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Introduction: Vascular malignancies are categorized into benign hemangiomas, malignant angiosarcomas, and tumors of intermediate malignancy. Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is one of the rare diagnoses belonging to the class of intermediate malignancies that was initially diagnosed. Case Presentation: In this case report, we have reported a rare case of RH, a locally aggressive, vascular tumor of malignant potential presenting at an unusual site. The most observed locations of this soft tissue tumor are skin and subcutaneous tissues of extremities; however, this case of RH was observed in an unusual site called pleura, which is a rare occurrence related to this tumor. The presence of cell surface markers like CD31 and ERG of vascular and endothelial origin and the presence of hobnail appearance of endothelial channels on the biopsy profile supported the vascular origin of the tumor; the clinical features and imaging studies further confirmed the diagnosis of RH. Conclusion: In this case report, a rare case of RH with an unusual site of origin was highlighted. RH is a vascular neoplasm; commonly observed sites of this vascular tumor were skin and subcutaneous tissue of the extremities; however, in this case, the site was unusually different, which was the pleura of the left lung.

Introduction: Vascular malignancies are categorized into benign hemangiomas, malignant angiosarcomas, and tumors of intermediate malignancy. Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is one of the rare diagnoses belonging to the class of intermediate malignancies that was initially diagnosed. Case Presentation: In this case report, we have reported a rare case of RH, a locally aggressive, vascular tumor of malignant potential presenting at an unusual site. The most observed locations of this soft tissue tumor are skin and subcutaneous tissues of extremities; however, this case of RH was observed in an unusual site called pleura, which is a rare occurrence related to this tumor. The presence of cell surface markers like CD31 and ERG of vascular and endothelial origin and the presence of hobnail appearance of endothelial channels on the biopsy profile supported the vascular origin of the tumor; the clinical features and imaging studies further confirmed the diagnosis of RH. Conclusion: In this case report, a rare case of RH with an unusual site of origin was highlighted. RH is a vascular neoplasm; commonly observed sites of this vascular tumor were skin and subcutaneous tissue of the extremities; however, in this case, the site was unusually different, which was the pleura of the left lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm of intermediate malignant potential. It is composed of a mixture of vascular tumors with a predilection for the dermis and subcutis of the extremities. Case Description: In this report, we describe a 41-year-old man who presented with a 2-month history of headache, dizziness, and intermittent seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hemorrhagic, multilobulated, and dural-based mass with extension into the calvarium. The mass measured 10.3 × 4.8 × 4 cm along the interhemispheric fissure and encased the superior sagittal sinus. Excision was performed, and histopathologic examination revealed a heterogeneous mixture of vascular components consisting of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, and hemangioma. This is the first report of a primary intracranial CHE. Conclusion: The spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms within the cranium expands to encompass CHE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare, intermediate-grade vascular tumor that often arises in the trunk and extremities. The clinical and radiological features of RH remain largely unknown. Case presentation A male patient in his 70s presented with shortness of breath on exertion, and computed tomography incidentally revealed a tumor in his right breast. Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed moderate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the tumor. RH was observed in the resected specimens. Three months after surgery, the patient was free of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Conclusions RH was found in the male breast and was accompanied by FDG uptake on PET. PET may be useful in diagnosing RH. Although metastasis is rare in RH, local recurrence may occur, and careful follow-up is required.

