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The deficiency in providing quality education is a significant challenge across many developing nations. This study examines the connection between the education system and the level of socioeconomic issues in the context of Nepal. The main argument is that Nepal's gender-related issues, the training gap among its populace concerning pro-environmental behavior, lateness habits, skill deficiency among the young generation, and unstable economic growth are directly or indirectly connected to the country's education system. Nepal's school-level educational programs and teaching methods are less practical for fostering human capital and economic progress than Japanese educational programs. Based on the context of Nepal, human capital theory, and research literature pertaining to educational programs, we propose a comprehensive intervention model composed of several non-academic programs, including physical education, community cleaning, and school textiles, designed to augment Nepal's social and economic development.

Under-education in Cameroon significantly hampers the nation's socio-economic development. Addressing this issue is crucial for enhancing the overall quality of life and economic growth of the country. This study identifies and analyses the primary factors contributing to under-education, offering actionable solutions to improve educational outcomes and promote sustainable development. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. Surveys were conducted with 1,000 households across urban and rural regions, alongside in-depth interviews with 50 educators, policymakers, and community leaders, and field observations in 20 schools. Structured questionnaires, semi-structured interview guides, and observation checklists were used. Advanced statistical techniques, including regression and factor analysis, were applied.

The purpose of the current study is to reveal the reflections of the Köycegiz Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) field trip planned within the context of the unit "Domestic Waste and Recycling" and the activities carried out concerning this trip on middle school students in Turkey. This research was conducted based on the semi-mixed method using a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The quantified data were collected using open-ended questions about domestic waste and recycling, while the qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Twenty-seven middle school students (17 females, 10 males) participated in the study selected by convenience sampling method. According to the study's quantitative findings, the field trip to the wastewater treatment plant made the students realize the wastes produced at home, recyclable materials, the importance of recycling, and the contributions of wastewater treatment plants to the country's economy and nature. On the other hand, the quantitative findings indicate that this trip helped the students develop more eco-centric behaviors (Protection of biodiversity, Protection of nature, and Protection of resources, etc.). Moreover, the contributions made by the field trip structured within environmental education to the students could be gathered under the following headings: sustainability, personal, and cognitive.

This study aims to investigate environmentally responsible and sustainable development of 56 pre-service teachers which relevant to framework of sustainable development goals. The qualitative data were collected and analyzed by summarizing general perspectives. The 9 concepts were found and reported. The ways to sustain environments and education students to reach sustainable development can be done by reduce, reuse, recycle; conserve water; save energy; sustainable transportation; grow trees and keep open areas green; waste management; support eco-friendly products; reduce carbon footprint; and conserve biodiversity. These frameworks and perspectives should be incorporated in education and classroom in action.

Objective: This study examined children's representations of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as their pandemic experiences against the backdrop of the world having transitioned to normalcy. Design: Mixed-methods approach encompassing both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Setting: Two middle schools in Hefei city in mid-eastern China. Method: Data were collected using a qualitative task which elicited children's drawings, commentaries, answers to questions related to their pandemic experiences, followed by small-group interviews. Content analysis and emergent coding techniques were employed to analyse the data, the extracted themes of which were then quantified to reveal their incidence and distribution. Results: Analysis of the multimodal data set revealed children not only depicted viral morphology but also evoked emotions. The pandemic had brought about changes in children's lives, marked by a shift towards more academic activities, rest and relaxation and screen time. These changes also raised psychological, physical and social development concerns warranting mitigation. Multifaceted sources were identified as contributing to children's unhappiness, including restricted social interactions, educational challenges, emotional and psychological issues. Notably, children reported enhanced pre- to post-pandemic hygiene and sanitisation practices. Unsubstantiated beliefs relating to processes of recovery suggest the need for clearer communication in this regard. Conclusion: The study highlights the necessity for health education to support children in physical and psychological coping during a pandemic and build their resilience against future epidemics. Actively listening to children's account of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and their pandemic experiences paves the way for making health education initiatives more relatable and attuned to their needs.

