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U rod Paulownia, porodica Paulowniaceae, ubraja se od devet vrsta i nekoliko prirodnih hibrida koji od prirode rastu u Kini. Važne vrste u ovom rodu su: P. albiflora, P. australis, P. catalpifolia, P. elongata, P. fargesii, P. fortunei, P. kawakamii i P. tomentosa. U novije vrijeme hibridizacijom su dobiveni brojni hibridi s ciljem povećanja brzine rasta i prirasta te otpornosti na niske temperature. U Hrvatskoj se najčešće razmnožavaju hibridi paulovnije Shan Tong i 9501 iako postoje i drugi dobiveni vlastitim selekcijama. Cilj ovoga članka je objasniti načine razmnožavanja paulovnije u prirodi i problematiku njezine invazivnosti te razmnožavanje u rasadniku pomoću autovegetativne metode makropropagacije korjenovim reznicama. Postoje tri faze zakorjenjivanja reznica: inicijacija, indukcija i ekspresija. Postoji direktna i indirektna indukcija. Najosjetljiviji trenutak je povezivanje provodnih elemenata korjenčića i dijela stanice. Uspješnost pojave korjenčića na reznici ovisi o: fiziološkom stanju matične biljke, količini šećera, metabolizmu auxina, mineralnoj ishrani, metabolizmu fenola i dr. Postoje četiri faze razmnožavanja paulovnije iz korijenskih reznica: uzimanje i dorada korijenskih reznica s matične biljke u matičnjaku, pikiranje reznica u pvc lončiće ispunjene supstratom za zakorjenjivanje, zakorjenjivanje korjenskih reznica i osnivanje novog matičnjaka. Korijenske reznice paulovnije Shang Tong i 9501 uzimane su s obzirom na polaritet na način da se donji (distalni) dio korijena rezao pod kutom od 45 stupnjeva a gornji (proksimalni) pod kutom od 90 stupnjeva. Reznice su podijeljene su na kratke (8 cm) i dugačke (15 cm). Svaka skupina reznica dodatno je podijeljena na tanke i debele na način da razlika bude na oko vidljiva. Iz svake skupine u istraživanje je uzeto po 15 reznica. Napravljen je pokus na način da jedan dio reznica bude pikiran u grijanom stakleniku 7 dana od vađenja korijena a drugi dio nakon sušenja na sobnoj temperaturi u komori rasta. Prva skupina od 60 reznica uzeta je 14. prosinca i pikirana u perforirane pvc vrećice volumena 5,0 l i u gotovi supstrat za zakorjenjivanje Klasman Steckmedium. U supstrat za zakorijenjivanje dodano je 3g/l gnojiva s produženim djelovanjem treće generacije Osomocote Exact Standard 5-6M formulacije 15-9-12+2MgO+TE. Reznice nisu tretirane fitohormonom niti fungicidima protiv truleži. Pikiranje reznica je obavljeno na način da je gornja površina reza od 90 stupnjeva bila u razini supstrata. Duga skupina od 60 reznica stavljena je na sušenje u komoru rasta Kambič RK-980 CH. Temperatura u komori iznosila je 21 °C i relativna vlaga zraka od 40 % što predstavlja čuvanje reznica u konstantnim sobnim uvjetima. Reznice su čuvane u komori rasta 5 dana. Pikiranje je obavljeno na isti način kao i u slučaju prve skupine reznica 21.12.2017. godine. Prvo registriranje zakorjenjivanja obavljeno je 19.02.2018. godine što znači za prvu skupinu 67 dana od pikiranja a za drugu skupinu 60 dana od pikiranja. Sušenje reznica hibrida paulovnije Shan Tong dovelo do povećanja zakorjenjivanja u svim varijantama, a posebno je izraženo kod debelih reznica duljine 8 cm i debelih reznica duljine 15 cm. Može se preporučiti uzimanje debljih reznica i njihovo sušenje na sobnoj temperaturi u trajanju od 5 dana jer se dobiva značajnije veći postotak zakorjenjivanja. Pretjerana vlaga u supstratu za zakorjenjivanje korijenskim reznicama paulovnije negativno utječe na razvoj korijenskog sustava. Kod hibrida paulovnije 9501 također je utvrđeno kako sušenje reznica dovodi do povećanja zakorjenjivanja u svim varijantama, osim kod tankih reznica duljine 8 cm kod kojih je dobiven isti postotak zakorjenjivanja (33%). Posebno je zanimljiva situacija kod debelih reznica duljine 8 cm kod kojih se bez sušenja nije zakorjenila niti jedna reznica a sa sušenjem čak 80 %. Može se preporučiti uzimanje debljih reznica hibrida paulovnije 9501 i njihovo sušenje na sobnoj temperaturi u trajanju od 5 dana jer se dobiva značajnije veći postotak zakorjenjivanja. Postotak zakorjenjivanja reznica bez sušenja bio bi sigurno veći da su se uzele odmah nakon vađenja korijenskog sustava bagerom što se preporuča u praksi. U ovom slučaju minimalne temperature zraka od -4 °C i -5,6 °C dovele su do smrzavanja korijenskog sustava. Prosječna minimalna temperatura zraka u razdoblju od 8. do 14. prosinca. iznosila je svega 0,8 °C. Kod smrznutog korijena kora se odvaja rukom od drva a takve reznice ili propadaju ili tjeraju iz nižih adventivnih pupova. Korijenske reznice hibrida paulovnije Shan Tong i 9501 trebale bi se uzimati