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The work is aimed at solving an urgent problem in the scientific and technical field: the development and implementation of new technological processes in metal processing aimed at resource-saving and increasing production efficiency. Spinning is an important process in modern industry for the production of thin-walled workpieces, which are widely used in various industries. Investigation of the stress-strain state of the material during spinning is of great importance for improving manufacturing technologies and increasing product quality. This work proposes solutions of key research aspects such as the influence of process parameters (temperature, deformation rate, pressure, etc.) on the stress-strain state of the material. The relationship between these parameters and the mechanical properties of the processed material, including strength, plasticity, and crack resistance, is analysed. The investigation includes experimental methods such as mechanical testing, microstructural analysis, and modelling of deformation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development and principle of operation of resource-saving overcurrent protection, which is an alternative to traditional current protections. The experiments were used to study the electromagnetic field for the protection of electrical installations connected to the cells of complete switchgears, voltage 6–10 kV, without the use of conventional protections with metal-core current transformers. As is known, such current transformers (CTs) have significant weight and dimensional parameters and high price costs. The method of research is comparison of the developed protection with traditional current protections made using traditional measuring current transformers. The scientific novelty of this work consists of the developmental theory of the construction of protection for inductive coils based on the measurement of electromotive force values in different modes and points in the simulation of a three-phase short circuit inside the cell of the complete switchgear. The dependence of magnetic induction on the position of the inductive coil inside the cell has been found. It has been shown that the simplest formula of the Biot–Savart–Laplace law can be used to calculate them. This paper presents and describes the conducted experiments with their methodology. As a result of the industrial application of such protections, the act of implementation of the patent for the invention of an industrial enterprise is presented. The selection of settings of resource-saving protection is presented, as well as a feasibility study of the presented protection in comparison with conventional protection. This paper consists of the following sections: The Materials and Methods section describes the methodology used to achieve the purpose of the research. The Experiments section describes all the experiments conducted to achieve the purpose of the research. The Results section presents the results of the conducted experiments, an evaluation of the use of inductive coils in relay protection, an example of calculating the selection of the settings of parameters of resource-saving protection, a presentation of the patent for the invention, and a presentation of the feasibility study of the effectiveness of the considered resource-saving protection on inductive coils. The Conclusions section presents the result of this work, which is the creation of resource-saving protection on inductance coils. The References section presents a list of the sources used.

This paper presents the development and principle of operation of resource-saving overcurrent protection, which is an alternative to traditional current protections. The experiments were used to study the electromagnetic field for the protection of electrical installations connected to the cells of complete switchgears, voltage 6–10 kV, without the use of conventional protections with metal-core current transformers. As is known, such current transformers (CTs) have significant weight and dimensional parameters and high price costs. The method of research is comparison of the developed protection with traditional current protections made using traditional measuring current transformers. The scientific novelty of this work consists of the developmental theory of the construction of protection for inductive coils based on the measurement of electromotive force values in different modes and points in the simulation of a three-phase short circuit inside the cell of the complete switchgear. The dependence of magnetic induction on the position of the inductive coil inside the cell has been found. It has been shown that the simplest formula of the Biot–Savart–Laplace law can be used to calculate them. This paper presents and describes the conducted experiments with their methodology. As a result of the industrial application of such protections, the act of implementation of the patent for the invention of an industrial enterprise is presented. The selection of settings of resource-saving protection is presented, as well as a feasibility study of the presented protection in comparison with conventional protection. This paper consists of the following sections: The Materials and Methods section describes the methodology used to achieve the purpose of the research. The Experiments section describes all the experiments conducted to achieve the purpose of the research. The Results section presents the results of the conducted experiments, an evaluation of the use of inductive coils in relay protection, an example of calculating the selection of the settings of parameters of resource-saving protection, a presentation of the patent for the invention, and a presentation of the feasibility study of the effectiveness of the considered resource-saving protection on inductive coils. The Conclusions section presents the result of this work, which is the creation of resource-saving protection on inductance coils. The References section presents a list of the sources used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability aspect of the palm oil business strategy is a significant part of dealing with changes in the future. The rest of the processed products that have not been handled perfectly is a form of material loss that reduces income and environmental sustainability. Even though the company has reported and compiled its responsibilities, the actual productivity of the company is much lower because the amount of hidden waste has not been fully considered. This research involves companies introducing material flow cost accounting in tracing and calculating physical resources and financing. This method helps companies to determine the number of negative and positive products as a basis for evaluation for saving resources and reducing environmental impacts through reducing oil losses and increasing yields. This effort will become a competitive advantage and encourage the ability of business actors to increase revenue and reduce waste. Scenarios of improving the quality of fresh fruit bunches, optimizing the sterilization process, and increasing the amount of pulp are adaptive choices in terms of availability and resource capacity. Dissemination of efforts and successes in improving resource efficiency to stakeholders is vital to increasing the value and sustainability of the palm oil business.

