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We investigated the distribution of extractive, phenolic, and polysaccharides content of young S. mahagoni trees aged 1 to 5 years. The wood powder materials in two vertical positions (bottom and top) were successively extracted using n-hexane, methanol, and hot water solutions. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the tree age and axial position in all parameters. The methanol and total extractive content decreased significantly from 1 to 3-year-old at the top part. In contrast, the amount of hot water and total extractive increased significantly from 3 to 4-year-old trees at the bottom part. Furthermore, a significant increase was also found at the bottom heartwood for hexane, methanol, and the total extractive from 4 to 5-year-old trees. The reverse trend was observed in the polar fractions (methanol and hot water) at the top of the trees. Generally, the extractive pattern tends to decrease from bottom to top with the highest proportion of methanol extract (70% based on the total extractive weight), and it increased from sapwood to heartwood. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble polysaccharides (TSP) generally increase with tree age (except for TSP from 2 to 3-year-old trees at the top part). The high content of TPC in the heartwood and TSP in the sapwood indicated the process of heartwood formation. In addition, a drastic decrease in the methanol extract and TSP at the age of 3 years at the top indicated that the TSP was transferred from top to bottom for the heartwood formation at the bottom part of 4-year-old trees.

This study aims to investigate the sugar components which play an important role in the process of heartwood formation in young Swietania mahagoni. The methanol-water (70/30, v/v) extract was analyzed by GC-MS to determine sugar constituents. The content of methanol-water extract ranged from 3.7 to 7.8% based on dried wood. After a 4-5 year duration of heartwood formation in the sapwood, monosaccharide and alditol fractions doubly increased. This was followed by almost five times the content of cyclitols. In a radial variation, the content of major monosaccharides including fructose, glucose, mannose and xylose decreased from sapwood to heartwood, while arabinose, galactose, and sucrose in the age 5 years were only found in the sapwood. Meanwhile, the main content of cyclitols and alditols (arabitol) significantly decreased from sapwood to heartwood. The main monosaccharides and disaccharides represented by sucrose played a key role in the process of heartwood formation. Further studies are required to investigate the phenolic and lipophilic components as both are involved in heartwood formation. In addition, similar studies on alditol and cyclitol regarding their role in tropical wood are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the distribution of extractive, phenolic, and polysaccharides content of young S. mahagoni trees aged 1 to 5 years. The wood powder materials in two vertical positions (bottom and top) were successively extracted using n-hexane, methanol, and hot water solutions. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the tree age and axial position in all parameters. The methanol and total extractive content decreased significantly from 1 to 3-year-old at the top part. In contrast, the amount of hot water and total extractive increased significantly from 3 to 4-year-old trees at the bottom part. Furthermore, a significant increase was also found at the bottom heartwood for hexane, methanol, and the total extractive from 4 to 5-year-old trees. The reverse trend was observed in the polar fractions (methanol and hot water) at the top of the trees. Generally, the extractive pattern tends to decrease from bottom to top with the highest proportion of methanol extract (70% based on the total extractive weight), and it increased from sapwood to heartwood. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble polysaccharides (TSP) generally increase with tree age (except for TSP from 2 to 3-year-old trees at the top part). The high content of TPC in the heartwood and TSP in the sapwood indicated the process of heartwood formation. In addition, a drastic decrease in the methanol extract and TSP at the age of 3 years at the top indicated that the TSP was transferred from top to bottom for the heartwood formation at the bottom part of 4-year-old trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants form the background of medicine in most developing countries around the world. However, despite the increasing popularity of herbal treatments, the safety and effectiveness of alternative medicines remain largely unknown. Some are blighted with problems of multiple organ toxicity. In this study, the effects of ingestion of aqueous leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni on biochemical and hematological parameters was investigated in rats. The acute toxicity test did not produce any death even with the highest dose of 1,000 mg/kg of the extract. The animals were given (p.o.) two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the test extract for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. The serum activities of the following enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphate and other biochemical markers of organ damage such as total bilirubin and creatinine were investigated. The effects of the extract on packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HBC), red and white blood cell counts (RBC and WBC) were also determined. There was significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the activity of ALP in the two groups treated with the extract in comparison with the control group that received only water. The rest of the biochemical parameters and the hematology did not show any significant difference. This may imply that the aqueous extract of S. mahagoni has no serious adverse effects on the hematological parameters and some major organs of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]