Since 2020, a network of actors and organizations have united in the implementation of education censorship--posing school-wide implications and impositions on the practice of mental health practitioners. States have outlined race and diversity curricula bans, sports and restroom bans, anti-Diversity, Equity and Inclusion legislation, and laws to undermine Social-Emotional Learning. In this paper, we explore the impact of education censorship and anti-Social-Emotional Learning legislation in relation to school mental health. To discuss the responses and advocacy of school mental health practitioners, we provide an overview of education censorship, noting the scope, prevalence, and evolution of topics to explicate a deeper understanding of the legislative action imposed over the last few years. Next, we delineate three non-exhaustive explanations of the legislation: the evolution of education censorship, education governance and corporate curricula control, and the shift to transformative Social-Emotional Learning. To strategize on how to respond to these trends we provide two alternative response pathways, offer implications, and discuss aspects of advocacy, resistance, and action. In conclusion, we provide a discussion to extend each response pathway, providing additional considerations, implications, and outline calls for action.

Integrating service learning with undergraduate research, the student biodiesel project converted all waste vegetable oil (WVO) from campus dining centers into a sustainable biofuel used by campus vehicles, allowing half of the campus diesel energy needs to be met by a material (WVO) that was formerly a waste. Biodiesel reduced air pollution from campus diesel vehicles, including the emission of greenhouse gases. This project connected students to their community and increased students' awareness of the "social/economic" aspects of environmental challenges in the world around them. Students felt a "great sense of responsibility to make a real product that would make a difference" in the real world. Students who participated in the research course became teaching assistants for another regular course in which biodiesel production was a component. This allowed biodiesel to be produced sustainably and provided additional students with hands-on bioenergy experience. Specific challenges and suggestions for future practices are also reported.

A workshop in environmental sustainability was organized to develop the skills and competencies in mitigating climate change, adapting climate risk management, managing waste, adapting sustainable human settlements and using sustainable transport, and developing skills of reducing CO2 emissions, and conserving energy and ecosystem, & educating people. The study aimed to compare current opinion of participants in environmental sustainability. After a short notification in the print medias and websites; students, teachers, and local people expressed their interested and joined in an environmental sustainability workshop organized in the Department of Education, Assam University, Silchar, India. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test used to assess the mean differences in the opinion of the participants in environmental sustainability. It resulted that the participants who were actively participated have no differences in their opinion in skills and competencies in mitigating climate change, adapting climate risk management, managing waste, adapting sustainable human settlements and using sustainable transport, and developing skills of reducing CO2 emissions, and conserving energy and ecosystem, & educating people.

Background: While there is now considerable evidence in support of a relationship between executive function (EF) and academic success, these findings almost uniformly derive from Western and high-income countries. Yet, recent findings from low- to -middle-income countries have suggested that patterns of EF and academic skills differ in these contexts, but there is little clarity on the extent, direction and nature of their association. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of EF to pre-academic skills in a sample of preschool children (N = 124; M[subscript age] = 50.91 months; 45% female). Setting: Two preschools were recruited from an urban setting in a community with both formal and informal housing, overcrowding, high levels of crime and violence, and poor service delivery. Three preschools were recruited from rural communities with household plots, a slow rate of infrastructure development, reliance on open fires for cooking, limited access to running water and rudimentary sanitation. Methods: Pre-academic skills were assessed using the Herbst Early Childhood Development Criteria test, and EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Results: Although EF scores appeared high and pre-academic skills were low (in norm comparisons), EF inhibition ([beta] = 0.23, p = 0.001) and working memory ([beta] = 0.25, p < 0.001) nevertheless showed strong prediction of pre-academic skills while shifting was not significant. Conclusion: While EF is an important predictor of pre-academic skills even in this low- and middle-income country context, factors in addition to EF may be equally important targets to foster school readiness in these settings. Contribution: The current study represents a first step towards an understanding of the current strengths that can be leveraged, and opportunities for additional development, in the service of preparing all children for the demands of school.

