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Despite their geographical distance, the UK and Australia share proximity with their hostile immigration policies and managed migration practices, characterised by inhumanity under the guise of deterrence. People Seeking Asylum (PSA) who seek sanctuary typically endure protracted temporariness, which denies them access to state resources and imposes limitations on access to post-compulsory education. Despite state-endorsed exclusion, universities in both countries have developed approaches to circumventing immigration barriers by offering access via scholarships. The case of PSA, therefore, offers insights into the ways that Derrida's notion of 'hostipitality' – a conceptualisation of the tangled binary of hospitality and hostility – operates in higher education. In this article, we explore the types of hospitality that universities across the UK and Australia have invited PSA to cross the threshold into university study and transcend barriers imposed at the national level, and question how these modes of 'welcome' work to counter sector and state-level apparatus of rejection or reinforce existing barriers. We construct our argument around the disruption of three key binaries: host/stranger; settled/unsettled immigration status; and deserving/undeserving migrant. In doing so, we navigate the complexity of the conditions shaping access and welcome as forms of sanctuary within universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has been paid to sanctuary policies and local-level immigration enforcement recently. Still, there is a dearth of scholarship on why specific policies are pursued at the local and state levels. This study examined the theoretical conditions that produce anti-sanctuary policies at the state-level and 287(g) program membership. QCA analyses revealed that demographic and political conditions, alongside increases in violent crime, were the most salient causal conditions for explaining the adoption of anti-sanctuary policies. However, these same conditions were poorly explained adopting the 287(g) program. States that experienced significant increases in their Hispanic population alongside either increases in Republican voting during presidential campaigns or increases in violent crime were conjunctive and sufficient explanations of states adopting anti-sanctuary policies. This provides support for the ethnic and racial threat hypothesis as well as evidence as to the role of politics in formulating local immigration enforcement decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policing of extralegal immigrants and of citizens suspected of low-level offenses represent two of the most contentious issues in the contemporary urban context. To date, however, the nexus between the two has largely eluded scholarly attention, with conventional accounts of immigration enforcement tending to overlook the place of local police practices, in general, and of broken windows (or order maintenance) and what I call broken doors (or border maintenance) policing, in particular. This paper aims to address this epistemic deficit by comparing sanctuary and non-sanctuary jurisdictions within the same city-regions, against the backdrop of broken windows and broken doors. Drawing on an original analysis of declassified data, collected from jails, detention centers, and police precincts across Greater NYC and LA from 2002 to 2017, I assess whether agencies in adjacent jurisdictions exhibited substantively similar or dissimilar detention outcomes, measured in terms of per capita rates of detention and of detainees delivered to federal custody. Despite the formal divergence between sanctuary and non-sanctuary jurisdictions, this study finds a surprising, substantive convergence in local law enforcement agencies’ logics of practice, their repertoires of enforcement, and their operational outcomes, raising vexing questions for both scholars and practitioners of urban sanctuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article expands the notion of queer domesticity from the vantage point of the global South. Drawing on autoethnography, ephemeral archives, and secondary sources, the authors examine Nanur Basha, the residence of a Bangladeshi queer activist and community mentor, which in 2016 was the site of two murders committed by a local chapter of Al‐Qaeda. By empirically interrogating the events leading up to the unmaking of Nanur Basha, the authors argue that global South queer domesticities — constituted by quotidian practices of queer worlding and expanding from apartments to rooftops to streets to political discourses — aspire to greater political freedom by deploying imaginative and counterhegemonic practices. As queer domesticities open up interstitial sanctuaries in nationalist discourses and within the urban fabric, they are also unmade by competing postcolonial nationalisms. Contesting Nanur Basha's reduction to a site of victimhood under Islamic terrorism and homophobia, this article illustrates how Nanur Basha indexes a subterranean modality of southern queer domesticity that negotiates secrecy, safety, celebration, and survival under heterosexist nationalist surveillance and violence. Such queer domesticities underpin an affective sanctuary at the borderlands between queer joy and injury. The article contributes to emerging conversations in transnational queer studies by situating queer worldmaking practices within landscapes of authoritarianism and queerphobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İnarası is located within the borders of Taşyayla village in Bucak district of Burdur province. This place was discovered in 2008 by F. Gülşen from Burdur Museum, who went with the court committee to investigate the illegal excavation incident in İnarası; the registration efforts were completed in 2009, and the boundaries of the area were determined and added to the cultural inventory in 2014. The data obtained during the rescue excavations carried out in the cave, which was determined to be used as a sacred area and naos in 2016-2017, belong to the Late Neolithic Age and the Ottoman Period. One of the most striking issues in this study is the inscriptions. The first of the inscriptions is the one that documents that the sanctuary was dedicated to the goddess Artemis. The second inscription, it is learned that it is not the name of the person who had votived, but the name of his father. In addition, it is suggested that a fragmentary inscription containing the letters MHTPI˂O may have been associated with Meter Oreia or Demeter. Another important subject of the study is the architectural elements that provide important clues regarding the restitution of the two facade arrangements of the sanctuary. It is known that in the Anatolian theological tradition, the continuity of the cult was ensured by the identification of the Mother Goddess with the belief in Ephesian Artemis. For this reason, the presence of worship areas related to the Mother Goddess on the main rock surrounding the sacred area in İnarası and on the hill to the north, and the construction of the Artemis sacred area in the same region later, are important evidence of the continuity of the cult.

