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L'augmentation de troponine hors contexte de syndrome coronarien aigu représente une réalité au quotidien et concerne 40 % des demandes de dosage des services d'urgences. Dans l'infarctus du myocarde (IDM), l'augmentation de la troponine cardiaque est liée à la nécrose des cardiomyocytes. Mais toute lésion des cardiomyocytes, réversible ou irréversible, peut s'accompagner d'une augmentation de troponine cardiaque. Il convient de savoir distinguer les causes sans réel impact délétère, comme l'exercice physique intense, des nombreuses causes pathologiques où la valeur élevée de troponine cardiaque constitue un facteur pronostique : insuffisance rénale, embolie pulmonaire, sepsis, chirurgie non cardiaque. La particularité de l'augmentation de la seule troponine T cardiaque dans différentes atteintes musculaires semble de plus en plus fréquente et amène à s'interroger sur la nécessité de disposer du dosage à la fois de troponine T cardiaque et de troponine I cardiaque. Apart from acute coronary syndrome, increased troponin represents 40 % of requests. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the increase in cardiac troponin is linked to cardiomyocyte necrosis. But any reversible or irreversible cardiomyocyte injury can be accompanied with an increase in cardiac troponin. It is important to know how to distinguish causes without any real deleterious -impact, such as intense physical exercise, from the numerous pathological causes where the high value of cardiac troponin constitutes a prognostic factor : renal failure, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, non-cardiac surgery. The increase in cardiac troponin T alone in various muscular disorders seems more and more frequent and leads us to question the necessity of having the dosage of both cardiac troponin T and cardiac troponin l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the problem of risk, with a focus on environmental and climate issues in the context of late modernity. It focuses on how organisations, especially in the oil sector, address environmental controversies through communication strategies and legitimation narratives, emphasising sustainability to reinforce their social commitment. The study focuses on the Brazilian oil company Petrobras, known for its environmental impact and controversies, especially leaks and accidents. The article explores how Petrobras officially communicates about environmental risks, using sustainability reports as a legitimisation strategy in relation to ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) standards. The methodology adopted is reflexive and critical, based on an analysis of Petrobras' sustainability reports over the last ten years (2012-2022). Petrobras was founded in Brazil in 1953, its origins date back to the search for economic independence in the energy sector and, during its almost sixty years of existence, the organization has gained international recognition in the oil and derivatives sector (Santos, 2021), but has also been at the center of several controversies, especially for the numerous leaks, disasters and environmental accidents (Santos et al., 2012). In this context, ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) highlights the importance of environmental, social and governance factors in financial markets throughout the global sphere. ESG rankings are also known as sustainability rankings or corporate social responsibility ratings. In this regard, the relevance of ESG reports has increased in recent years as they are linked to practices that strengthen sustainable economic development. However, organizations with simpler business models and proportionally lower impacts can measure a small number of relevant factors in terms of socio-environmental risks and opportunities. As the complexity of the business increases, the metric used should become more sophisticated to ensure that the measurement is as close as possible to the real impact. Those with a higher risk in relation to biodiversity loss, for example, are configured as a higher market risk, have lower liquidity in their shares and have an impact on financial institutions, causing instability in a country's economy and financial system if its governance is "weak" (Jacobi, 2012). These organizations must seek tools to combat biodiversity loss by mapping risks and for this, they require strategic organizational communication (Kunsch, 2016). In this sense, we are interested here in observing the approach to environmental risk officially communicated by Petrobras, since the oil sector corresponds to one of the segments with the highest rates of environmental pollution / contamination and the way in which these organizations build their reports on their practices in favor of sustainable development becomes, nowadays, important strategies of social legitimation focused on ESG standards. To do this, the methodology adopts a reflexive