Background: Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare, intermediate-grade vascular tumor that often arises in the trunk and extremities. The clinical and radiological features of RH remain largely unknown. Case presentation: A male patient in his 70s presented with shortness of breath on exertion, and computed tomography incidentally revealed a tumor in his right breast. Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed moderate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the tumor. RH was observed in the resected specimens. Three months after surgery, the patient was free of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Conclusions: RH was found in the male breast and was accompanied by FDG uptake on PET. PET may be useful in diagnosing RH. Although metastasis is rare in RH, local recurrence may occur, and careful follow-up is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare vascular neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential mostly occurring in extremities. It is important to differentiate this neoplasm from malignant conditions as RH has a good prognosis. As it has a tendency to recur locally, it may be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. Herein, we report a rare case of RH occurring in the medial canthus.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare vascular neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential mostly occurring in extremities. It is important to differentiate this neoplasm from malignant conditions as RH has a good prognosis. As it has a tendency to recur locally, it may be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. Herein, we report a rare case of RH occurring in the medial canthus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To report a rare case of retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) originated from the vulva and review the relative references. Case: A 38-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a vulvar subcutaneous nodule (diameter about 2 cm) for 2 years. The clinical examination findings, laboratory test results, including complete blood count and liver function test results were normal. The B mode ultrasound revealed that a hypoechoic nodule with a clear boundary was observed on the right side of the vulva. The size was measured to be 23 mm × 8 mm. An expanded resection with the excision range extending 1 cm and the depth reaching the fascia was performed. The histologic examination revealed that the elongated, arborizing, thin-walled vessels were abundant on the tumor, the inner wall of the vessels was arranged with monolayer cells with uniform morphology. Local infiltration of lymphocyte has been found around the vessels. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the endothelial cells were CD31, CD34 and friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) positive, the smooth muscle actin (SMA) was scattered positive, further confirming the diagnosis of RH. The patient was followed up for 15 months, no local recurrence was found. Conclusions: Vulvar region is the rare affected region of RH, which is lack of characteristic findings in clinical examinations and laboratory tests. The pathology and immunohistochemistry are necessary for the diagnosis of vulvar RH. Local expanded resection of tumor may be an effective method for the treatment of early-stage RH to reduce the risk of local recurrence.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare intermediate (locally aggressive) vascular tumor that mostly affects the dermis of the trunk and limbs, but has never been reported in the inferior turbinate. A 10-year-old Chinese boy presented with recurrent epistaxis in his left nasal cavity and anemia for more than 2 years. Radiographic and electronic video laryngoscopic images showed an expansile mass in the left inferior turbinate. Endoscopic surgery and electrocautery were performed to resect the tumor beyond the macroscopic border. Histopathologically, the tissues were infiltrated by hyperplastic blood vessels arranged in a retiform pattern, and endothelial cells proliferate significantly in some areas. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive result for CD31, CD34, Fli-1, and ERG. No epistaxis, tumor recurrence, or metastasis was found on reexamination over 18 months after surgery., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The term "hemangioendothelioma" is used for endothelial neoplasms of intermediate malignancy and describes a group of rare neoplasms having biologic behavior falling in between that of the benign hemangiomas and fully malignant angiosarcomas. The hemangioendotheliomas fall into several specific, clinicopathologically and genetically distinct entities, specifically epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma and retiform hemangioendothelioma (hobnailed hemangioendothelioma), pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, composite hemangioendothelioma, and YAP1::TFE3-fused hemangioendothelioma. The clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features, and the differential diagnosis of each of these rare entities are discussed in this review., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Retiform hemangioendothelioma is a locally aggressive, rarely metastasizing, low-grade angiosarcoma characterized by intercommunicating vascular channels lined by hobnail or cuboidal endothelial cells, flanked by lymphocyte and hyaline sclerosis. Neoplastic endothelial cells usually express von Willebrand factor, CD31 and CD34, while the lymphocytic infiltrate shows a mixture of CD3+, T and CD20+ B cells. The authors describe a case of a 76-year-old female who presented with a soft, painless, ill-defined mass measuring 9 cm in her right gluteal region for the past 15 years, clinically suggestive of a lipoma. There was no regional lymphadenopathy. The mass was resected and sent for histopathological examination. The slow-growing lesion and the typical histomorphology led to the diagnosis of retiform hemangioendothelioma. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using CD34 antibody, which strongly stained the endothelial cells. The patient was followed up for 6 months after the surgery and no recurrence was noted.