odmah nakon vađenja korijenskog sustava matične biljke a prosječne temperature zraka trebale bi biti iznad 0 °C. U ovim istraživanjima dokazana je štetnost temperatura od -4 °C i -5,6 °C na korijenske reznice jer su one dovele do njihovog smrzavanja. Najbolje kalendarsko vrijeme za vađenje korijenskih reznica, ovisno o godini, bilo bi u mjesecu ožujku. Utvrđena je mogućnost zakorjenjivanja korijenskih reznica hibrida paulovnije 9501 u običnoj vodi u kontroliranim uvjetima (bez svjetla, konstantna temperatura od 20 °C). Reznice su stavljene u „in vitro“ klijalicu Snijders Scientific B.V., ECD01E dana 21.12.2017. a fotografirane 21.02.2018. odnosno 62 dana od stavljanja u vodu., The genus Paulownia, family Paulowniaceae, contains about nine species and several natural hybrids which are native to China. Some important species in this genus include P. albiflora, P. australis, P. catalpifolia, P. elongata, P. fargesii, P. fortunei, P. kawakamii and P. tomentosa. More recently, numerous hybrids have been obtained by hybridisation for the purpose of increasing the rate of growth and increment, as well as develop resistance to low temperatures. In Croatia, the most commonly propagated are the Paulownia hybrids Shan Tong and 9501, although there are also other hybrids obtained by selections in some “in vitro” laboratory. The goal of this article is to explore different propagation methods of Paulownia in the nature, the problem of its invasiveness and nursery propagation by means of autovegetative macropropagation method from root cuttings. There are three phases of rooting the cuttings: initiation, induction and expression. There is direct and indirect induction. The most sensitive moment is the connecting of the conductive elements of small roots with parts of a cell. The success of root development on the cutting depends on the physiological status of the parent plant, sugar quantity, auxin metabolism, mineral nutrition, phenol metabolism and others. There are four stages of Paulownia propagation from root cuttings: digging out and finishing of root cuttings from the parent stock, pricking out the cuttings into plastic containers filled with potting media, rooting the cuttings and the establishment of a new parent stocks. The Paulownia root cuttings Shang Tong and 9501 were taken with regard to the polarity in the following way; the bottom (distal) part of the root was cut at an angle of 45 degrees and the upper (proximal) part was cut at an angle of 90 degrees. The cuttings were divided into short (8 cm) and long (15 cm) cuttings. Each group of the cuttings was additionally divided into thin and thick cuttings, making the difference visible to the naked eye. A total of 15 cuttings were taken from each group for the purpose of our research. In the experiment, one part of the cuttings was pricked out in a heated greenhouse 7 days after root excavation and the other part of the cuttings was pricked out after drying at room temperature in the plant growth chamber. The first group of 60 cuttings was taken on December 14th and pricked out in perforated 5.0 l plastic bags filled with ready-made Klasman Steckmedium rooting medium. The rooting medium was enriched with 3g/l of Osmocote Exact Standard 5-6M formulation 15-9-12+2MgO+TE, the 3rd generation of controlled release fertilizers. The cuttings were not treated with a phytohormone or rot prevention fungicides. The cuttings were pricked out in such a way that the upper surface of the cut at 90 degrees was at the level of the potting medium. The second group of 60 cuttings was dried in the Kambić RK-980 CH growth chamber. The chamber temperature was 21 °C and the relative air humidity was 40%, which equalled storage of the cuttings under constant room conditions. The cuttings were kept in the growth chamber for 5 days. Pricking out was performed on December 12th, 2017 in the same way as the first group of cuttings. The first rooting registration was done on February 19th, 2018, which in the case of the first group means 67 days after pricking out and for the second group 60 days after pricking out. Drying the Paulownia Shang Tong hybrid cuttings increased the rooting success in all the variants, and was particularly evident in thick cuttings 8 cm long and thick cuttings 15 cm long. Selecting thicker cuttings and drying them at room temperature for 5 days can be recommended because this procedure yields a significantly higher rooting percentage. Excessive moisture in the potting medium used for the Paulownia root cuttings negatively affects root system development. It was also confirmed that drying the Paulownia hybrid 9501 