and critical perspective, based on bibliographic and documentary research, whose analytical corpus focuses on Petrobras' sustainability reports of the last ten years. Our research objective being "to analyze the official construction of the organizational narrative (Santos, 2022) on the approach to environmental risk by the Brazilian company. From the preliminary analysis of Petrobras' sustainability reports, from 2012 to 2022, we observe an approach that tends to "naturalize" and "relativize" the risk and to emphasize, above all, the measures taken by the organization to "control" it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le jeu libre est essentiel pour le développement de l'enfant, de même que pour sa santé physique, mentale et sociale. Les occasions de se livrer au jeu libre extérieur, et au jeu risqué en particulier, ont considérablement diminué ces dernières années, en partie parce que les mesures de sécurité ont visé à prévenir toutes les blessures liées aux jeux plutôt que seulement les blessures graves et fatales. Le jeu risqué désigne des formes passionnantes et stimulantes de jeu libre dont l'issue est incertaine et qui comportent une possibilité de blessure physique. Les promoteurs du jeu risqué distinguent le « risque » du « danger » et aspirent à recadrer la perception du risque pour qu'il devienne une occasion d'évaluer une situation et de favoriser le développement personnel. Dans le présent document de principes, les auteures soupèsent le fardeau des blessures liées au jeu par rapport aux données probantes en appui au jeu risqué, notamment les avantages, les risques et les nuances, qui peuvent varier en fonction de l'étape de développement de l'enfant, de ses aptitudes et du contexte social et médical. Elles proposent des approches pour promouvoir des échanges ouverts et constructifs avec les familles et les organisations. Les pédiatres sont invités à percevoir le jeu risqué extérieur comme un moyen de contribuer à prévenir et à gérer des problèmes de santé courants tels que l'obésité, l'anxiété et les problèmes de comportement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present a methodology for encouraging local stakeholders to cooperate on the prevention of an emerging risk. It concerns the degradation of mountain permafrost, which, with global warming, generates natural hazards (landslides, collapses, torrential lava) that create vulnerability for mountain professionals, public protection authorities and citizens living in the valleys. This methodology involves two steps. Firstly, an individual interview, based on intermediate objects (maps and real-life cases), leads the person into a reflective activity. This step prepares the way for the second step: the democratic workshop, where stakeholders discuss and exchange their needs on a regional level. The construction of this methodology, based on an interdisciplinary approach between ergonomics and geosciences, enables us to better grasp the stakes involved in the risk of permafrost degradation for those working in the field, in relation to their human activity and its evolution. It leads to a better understanding of phenomena in a given area, and to the development of preventive actions and social demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Le principe de précaution a acquis une place déterminante dans les ordres juridiques nationaux et dans le droit international. Il s’agit d’un principe d’action qui ne vise plus la prévention d’un risque connu avec une certitude scientifique avérée mais la précaution pour un risque inconnu et dont on ne peut même pas évaluer la probabilité avec des conséquences incommensurables. D’abord principe moral, il est devenu un principe juridique en étant consacré dans les textes internationaux, européens et nationaux. Son domaine initial d’application relatif à l’environnement s’est ensuite étendu à la santé et aux nouvelles technologies. Dans cet article, il s’agit de retracer une brève histoire de sa naissance et de son développement dans une perspective juridico-comparative.

Face à l’augmentation des risques climatiques mis en évidence depuis plusieurs décennies dans les rapports du GIEC et les médias, le Collège des transitions sociétales-CTS favorise l’engagement en partageant une culture sur les enjeux sociétaux. Proposant de sortir du formatage médiatique, CTS expérimente une démarche de coopération et des actions pilotes pour tenter d’accélérer les transitions. Nous avons suivi leur programme d’action-recherche entre fin 2021 et l’été 2023, caméra « au poing ». Cette étude empirique met en lumière plusieurs pistes d’analyse : la volonté de faire vivre des espaces de délibération comme leviers d’action nécessaires aux transitions avec une démarche réflexive ; l’émergence du film de recherche comme forme alternative et complémentaire aux médias ; la possibilité, pour les chercheurs en SIC, de participer à une médiation transformatrice qui « prend appui sur un dispositif hybride composé d’objets communicants et auquel l’intervention humaine donne une épaisseur sociale à la communication » (Caune, 1999)