Context: Quenda (bandicoots , Isoodon fusciventer) have shown a major decline in range since European settlement, contracting to the more mesic coastal and forest zones in south-west Western Australia. Key actions to recover this species include broad-scale fox control, cat control and reintroductions. Most reintroductions have been to coastal and forest habitats. Aims: To monitor the reintroduction of quenda to fox-free habitat of Wadderin Sanctuary in the wheatbelt of Western Australia, close to the eastern and drier margin of the species' former range. Methods: Relative abundance of the population was monitored over a 12-year period by regular standardised trapping throughout the sanctuary. Key results: Quenda were reintroduced in 2010 and have persisted for >12 years. They were protected from fox predation by an exclusion fence, but were subject to a low level of cat predation for the first 8 years. Quenda showed both a ~20% drop in mean body condition over time and a trend of decreasing number of pouch young per female over time, likely a result of a succession of dry years and intra-and inter-specific competition for food resources. However, despite this, the index of abundance suggests that quenda numbers substantially increased, aided by high annual recruitment, in years following removal of the feral cat. Conclusions: Quenda appear resilient at this site despite consecutive years of very low rainfall and apparent competition for food resources. Implications: Quenda seem able to persist on the drier margin of their former range when protected from high levels of predation. Reintroduction is a key strategy for re-establishing threatened species. Quenda (bandicoots, Isoodon fusciventer) were returned to the geographic and climatic margin of their former range after an absence of >40 years, persisting for more than 12 years despite drought and likely inter-and intra-specific competition for food resources. Minimising predation from foxes and feral cats was critical to the success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a survey on the territory of the Eklizi-Burun cult complex, a repeatedly densely folded fragment of a silver sheet was discovered. When unfolded during the restoration process, it turned out to be part of an art object depicting the mask of Medusa Gorgon. The size and shape of the item suggest its purpose as part of Roman military equipment (presumably part of the umbo or a knee guard). The stylistic features of the image give grounds to attribute it to the late Roman period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the North American Sanctuary Movement of the 1980s, a transnational network of churches and volunteers who used civil disobedience to spotlight the United States' harmful policies in Central America, provide a non-statist form of protection for forcibly displaced Salvadorans and Guatemalans, and challenge the unequal provision of the US's recently enacted asylum laws. Some of the research questions are deceptively simple: why did the Sanctuary Movement (or movements) exist? And, who were its leaders? Others are more utilitarian: what does the movement imply about the history of asylum in the US, and particularly the efficacy and equity of the protections set forth in the 1980 Refugee Act? Through these varied but related inquiries, this article suggests the 1980s Sanctuary Movement existed in the US because equitable asylum laws did not. The analysis concludes by underscoring sanctuary's continued resonances today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the results of the archaeological works, conducted at the Baba-Ata fortified settlement in 1950s. During the study of the settlement citadel, three building horizons, connected by a well with a total length of 15 m, were identified. The lower horizon of the citadel with a central domed room, where there was a well with an underground passage, turned out to be unique in its own way. Having no similar analogues, the construction on the lower horizon gave rise to a lot of different interpretations among specialists, who considered this building as a homestead, castle, temple, sanctuary, khanqah, etc. The architectural archaeological analysis of the entire complex of sources (articles, excavation journals of expedition participants, drawings and photographs of objects under study, etc.), some of which have not been published anywhere, made it possible to give a completely different interpretation and dating of the site. The Baba-Ata fortified settlement is identified with the city of Baruket in Arabic sources, it was built by the Samanids at the beginning of the 10th century as a border point in the northeast of the empire against the Guzes Initially, the lower horizon construction consisted of two floors. The lower – semibasement, which caused a lot of controversy, was a shelter with the possibility of evacuation through the underground passage during the hostilities and has no analogues, being a kind of only building in medieval architecture of Central Asia.