cuttings increases the rooting success in all the variants, with the exception of thin cuttings 8 cm long, where the rooting percentage was the same (33 %). Thick cuttings 8 cm long present a particularly interesting case, where not one single cutting which was not dried took root, while as many as 80 % of cuttings took root after being dried. Taking thicker cuttings of the Paulownia 9501 hybrid and drying them at room temperature for 5 days can be recommended, because this procedure yields a significantly higher rooting percentage. The rooting percentage of cuttings without drying would certainly be higher if the cuttings had been taken immediately after the root system was dug out with a dredge, as recommended in practice. In this case, the minimal air temperatures of -4 °C and -5.6 °C caused the root system to freeze. The average minimal air temperature in the period from December 8th to December 14th was only 0.8 °C. When the root is frozen, the bark is separated from the wood manually, and such cuttings either decay or sprouting from the lower adventitious buds. The root cuttings of the Paulownia hybrids Shan Tong and 9501 should be taken immediately after the root system of the parent plant is dug out, while the average air temperature should be above 0 °C. Our studies confirmed the harmful effect of temperatures from -4 °C and -5.6 °C on root cuttings, as such temperatures caused the cuttings to freeze. The best calendar period for digging out root cuttings, depending on the year, should be in March. It was confirmed that the root cuttings of Paulownia hybrid 9501 can also be rooted in ordinary water under controlled conditions (no light, constant temperature of 20 °C). The cuttings were placed in “in vitro” Snijders Scientific B.V., ECD01E germination table on December 21st, 2017, and were photographed on February 21st, 2018, or 62 days after being placed in the water.

U radu su prikazani rezultati praćenja proizvodnje reznica sorti masline Velike sitnjake, Sitnice, Uljarice i Kalamate u 2016. godini pod utjecajem tretiranja različitim koncentracijama fitohormona IBA (2000, 3000, 4000 i 5000 ppm) te su uspoređeni s rezultatima dobivenim u 2015. godine za iste sorte. Istraživanja su dio projekta Identifikacija i gospodarenje genfondom maslina na području Dubrovačko neretvanske županije” i provedena su na Zavodu za mediteranske kulture Sveučilišta u Dubrovniku. Sorta Velika Sitnjaka je 2016. godine imala postotak ožiljavanja od 92,3% s koncentracijom IBA od 4000 ppm. Sitnica je 2015. i 2016. godine najveće potencijale rizogeneze imala također s koncentracijom IBA od 4000 ppm, dok je Uljarica u obje godine najveće postotke ožiljavanja imala s koncentracijom IBA od 2000 ppm. Kalamata je najveće potencijale rizogeneze u obje godine pokazala s koncentracijom IBA od 3000 ppm s istim postotcima ožiljavanja (15%)., This paper presents results of monitoring the production of olives Velika sitnjaka, Sitnica, Uljarica and Kalamate in 2016, on the impact of different concentrations of phytohormone IBA (2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm) and compares them with the results obtained in 2015 for the same varieties. The research is a part of the project "Identification and management of genefund olives in the Dubrovnik Neretva County" that was carried out in the Institute for Mediterranean Plants, University of Dubrovnik. In 2016, the cultivar Velika sitnjaka had 92,3% ooting of with the applied concentration of 4000 ppm of IBA. In 2015 and 2016, the greatest potential of rooting of the Sitnica cultivar was also established at the IBA concentration of 4000 ppm, while the Uljarica cultivar in the course of both years had the highest percentage of rooting at concentration of 2000 ppm of IBA. The Kalamata cultivar showed the greatest potential of rhizogenesis in both years, at a concentration of 3000 ppm of IBA, with the same rooting percentage of 15%.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de miniestaquia no enraizamento de material juvenil de araçazeiro (Psidium guineense e Psidium cattleyanum) e goiabeira (Psidium guajava), e no crescimento das mudas após a repicagem e na produtividade das minicepas em sucessivas coletas. Foram instalados três experimentos em delineamento de blocos casualizados utilizando-se três espécies diferentes e quatro repetições. Sessenta e dois dias após o estaqueamento, verificou-se que em P. guineense, P. cattleyanum e P. guajava houve enraizamento de 96%; 92% e 100% respectivamente. Em P. guajava o diâmetro mínimo do caule era de oito milímetros aos 110 dias após a repicagem e em P. guineense e P. cattleyanum, o