Medical diagnostic imaging tests that produce ionizing radiation now deploy technology that captures an individual patient’s cumulative radiation dose. This raises the question of whether there is an imperative for regional health authorities to disclose this information to physicians who may then engage their patients in decisions about whether the potential harms are worth the benefits of subsequent diagnostic imaging. Currently, the advice of the professional bodies providing standards of practice for medical diagnostic imaging is to withhold this information from physicians. Their concern is that cumulative dose information is difficult to evaluate in terms of risk to individual patients; it is not easily applicable to clinical decision making about the appropriateness of a subsequent imaging exam; and referring clinicians will feel compelled to offer a patient a less efficacious non-ionizing test, which could negatively affect patient care. We present a critical analysis of several assumptions underlying the stance of non-disclosure. Working at the intersection of medical physics, medical anthropology, and clinical ethics, we offer an alternative framing of the discourse of risk that has shaped the recent scholarly debate on disclosure of individual cumulative radiation dose. We posit that a persuasive argument can be made against the stance of the professional bodies and for a policy of disclosure – provided that such a policy prioritizes patient-centred shared decision making, radiologists as risk-interpretation experts, and the authority of the prescribing physician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Le risque de crédit et sa gestion représentent une question préoccupante et de survie pour la majorité des institutions financières. Cette étude vise à évaluer les facteurs déterminants du risque de crédit en mettant en relation les ratios financiers et le risque de crédit mesuré par le portefeuille à risque. L’analyse a porté sur une approche quantitative déclinée autour de 12 ISFDs opérant au Sud-Kivu pour une période allant de 2011 à 2020. Les résultats de la régression des données de panel montrent que sur les 12 variables mobilisées pour mesurer l’impact du risque de crédit sur la santé des ISFDs, quatre ont présenté un effet significatif sur le portefeuille à risque. Il s’agit d’une part, des ratios de financement des immobilisations et de liquidité à long terme qui ont présenté un effet positif et significatif au seuil de 5% et du ratio de capitalisation qui a un effet positif et significatif au seuil de 1%. D’autre part, l’autosuffisance opérationnelle présente un effet négatif et significatif au seuil de 1%. Les résultats ont permis de conclure, par ailleurs, que d’autres variables ont une influence non significative sur le portefeuille à risque. Et qu’il est possible de proposer quelques mécanismes de réduction du taux élevé de risque lié au portefeuille de crédit.

Le risque menace la quasi-totalité des domaines de la vie dont les Institutions de Microfinance. La mesure du risque préoccupait déjà Bernouilli en 1730, il a insisté sur l’espérance du gain dans un jeu de pile ou face. Von Neumann et Morgestein furent une avancée décisive en ce domaine avec leur théorie de l’utilité . Ils entrevoient que tous les investisseurs se comportent d’une manière rationnelle par le fait chaque investisseur peut targuer d’avoir calculé avec précision la somme qu’il désirera recevoir étant donné un certain risque. Celle-ci aboutit à une mesure du risque qui est le pilier de la finance moderne . Nous avons utilisé la modélisation SVAR. Le choix de ce modèle SVAR est motivé par l’objectif poursuivi dans cette étude qui est d’analyser l’incidence des risques opérationnels sur la performance des IMF Congolaises. Il ressort de nos analyses que les risques opérationnels affectent soit positivement, soit négativement la rentabilité d'une IMF. De même, l'impact de ce risque est soit relativement fort, soit relativement faible : La qualité du portefeuille affecte négativement la rentabilité d'une IMF. Le coefficient de cet indicateur est de 1,38 % et se situe entre un intervalle de confiance de -0,773 % et 3,5335 % au seuil de confiance de 95 %. Une variation des encaisses oisives de 1 % entraîne une hausse de la rentabilité économique d’une IMF de 6,126 %. Par contre, l’autosuffisance opérationnelle affecte négativement la rentabilité économique des IMF en République Démocratique du Congo. Une hausse de l’autosuffisance opérationnelle de 1 % diminue significativement la rentabilité d’une IMF 1,486 %. Enfin, les encours de crédits affectent aussi positivement la rentabilité des IMF. Une augmentation du taux des encours des crédits de 1 % a comme effet la hausse de la rentabilité de 10,62 %. Toutefois, cette hausse n’est pas significative.