Most Udmurt living in the Bashkortostan Republic and in the Perm' region of the Russian Federation are followers of a traditional ethnic religion. In their spiritual life, a huge place is occupied by sanctuaries and other places in which their ritual practices take place, such as the worship of deities, spirits and ancestors. We can identify different types of such places in this Udmurt regional group: the sanctuary dedicated to the cult of the clan protector deities, groves dedicated to the god Lud, places dedicated to personal and family cults, sacred places of agrarian sacrifices, territories where funerary and commemorative rituals take place, places dedicated to the propitiation of evil spirits. Depending on their social status, the sanctuaries are regional or general and can be related to a family, clan, village, or multiple villages. In this article, which relies on the authors' ethnographic fieldwork and published sources, we analyse the present state of the sacred places. We show that the transformation of cultural patterns has led some types of sanctuary to cease functioning, while others have remained as relics and the places of agrarian sacrifices have undergone an active revitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing different animal groups in close-by facilities is common in wildlife centers. However, the impact on animal welfare is insufficiently studied in the literature. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of two adjacently housed chimpanzee groups to investigate how intergroup interactions may affect their behavior and, thus, their welfare. We recorded occurrences of abnormal and self-directed behaviors, two well-known indicators of stress in chimpanzees. Furthermore, we explored the social responses to said intergroup interactions by recording all inter- and intragroup affiliative and agonistic behaviors. Finally, we measured the number of vigilance occurrences that individuals directed towards other chimpanzees as an indicator of interest. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to assess whether and how social interactions between neighboring groups might influence their behaviors, taking gender, age, group, and intergroup participation into account. Our results suggest that intergroup interactions promoted the occurrence of affiliative behaviors between group members. However, intergroup interactions caused the chimpanzees to exhibit a higher number of abnormal and self-directed behaviors and increased vigilance towards their group members when agonistic intergroup interactions occurred. Thus, adjacent housing does impact the chimpanzees' behavior and welfare and should be continuously monitored and assessed to promote and maximize welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of continued debates about Christian supersessionism with regard to Judaism, this article revisits two texts which have been thought to display the harshest anti-temple attitudes in the New Testament: Stephen's speech in Acts 7, and the Letter to the Hebrews. Many scholars believe these two texts are connected, and a perceived anti-cultic attitude forms one of the key alleged similarities between the two. The article first examines shared lexical and conceptual points between the two texts, affirming their proximity. It then examines each text's cult attitude in turn. Stephen portrays the temple as divinely given yet always subordinate to God's heavenly presence. Hebrews frames deficiencies in the Levitical cultus as divinely intended in light of the heavenly tabernacle. These texts therefore do not condemn but instead relativize Israel's earthly sanctuary/ies, in keeping with themes in Israel's Scriptures, and thus should not be regarded as supsersessionist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaic sanctuaries have long been an integral part of research about the emergence of the Polis. The sanctuaries, which are thought to have been positioned in relation with the organization of urban space, are assumed to have been formed from the earliest times of the cities. So, they are often evaluated under the categories of "urban" and "extra urban". However, this concept of the polis, which has definite boundaries and built the urban space within these boundaries, is largely inspired by the poleis of the Classical Period. Besides it is inconvenient to find Archaic Period Poleis as an intangible authority that built its own space in a certain geography and displayed its identity there. Contrary to this point of view, current research on the Archaic Period sanctuaries is often concerned with the relations between alternative organizations and subgroups in society, rather than trying to decipher such control mechanisms. In this context, focusing on the relations established on the Mediterranean scale since the 7th century BC through a kind of globalization model brought new perspectives to researchers. Within the scope of this article, through the comparative analysis of the locations, architectural remains and other archaeological finds of several so-called extra urban archaic sanctuaries in Ionia, it will be questioned the importance of sea routes and whether it is possible to define the networks in which the visitors of the sanctuary are in. In this context, Samos Heraion finds have been examined in more detail as they seem to have a special importance. As an extension of this idea, changes in the material culture of the sanctuary have been tried to be evaluated within the framework of globalization models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public lands managed for wildlife frequently provide various forms of sanctuary to increase residency times and allow access to energetic and other habitat resources for waterfowl. The