Composite hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor morphologically comprising several distinct vascular components and exhibits a borderline malignant potential. We described the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with an infiltrative mass in the paravertebral soft tissue. The tumor showed discrete nests of synaptophysin-expressing epithelioid cells accompanied by rich vasculature, features highly reminiscent of sympathetic paraganglioma. Further analysis revealed areas resembling spindle cell hemangioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, cavernous hemangioma/lymphangioma, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma without the myxohyaline matrix in the tumor, and a final diagnosis of composite hemangioendothelioma with synaptophysin expression was made. Critical appraisal of this recently described entity and its possible pathogenic relationship with retiform hemangioendothelioma were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a retrospective review of 11 eyes undergoing eye wall resection between October 1998 and October 2009. The median age of 11 patients was 29 years. Decreased vision (eight) was the most common presenting symptom. Ciliary body medulloepithelioma was the most common clinical diagnosis (six). Medulloepithelioma was the most common histopathological diagnosis (four). The duration of follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 67 months (median 11 months). Three eyes needed to be enucleated in the postoperative period (margin involvement two eyes, recurrence one eye). Postoperative complications among others included retinal detachment (three), vitreous hemorrhage (three), cataract (two), and suprachoroidal hemorrhage (two). To conclude, prognosis of this procedure continues to be guarded needing close postoperative follow-up.

Many systemic antimicrobials have been implicated to cause ocular adverse effects. This is especially relevant in multidrug therapy where more than one drug can cause a similar ocular adverse effect. We describe a case of progressive loss of vision associated with linezolid therapy. A 45-year-old male patient who was on treatment with multiple second-line anti-tuberculous drugs including linezolid and ethambutol for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) presented to us with painless progressive loss of vision in both eyes. Color vision was defective and fundus examination revealed optic disc edema in both eyes. Ethambutol-induced toxic optic neuropathy was suspected and tablet ethambutol was withdrawn. Deterioration of vision occurred despite withdrawal of ethambutol. Discontinuation of linezolid resulted in marked improvement of vision. Our report emphasizes the need for monitoring of visual function in patients on long-term linezolid treatment.

Introduction : Minimal access surgery is common in all fields of medicine. We compared a new minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) approach with a standard paralimbal strabismus surgery (SPSS) approach in terms of post-operative course. Materials and Methods: This parallel design study was done on 28 eyes of 14 patients, in which one eye was randomized to MISS and the other to SPSS. MISS was performed by giving two conjunctival incisions parallel to the horizontal rectus muscles; performing recession or resection below the conjunctival strip so obtained. We compared post-operative redness, congestion, chemosis, foreign body sensation (FBS), and drop intolerance (DI) on a graded scale of 0 to 3 on post-operative day 1, at 2-3 weeks, and 6 weeks. In addition, all scores were added to obtain a total inflammatory score (TIS). Statistical Analysis: Inflammatory scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon′s signed rank test. Results: On the first post-operative day, only FBS (P = 0.01) and TIS (P = 0.04) showed significant difference favoring MISS. At 2-3 weeks, redness (P = 0.04), congestion (P = 0.04), FBS (P = 0.02), and TIS (P = 0.04) were significantly less in MISS eye. At 6 weeks, only redness (P = 0.04) and TIS (P = 0.05) were significantly less. Conclusion: MISS is more comfortable in the immediate post-operative period and provides better cosmesis in the intermediate period.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma ( RH) is a rare vascular neoplasm with a high rate of local recurrence and low metastatic potential. We describe an unusual case of RH in a 45-year-old patient with Milroy disease, with a prominent solid component diffusely involving a chronic lymphedematous leg. This case is consistent with the postulated relationship between lymphedema and vascular neoplasms developing as a result of local immune dysfunction, and highlights the need to closely monitor patients with Milroy disease for pathologic changes. Our case highlights a unique example of RH with atypical features. There are several noteworthy unusual clinical and histologic findings including diffuse involvement of an entire limb, solid component with cytologic atypia, D2-40 expression, and first-time-reported association with Milroy disease. Given the atypical histologic presentation of cytologic atypia, solid areas and atypical immunohistochemical profile with D2-40 positivity, this case could cause diagnostic difficulty, especially in the setting of such a broad clinical differential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a distinct entity in the spectrum of vascular tumors with a high local recurrence rate. It is considered a low-grade, well-differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma with low metastatic potential. We report here for the first time a case of medial canthus recurrent RH. It may be helpful in our practice to include RH as a differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions. It is noteworthy that the progressive course and recurrence tendency of RH might be misdiagnosed as angiosarcoma or basal cell carcinoma (BCC), if not expected and carefully evaluated by the pathologist.