This work provides inspiration to foster Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in teaching practices related to waste management. Problem-Based Learning is about providing a learning environment where students can work practically and theoretically with problems of relevance for society. In this learning process, students themselves will define societally important problems and direct the problem identification, problem analysis, and problem-solving processes. The PBL approach at the engineering and technical faculties at Aalborg University acts as a case of inspiration to exemplify how the structure of a problem-based project can foster students' competencies and agency to contribute to a circular economy related to waste.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a high level of scientific illiteracy and mistrust that pervades the scientific and medical communities. This finding has proven the necessity of updating current methods used to expose undergraduates to research. The research in traditional course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) is limited by undergraduate time constraints, skill level, and course structure, and consequently it does not attain the learning objectives or the high-impact, relevant studies achieved in graduate-level laboratories using a cyclic trainee/trainer model. Although undergraduate independent study (ISY) research more closely matches the structure and learning objectives of graduate-level research, they are uncommon as professors and universities typically view them as a significant time and resource burden with limited return. Cyclic independent study-assisted CUREs (CIS-CUREs) combine many positive aspects of ISY graduate-level research, and CUREs by pre-training ISY research lead to facilitate CURE proposal and project semesters in a cyclic model. The CIS-CURE approach allowed undergraduate students at Stetson University to perform and disseminate more rigorous, involved, long-term, and challenging research projects, such as the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. In doing so, all students would have the opportunity to participate in a high-impact research project and consequently gain a more comprehensive training, reach higher levels of research dissemination, and increase their competitiveness after graduating. Together, CIS-CUREs generate graduates with higher scientific literacy and thus combat scientific mistrust in communities.

This study seeks to identify Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) principles for producing Digital Storytelling (DS) in Investigation Group (IG) among Brazilian basic education students, based on socio-scientific themes. This investigation used qualitative research. The methodological path consisted of developing IG activities aimed at promoting and integrating RRI skills via DS construction by the students. Data were collected using a field diary, video recordings of the IG meetings, and the DS themselves. We observed that RRI axes are directly and indirectly addressed by DS, and seemed to be mostly articulated by elaborating and presenting the narratives within the IG. With the strategy of integrating DS into RRI practices, students took an investigative stance that brought school activities closer to making real changes in society. Communicating student production during and after completing the DS reinforced articulation between RRI and DS.

School toilets, globally and historically, have been problematic as places of shame and bullying, often providing pupils with inadequate facilities. This participatory student research project sought to develop political agency with youth researchers, equipping them with research skills to develop a project about school toilets, and to help challenge and shape their school's policy and practice. By applying Sara Ahmed's concepts of willful subjects (2014) and complaint (2021) to the data, we begin to question who can use school toilets as expected. Often fear, disgust and restrictions encourage, if not force, disabled, menstruating, transgender and gender diverse students, to contravene toilet norms, and be considered willful. We worked with student researchers to problematize issues and explore the potential for more effective policies. We argue it is imperative to use feminist pedagogy to challenge toilet policy and practice, with children and young people, to achieve wider social justice in education.

After the mushrooming growth of the institutions providing technical education in India, questions are being raised about the quality of education dispensed to technical graduates. The purpose of this study is to recognise the various factors, in order of their importance, that are responsible for declining quality of technical education in Punjab, India. A structured questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 465 students and 310 teachers from 31 engineering institutions of the Punjab region in India. Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance was used to analyse the data. The result of the analysis of factors leading to deteriorating quality of technical education in Punjab reveals that at aggregate level, students have assigned rank I to economic factors; the teachers has assigned rank I to ethical factors.

This study aims to investigate Kazakhstani high school students' environmental knowledge, attitude toward the environment, environmental awareness, and environmental concern, and to present the effect of various extracurricular activities on high school students' knowledge, attitude, awareness, and concern. We surveyed 124 students at various grade levels. Results indicated that Kazakhstani students did not have a strong environmental knowledge base and their awareness of environmental issues is not strong at all, but they had a strong positive environmental attitude. There was no significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and awareness based on grades in biology, chemistry, physics, math, and geography. Gender did not influence students' environmental knowledge, attitudes, and awareness but year in school did for environmental knowledge. Kazakhstani students were most concerned about air pollution, pollution of rivers and seas, and flooding, and they were the least concerned with overpopulation, radioactive waste, extinction of species, and climate change. Extracurricular activities did prove useful with increasing students' knowledge and awareness about environmental challenges but did not impact their environmental attitude. Our results imply that what is being taught about the environment in Kazakhstani schools is not substantial enough. Educators may modify the curriculum to better address environmental issues in the classroom and add more content and activities.