The sustainability aspect of the palm oil business strategy is a significant part of dealing with changes in the future. The rest of the processed products that have not been handled perfectly is a form of material loss that reduces income and environmental sustainability. Even though the company has reported and compiled its responsibilities, the actual productivity of the company is much lower because the amount of hidden waste has not been fully considered. This research involves companies introducing material flow cost accounting in tracing and calculating physical resources and financing. This method helps companies to determine the number of negative and positive products as a basis for evaluation for saving resources and reducing environmental impacts through reducing oil losses and increasing yields. This effort will become a competitive advantage and encourage the ability of business actors to increase revenue and reduce waste. Scenarios of improving the quality of fresh fruit bunches, optimizing the sterilization process, and increasing the amount of pulp are adaptive choices in terms of availability and resource capacity. Dissemination of efforts and successes in improving resource efficiency to stakeholders is vital to increasing the value and sustainability of the palm oil business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize efficient cooperation among tea plantations, manufacturers, logistics, and sellers, the tea production and supply chain (PSC) benefits participating enterprises by coordinating tea planting, product processing, transportation, and product sales links. However, the current tea PSC lacks resource-saving automatic control and suffers from the effect of counterfeit tea products and inefficient supervision. To address these problems, in this work, blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are applied to turn the tea PSC around with efficient automation and decentralized supervision. Specifically, we propose DeTea, a blockchain-IoT-empowered decentralized framework, for chain-wide tea counterfeiting supervision and automatic environment management. On the one hand, for the benefit of tea customers, an incentive scheme is designed based on blockchain technology to attract tea PSC participants and decentralized detectors to report dishonest participants, which can motivate the good behaviors of the participating enterprises for a healthier tea market. On the other hand, for the benefit of practitioners of tea products, we realize the automation of environment monitoring and equipment control via IoT technology. Moreover, we design an improved adaptive weighted data fusion algorithm for accurate IoT data and efficient resource allocation, and present an optimal irrigation strategy for automatic plantation environment adjustment. To evaluate the proposed solution, a prototype is implemented by designing a blockchain infrastructure with ten main smart contracts and constructing an IoT-based system sandbox for automatic environment monitoring and resource allocation. Experimental results demonstrate the high throughput of DeTea and the efficiency of resource-saving automation. This work introduces blockchain and IoT technologies to tea PSC for full-process traceability and automatic environment control, which is expected to extend to other agricultural products to ensure the safety, reliability, and efficiency of agricultural traceability systems.

Contents-addressable memory (CAM) is a special memory that searches the input data with the entire pre-loaded database and generates corresponding address information. CAMs are advancing to be a core technology in computer networking systems. As field programmable gate array (FPGA) is recently being used for network acceleration applications, the demand to integrate CAM on FPGA is increasing. FPGA-based CAMs are divided into three categories of implementation: register-based, block RAM (BRAM)- based, and distributed RAM-based CAM. However, they come with a cost of excessive resource usage. Besides, the collision ratio is high in FPGA-based CAMs, leading to data loss and failure to produce accurate addresses. Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM)-based CAMs, benefiting from the features of high density and low price of SDRAM, solve the limitations of FPGA's on-chip resources. This paper proposes a datacollision CAM hardware implementation using modern FPGA's off-chip SDRAM for data storage. The hardware architecture is customized for massive lookup tables and resource-saving. Furthermore, the architecture is parameterized, which is better for integration. The synthesis results and comparisons show significant advancement compared to other FPGA-based CAM implementations by total reduction of on-chip RAM. The novel architecture shows remarkable improvement in the memory depth and width with the capacity of 128 Mbyte lookup table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using fire-damaged wood is one of the efficient and resource-saving approaches to forest conservation. The object of the study is raw wood exposed to fire. The aim of the study is to analyze the mechanical properties of fire-damaged pinewood, the height of the trunk, and determine the possibility of its use as a structural material. Tests were carried out for static bending, compression along the fibers, and tension along the fibers. We performed the tests on samples taken from the lower, middle, and upper parts of the fired wood and compared them with wood that was not exposed to fire. It was established that during a ground and medium fire, the strength properties of wood are most reduced in the apical part of the trunk by 41.80 % compared to wood undamaged by fire. The smallest decrease in strength occurred in the lower part of the tree. It was determined that with sufficiently small damage to wood by fire, i.e., a decrease in the cross-sectional area to 15 %, it can be partially used as a structural material.