influence of sanctuary type and disturbance regime on resource use and fine-scale movements of waterfowl has not been investigated extensively using currently available transmitter technologies. We examined mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) use of various types of waterfowl sanctuary and non-sanctuary areas in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region of eastern Arkansas, USA, during winters of 2019-2021. We deployed 105 global positioning system transmitters on mallards at 4 closed-access spatial sanctuaries on or adjacent to Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge.We used hourly transmitter locations to examine mallard use of public sanctuary areas, public hunt areas, and private lands using integrated step selection analysis. Public sanctuary areas provided varying levels of protected status, public hunt areas allowed for varying levels of hunting intensity by duck hunters, and private lands were open to waterfowl hunting and other forms of private uses but may or may not have been hunted at any specific frequency. Mallards selected spatial sanctuary and avoided public hunt areas, other sanctuary types, and private lands during the day. In contrast, mallards selected for private lands over spatial sanctuary at night. Mallards tended to avoid areas that allowed duck hunting or used them during the night when risk of harvest mortality was removed. After the hunting season closed, mallards began using areas that previously allowed duck hunting during the day, suggesting that risk was the primary factor influencing site use. Moreover, mallards were 1.6 times more likely to use public daily hunt areas and 2.1 times more likely to use private lands potentially open to hunting during the day than spatial sanctuary 2 weeks after the close of duck hunting season in February. Spatial sanctuaries appear more effective in influencing mallard use than temporal sanctuaries or inviolate sanctuaries, which are commonly used by state and federal agencies. Partial daily, daily, or activity-specific (e.g., no hunting past noon, no hunting 3 days/week, no waterfowl hunting) closures to encourage mallard use of temporal sanctuaries do not appear to reduce the perceived harvest-related risk to mallards enough for them to view these areas as accessible or significantly increase their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sanctuary of Diana in Nemi is one of the most important archaeological sites in central Italy: the complex, built on different levels, consisted of three terraces with a great temple, a theatre, a nymphaeum and also other facilities, dating from the VII century BC to the Severian Age, with traces of destruction in the IV century AD. Since 2003, the University of Perugia carried on archaeological excavations in various parts of the Sanctuary, cooperating with both the Soprintendenza of Lazio and, from 2014, the Ludwig- Maximilians Universität of München. A considerable amount of materials has been brought to light from the site, of which votive bronze small-casted figurines are just a small part. Many of them represent gods, heroes and normal human beings, but there are also parts of human bodies or gods features. So, aim of this paper will be a preliminary analysis of these figurines, primarily to identify the subjects and then to describe their productive techniques. Finally, starting from the contexts of provenance, each one will be described and put in relation with parallels, not only to find a suitable chronology, but also to understand the meaning behind their use in such an important historical and archaeological place.

This paper discusses the use of castration as a means of population control for non-human primates where other means may be inefficient, ineffective or otherwise problematic. It is anecdotal in nature, using my experience and some reference to scientific studies for support.

Compassion fatigue (CF) refers to the exhaustion and distress caused by the demands of caring for others. CF occurs in a variety of helping professions, including physicians, nurses, educators, social workers and animal caregivers, and is known to adversely impact both caregivers' quality of life and the care they provide. This study assessed the prevalence, risk and protective factors, coping strategies and support programs for CF in chimpanzee caregivers (N = 123) at accredited sanctuaries and zoos in the United States. Online survey results revealed that 91.06% of chimpanzee caregivers experienced CF at some point in their careers. Common CF symptoms were exhaustion, frustration, anxiety, depression, and apathy. Perceived factors influencing CF included being understaffed, lacking resources and training, poor relationships with coworkers and supervisors, and financial insecurity. Commonly reported coping strategies were talking to someone, having pets, self-care, and getting away from work. 20.33% of caregivers reported having institutional support programs available to them, however they were rarely viewed as helpful and 32.52% of respondents were unsure about program availability. Overall, our findings suggest that, like other caregiving professionals, chimpanzee caregivers are susceptible to CF and may benefit from new or updated support programs that continue to build a 'culture of care' that meets employee, animal, and facility needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive Summary: This study explores the relationship between "sanctuary policies" that bar local law enforcement agencies from cooperating with federal immigration authorities and immigrant attitudes toward law enforcement agencies. It draws upon original survey data collected in New Mexico in 2019 and finds: • First, that immigrants who believe they