Contributions: This article explores the impact of environmental education interventions about e-waste recycling and management practices as well as about the energy usage of data centers (DCs) into the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) university curricula. Intended Outcomes: An education program was implemented aiming to raise awareness about energy conservation, attitudinal disposition, and e-waste management practices of ICT students in a Greek University. Methodology: The results were derived from the processing of two questionnaires (pretest and post-test data), which were distributed during two lectures on sustainability and green information technology at a two-week interval. Findings: The findings of the study prove that although the majority of the ICT students had a deficient level of knowledge of e-waste recycling and energy usage in DCs, they showed a significant increment of knowledge and awareness regarding them. Moreover, it was observed that the direct effect of the educational intervention on the intention of the students to engage in e-waste recycling was significant. The research also revealed that ICT students showed a positive perception and attitude toward e-waste recycling and recognized the positive financial effect of the proper e-waste recycling and management after the educational intervention.

This article aims to share part of some middle-term research focused on Argentinian school bathrooms. Bathrooms in Argentina emerged around 1850 and have been present - with nuances - in public and domestic buildings since the last third of the nineteenth century. Particularly, primary-school bathroom history is marked by two facts. First, these spaces are closely related to central schooling topics such as behaviours, privacy, intimacy, as well as gender and generational roles. Second, architectural and engineering developments and the proliferation of bathrooms were contemporary processes. The goal here is to trace some relationships between school spaces, materials, objects, and practices present in school bathrooms in the city of Buenos Aires between 1880 and 1930. The focus will be on school bathrooms, but it is also worth mentioning some connections with broader networks such as sanitary bureaucracy and transnational commercial circuits. As a general method, we pursued the Grounded Theory proposal. We worked with several sources: National Council of Education (CNE) files, construction and sanitary regulations, the Sanitary Ministry memories and documents. Due to our interest in objects (for example, sanitary artefacts) and materials, we took in commercial catalogues, a sanitary workers' journal and archaeological works. First, we will briefly describe some features of the "latrine model". Then, we would like to discuss the mutation to a more industrialised model, which is the one that persists to this day.

Overwhelming waste is one of the most compelling issues that contemporary environmental and sustainability education (ESE) should address. Understanding waste as an embodiment and offspring of ongoing colonial relations in the Capitalocene, I explore how ESE could perform a string figure with a wasted world by decolonizing more-than-human relationships. The intersections and tensions between colonialism, waste, and ESE are investigated, with a focus on the de/colonization of waste and child. Then, I integrate them with Korean stories in which wasted beings unsettle dumping colonialism and renew their entanglements with a more-than-human world. From their interpretation emerges a polysemous metaphor of waste-child as ambivalent figures and relations of a ruined world. The metamorphosis of waste-child suggests an imaginary praxis of becoming waste and feral, affirming ambiguity and liminality. I propose the futurity of ESE joining in the intertwinement of planetary legacy and colonial debris by multispecies critters for their un/common decolonization.

This study identified the influence of parents' perceived risks and benefits on children's avoidance of street food near schools in Indonesia. It also assessed how food risk knowledge and trust in food sellers influence risk - benefit perceptions and the moderating effect of school type. An online survey was conducted with 576 parents of elementary schoolchildren in Jakarta and West Java, and structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypotheses. The results showed that parents' avoidance of street food near schools was significantly influenced by parents' health and sanitation risk perception and nutritional benefit perception. Parents' perceived health and sanitation risk and food risk in street food near schools increased as they gained more food risk knowledge. However, trust in food sellers decreased their perception of risks. Multiple group analysis revealed a moderating effect of school type. Some of the influences were observed only in the parents from public school. The findings suggest that government regulations, school-based nutrition education, and parental support are needed to ensure safe and nutritious street food near schools; thus, schoolchildren can access safe, healthy, and nutritious foods.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate amount of food waste and the number of food packages used in Finnish households with university students. The aim of the paper is to answer the following research questions: How much avoidable food waste is generated in the participating various sized households? How much unavoidable food waste is generated in the participating various sized households? How many food packages are classified as deposit, municipal waste or recycled in the participating various sized households? Design / methodology /approach: The data was collected among the students in Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences. A total of results from 432 households with 890 persons are presented. The participating households weighed their unavoidable and avoidable food waste and calculated the food packages during one week. The results were analysed in Excel and the statistical significance assessed using a t-test. Findings: The average avoidable and unavoidable food wastages were 498 g/week/person, i.e. 25.9 kg/year/person and 543 g/week/person, i.e. 28.3 kg/year/person, respectively. Single-person households generate more avoidable and unavoidable food waste as well as packages per person than other sized households. The results show that there is no correlation between the amount of avoidable food waste/person, unavoidable food waste/person or packages/person. Originality/value: This kind of research has sparsely been reported. The food and package wastage definitions vary, and thus it is difficult to compare these results with other reported results.