Pig farming in mechanically ventilated barns requires much electricity for ventilation or exhaust air purification. Furthermore, thermal energy is needed to fulfill the animals' temperature requirements, especially in piglet rearing. Electrical and thermal energy input leads to CO2 emissions and operating costs. Up to 90% of heat losses are due to the exhausted air. Heat exchangers can recover thermal energy from the warm exhaust air and transfer it to the cold fresh air. This study aimed to investigate energy consumption, efficiency, CO2 emissions, and energy costs when using heat exchangers in a German piglet rearing barn under practical conditions in combination with exhaust air purification. The following parameters were obtained for a two-year period: air temperatures, air flow rates, and electricity and liquefied natural gas consumption; the latter were used to calculate CO2 emissions and energy costs. In total, 576,042 kWhel,th and 616,893 kWhel,th (years 1 and 2) of energy were provided, including 290,414 kWhth and 317,913 kWhth of thermal energy recovered. Using heat exchangers reduced CO2 emissions by up to 37.5% and energy costs by up to 19.7% per year. The study shows that piglet rearing can increase its ecological and environmental sustainability by using heat recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation and harvesting of potatoes is traditionally based on single-machine units, which is accompanied by multiple passes of equipment across the field, an increase in material and labor costs. The article presents the development prospects for the development of multifunctional units with a combined mounted and multithreaded use of engine power. Due to the use of combined units, increased functionality of individual machines that are part of these units, the labor costs of machine operators, field workers in the main and auxiliary operations, as well as the consumption of fuel and lubricants, are significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In difficult economic realities, the primary task in growing crops is to reduce costs in compliance with quality requirements. At the same time, environmental safety issues are becoming more and more obvious. Lack of knowledge or poor technical settings often result in catastrophic consequences due to unreasonable chemicals application and increases emergency risks in agriculture. In this regard, chemical plant protection requires special attention in terms of safety management. The method of strip chemical treatment of crops reduces the effects of chemically hazardous substances on plants, emphasizing the importance and relevance of the research direction. Based on the analysis of production costs for chemical treatment, the shortcomings of serial machines for chemical plant treatment were identified. A technology and technical solution for strip spraying with redistribution of operating solutions to the exposure objects, considering plant growth stage, were proposed. It allowed to accurately adding the active substance to the object, which caused decrease in application rate per hectare, reduction of plant stress, and saving in costs for chemical treatment. Simultaneously, it contributed to the solution of environmental problems by reducing chemical load on soil. This method reduces the risk of emergencies when using chemically hazardous substances in agriculture.