are protected by sanctuary have more trust in their police and sheriffs than immigrants who anticipate collaboration between local law enforcement and immigration authorities; • Second, that awareness of sanctuary policies is nonetheless the exception to the rule, particularly among immigrant men. The study therefore highlights not only the limits to sanctuary policies sensu stricto but the limited scope and gendered nature of legal consciousness among immigrants in a multilayered enforcement regime. Our findings suggest that promoting sanctuary policies to immigrant communities, particularly through immigrant-serving agencies, may be nearly as critical in improved immigrant-police relations, as adopting sanctuary policies. The Department of Homeland Security and the courts should therefore adopt a uniform definition of sanctuary and disseminate it to state and local officials — especially in law enforcement — throughout the country. Furthermore, localities that adopt sanctuary policies should publicize them as widely as possible so that they have the desired effect in immigrant communities and facilitate the improvement of police-community relations in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In exploring the figuration and physical presence of Little Amal, a 12-foot Syrian girl puppet and main character in a moving piece of epic public theater titled The Walk, I consider the dueling realities of welcomeness and unwantedness, hypervisibility and invisibility, spatial dignity and spatial denial faced by refugee girls, real and represented. Accessing a feminist refugee epistemology, I position Amal in contrast to yet another symbol of refugee girlhood—popstar M.I.A.—to move away from the typical simultaneously superfluous and stunted representations of sanctuary-seeking girls and toward a provocation that accepts their creative and complex lifeworlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the concept and practice of sanctuary jurisdictions in the United States, including its secularization through its codification in state and local laws. It traces the political and legal battles that involve the contentious dynamics in the development and expansion of such jurisdictions. The article will highlight and examine California's Senate Bill 54 (SB-54), also known as the California Values Act. SB-54 was the first state bill to establish a statewide sanctuary jurisdiction expanding the 'geographies of sanctuary' beyond cities and counties. It was a bill enacted in response to the most anti-immigrant policies in contemporary U.S. history under the Trump administration. I will argue that the expansion of 'geographies of sanctuary' through state laws fosters more inclusive immigration federalism, directly challenging the enforcement of today's immigration laws considered by many as unfair and inhumane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Sanctuary is a term with implicit meaning associated with refuge and safety. In the animal husbandry setting, we have used this term to describe many different types of enclosures, with very little standardization of what this term should mean in terms of physical space, much less welfare in a broad sense. Here, I consider how extreme space, the deemphasis of the human–cetacean relationship, breeding restrictions, donation-based funding models, and current practices in public messaging create potential challenges for cetacean sanctuaries moving forward. I then offer experimental approaches to assessing the potential effectiveness of cetacean sanctuaries in improving cetacean welfare. To ensure the success of sanctuaries in maximizing animal welfare, it is essential to critically evaluate sanctuary standards against what is currently known about animals under managed care, as well as to determine what data are necessary to fully evaluate animal welfare in sanctuaries before these facilities are constructed. Housing cetaceans in netted sea pens is not new and is common for many accredited managed-care facilities. Hence, the distinction between sanctuary and sea pen is more about the philosophies of those who run these sanctuary facilities, the effects of these philosophies on the animals' welfare, and how proponents of these sanctuaries fund the care of these animals. Here, I consider what plans exist for cetacean sanctuaries and discuss the caveats and challenges associated with this form of activist-managed captivity. One goal for stakeholders should be to disregard the emotional connotations of the word "sanctuary" and explore these proposals objectively with the best interest of the animals in mind. Another focus should be related to gauging the public's understanding of proposed welfare benefits to determine if long-term supporters of donation-based sanctuary models will likely see their expectations met as NGOs and their government partners consider moving forward with cetacean sanctuary experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sanctuary of Diana in Nemi is one of the most important archaeological sites in central Italy: the complex, built on different levels, consisted of three terraces with a great temple, a theatre, a nymphaeum and also other facilities, dating from the VII century BC to the Severian Age, with traces of destruction in the IV century AD. Since 2003, the University of Perugia carried on archaeological excavations in various parts of the Sanctuary, cooperating with both the Soprintendenza of Lazio and, from 2014, the Ludwig- Maximilians Universität of München. A considerable amount of materials has been brought to light from the site, of which votive bronze small-casted figurines are just a small part. Many of them represent gods, heroes and normal human beings, but there are also parts of human bodies