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La prise en charge des rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques (RIC) ne doit plus se limiter à la seule préservation du capital fonctionnel articulaire et à l'amendement des arthralgies. La détection et la prise en charge adaptée de l'ensemble des comorbidités des RIC, et particulièrement celles d'origine cardiovasculaire (CV), est désormais un objectif principal et concerne au premier chef le rhumatologue qui doit travailler de concert avec le médecin traitant du patient et ses autres spécialistes.Nous décrirons dans cette brève mise au point les différentes évaluation cliniques, biologiques et d'imagerie qui sont du ressort du rhumatologue en pratique quotidienne pour toute prise en charge d'un patient atteint d'affection rhumatismale, et ce dans une optique de prévention primaire des affections CV. Il est nécessaire de se projeter d'une médecine de soin pure à une médecine plus axée sur la prévention, éclairée par des examens adaptés pour traiter mieux et plus précocement nos patients tant dans notre domaine de spécialité qu'en dehors, quitte pour cela à élargir notre champ de compétences. The management of chronic inflammatory rheumatism (CIR) should no longer be limited to the sole preservation of joint functional capital and to the improvement of arthralgia. The detection and appropriate management of all comorbidities, and particularly those of cardiovascular (CV) origin, is now a main objective and primarily concerns the rheumatologist who must work in concert with the general practitioner of the patient and his other specialists. We will describe in this brief development the various clinical, biological and imaging evaluations which are the responsibility of the rheumatologist in daily practice for any management of a patient with rheumatic disease with a view to primary CV prevention. It is necessary to project ourselves from a pure care medicine to a medicine more focused on prevention, enlightened by adapted examinations to treat our patients better and earlier both in our field of specialty and outside, even if it means broaden our scope of expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article analyzes Romania's resilience in the face of climate change and natural risks generated by this phenomenon, by assessing the activity of their management structures in relation to climate risks. Within the two main parts of the paper, the Sustainable Development goals were analyzed by identifying the management aspects of SDG 13 - Climate Action, respectively a statistical analysis was presented on the actions of prevention, preparedness and response to natural risks, carried out by the Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU) and the Inspectorate for Emergency situations "Dealul Spirii" Bucharest - Ilfov, for the period 2018-2020. Thus, it was found that Romania has a high degree of vulnerability in terms of disaster risks generated by climate change, and the efficiency of the strategic management carried out by the central authorities is low, as no particular attention is paid to the steps taken in these steps. The most acute problems identified at this level are those related to the development of strategies and missions, the organizational aspects and the lack of infrastructure necessary in terms of disaster management, especially those caused by the environmental factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article theorizes some of the ways that the COVID-19 health crisis was publicly narrated and morally regulated in Canada. Beginning with Valverde's theory of moral capital, public health crisis communication is conceptualized as dialectical claims-making activities aimed at maximizing the individual moral capital of citizens and the aggregate moral capital of nations. Valverde's historical sociology explains how moral capital operated in relation to economic capital accumulation in the context of 19th-century moral regulation of the urban poor. This article applies aspects of Valverde's historical framework about mixed economies of regulation to contemporary biopolitical moralization in the midst of a pandemic. It does so by arguing that responsibilizing citizens to flatten the epidemic curve of the disease contributed to the social construction of a normative pandemic subject. In this way, the analysis provides insights into how public health crisis communication explicitly intended to mitigate COVID-19 infection rates both reflected and reinforced the conjunctural norms associated with neoliberal governmentality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pre-trial release decision involves an assessment of the risk the accused poses to the community and the administration of justice if they are released pending trial. To ameliorate risk and provide some insurance, a surety – a family member or friend who agrees to supervise the accused and promises a sum of money if the accused fails to appear in court, commits further offences, or breaches a condition of their release – may be required. Sureties are required to act as "jailers in the community," conceptualized as a mechanism for reducing risk and enhancing public safety by providing supervision and improving the likelihood that the accused will comply with conditions. While the court imposes a legal relationship of monitoring and control between the accused and their surety, this expectation is confounded by tension between acting as someone's jailer and providing care in the context of a close personal relationship. Through 32 interviews with sureties in Ontario, we explore the tensions and contradictions in the ways the legal relationship imposed by the court is experienced in practice, revealing a lack of formal support, a sense of powerlessness to exert authority over