The complexities of the civil rights movement are rarely presented in elementary social studies. Year after year, students repeat the same decontextualized "I Have a Dream" crafts and assignments, tasks that do little to help students understand the country's history of racism or the racial dynamics of today. Instead of perpetuating the myth that a select handful of heroic figures made change on their own, educators should situate these figures within collective struggles for justice and interrogate what these figures stood for and stood against. In this article, the author contends that teachers can challenge the oversimplified narrative of Martin Luther King Jr. typically taught in elementary schools through an inquiry into the Memphis Sanitation Strike. Designed for students in grades 3-5, this inquiry includes children's literature and a four-part primary source investigation following the C3 inquiry arc.

Purpose: This paper aims to present insights on the governance of sustainability transitions in higher education in Africa. The authors interrogate the research literatures on the governance of socio-technical transitions in water, electricity, transport and waste management, and identify barriers and enabling factors that enhance transformative practices in universities. Design/methodology/approach: The analytical framework proposed in this paper combines the elements of governance network theory (GNT) and transition topology. The framework of this study is grounded in an actor-centric approach using GNT to understand networks conducive to sustainability transitions. Events and governance networks were mapped on a transition topology to visualise organisational and institutional changes over time. The study engaged students, management, academic and administrative staff in building a community of practice towards sustainability. This research is based on qualitative content analysis grounded in interview data, focus group discussions, workshops, webinars and secondary data analysis. Findings: The findings show that the university has consolidated a sustainability vision and targets, but several factors prevent the community from achieving these targets, including hierarchical decision-making processes, a multitude of disjointed committees and fragmentation in the campus community. Originality/value: This research adds to an emerging body of literature in the field of sustainability in higher education with two contributions. Firstly, the study presents a novel perspective(s) on the governance of sustainability transitions by combining the literatures on governance and sustainability transitions using a new methodological approach of transition topology to show organisational and institutional changes. Secondly, the study presents new empirical evidence for improving the governance of sustainability transitions in a diverse and highly unequal African university community in the process of (de)colonisation of knowledge and governance.

Japanese teachers consider clean-up time to be the group's responsibility, and they rely on the use of music and encouragement to make clean-up time an appealing activity. The children's positive feelings also may be partially explained by the fact that teachers consider clean-up time to be an extension of play, saving toys and activities for the next day so children may enjoy them again. Teachers use the "han" (group) to help children find peer-based rather than teacher-based methods of dealing with breakdowns in cooperative work. In each "han," children are divided into small groups of 4 or 5 children, and members of each "han" are responsible for their peers in the group. If "han" members fail to work together, teachers will encourage children to find the solution to problems by directing them to suggest a pragmatic strategy for eliciting cooperative behavior instead of using criticism or peer pressure. According to the author, to minimize the impression of their control, teachers delegate authority to children and encourage them to manage their own problems without teacher intervention. Teachers use both music and encouragement to promote children's involvement in various activities and tasks. All preschool teachers are required to be skilled in playing the piano, and they use music rather than spoken words to signal any transition time. These children's positive feelings about cleaning appear to be associated with teacher guidance. The teachers do not force children to engage in clean-up time, yet simply perceive it to be the group's responsibility and make it appealing.