or gods features. So, aim of this paper will be a preliminary analysis of these figurines, primarily to identify the subjects and then to describe their productive techniques. Finally, starting from the contexts of provenance, each one will be described and put in relation with parallels, not only to find a suitable chronology, but also to understand the meaning behind their use in such an important historical and archaeological place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dissertation is meant to offer a summary of the restoration work carried out in the last quarter of the 19th century at the Basilica of the Twelve Holy Apostles in Rome, as well as the related construction of the crypt under its presbytery, where the relics of the saints are located, namely, the Apostles Philip and James the Lesser, along with other relics of saints in the "well of the martyrs". The summary is based upon the available archival documentation dealing with the subject, found mainly in the general archives of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, at the Friary of the Twelve Holy Apostles in Rome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phenomenology of factory farms and slaughterhouses, as well as associated animal sanctuaries, is mounted. It is found that other animals in the former situations are reified into machine-like beings, as are the workers who deal with them. In terms of critical hermeneutics, it is found that alienation from the process and product of work and from each other and themselves happens for both human and nonhuman denizens of these contexts. In animal sanctuaries, it is found that a contrary movement of "subjectification" occurs. The ethical ramifications of these patterns are that animals become bereft of moral standing in the former institutions and are restored to moral considerability in the latter context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a critical approach to the archaeological complex at Arbanas quarter in the town of Radomir. Its excavator identified the site as important production and trade centre that was built near a sanctuary of Zeus and Hera. After its destruction ca. middle of 3rd c. AD, at the beginning of the 4th c. AD a walled Early Christian martyrial complex was built on the place with two single-apse buildings, subsequently transformed into a monastery. The thorough analysis of the available archaeological information allows to propose a different function of the site. According to it, a sanctuary of Zeus and Hera was established sometimes in the second half of the 1st c. AD. After its demolition by the raids of the Costobocs (170s AD) or the Goths (the middle of the 3rd c. AD) the sanctuary was rebuilt with walled temenos and two apse temples placed in a peristyle courtyard. Two votive altars reused as building material in the nearby villa at Bela voda quarter of Pernik most probably originate from the sanctuary in question. Both are dedicated to Zeus Στοβουστορηνος what was probably the local name under which the two deities were worshipped in the sanctuary at Arbanas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a critical approach to the archaeological complex at Arbanas quarter in the town of Radomir. Its excavator identified the site as important production and trade centre that was built near a sanctuary of Zeus and Hera. After its destruction ca. middle of 3rd c. AD, at the beginning of the 4th c. AD a walled Early Christian martyrial complex was built on the place with two single-apse buildings, subsequently transformed into a monastery. The thorough analysis of the available archaeological information allows to propose a different function of the site. According to it, a sanctuary of Zeus and Hera was established sometimes in the second half of the 1st c. AD. After its demolition by the raids of the Costobocs (170s AD) or the Goths (the middle of the 3rd c. AD) the sanctuary was rebuilt with walled temenos and two apse temples placed in a peristyle courtyard. Two votive altars reused as building material in the nearby villa at Bela voda quarter of Pernik most probably originate from the sanctuary in question. Both are dedicated to Zeus Στοβουστορηνος what was probably the local name under which the two deities were worshipped in the sanctuary at Arbanas.

Compassion fatigue (CF) refers to the exhaustion and distress caused by the demands of caring for others. CF occurs in a variety of helping professions, including physicians, nurses, educators, social workers and animal caregivers, and is known to adversely impact both caregivers’ quality of life and the care they provide. This study assessed the prevalence, risk and protective factors, coping strategies and support programs for CF in chimpanzee caregivers (N = 123) at accredited sanctuaries and zoos in the United States. Online survey results revealed that 91.06% of chimpanzee caregivers experienced CF at some point in their careers. Common CF symptoms were exhaustion, frustration, anxiety, depression, and apathy. Perceived factors influencing CF included being understaffed, lacking resources and training, poor relationships with coworkers and supervisors, and financial insecurity. Commonly reported coping strategies were talking to someone, having pets, self-care, and getting away from work. 20.33% of caregivers reported having institutional support programs available to them, however they were rarely viewed as helpful and 32.52% of respondents were unsure about program availability. Overall, our findings suggest that, like other caregiving professionals, chimpanzee caregivers are susceptible to CF and may benefit from new or updated support programs that continue to build a ‘culture of care’ that meets employee, animal, and facility needs.