the accused, and a flexibility in enforcement that raises questions about surety effectiveness as a risk management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'article est consacré aux conséquences de la pandémie causée par le SRAS-CoV-2 et, plus particulièrement, à celles des mesures préventives adoptées au cours de cette période sur les personnes présentant des troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA). Ces personnes sont plus à risque (surtout en cas de comorbidité avec la déficience intellectuelle) d'être infectées et hospitalisées plus longtemps. Cette augmentation du risque s'explique par la présence des facteurs biologiques de risque (hausse des cytokines, baisse de la mélatonine) et par des facteurs psychologiques liés au tableau clinique des TSA. L'hésitation face à la vaccination est discutée en relation avec le lien erroné entre vaccination et apparition de l'autisme. Tel qu'attendu, la pandémie a eu des effets négatifs sur le tableau clinique des enfants, adolescents et adultes avec des TSA. De manière inattendue, les chercheurs et les cliniciens ont mis, aussi, en évidence des effets positifs de la pandémie, décrits comme effets « paradoxaux ». L'explication de ces effets fait l'objet d'une section distincte de l'article. Est abordée, enfin, la question du transfert à la période post-pandémie de certaines conditions qui ont contribué aux améliorations. The article is devoted to the consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and, more particularly, of the preventive measures adopted during this period on people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These people are more at risk (especially in cases of comorbidity with intellectual disability) of being infected and hospitalized longer. This increased risk is explained by the presence of biological risk factors (increased cytokines, decreased melatonin) and by psychological factors related to the clinical picture of ASD. Hesitancy concerning COVID vaccinations is discussed in relation to the erroneously purported link between vaccination and the onset of autism. As expected, the pandemic has had negative effects on the clinical picture of children, adolescents, and adults with ASD: sleep disorders, increased behavioural disorders, more stereotypies, parental distress. Unexpectedly, researchers and clinicians have also highlighted the positive effects of the pandemic, described as the "paradoxical" effects (improved communication and relationships, decreased anxiety, being happier because of being more in control over their schedule). The explanation for these effects was related to non-attendance at school and, thus, no bullying, decreased sensory and social overload, increased time spent at home, and solidarity with the autistic community and with the entire community. Finally, the question of the transfer of certain conditions that contributed to the above-mentioned improvements to the post-pandemic period is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The best worst method is employed to assess key risk factors in container carriers' cold chain logistics operations. • Three major assessment aspects and 15 risk factors are preliminarily utilized to evaluate key risk factors. • Shipper risk aspect is the most important assessment aspect. • 'Excessively long container loading time' is ranked first of key risk factor. Given that reefer containers are highly dependent on their temperature control function, container carriers must pay particular attention to the risks occurring during cold chain logistics. Assessment of cold chain safety risks can therefore reduce chance of accidents and concern for product damage. The goal of this study was to use the best worst method (BWM) to assess key risk factors in container carriers' cold chain logistics operations. After gathering relevant information from the literature and conducting expert interviews, this study preliminarily determined risk factors affecting container carriers' cold chain logistics operations, and obtained 15 risk factors in 3 risk assessment aspects. A BWM model was then developed and tested using empirical data from a questionnaire survey of experts. The results indicated that (1) the "shipper risk" aspect is the most important risk link for container carriers' cold chain logistics; (2) the 6 key risk factors with the greatest effect on container carriers' cold chain logistics are "excessively long container loading time," "insufficient pre-cooling of goods," "poor or improper product packaging," "dockside or shipboard power supply system malfunction," "improper cargo stacking," and "human error affecting temperature settings." As a reference for container carriers engaging in cold chain logistics, this study also suggests risk management strategies intended to enhance cold chain safety and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Au Congo, la nécessité d’un cadre juridique protecteur de la femme enceinte est une préoccupation. En effet, le risque que court une femme de mourir ou de devenir invalide durant la grossesse et l’accouchement est en rapport étroit avec son statut social et économique, les normes et valeurs de la culture à laquelle elle appartient et le fait de résider dans un lieu géographique reculé. De manière générale, plus une femme est pauvre et marginalisée, plus son risque de mourir est grand. En fait, les taux de mortalité maternelle reflètent les inégalités entre pays riches et pays pauvres dont fait partie le Congo, plus qu’aucune autre mesure d’ordre sanitaire. Ici, le risque d’une femme, calculé sur la durée de vie, de mourir du fait de la grossesse ou de l’accouchement est de 1 sur 39 contre 1 sur 4 700 dans les pays développés.

Ce article analyse les facteurs indispensables à un entrepreneur des PME pour « estimer et gérer le risque ».