This study explores the experiences of project-based learning (PBL) experimentation in Chinese high schools, especially the feedback that Chinese students have for better practicing PBL in China. We conducted a case study at two Chinese high schools in an intermediate city, Suzhou, which started their first PBL practice. The two high schools were chosen because of their unique initiative to mix visually impaired students (VIS) and ordinary students in a PBL course, which focuses on "designing accessible garbage bins for VIS." Interviews and observations were conducted. All data are anonymized. After two rounds of thematic sorting and coding of the qualitative data, we found that the PBL course helped students develop two aspects of the civic participation dimension of core competence: social responsibility and problem-solving. Students learned to empathize with VIS to understand their needs and to build a more feasible and usable garbage bin. This study provides instructional recommendations in terms of how to better utilize the pedagogy of PBL in Chinese K-12 schools, particularly to support teachers to facilitate students' development of core competence and learning of inclusion, social responsibility, and sustainability by using the PBL technique.

In a small village in the Ecuadorian Andes called Racar, plastics are intimately woven into social and ecological structures. These entanglements move beyond human control and generate toxic dependencies between humans, plastics, and others. This requires a pedagogical shift in how early childhood educators understand and respond to plastics. Drawing on field research with educators in Racar, this paper attempts to interrupt human-centric discourses of the child as separate from Andean ecologies and resituates childhoods as differentially embedded in complex place relations.

In this research, it was aimed to determine science students' awareness on waste management. Eleven students studying in the first year of the Science Education Department participated in the research. The screening model was used in the research. The data were collected through scientific newspapers prepared in line with the Scientific Newspaper Preparation Instruction within the Scope of Waste Management. In the five sections of the instruction, students were asked to prepare scientific newspapers that they will support with written explanations and drawings on recovery, reuse, recycling, plastic bag usage, and zero waste within waste management. The data were analyzed by using content analysis. As a result of the research, it was understood that a significant part of the students was aware of the effects of education, research, and project activities on recovery, reuse, recycling, plastic bag usage, and zero waste practices within the scope of waste management, and the place and importance of the individual in waste management. On the other hand, it was understood that most of the students were not aware of the basis of waste management practices as the waste types, the separation of wastes at the source in accordance to their types, and throwing the wastes into the appropriate waste bin for their types.

The Zero Waste Project is likely to solve waste problems. This research aims to specify the opinions of teachers regarding Turkey's Zero Waste Project (TZWP). This study was carried out in the 2019-2020 academic year, with 126 participating teachers working in various disciplines, such as science, math, and social sciences, in the primary and secondary public schools. The semi-structured interview was used as a method in this research that covered qualitative data techniques. The obtained data was studied by using descriptive analysis. However, this study's findings suggested that most teachers did not know anything about the project implemented for four years. It was seen that teachers were not well-informed about or ignorant of zero waste. The educators are needed to achieve the goals of TZWP. Thus, it is suggested that environmental education be included in various disciplines and raise environmental awareness among individuals should become one of national education's primary objectives. It is a must, too, for all teachers and teacher candidates to develop environmental awareness.

This study is a case study that investigates the perceptions of preschool children about the causes, consequences, and solutions to environmental problems. A total of 41 children participated in the study. The data were obtained by using the draw and explain the technique, which included 3 different drawings and telling the children about the causes, consequences, and solutions of environmental problems. In the analysis of the data, the content analysis method was used. As a result of the research, it was found that the preschool children's perceptions were limited; however, as the age group grows, it has been determined that the icons used in the pictures related to the causes, consequences, and solutions of the environmental problems vary. It was revealed that the children associate the causes and consequences of environmental problems with pollution and the ways of solving environmental problems with the prevention/elimination of this pollution. It has been observed that the number of children related to the destruction of nature and irresponsible consumption of natural resources with environmental problems is very limited. In order to improve children's perceptions of environmental problems, it is suggested that teachers and parents should give more space to activities and games related to the environment in daily flow.

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in pre-service science teachers' entrepreneurship mindsets during engineering design-based activities. A holistic single-case study was used in the study. Twenty-eight pre-service teachers carried out engineering design-based activities (five weeks, 20 hours) in the science teaching laboratory practices course. The pre-service teachers' use of Entrepreneurship Mindsets (EM) in solving the water pollution problem during engineering design-based activities was examined in this study. Data were collected via engineering design challenge worksheets and public service announcements. The data were analyzed with the Extended KEEN Student Outcomes (eKSOs) rubric. Frequency tables were created in line with the sub-dimensions of EM (curiosity, connections, creating value, communication, character, and collaboration). As a result of the research, it was found that the pre-service teachers mostly used curiosity, connections, and creating value during the water treatment and wastewater assessment plant design process. Engineering is an important context for the development of EM as it creates various contexts that contribute to the development of these mindsets in pre-service science teacher education.