A case of horseshoe-shaped macular tear after blunt trauma with the course of the tear and the relevant findings obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is described. A 21-year-old man who had suffered blunt trauma 5 days previously visited our clinic complaining of vision loss in his left eye. Ophthalmic examination and SD-OCT images revealed a horseshoe-shaped macular tear. A month later at the second visit, the macular tear was found to have spontaneously closed. There have been many cases reported previously of the spontaneous closure of traumatic macular holes. A horseshoe-shaped macular tear is an atypical clinical presentation. However, the mechanism of spontaneous closure is hypothetically as same as that for a macular hole. High-resolution images and three-dimensional maps taken with SD-OCT can provide more details on macular diseases and are more useful than time-domain OCT images.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is a rare hereditary retinal disease characterized by a tangential splitting of the neurosensory retina which may cause early-onset visual impairment. Existence of the retinal neurosensory layer splitting on cross-sectional images of optical coherance tomography (OCT) and the absence of leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA) help confirming the diagnosis. Such diagnostic tests are also helpful in determining the management of the disease. However, most of the retinoschisis cavities remain stable and rarely extend to the posterior pole, many authors suggest laser prophylaxis to avoid the potential risk of retinal detachment due to holes in the outer retinal layer. Herein, we report a case with bilateral foveal retinoschisis accompanying unilateral peripheral retinoschisis who was evaluated with detailed ophthalmologic examination. Visual acuity, fundoscopy, OCT, and FA remained stable in the second year of follow-up after prophylactic argon laser treatment.

Perioperative visual loss (POVL), a rare but devastating complication, has been reported after spine, cardiac, and head-neck surgeries.The various causes include ischemic optic neuropathy, central or branch retinal artery occlusion, and cortical blindness. The contributory factors described are microvascular diseases and intraoperative hemodynamic compromise. However, the exact association of these factors with post-operative blindness has not yet been confirmed. A case of POVL with caesarian section surgery is being presented. The visual loss occurred due to a combined occlusion of central retinal artery and vein.The causes, presentation, and risk factors of POVL after non-ocular surgery are being discussed.

Cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the HACEK (Haemophilus sp., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, C. hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae) group commonly associated with endocarditits and is normally present in the respiratory tract. We describe the first case of acute dacryocystitis with lacrimal abscess caused by C. hominis along with a brief review of the literature. The patient responded to oral and topical ciprofloxacin after incision and drainage and awaits dacryocystorhinostomy.

