption of these sustainable practices to maximize returns from land and water with minimal environmental impact and contribute to food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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41. Resource Use Efficiency of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Sultanpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Author
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Mishra, Harshit, Singh, K. K., Supriya, Srivastava, Aditya Bhooshan, and Tiwari, Ankit Kumar
- Abstract
This article examines the profitability and resource use efficiency of cucumber production in Sultanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study collected data from 100 cucumber farmers and used the Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate resource use efficiency. The study found that marginal farms had higher profitability compared to small and medium-sized farms, and identified factors such as human labor, machinery charges, and seed as significant contributors to output on marginal farms. The article emphasizes the importance of the horticulture sector in the Indian economy and highlights the nutritional and medicinal properties of vegetables like cucumbers. The findings suggest that certain variables can be adjusted to increase profitability in cucumber production. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2023
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42. Profitability, resource use efficiency and technical efficiency of organic crops in Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Singh, Arshdeep and Thakur, Rajesh Kumar
- Subjects
COBB-Douglas production function ,ORGANIC farmers ,RETURNS to scale ,ECONOMIES of scale ,ORGANIC farming ,PROFITABILITY - Abstract
The profitability, resource-use efficiency and technical efficiency of organic crops in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh is estimated from primary data collected from 60 organic farmers selected randomly using three-stage sampling. The cost return data showed that maize and paddy were profitable organic crops, and increasing return to scale was supported by the Cobb-Douglas production function. Mean technical efficiency was 75, 55, 47, and 31% in maize, followed by barley, wheat, and paddy, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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43. Resource Use Efficiency of Potato Production among Smallholder Irrigated Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
- Author
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Mdoda, Lelethu, Obi, Ajuruchukwu, Tamako, Nthabeleng, Naidoo, Denver, and Baloyi, Raesetse
- Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is Africa's second most-grown crop and is widely used as the staple food after maize. The demand for potato production is increasing and growth in the area under production is estimated at 1.25% a year. Potato has great potential when it comes to food security and farm returns for many smallholder farmers. However, potato productivity is relatively low due to many factors that contribute to the low yield (including drought, poor production practices, and limited access to high-quality seed) and inefficient use of resources. Potato farmers have no access to formal markets, which may reduce the profitability of their enterprises. Additionally, while many studies have been conducted on the resource aspect of vegetable crops, very little is known about the profit efficiency of potato producers in the country. At the same time, efforts to commercialize potato production have not delivered the expected outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the profitability of potatoes, evaluate farm-level efficiency, and identify the factors that influence the efficiency levels of potato farmers in the Eastern Cape Province who engage in irrigation farming. The study used multi-stage and snowball sampling to select 150 smallholder potato farmers from whom primary data were collected using close-ended questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive, gross margin analysis and translog stochastic profit frontier (SPF) modelling. The study found potato production to be profitable by as much as ZAR 7027.11 per annum. It is shown that farm size under potato, seed, pesticides, and fertilisers contribute positively towards the improvement of efficiency while labour and hired tractors negatively affect efficiency. The average technical efficiency of potato production among irrigated smallholder farmers was 89%, indicating that potato farmers could increase output by 11% without increasing inputs. Potato farm size, years spent in school, access to extension services, family size, and non-farm income are socio-economic and institutional factors influencing the farmers' technical efficiency. However, the farmer's age, access to credit, and cold storage had a negative effect on their productivity. The study recommends that government and non-governmental organisations strengthen the existing extension service provided to smallholder farmers and make efforts to provide farmers with long-term training and education to increase their productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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44. Beyond compliance: public voluntary standards and their effect on state institutional capacity in Vietnam.
- Author
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Tran, Trang Thu, van Leeuwen, Judith, Tran, Dieu Thi My, and Bush, Simon R.
- Abstract
Public certification standards have received limited scholarly attention, especially the institutional capacity of public authorities that develop and implement these standards to address complex challenges, such as the promotion of industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis for enhancing resource use efficiency. This research uses an institutional capacity assessment framework to examine the ways in which a voluntary public standard for certifying eco-industrial parks affected the Vietnamese state's capacity to coordinate and implement industrial ecology. The article draws upon the interviews and a review of official documentation to show that the benefits of public standards extend beyond compliance to the enhancement of state capacities to coordinate complex policy domains such as industrial ecology. The findings contribute to providing a basis to redesign standard-setting processes to move beyond end-user compliance and provide insights into how public actors can more effectively address 'systemic' sustainability challenges – from circular economy ambitions to the Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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45. Optimization of Agricultural Resource Allocation among Crops: A Portfolio Model Analysis.
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Miao, Bao-Li, Liu, Ying, Fan, Yu-Bing, Niu, Xue-Jiao, Jiang, Xiu-Yun, and Tang, Zeng
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AGRICULTURAL resources ,RESOURCE allocation ,CROP allocation ,ELECTRONIC portfolios ,COST allocation ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
The portfolio model provides a new framework that enables farmers to make tradeoffs between the returns and risks of agricultural production. However, it has only been used in cost allocation among resources and in farmland allocation among crops at present. Thus, we conducted a portfolio model analysis based on an independent, mixed cross-section of data accounting for 1650 rural households in Minqin county, China, over a timescale of three years; the goal was to explore the feasibility and actuating extent of the portfolio model in optimizing the allocation of agricultural resources among crops other than farmland. The results showed that, by optimizing resource allocation among crops using a portfolio model, the return per unit resource of farmland, water, and labor increased by CNY 4.03 thousand per hectare, CNY 0.38 per cubic meter, and CNY 39.75 per day, without increasing risk, and with corresponding increases in use efficiency of 14.64%, 9.25%, and 13.55%, respectively, in the study area. Therefore, the portfolio model is a good tool for agricultural resource allocation optimization. Policy makers can manage agricultural resources according to their risk preference using this model. This study provides new insights into agricultural resource allocation and critical empirical evidence for return and risk management, as well as resource use efficiency improvement in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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46. Assessment of Cost of Cultivation, Resource Use Efficiency and Constraints in Cumin Production in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan
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Chand, Uttam, Anoop, M., and Sharma, Avdhesh
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- 2023
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47. Profitability and Resource Use Efficiency of Cabbage Production in Temperate Zone (High- Hills) of Himachal Pradesh
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Barwal, Parul, Sharma, Subhash, Bali, Diksha, and Kaur, Ekamdeep
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- 2023
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48. Space farming : Need for fresh vegetable crop
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Kumar, Vipin, Singh, Sudhanshu, Jakhwal, Riya, Singh, Bijendra, and Tomar, Harshit
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- 2023
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49. Conservation agriculture (CA)-based tillage practices in maize for enhancing crop yield, resource use efficiency and soil health: A review
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Biswakarma, Niraj, Rai, Bishesh, Nayak, Somanath, and Radheshyam
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- 2023
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50. Resources use efficiency in Sali (Winter) rice cultivation in upper Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam- A comparative study of mechanised and non-mechanised farm
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Gogoi, Horindra, Halim, R.A., Saikia, Trishnalee, Deka, Nivedita, and Singh, Soibam Peter
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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