This research was carried out with the aim of examining the opinions of teachers about classroom rules in basic education in terms of various variables. The research data were obtained through interviews with 60 teachers. In the research, why the classroom rules are necessary in basic education, what the classroom rules are that they care about the most, what the methods they use while teaching the rules to the children, what the classroom rules are about health, safety, cleanliness, learning environment, communication and social relations are examined. According to the results obtained, it was determined in line with the opinions of the teachers that the classroom rules in basic education are necessary for classroom management, quality education, character education and effective communication. It has been revealed that the methods that teachers use most while teaching the rules are modelling, drama and expression. It has been determined that hygiene, self-care and healthy nutrition are at the forefront in the classroom rules determined by the teachers regarding health. It has been determined that classroom safety, not harming peers, and avoiding dangers are primarily stated in the classroom rules determined by the teachers regarding safety. Classroom cleaning, throwing garbage in the trash, personal cleaning and hygiene are at the forefront in the classroom rules determined by the teachers. Communication, physical conditions, use of materials and student participation were frequently emphasized in the classroom rules determined by the teachers regarding the learning environment. It is important to have a say, to listen, to be respectful, to empathize and to be kind in the classroom rules determined by the teachers regarding communication. In addition, being tolerant, peer relations, sharing, group work and play come to the fore in the classroom rules determined by the teachers regarding social relations.

The present research aims to ascertain the views of the people in Russia, about their levels of awareness in terms of hygiene and personal care for protection against the coronavirus. Data for this research were collected through an online questionnaire developed by researchers using a quantitative research approach. A total of 439 people living in different districts of the Russian Federation were involved to the research based on simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. Results revealed that the participants paid attention to not having close contact with other people to protect themselves against the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also revealed that they wash their hands after visiting the toilet and stand one meter away from other people. It was also found that television is the mass medium through which they follow the information on personal care and hygiene-related to the COVID-19 pandemic most frequently.

Visual data have dramatically increased in quantity in the digital age, presenting new opportunities for social science research. However, the extensive time and labor costs to process and analyze these data with existing approaches limit their use. Computer vision methods hold promise but often require large and nonexistent training data to identify sociologically relevant variables. We present a cost-efficient method for curating training data that utilizes simple tasks and pairwise comparisons to interpret and analyze visual data at scale using computer vision. We apply our approach to the detection of trash levels across space and over time in millions of street-level images in three physically distinct US cities. By comparing to ratings produced in a controlled setting and utilizing computational methods, we demonstrate generally high reliability in the method and identify sources that limit it. Altogether, this approach expands how visual data can be used at a large scale in sociology.

We describe a short, interactive case-based activity for illustrating cognitive distortions of communication underlying resistance to change. Based on a real-life story, the case describes a failed effort by the mayor of Toowoomba, Australia to fund a state-of-the-art wastewater treatment plant. After reading the case, students work individually and in small groups to identify examples of cognitive distortions in the communication between the mayor's office and the citizens of Toowoomba and then suggest better approaches based on evidence-based principles of persuasion. The Wastewater case is both engaging and versatile and has proven popular for students in undergraduate, graduate, and executive education courses. We discuss learning objectives, provide step-by-step instructions for running the activity, describe variations and adaptations for online courses, and include suggestions for debriefing the activity.

Privatization has grown tremendously in the field of education in India to meet the growing demands for education in society. Privatization of education refers to the transfer of provision of education from the state to private providers with the overall policy goals- (i) Increasing access to and participation in basic education, (ii) Improving learning outcomes and overall efficiency and (iii) Improving equity in educational opportunities (Pedró, et al., 2015). School Education plays an important role in shaping the future of the nation by facilitating all-round development of the student. Keeping in view the increasing popularity and rapid growth of a number of private schools and contributions it made to society also comes with its problems. It is equally important on pragmatic grounds to examine the move towards privatization and its problems. In light of this, the present paper attempts to analyse the problems and prospects of privatization of school education as perceived by parents, teachers and students with special reference to Churachandpur District, Manipur.