Sphenoid sinus mucocele comprises only 2% of all paranasal sinus mucoceles. In literature, there is a case report on sphenoidal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy, with unilateral partial recovery and cranial nerve palsy, but we did not come across any literature with bilateral optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia together caused by spheno-ethmoidal mucocele. We present such a rare case of spheno-ethmoidal mucocele causing bilateral optic neuropathy and unilateral sixth nerve palsy who had postsurgery, unilateral good vision recovery, and complete resolution of sixth nerve palsy.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare low-grade variant of angiosarcoma mostly reported on dermis or subcutaneously. A 30-year-old woman suffering from dry cough, dyspnea and pleural effusion has been described. Distinctive symptoms and lesions on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan and common histological, immunological feature are discussed. Diagnosis was made by thoracoscopy as RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is an extremely rare and distinct variant of low-grade, well-differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma seen in young adults and is characterized by a high recurrence rate, but low metastatic potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the congenital RH. The lesion was treated by wide surgical resection. Biopsy revealed RH. We herein describe a congenital case of this rare vascular tumor, arising on the left foot, which was diagnosed when the patient was 21 years old. Results and Conclusions: There was no recurrence or lymph node metastasis during a follow-up period of 6 months. The authors expand the concept of RH by adding a congenital case.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is an uncommon vascular neoplasm of borderline malignancy that clinically develops as a solitary, gradually enlarging exophytic mass, nodule or plaque, most often on the lower limbs, upper limbs and trunk. Clinical recognition of RH is troublesome because of its non-specific appearance, with differential diagnosis comprising a variety of benign and malignant tumors clinically presenting as reddish nodules. In this article we describe the clinical, dermoscopic and histopathologic findings in a case of RH developing on the flank of a 26-year-old woman, and discuss the possible role of dermoscopy in facilitating the clinical recognition of this rare tumor.

We report a case of high-altitude retinopathy with increased choroidal thickness detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A 36-year-old Japanese man developed an acute vision decrease in his left eye after he had trekked at an altitude of 4600 m in Tibet for 1 week. His visual acuity was 20/20 OD and 20/200 OS with refractive errors of − 0.25 diopters (D) OD and − 0.50 D OS 3 weeks after the onset of the visual decrease. Funduscopic examinations revealed multiple intraretinal hemorrhages bilaterally and a macular hemorrhage in the left eye. SD-OCT showed that the thickness of choroidal layer at the fovea was 530 μm OD and 490 μm OS which is thicker than that in normal subjects of approximately 300 μm. We suggest that the increase in the retinal blood flow under hypoxic conditions may be associated with an increase in the choroidal blood flow resulting in an increase in choroidal thickness.

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that rarely occurs in the periorbital region. We report what we believe to be the first case of periorbital NF associated with pregnancy. A case of intravascular fasciitis, a NF variant, has been reported during pregnancy, but it was not located in the periorbital region. A weak presence of estrogen receptors has been reported in NF. This may make it more susceptible to the hormone-related changes during pregnancy and contribute to the development of the lesion by stimulating fibroblasts and smooth muscle cell types. Although rare, NF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of periorbital soft-tissue masses arising during pregnancy.

A 13-year-old child presenting with gross visual impairment was diagnosed as a case of optic atrophy. However, radiological investigations revealed osteopetrosis, which, though rare, can result in optic atrophy. The aim of this case report is to highlight this possibility while evaluating cases of optic atrophy in young patients.

A patient underwent successful vitrectomy for macular epiretinal membrane with anatomical and functional improvement. 10 weeks later, there was a recurrence of macular edema with corresponding visual decline. An intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide not only restored the macular anatomy but also improved the visual outcome beyond that achieved after surgery.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma is recently defined, a distinctive variant of low-grade angiosarcoma of the skin. It has a potential of high local recurrence but low distant metastasis. Because there have been no tumor-related deaths and only two case of regional lymph node metastasis; wide surgical excision is the most suggested treatment method. We document a case of retiform hemangioendothelioma that is originated from the capillary malformation of the left arm skin of an 8 -year-old girl. Our case is discussed in the background of previously reported cases concerning retiform hemangioendothelioma in English-written literature. As far we know this is the first case of the retiform hemangioendothelioma originating from the capillary malformation and she is the youngest case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is low grade tumor of skin and subcutaneous tissue. It needs to be differentiated from angiosarcoma as RH has excellent prognosis. It is usually seen in young adults on extremities. Sometimes it may mimic benign conditions and can delay treatment. Surgery has been mainstay of its treatment with or without adjuvant radiation. We present first case of RH on face. This is only second case being treated with definitive chemoradiation. So it's important to distinguish RH from angiosarcoma due to treatment implications as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]