This article offers a review of the evidence that give insight into the religious ideas and cultic practices of soldiers and officers in the garrison of Tyras. In the southern part of the citadel, two structures were discovered, identified by the researchers as temples. A votive altar dedicated by a military sailor to the god with an epithet Invicto (Mithras or Hercules) and three fragmentary votive slabs with dedicatory inscriptions were also discovered at this area. A fragment of the limestone pediment of a small building with a dedicatory inscription in honor of the emperor was found within the citadel area. In the northern part of the citadel a marble relief depicting Artemis/ Diana and a marble statuette of Priapus were discovered. A structure located outside the citadel may be associated with the religious life of the Tyras garrison. It has an apse leaning against it on the east side. This structure might have been a sanctuary, dedicated to some unofficial cults of the Roman army, probably a Mithraeum. Indirectly, this assumption is confirmed by the fragments of reliefs depicting a Thracian horseman and a Mithras Tauroctony found in the adjacent area.

The multi-year project of the Nemea Center for Classical Archaeology (DAGRS), the Excavation and Conservation of the Early Christian Basilica, at the Sanctuary of Zeus in Ancient Nemea, Greece, began in 2022. The west end of the 5thc. CE building was investigated including the narthex and two rooms added later to the building on the north and south sides. We cleared areas that had been excavated in the 1920s, 1960s, and 1980 to reveal the building’s foundation walls, floor surfaces, and other architectural features, including previously unrecorded interior walls of the 4thc. BCE Xenon building from the pagan panhellenic sanctuary. Overlooked small finds, like coins and painted terracottas, were recovered and we began the full study of pottery and related finds from the previous excavations which remain unpublished.The ancient foundations of the Basilica, now accessible in the west part of the building, will be conserved this fall by consolidating the original crumbling mortar and masonry using a special binding agent. The remainder of the building will be reinvestigated and the masonry conserved in the coming seasons.

The ferry from Havana to Regla, Cuba, transports visitors from today's cruise ship docks across a brief stretch of water in about 20 min. Despite its brevity, this watery passage symbolically foregrounds the Marian devotion on the southern rim of the grand harbor. In this way, water conjoins African diasporic histories of enslavement, labor, survival, resistance, daily life, and religiosity within Havana Bay, into which two urban geographies project. Regla historically served as a municipality for dockworkers and shipwrights and became an enclave for identity creation, civil association, and religious worship for people of African descent. The church and sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de Regla ("Our Lady of Regla") has nurtured this connection as it houses effigies of the venerated Virgin, adorned in blue. The Virgin of Regla represents one of two, along with El Cobre, of the most important Marian devotions on the island of Cuba and is the focus of insular and diasporic pilgrimage. In Regla, the Virgin's nautical iconography decorates the sanctuary and historically connects her to the working populations who sustained this devotion as they serviced Havana Harbor with their labor. Adjacent to the church is a waterfront park that looks out on the water and the city of Havana beyond. Bordered on one side by a low wall, the park incorporates a large ceiba tree, ceiba pentandra, also known as the silk cotton or kapok tree, a tropical species with a large trunk and spreading tree canopy native to Mexico and Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, and West Africa (with a similar variety found in South and Southeast Asia). This article considers landscape as a methodology for examining the interplay of this tree and the adjacent church as interwoven and mutually reinforcing sites of devotion for the worship of the Virgin Mary and the oricha Yemayá in Regla, Cuba, with a view toward a broader set of local and global spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Chimpanzees Tatu and Loulis use signs of American Sign Language. This study presents sign use over 8 years while living at the sanctuary of the Fauna Foundation. They used a majority of the signs in their base vocabulary each year in a variety of communicative functions. Adult chimpanzees Tatu and Loulis lived at the Fauna Foundation sanctuary. They had acquired signs of American Sign Language (ASL) while young and continued to use them as adults. Caregivers with proficiency in ASL maintained daily sign language records during interactions and passive observation. Sign checklists were records of daily vocabulary use. Sign logs were records of signed interactions with caregivers and other chimpanzees. This study reports sign use from eight years of these records. Tatu and Loulis used a majority of their base vocabularies consistently over the study period. They used signs that they had acquired decades earlier and new signs. Their utterances served a variety of communicative functions, including responses, conversational devices, requests, and descriptions. They signed to caregivers, other chimpanzees, including those who did not use signs, and to themselves privately. This indicates the importance of a stimulating and interactive environment to understand the scope of ape communication and, in particular, their use of sign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Strong social‐ecological trade‐offs between resource extraction and protection have created challenges for large, protected area management in natural resource‐dependent countries. Therefore, local governments and community