diâmetro do caule estava próximo a sete milímetros aos 140 dias após a repicagem. Foi verificado aumento do potencial de produção de miniestacas ao longo das sucessivas coletas de brotações. Com base nesses resultados, conclui-se que a técnica da miniestaquia é viável para multiplicação do araçazeiro e da goiabeira. This study was carried out to evaluate the viability of the minicutting technique on rooting of juvenile material of cattley guava (Psidium guineense and Psidium cattleyanum) and guava (Psidium guajava), and seedling growth after transplanting and production of the ministumps under successive harvests. Three experiments were carried out in a randomized block design using three species and four replicates. Sixty-two days after cutting establishment, P. guineense, P. cattleyanum and P. guajava showed rooting percentages of 96%, 92% and 100%, respectively. P. guajava showed a minimum stem diameter of 8 mm at 110 days after transplanting and P. guineense and P. cattleyanum showed stem diameter of 7 mm after 140 days of transplanting. Minicutting production increased over successive harvests of sprouts. Based on these results, it is concluded that the minicutting technique is viable for multiplying cattley guava and guava.

Fil: Niella, Fernando Omar. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Rocha, Sandra Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Eibl, Beatriz Irene. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Radins, Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Flor, Daniel. Alto Paraná. S.A.; Argentina. Fil: Facio, Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil: Velazco, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; Argentina. Fil: Britez, Darío. Forestal Bosques del Plata. S.A.; Argentina. El presente trabajo busca optimizar las técnicas de cultivo in vitro y enraizamiento de estacas para la propagación vegetativa de Jatropha curcas L. La clonación de variedades locales de esta especie permitirá establecer las bases para un programa de domesticación de Jatropha curcas L en la provincia de Misiones. Utilizando las técnicas generales de cultivo in vitro de tejidos vegetales, se observó que los medios inductivos estudiados afectaron en forma significativa la formación de tejido organogénico; obteniéndose la mayor frecuencia de inducción en explantos cultivados en el medios nutritivos básico de MS (MURASHIGE y SKOOG, 1962) suplementado con BAP (6-Benzilaminopurina), KIN (Kinetina) o TDZ (Thidiazuron) en combinación con AIB (Acido Índole Butírico). No existieron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes medios nutritivos utilizados en el proceso de diferenciación, pudiendo utilizarse tanto MS, MS ½ o MS + CA con una alta tasa de diferenciación. El enraizamiento de estacas apicales obtenidas de plantas madres juveniles y adultas, cuyas bases fueron tratadas con solución de etanol al 70%, por 10 segundos sin AIB (TC1), presentaron, respectivamente, un 75 y 45 % de enraizamiento, significativamente mayor a las estacas tratadas con AIB. Sin embargo, cuando las estacas de posición apical recibieron el tratamiento control con agua (TC2), demostraron diferencias significativas entre las estacas juveniles y adultas. El mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento se obtuvo en estacas de posición apical, juveniles, que recibieron tratamiento control con agua (TC2) (75±15%). In this paper we studied in vitro and ex vitro culture techniques for Jatropha curcas L vegetative propagation. Cloning of local varieties of this species will establish the basis for a domestication program of Jatropha curcas L in the province of Misiones. Using in vitro tissue culture techniques, it was obtained organogenic tissue induction in different explants grown on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with BAP, TDZ KIN or in combination with AIB. Significant differences between nutrient media studied in the differentiation process were not observed, being able to be used MS, MS ½ or MS + CA with a high rate of differentiation. The rooting of apical sections obtained, from juvenile and adult stock plants, whose bases were treated with a solution of 70% ethanol for 10 seconds without IBA (TC1) showed, respectively, 75 and 45% rooting, significantly higher than the cuttings treated with IBA. Nevertheless, when the apical section cuttings received the treatment control with water (TC2), they showed significant differences between young and adult cuttings. A significantly higher rooting percentage was obtained when juvenile apical cuttings were used with no hormone application (TC2) (75±15%).