Introduction: Ready-to-administer formulations for intravenous administration of noradrenaline are now broadly recommended and predicted to reduce pressure on critical care nursing. This analysis sought to quantify the nurse resource released from national level transition. Methods: The annual number of noradrenaline support days for hypotensive shock was determined and the administration of noradrenaline was simulated over 24 h using a decision tree. A 'best-practice' ready-to-administer strategy (RtA) of volumetrically pumped noradrenaline was compared to a 'nil uptake' strategy (AfC) of bedside prepared solution delivered either volumetrically or using a double syringe pump. A mix of noradrenaline concentrations, flow rates, product sizes, and preferences for ampoule pooling, preparation volume, and sterility were included. The consumption of nurse days and product units was then projected over 1 year for a population of adults in critical care in England. Results: Noradrenaline was administered over 231,011 days per year across 4123 critical care beds in England. Implementing a transition from AfC to RtA strategies on this scale released 35,791 nurse days or 176 whole-time nurse equivalents at 50/50 NHS band 5 and 6, a monetised release of £11.6 million. There was an increase in drug acquisition cost of £2.1 million using the licensed commercial product Sinora®. Annual net monetary benefit was + £9.5 million, or + £65,961 per critical care unit (CCU) of 29 beds, equivalent to one nurse released per unit for patient care. Conclusions: This modelling of ready-to-administer noradrenaline with volumetric delivery quantifies and bears out the recommendations of the Lord Carter review, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, and the NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service in their encouragement of ready-to-administer formulations for safe and resource-effective critical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With great changes in production requirements, in-service machine tools may be unable to meet new production requirements. Aiming for this problem, a sustainable resource-saving and high-valued recovery approach for in-service machine tools is proposed, which integrates remanufacturing and product-service systems (PSS). In-service machine tool remanufacturing is defined as a new remanufacturing model based on condition monitoring and diagnosis, which is different from traditional used machine tool remanufacturing and new machine tool manufacturing mentioned in the current literature. Procedure framework of in-service machine tool remanufacturing is proposed, including condition monitoring and diagnosis, matching analysis, remanufacturability evaluation and decision-making, identification of potential problems, individualized redesign, disassembly, cleaning, inspection and classification, performance improvement as well as reassembly and inspection. Combining the remanufacturing practice of an in-service heavy-duty horizontal lathe, the comprehensive resource-efficient benefits of in-service machine tool remanufacturing are illustrated. The results show that the proposed remanufacturing model can restore in-service machine tools to like-new or better performance and upgrade their functionality, with great economic and social benefits. For the implementation of this remanufacturing model, an in-depth analysis of the supporting technologies such as condition monitoring and diagnosis, decision-making analysis, etc., should be done in future research to guarantee the production capacities of in-service machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article questions of formation of an innovative life support system of citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of construction of corporate model of management of housing and communal services of municipalities are considered. The detailed analysis is carried out, shortcomings of the existing system of mainly administrative management of comparison to opportunities of new system of economic management of housing and communal services come to light. Importance of observance of parameters of economic security of a life support system of citizens of Russia is emphasized.

The problems of the ekologo-focused logistic development of economy are considered in the article. The arguments proving necessary of creation of the ecological restrictions for economic activity capable to consider interests of the environment and future generations are presented. Possibilities of modification of a conceptual framework, structure of logistic systems taking into account an ecological imperative are shown. The modern concept of the closed logistic system taking into account interests of all economic entities and the environment is submitted. Tasks which need to be solved for implementation of the ekologo-focused logistic management of economy are formulated.

The article substantiates directions and ways of improvement of the system of information provision of the water supply and sewerage enterprises, oriented towards the organizational-economic innovations in the course of implementation of resource saving programs. Tasks of further development of managerial accounting as the basic component of analytical function of management are defined. Priorities as to the order of development of modern mechanism for resource saving are suggested, intellectual capital is allocated as the main factor of influence on the process of enterprise development. It is determined that a significant negative contribution to the aggravation of the problem up to the level, when enterprises fall into the unprofitable mode of activity, which tends to persist for a long time, is made through imperfect methods and mechanisms for management of resource use and resource-saving, and this negativity is then complemented with an imperfect information base, which, first of all, needs to be modernized in the system of management accounting.

