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Background. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Habit Reversal Training on Anxiety, Quality of life and Symptoms of Trichotillomania patients. This quasi experimental study was designed with pretest-posttest and control group. Methods. The statistical population consisted of all female patients with trichotillomania disorder referring to the Mashhad medical clinics. A sample of 24 subjects had criteria for entering the research, were available selected and matched from age, educational status, not suffering from acute physical and mental disorder and other criteria considered in this research. Then randomly divided into two experimental (12) and control (12) groups. The experimental administered habit reversal training with cognitive behavior therapy for 8 sessions of 1 hour, while the control group did not receive such training. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA & MANCOVA test using SPSS-21. Results. The results showed that habit reversal training had a significant positive effect on quality of life, anxiety and symptoms of trichotillomania in experimental group in comparison with pretest and control group (P

Background. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Habit Reversal Training on Anxiety, Quality of life and Symptoms of Trichotillomania patients. This quasi experimental study was designed with pretest-posttest and control group. Methods. The statistical population consisted of all female patients with trichotillomania disorder referring to the Mashhad medical clinics. A sample of 24 subjects had criteria for entering the research, were available selected and matched from age, educational status, not suffering from acute physical and mental disorder and other criteria considered in this research. Then randomly divided into two experimental (12) and control (12) groups. The experimental administered habit reversal training with cognitive behavior therapy for 8 sessions of 1 hour, while the control group did not receive such training. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA & MANCOVA test using SPSS-21. Results. The results showed that habit reversal training had a significant positive effect on quality of life, anxiety and symptoms of trichotillomania in experimental group in comparison with pretest and control group (P<0.001), so that the experimental group showed less symptoms of trichotillomania after the intervention and showed higher quality of life. Conclusion. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that habit reversal training has a positive effect on quality of life and symptoms of trichotillomania of patients with trichotillomania. Therefore, habit reversal training may be considered as one of the main treatments for this disorder. Practical Implications. Patients with Trichotillomania (TTM) have a high level of stress, which is often alleviated by the habit of hair loss. Cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with Trichotillomania (TTM). Cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal has a positive effect on symptoms of patients with Trichotillomania (TTM). The use of cognitive-behavioral with habit reversal interventions to strengthen the will of Trichotillomania (TTM) patients with drug therapy is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study examined the effect of both separate and combined depletion of brain somatostatin and serotonin on acquisition of the water maze (WM) task. Naïve male Long-Evans rats received injections of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 500mg/kg×2) to deplete serotonin or cysteamine (90 or 200mg/kg) to deplete somatostatin, or both treatments prior to spatial and reversal training in the water maze. Some rats first received Morris’ nonspatial pretraining to train them in the behavioral strategies that are required for successful spatial place learning in this task, prior to drug treatment and spatial training. A detailed behavioral analysis indicated that somatostatin or serotonin depletion alone caused little or no impairment in naïve animals. Depletion of both somatostatin and serotonin in naïve rats impaired performance, with differences in the impairments that depended on the dose of cysteamine. Nonspatially pretrained rats were not impaired. Thus, neither somatostatin nor serotonin alone is crucial for the water maze task, but impairments occur if both somatostatin and serotonin are depleted in naïve rats. The results indicate that some of the performance impairment was due to strategies impairment rather than a spatial place learning impairment. Depletion of both somatostatin and serotonin in naïve rats produces results comparable to the spatial navigation deficits seen in some Alzheimer patients and suggests that combinations of antagonist treatments may better model this disorder than single antagonist treatments do. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Prenatal ethanol exposure can lead to long-lasting impairments in the ability of rats to process spatial information, as well as produce long-lasting deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP), a biological model of learning and memory processing. The present study aimed to examine the sexually dimorphic effects of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure (CPEE) on behavior cognition and synaptic plasticity balance (SPB), and tried to understand a possible mechanism by evaluating the alternation of SPB. The animal model was produced by ethanol exposure throughout gestational period with 4 g/kg bodyweight. Offspring of both male and female were selected and studied on postnatal days 36. Subsequently, the data showed that chronic ethanol exposure resulted in birth weight reduction, losing bodyweight gain, microcephaly and hippocampus weight retardation. In Morris water maze (MWM) test, escape latencies were significantly higher in CPEE-treated rats than that in control ones. They also spent much less time in the target quadrant compared to that of control animals in the probe phase. In addition, it was found that there was a more severe impairment in females than that in males after CPEE treatment. Electrophysiological studies showed that CPEE considerably inhibited hippocampal LTP and facilitated depotentiation in males, while significantly enhanced LTP and suppressed depotentiation in females. A novel index, developed by us, showed that the action of CPEE on SPB was more sensitive in females than that in males, suggesting that it might be an effective index to distinguish the difference of SPB impairment between males and females., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)