Se probo la habilidad de estacas lignificadas y suaves de Buddleja cordata HBK, Dodonaea viscosa Jacq y Senecio praecox D.C. para formar raices adventicias. Las estacas se prepararon en las estaciones humeda y seca; se trataron con diferentes concentraciones de auxinas (IBA y NAA) y en diferentes condiciones microclimaticas. Las estacas de madera lignificadas y madera suave de B. cordata enraizaron durante la estacion seca y humeda, mientras que las de D. viscosa lo hicieron solo en la epoca humeda, las estacas de S. praecox solo en la estacion seca teniendo las estacas lignificadas un mayor enraizamiento que las de madera suave. Las concentraciones bajas de hormonas (10 – 100 ppm) favorecieron mas el porcentaje de enraizamiento que las altas concentraciones (1000 – 10 000 ppm). ). Sin embargo, las concentraciones altas de hormonas favorecieron el numero y la longitud de las raices, ademas del numero de yemas. La regeneracion natural de estas especies es muy limitada y son dificiles de propagar por semillas. La propagacion vegetativa de estas especies puede ser una alternativa para obtener una fuente de material clonal adecuado para los programas de reforestacion en algunas areas de la ciudad de Mexico

This research was conducted in response to the concerns of pot chrysanthemum growers regarding poor anchorage of plants. The effects of quick (3 sec) and long (3 min) dip methods for two auxins (IBA and NAA), as well as photoperiodic light quality (R/FR) during night interruption and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), on rooting were studied with a difficult-to-root 'Duluth' and an easy-to-root 'Presidio' cultivar. The long-dip method at low concentrations produced comparable results (height of root formation, root length, roots surface area) to the short-dip method at higher concentrations, and both were better than the controls. Duluth was positively responsive to IBA whereas 'Presidio' responded positively to NAA. Growth of stock plants with high R/FR photoperiodic night lighting positively affected root length, number of roots and root surface area in 'Presidio' but not in 'Duluth'. The TNC concentration of stock plants was significantly higher under high R/FR lighting with 'Duluth' accumulating more TNC than 'Presidio'. Moreover, the high R/FR night lighting of stock plants and rooting produced significantly shorter plant in both cultivars. The results of this research suggest that anchorage of chrysanthemums in pots can be improved by using liquid auxin formulations and substituting incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps for photoperiodic night interruption.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_jbv_dr_jabo.pdf: 848067 bytes, checksum: d4ab08e504033dcef5936872db76cf9e (MD5) Ceplac Foram estudadas a propagação de estacas caulinares de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e o plantio de cacaueiro no semi-árido do estado da Bahia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que há interação entre clone e época de coleta de estaca, sendo janeiro e fevereiro os melhores meses. O plantio foi realizado em março de 2003, sob sombreamento provisório de bananeira, da variedade prata anã nos mesmos espaçamentos utilizados para o cacaueiro. Foi realizada irrigação por gotejamento e fertirrigação. As demais técnicas de manejo foram adaptadas levando em consideração as características edafoclimáticas da região. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada três meses, considerando as variáveis: altura e diâmetro das plantas, taxa de crescimento, floração, lançamentos foliares e frutificação. Dos resultados encontrados destacam-se o crescimento, vigor e início da frutificação com 1,5 ano, produção de 90 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1 aos 21 meses, com destaque para o clone PH 16 com 110 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1. A floração ocorreu de forma gregária em períodos trimestrais. Não foi observado efeito negativo da umidade relativa do ar e da temperatura no crescimento, polinização e frutificação do cacaueiro. Propagation of rooted cutting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and planting in the semi-arid of the state of Bahia were studied. The results permit to conclude that there is an interaction between clones and cuttings harvest period, being January and February the best months. Planting was done on March 2003 under temporary shade of prata anã (dwarf silver) banana variety at the same planting spacing used with cocoa. Water was provided by a drip irrigation system and nutrients by fertirrigation. The other management practices were adapted considering the region edaphoclimatic conditions. The evaluations were quarterly measuring: plant height and diameter, flowering, flushing and fruiting. Of the found results is worth noting the growth, vigor, average production of 90 kg ha-1 of dry beans at 21 months, with remark to PH 16 with 110 kg ha-1 of dry beans. Flowering occurred in a gregarious form in quarterly periods. It was not observed negative effects of air relative humidity and temperature on growth, pollination and fruiting of the cocoa plant.