This article analyzes the issue of developing ecologically safe technologies for obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions for ensuring the rational use of water resources and reducing the volume of discharges of harmful substances into the environment. The necessity of controlling the depth of electrochemical activation for obtaining ecologically safe industrial water solutions and reducing the energy consumption of this process was substantiated. The ecological advantages of electrochemically activated solutions application were presented as compared to the chemical solutions in the technologies of activated carbon surfaces modification to increase the supercapacitors electrode specific capacitance, preparation of the gypsum plaster mixing water to improve the physicochemical properties of gypsum stone, as well as efficiency of use of disinfectant based on the electrochemically activated water solutions solutions, approbated in the sugar production industry. It was experimentally confirmed that the depth of electrochemical activation significantly affects the efficiency of practical use of activated water solutions. The proposed theoretical models allow prediction of the activation modes for solving specific problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-stage modular solid-state transformer (SST) is a typical SST with a non-trivial start-up process. Specifically, special controls must be used to reduce the inrush current in the DC/DC stage during the start-up process of these SSTs. For the DC/DC stage based on the widely studied single-phase-shift dual active bridge (DAB), no inner-phase-shift control is required in its normal operations. In this case, using the existing inner-phase-shift control to reduce the inrush current increases the PWM channel requirements of microprocessors and the complexity of the control system. To address this problem, this paper proposes a long-dead-time control with easy implementation to reduce the inrush current without introducing additional PWM channel requirements. Fixed-dead-time and varied-dead-time controls are also proposed to reduce the inrush current when restarting three-stage modular SSTs with small cell capacitors without increasing the PWM channel requirements. The varied-dead-time control is faster than the fixed-dead-time one. The magnitude of the DAB current under these controls is calculated, and the overall time for fulfilling the proposed controls is estimated. The simulation and experiment on a 510 V/380 V 500 kW cascaded-full-bridge SST reveal that the proposed controls can effectively reduce the inrush currents during the start-up and restart processes of SSTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the research focus has shifted towards the preparation of non-heavy rare earth (RE)-Fe-B magnets with high coercivity (H cj) by reducing the content of B element. In this work, we achieved resource-saving sintered (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets by adjusting the B element content, optimizing microstructure, and enhancement of Nd/Ce element distribution. We conducted an analysis on the magnetic characteristics, phase composition, microstructure, magnetization reversal mechanism, and economic viability of these sintered magnets. With a decrease in the B element content from 0.96 wt% to 0.90 wt%, there is a increase of approximately 1 kOe in H cj.At the same time, the temperature coefficient of H cj has been improved, resulting in a absolute value decrease from 0.67%/°C to 0.63%/°C. The findings suggested that reducing the mass fraction of B element could facilitate the formation of a thicker grain boundary phase between the grains. It could significantly weaken the ferromagnetic coupling effect, and enhance the magnetic isolation effect between grains, resulting in a higher H cj. From an economic perspective, compared to the cost of magnet with similar coercivity prepared by increasing the RE content, the cost of magnet with low B element content was reduced by 554.4 US$/t , approximately saving 3.08%. This study provides a new theoretical foundation and experimental basis for resource-saving sintered (Nd,Ce)-Fe-B magnet preparation. • By reducing 0.06 wt% B content, the coercivity of the magnet increases by 1 kOe. • Enhanced the coercivity temperature stability of the magnet. • Preparing similar coercivity magnets can save 3.08% of the cost, approximately 4008.4 RMB/t. • Clarified the mechanism of B's influence on coercivity. • It is of great significance for the preparation of resource-saving magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of the ekologo-focused logistic development of economy are considered in the article. The arguments proving necessary of creation of the ecological restrictions for economic activity capable to consider interests of the environment and future generations are presented. Possibilities of modification of a conceptual framework, structure of logistic systems taking into account an ecological imperative are shown. The modern concept of the closed logistic system taking into account interests of all economic entities and the environment is submitted. Tasks which need to be solved for implementation of the ekologo-focused logistic management of economy are formulated.

In article the main world tendencies of development of the production technology of sandy cores and value of this production in complex technology of manufacture of castings are considered. It is established that the most rational way of production technically and economically is manufacture of wafer sandy cores using the Cold-box-amin technology. Scientific, technical, technological and economic aspects of modernization of foundry production of JSC MTZ with complete transition to production of sandy cores on the resource-saving Cold-box-amin technology are provided. The main distinctive feature of this reequipment – all planned works are based on the domestic technological developments and the equipment created in the cooperation by specialists of JSC BELNIILIT and JSC MTZ. Within GNTP essential support to the provided works was given by the state.

The express analysis of statistical data on the general tendencies of development of the Russian economy in 2015, and also the main indicators of activity of the mineral and raw complex (MRC) for this period is carried out. The situation in MRC remains unsatisfactory owing to a variety of reasons among which: insufficient funding of investments into fixed capital and in research and development, deterioration in an environment of production of raw materials, decrease in demand for raw materials, updating of environmental problems. Besides, rates of works on diversification of branches and to the solution of innovative tasks are insufficient MRC. The effective organization of an initial stage of geological researches for ensuring reproduction of mineral resources, and also preliminary preparation of development of production of prototypes of the corresponding equipment is necessary.

Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output акщь 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days.

Highlights • Adding CBPB waste reduces the strength of bending and compressing of cement samples. • Adding CBPB waste reduces sample density and increases water demand. • When using CBPB filler, use modifying additives to compensate for loss of strength. • When replacing 50% of sand with CBPB waste, the strength is reduced by 30%. Abstract The possibility of the use of waste products of cement bonded particle board (CBPB) as an additive in sand-cement composites is under analysis. Compressive strength and bending strength, flow of water for mixing of mixture and density of samples depending on mixture factors of solid phase have been examined for various compositions of fine-grained concretes prepared in accordance with the simplex-lattice design of the experiment. Mathematical models have been constructed for practical purposes related to the utilization of CBPB waste products and the enhancement of the properties of the resulting cement composites. The best ratio of the mixture components have been determined through the use of these mathematical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that we are living through a period when political institutions are out of step with dramatic, economic and social changes. In similar periods in the past, war has often played a key restructuring role. But contemporary wars are much less likely to achieve this. The main agents of change are social movements and new forms of communication. The article concludes that we need new forms of global governance and some critical rethinking of academic discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of its rapid economic development, China is faced with serious issues of resource shortage and environmental pollution. This paper is aimed at exploring the issues of resource shortage and environmental pollution in Chinese cities by means of efficiency evaluation. Through the Super-efficiency general directional distance function (GDDF) model, this paper calculates the urban efficiencies of resource-saving (UERS) of 197 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2015. Furthermore, considering the environmental problems, it applies the Super-efficiency GDDF model with undesirable outputs, and accesses the urban efficiencies containing environmental factors (UEEF). The empirical results are listed as follows. (1) Most of the Chinese cities exhibited comparatively low UERS and UEEF, indicating great potential for the reduction of resource consumption and environmental pollution; (2) Those groups with higher levels of resource-saving efficiency tend to have poorer environmental efficiency. This means that many cities achieve good economic performance at the expense of the environment; (3) In order to realize the sustainable economic and social development, we should not only save resources, but also reduce the emission of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trust computing mechanism has an increasing role in the cooperative work of wireless sensor networks. However, the computing speed, resource overhead, and anti-collaborative attack ability of a trust mechanism itself are three key challenging issues for any open and resource-constrained wireless sensor networks. In this study, we propose a fast, resource-saving, and anti-collaborative attack trust computing scheme (FRAT) based on across-validation mechanism for clustered wireless sensor networks. First, according to the inherent relationship among three network entities (which are made up of three types of network nodes, namely base stations, cluster heads, and cluster members), we propose the cross-validation mechanism, which is effective and reliable against collaborative attacks caused by malicious nodes. Then, we adopt a fast and resource-saving trust computing scheme for cooperation between between cluster heads or cluster members. This scheme is suitable for wireless sensor networks because it facilitates resource-saving. Through theoretical analysis and experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of the trust computing scheme proposed in this study are verified.

In the article, the methodical bases of management by the integrated industrial enterprises is developed according to the indicators of sustainable economic development of the region. The scope of the research is the region as the difficult mesosystem consisting of logistic clusters. The subject matter of the research is the organizational and economic relations developing in the course of interaction of participants of the regional economy as mesosystems. The models and methods of management by the large economic systems in the economy of the industrially developed region are developed; the organizational and economic essence of a logistic cluster as the subject of the regional economy us revealed. The mechanism of management by the integrated enterprises with using the cluster approach, technologies of logistics, management of supply chains is offered. They allow to the management of an enterprises to make scientifically reasonable effective decisions developing programs of supply, economic production and realization of finished goods in the close connection with programs of regional economic development.