This paper examines the resilience of the farmers, which is defined as prudent. The adjective "prudent" stands here for virtue, for the actions that may not always be rational in an economic sense but are prudent from social and cultural sustainability and risk-management points of view. By relying on ethnographic research findings from rural Serbia and Kosovo, the paper argues that prudent resilience is almost always multisectoral, which enables farmers to manage parallel threats, amortize their negative consequences, ensure forward-looking, and at the same time maintain their ethical threshold. Prudent resilience as a virtuous practice cannot be measured, which is a trend imposed by global sustainability agendas. By measuring resilience, there is a danger of perpetuating the image of farmers as victims and not as competent and self-confident managers of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Oti River watershed, in Togo, is currently confronted with climate variability phenomena characterised by recurrent flooding events that weaken human and environmental systems. The objective of this study is to analyse the socio-economic and environmental impacts of floods in the Oti watershed in Togo. To this end, rainfall data (daily rainfall from 1961-2017), hydrometric data (daily flows from 1961-2017) and epidemiological data from the Mango health district were used. Similarly, agricultural statistics and socio-economic survey data were used. Rainfall and flow anomaly indices and McKee's (1993) classification were used to characterise flood hazard thresholds. Field surveys were carried out among the population to find out the impacts caused by floods in the watershed. The results show that 1962, 1964 and 2015 were extremely wet years and 1968, 1999, 2012 and 2013 are very wet years in the whole Oti watershed. The hydrometric indices show a significant variation in annual maximum flows from the 1960s onwards in the Oti sub-watershed of Mango and Mandouri. This means that the evolution in the series of maximum flows is linked to the extreme daily rainfall. The risk of flooding in the watershed has socio-economic, health and environmental impacts. These impacts can be summarised as loss of human life, precious objects and income of economic actors, increase in cases of diarrhoeal diseases and malaria, psychological scars of victims, soil erosion, loss of plant and animal biodiversity, water and nature pollution, etc.

Les crises sociales, climatiques, écologiques, sanitaires, économiques agitent et désorganisent le monde, sans épargner le monde forestier. Après un bref historique de crises forestières essentiellement induites par des sécheresses, l’article retrace comment les observations et la compréhension des successions d’évènements, de facteurs de sensibilité, de dysfonctionnements ont été progressivement formalisées dans un cadre générique. En s’appuyant sur des concepts mobilisés dans le domaine des risques et de la gestion de crise, l’article décrit une démarche pour objectiver les enjeux, suivre et comprendre les crises sanitaires en forêt, pour identifier les aléas en jeu et les fragilités en cause. Pour finir, les formes de gestion et d’adaptation mobilisables pour faire face à une crise en cours et anticiper les crises futures sont évoquées. Messages clés Historiquement, les sécheresses intenses et les ravageurs ont induit des cycles périodiques de dépérissements en forêt. L’intensité, la date d’occurrence et la durée des aléas sont de mieux en mieux quantifiées. L’identification de facteurs de vulnérabilité est importante car elle permet de réfléchir à des leviers d’action pour la réduire face aux futurs aléas. Dans le contexte d’évolution du climat, le risque et l’incertitude sont plus que jamais à intégrer dans la gestion courante.

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Just a few years ago, no one could imagine that ice swimming could evolve into a competitive sport. In the past, people swimming in ice-cold water were called madmen and, at best, were studied as scientific objects. Today regular competitions in ice swimming over different distances (ice mile, ice km, and shorter distances such as 50m, 100m, and 200m), and different disciplines are organized (freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly). National championships, as well as continental and world championships, are also held, with new records set regularly. In this overview, we summarize the historical development of ice swimming up to a competitive sport and explore the risks in this nascent sports discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To establish whether the risk of psychotic disorders in cannabis users changes with time following cannabis cessation using data from the European Network of National Networks studying Gene–Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia (EU-GEI) case–control study.The EU-GEI case–control study collected data from first episode psychosis patients and population controls across sites in Europe and Brazil between May 2010 and April 2015. Adjusted logistic regressions were applied to examine whether the odd of psychosis case status changed: (1) with time following cannabis cessation and (2) across different cannabis use groups.Psychosis risk declined following cessation of cannabis use (β = −0.002; 95% CI −0.004 to 0.000; P = 0.067). When accounting for duration of use, this effect remained (β = −0.003; 95% CI −0.005 to −0.001; P = 0.013). However, in models adjusting for frequency and potency of use the result was not significant. Analysis of different cannabis use groups indicated that ex-users who stopped 1 to 4 weeks previously had the highest risk for psychotic disorder compared to never users (OR = 6.89; 95% CI 3.91–12.14; P < 0.001); risk declined for those who stopped 5 to 12 weeks previously (OR = 2.70; 95% CI 1.73–4.21; P < 0.001) and 13 to 36 weeks previously (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.00–2.33; P = 0.050). Ex-users who stopped 37 to 96 weeks (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.66–1.57; P = 0.949), 97 to 180 weeks (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.45–1.19; P = 0.204), and 181 weeks previously or more (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 0.76–1.83; P = 0.456) had similar psychosis risk to those who had never-used cannabis.Risk of psychotic disorder appears to decline with time following cannabis cessation, receding to that of those who have never used cannabis after 37 weeks or more of abstinence. Although, preliminary results suggest that frequent users of high potency types of cannabis might maintain an elevated risk compared to never users even when abstaining for longer than 181 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le renseignement, plus particulièrement le renseignement militaire, est un élément important dans l’organisation de la défense nationale d’un Etat. Pour avoir négligé le renseignement militaire, la République Démocratique du Congo fut victime d’une agression surprise des troupes venues de la République Populaire d’Angola en date du 08 mars 1977. Ce n’est qu’après avoir recueilli les renseignements sur les troupes ennemis que les éléments des forces armées de la République Démocratique du Congo ont pu les repousser quatre-vingts jours après.