conservation activities are becoming common and information about low environmental exposure and high biodiversity can provide for planning localized conservation activities. Location: The western Indian Ocean. Methods: Coral reef sites were evaluated for local‐scale environmental and species richness to elucidate local patterns in spatial heterogeneity. Local coral and fish taxonomic richness and coral community susceptibility to stress were normalized to partially account for common and heterogenous disturbances to coral cover and fish biomass. Residuals of these three response variables were evaluated for local geographic patterns and specific relationships with 21 environmental variables using machine learning methods. Results: Richness was highly variable at local geographies and had a double‐peaked shape with latitudes. Thirteen of the 21 examined variables were selected and indicated complex, spatially heterogeneous and weak cumulative predictive relationships with specific environmental and human influences. For example, each selected variable contributed 7% to 25% of the variance but with different relationships for the three responses. Coral fish richness and coral community susceptibility correlations were positive but weak and therefore produced different local spatial patterns. Nevertheless, these spatial patterns exhibited some coarse‐scale similarities indicating locations with shared positive community attributes and potential climate refugia. Shared richness variables included depth and wave energy, temperature variables of SST skewness, excess heat and rate of rise. Human influences of distance to shore, human populations and cities were also selected for richness and community susceptibility responses. Main Conclusions: Planning to include local stress and richness patterns variability could contribute to species persistence. From these specific data, sites in the Pemba Channel between the Tanzanian mainland and Pemba Island, and northern Mozambique and Madagascar fit refugia characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purna Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Sahyadri range in Dang District of Gujarat State. A survey of the sanctuary was conducted to explore moth fauna from the area, as no previous work is available on this group. Thus, an attempt has been made to study the moth fauna based on collections made from April 2019 to March 2021 under the various ranges of the sanctuary. During the studies, a list of 42 species referable to 39 genera and nine families have been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the possibility of basing the idea that the Ka'bah was the first temple of the earth from the Qur'ān has been investigated. Although not about the sanctity of the Ka'bah, it is seen that there is a disagreement among Muslims about when and by whom it was built. In this regard, some scholars, even the vast majority of scholars, defend the idea that the Ka'bah is the first temple on earth, while others argue that the Ka'bah was built by Abraham in the time of Abraham. It is not possible for a Muslim who argues that the idea that "the Ka'bah is the first temple built on earth" is based on the Qur'ān, to accept the idea that there could be any temple built before the Ka'bah. Therefore, based on the conclusion to be reached as a result of the study, it will be answered whether expressing such a thought would be objectionable in terms of the science of tafsīr. In the issue of when the Ka'bah was built, the reference is mostly to the Sūrat al-Baqara 2/127, Sūrat Āl-Imrān 96, Sūrat Ibrāhīm 14/37, Sūrat al-Hajj 22/26, verses 29 and 33. However, the discussion is mostly based on the 96th verse of Sūrat Āl-„Imrān. However, since the literal reading of the verse seems to indicate a temporal priority in the absolute sense, this verse was first analysed in detail and then the other verses were analysed. Since the narrations about when the Ka'bah was built are of vital importance for the understanding of the verse we will examine, these narrations have been analysed first. With the documentation study, it was tried to convey how the relevant verse was understood in the tafsīr corpus and to analyze it as much as possible. Considering the related narrations, knowledge of the reason for its descent, context, philological explanations, and different interpretations of the commentators on the subject, it is possible to say that the verse in question emphasizes the priority and superiority of the Ka'bah over Bayt al-Maqdis, but it is not possible to say that the verse definitely indicates that "the Ka'bah was the first temple built on earth". In conclusion, considering the verses and related narrations, it can be said that it is not a problem in terms of the science of tafsīr to say that there may have been various temples built before the Ka'bah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the use of castration as a means of population control for non-human primates where other means may be inefficient, ineffective or otherwise problematic. It is anecdotal in nature, using my experience and some reference to scientific studies for support.

One of the main sanctuaries in the city of Ai Khanum was excavated between 1968 and 1973 under the direction of Paul Bernard and its study is nearing completion. The purpose of this article is to describe how the sanctuary was organized and the different rituals celebrated within its walls. The sanctuary comprised several buildings standing around a courtyard, which formed the core of the sacred space. The lands extending on either side of the courtyard also belonged to its properties and were used for economic activities. At least two deities were honoured by rituals that generally left few traces. They received votive offerings, but also cereal -based food offerings, perhaps consumed during sacred banquets. Foundation and purification rituals can also be highlighted.