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The article analises concepts of “green economy”, “stable development” and “planting of greenery”. It formulates author’s own definition of “green economy”, which is characterised by means of economic relations between subjects of economic activity. It studies the share of the “green economy” in the structure of the world GDP. It uses empiric analysis for specifying the role of “green economy” in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the national economy. It proves that the primary and secondary sectors require most radical changes in the direction of planting of greenery at production sites, since namely here products for satisfaction of needs are created. It allocates the tertiary sector as a connecting link between the primary and secondary sectors, which ensures realisation of the “green economy” concept. It shows the necessity of development of the national economy in the direction of “planting of greenery”, which would result in minimisation of structural disproportions and stable development.В статье проанализированы концепции «зеленой экономики», «устойчивого развития», «озеленения». Сформулировано авторское определение «зеленой экономики», которая характеризуется посредством экономических отношений между субъектами хозяйственной деятельности. Исследована доля «зеленой экономики» в структуре мирового ВВП. На основе эмпирического анализа выделена роль «зеленой экономики» в первичном, вторичном и третичном секторах национальной экономики. Доказано, что первичный и вторичный сектор требуют наибольших радикальных изменений в направлении озеленения производства, поскольку именно здесь создаются продукты для удовлетворения потребностей. Выделен третичный сектор как соединяющее звено между первичным и вторичным секторами, который обеспечивает реализацию концепции «зеленая экономика». Показана необходимость развития национальной экономики в направлении «озеленения», что приведет к минимизации структурных диспропорций и устойчивому развитию.

The article is devoted to the formation of an effective resource-saving model, which allows reducing the company's expenses. The classification of resource-saving indicators is considered. The results of the implementation of the resourcesaving model and its improvement are analyzed. The stages of justifying the effectiveness of resource saving measures are considered. Listed goals using resource-saving models and analyzes the effect of its implementation. Factors influence the efficiency of resource conservation measures. We consider management mechanism components of the model and the generated implementation process model resource in the enterprise. The current stage of economic development characterized by updating the introduction of new resource assets through complex solutions to technical, economic and social problems through resource-saving models in all sectors of the national economy. Progressive development of industrial enterprises is a key to economic growth in the economic sector of the country that needs a new approach that is based on modernization. Problems industry enterprises are different - that irrational use all kinds of enterprise resources, and even to the whole industry. In order to solve the serious issues the data necessary to introduce measures in the form of resource models allow advisable to manage enterprise resources. The main purpose of the study is to develop resource-saving model and its improvement to ensure resource efficiency of production through economic and moral incentives. Modern economic development industry mostly points to the following pattern: intensified trend to higher prices, most of the limited production resources, increasing competition, which entails complications of enterprises. Therefore, to address such issues should implement basic directions to reduce costs enterprise the implementation of resource-saving models. The introduction of the enterprise resource-saving model requires consideration of all possible ways and means of groups that provide savings of inputs. To assess the financial performance measures implementing enterprise resource to a first approximation and for the analysis of short-term consequences appropriate to apply specific methodological apparatus reduced costs, unless the market products that the company produces are competitive. If we consider the long term effects of the program resource, then it is necessary to use the methodology for calculating the net present value. Resource at the manufacturing plant is early detection and meaningful impact on the factors increasing the speed of consumption of material, labor and financial resources in their operation. One approach to the assessment of efficiency of a certain type of enterprise resources construction performance evaluation as the ratio of the actual operating profits of the enterprise to its size such that the company can get if it reaches the maximum possible efficiency of this type of resources. Implementation of effective resourcesaving model the company has a set of measures to ensure a balance between work outcomes, characterized by rising productivity, rational use of resources and their savings on the one hand and the increase in the volume of products (works, services), on the other. The process of establishing this model, the company must: include increasing the material interest of workers in the growth of labor efficiency, reducing unit costs through efficient use of resources; allow to keep a clear record of labor and material costs in the manufacturing process, taking measures of technical, organizational and economic (the use of new techniques and technologies, automation, organization of labor and production, improve staff development and motivation of their et al.); provide increased productivity and economic benefits in the form of income (profit). Implementation of these provisions will create qualitatively new effective system of resource saving the company. Thus, the development and implementation of programs resource in industrial a complex task with many alternatives addressing differing scope, content, timing and other implementation options. Theoretical Foundations rationale for the implementation of the transition on resource-type of its production process developed in this work, including the proposed methods of grouping attributes resource-type enterprise development and management of resource and introduced new features of the classification of factors affecting the efficiency of these measures make it possible to better understand the nature of the various alternatives resource-type of commercial enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]