Since the 1970s, voles' outbreaks have been responsible for important damages to meadows in the Massif Central (France), threatening the economic viability of cattle breeding systems. We investigate whether trust allows enhancing collective pest management, considered as the provision of a weaker-link collective good. The main contribution of our paper is a theoretical framework we propose to consider the threshold effects related to the complexity of the studied agroecological mechanisms. We have tested this theoretical framework thanks to stylized facts we inferred from qualitative inquiries conducted with both cattle breeders and diverse institutional bodies involved in vole outbreaks management. We highlight some of the determinants of the building of trust. Breeders do not seem to trust their ability to master pullulation much. If breeders hardly trust the control methods, they do not trust either scientific and technical bodies or their neighboring breeders any better. This could explain even better the failures observed in the collective action against outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New risks are emerging from global changes – climatic, technological and societal – which imply taking into account multiple spatial and temporal scales and a diversity of actors. To cope with them, it is necessary to develop citizen participation, to strengthen the territorial dimension and to take into account the vulnerability of individuals. This text aims to understand the impacts of climate change on the concepts and intervention methods in activity-centered ergonomics. Connections should be made with two disciplines : environmental and political sciences. Two cases will illustrate the evolution of the activity analysis model : that of women mountain guides and that of actors in the risk management of permafrost degradation. Climate change calls for ergonomics to take greater account of the social dimensions and networks of actors in its models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Climatologie is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By the end of the nineties, new immunomodulatory options impacting on the determinants of many immune-mediated diseases became available. These drugs were also called biologicals. Their use was associated with a significant improvement in the management of the patients and on their clinical evolution over time. On the other hand, their use was found to be also associated with an over-risk of infectious complications, in particular of viral origin, even though the savings of other at-risk treatments (e.g. corticosteroids or cyclophosphamide) allowed by these new therapies could have contributed to reduce it. These viral infections may be linked to an increased susceptibility to new infections because of impaired immunity and/or lower responsiveness to vaccination, to a higher risk of reactivation of latent infections, and to a higher severity than observed in the general population. Viruses mostly involved are respiratory (influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV2), Varicella-Zoster, hepatitis B, or JC viruses, in particular. The viral risk depends not only on the type of biologicals, but also on the underlying disease, the associated comorbidities, the associated treatments, the epidemiological environment, and the individual and collective immunity. At an individual level, prevention and management of the infectious risk are of utmost importance in the global management of patients on biologicals., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

The proposed study sought to investigate whether maternal experiences of racial discrimination and gendered racial stress are associated with offspring executive functioning. Total 266 Black mother-child pairs in the United States were assessed from pregnancy through child age of 4 years. We hypothesized that children whose mothers reported higher rates of perceived gendered racial stress during pregnancy and racial discrimination throughout their lifetime would have lower scores on executive functioning assessments. Furthermore, we hypothesized that low maternal education and income would act as risk moderators whereas social support would act as a protective moderator in the associations between maternal experiences of discrimination (EOD) and child executive functioning. Main effect findings support our hypothesis of an intergenerational association between maternal EOD and gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores. Income was a significant moderator. As hypothesized, the association between mothers reports of lifetime discrimination and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at lower levels of income. In contrast, however, the association between maternal prenatal reports of gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at higher levels of maternal education and income. Social support did not have a significant moderating effect on any of the association., (© 2025 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.)