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The article discusses the importance of competent perception and interpretation of a visual image / visual text by a person of the XXI century through the development of critical thinking skills that are relevant in the study of the humanities. The basis of existing methods and technologies is the psychological foundations of the perception of the visual and associated mental operations, which determine the “grasping” of the image in its integrity, the subjectivity of experiences, associative thinking and memorization. The main components of critical thinking are highlighted. The purposeful nature of the method of segment analysis of the visual text and its pedagogical significance in the humanities are emphasized. The main results of the study are as follows: the psychological characteristics of the perception of a visual image / visual text, features of critical thinking in the perception of visual information are revealed, the method of segment analysis and the practice of its application in the process of humanitarian education., В статье рассматривается вопрос о важности компетентного восприятия и интерпретации визуального образа/визуального текста человеком XXI в. через развитие навыков критического мышления, актуальных в ходе изучения гуманитарных дисциплин. В качестве базы существующих методик и технологий выступают психологические основания визуального восприятия и связанных с ним мыслительных операций, обус­ловливающих «схватывание» образа в его целостности, субъективность переживаний, ассоциативное мышление и запоминание. Выделяются основные составляющие критического мышления. Подчеркивается целенаправленный характер методики сегментного анализа визуального текста и ее педагогическая значимость в гуманитаристике. Основными результатами исследования являются следующие: охарактеризованы психологические особенности восприятия визуального образа/визуального текста, раскрыты особенности критического мышления при восприятии визуальной информации, предложена методика сегментного анализа и практика ее применения в процессе гуманитарного образования.

Статья поступила в редакцию 17.08.2020 г. В статье рассматривается вопрос о важности компетентного восприятия и интерпретации визуального образа/визуального текста человеком XXI в. через развитие навыков критического мышления, актуальных в ходе изучения гуманитарных дисциплин. В качестве базы существующих методик и технологий выступают психологические основания визуального восприятия и связанных с ним мыслительных операций, обусловливающих «схватывание» образа в его целостности, субъективность переживаний, ассоциативное мышление и запоминание. Выделяются основные составляющие критического мышления. Подчеркивается целенаправленный характер методики сегментного анализа визуального текста и ее педагогическая значимость в гуманитаристике. Основными результатами исследования являются следующие: охарактеризованы психологические особенности восприятия визуального образа/визуального текста, раскрыты особенности критического мышления при восприятии визуальной информации, предложена методика сегментного анализа и практика ее применения в процессе гуманитарного образования. The article discusses the importance of competent perception and interpretation of a visual image / visual text by a person of the XXI century through the development of critical thinking skills that are relevant in the study of the humanities. The basis of existing methods and technologies is the psychological foundations of the perception of the visual and associated mental operations, which determine the “grasping” of the image in its integrity, the subjectivity of experiences, associative thinking and memorization. The main components of critical thinking are highlighted. The purposeful nature of the method of segment analysis of the visual text and its pedagogical signifi cance in the humanities are emphasized. The main results of the study are as follows: the psychological characteristics of the perception of a visual image / visual text, features of critical thinking in the perception of visual information are revealed, the method of segment analysis and the practice of its application in the process of humanitarian education. Статья написана при поддержке гранта РФФИ № 17-29-09136/18.

The article is devoted to the important approach to the possibility of the formation of qualitative and quantitative assessments in the interim analysis of foods quality. A specific feature of the food production is the work under the conditions of information gaps and incomplete source data. Analysis of such information requires special methods, which constitute one of the areas of econometrics. The central problem of econometrics is the formation of an econometric model and identifying opportunities of its use for describing, analyzing and forecast of real economic processes. The objective of this work is the formation of multiple regression model of nutritional and biological value of foods and conducting of subsequent analysis of both the model and its behavior under different initial data, including changes in the composition of the ingredients and their mineral and vitamin value depending on the manufacturing season of these products and possible use of advanced processing means. Changing the composition of the mineral-vitamin ingredients and, therefore, their relative amounts of selected food products over time allows us to apply a dynamic segment approach to such a problem.

The segment size of the Danish multi-story building stock from the period 1850-1930 is established through a unique major database managed by the Danish authorities. The outcome illustrates a large segment with 219,198 apartment units distributed over 14,831 unique buildings, all sharing characteristic geometry. Reduction of average U-value for the exterior facade is investigated in different dimensions, insulation degrees and thicknesses. The analysis shows that compared to insulation of only the infill walls below windows, fully covering insulation yields further 100-150% average U-value reduction. The large segment poses arguments for research into challenges raised by full surface insulation.

* Revised： [15-04, 2015], 本研究は、半導体産業59 社の財務データを用いて、半導体産業の収益・費用構造の概観を調べるとともに、そこから半導体業界で求められる戦略がいかなるものであるかを分析するものである。先端技術の粋でありながら、あらゆる電気製品で幅広く用いられる半導体はまさしく現代の産業・経済のひとつの中核を成すものであるが、その重要度とはうらはらに、経営学・経済学の視座から産業・企業を対象とした調査分析は相対的に多くはない。そしてまた実務の側では、参入企業の多くが必ずしもうまく利益を上げられていない実情がある。こうした状況を踏まえ、本研究は半導体産業を取り扱う経済・経営学領域での基礎となりうる研究をめざし、業界の概観構造と求められる戦略とを、財務データという客観的情報に基づいて構築する。分析からは、半導体産業では複数領域の製品群を保有するよりも特定領域の製品群にフォーカスしたほうが、利益額・率が改善すること、その背景として製品領域特性の違いにより全く異質な戦略が要求されることが示唆された。, By using the panel data of 59 semiconductor companies in 2001-2013 this study investigates the characteristics of financial condition of each product segment and explores the effective product line policy in semiconductor industry. Semiconductor is well-known as one of the fundamental products in contemporary information society. However, companies in the semiconductor industry often experiences financial difficulties, and we do not have a solution for it. From the analysis of semiconductor companies’ financial structure, we find that 1) entrants have to prepare the different strategy in accordance with each segment’s situation, and 2) focused product line policy brings more profit than diversified product line policy.

Пазарната сегментация предоставя на банковия мениджмънт сериозни възможности на основата на задълбочено познаване на клиентските сегменти да се разработят подходящи стратегии за по-ефективно инвестиране. В настоящата статия се изясняват някои от проблемите, които възникват в процеса на сегментирането на банковия пазар. В статията се доказва значимостта на прилагането на сегментен анализ при вземане на маркетингови решения като се използват резултати от глобални проучвания на банковите клиенти. От разглежданите примери става ясно, че сегментирането и внимателното „прицелване“ в клиентите е ключов фактор за постигане на клиентоцентричност в банкирането на дребно. Истински клиентоцентричните банки използват сегментен анализ за формиране на широкоъгълен поглед върху клиентите си. „Откъсвайки се“ от маркетинг, насочен към отделното събитие и отделната трансакция, те развиват цялостен и постоянен маркетингов процес на основата на променящите се нужди на всеки клиент и използват технологиите, за да индивидуализират подхода си и да създават превъзхождащо клиентско изживяване., Burgas Free University, Market segmentation provides bank managers capabilities to develop appropriate strategies based on a thorough understanding of constantly changing customer needs and behavior. The current article clarifies some of the issues that arise in the process of bank clients' segmentation. The article proves the importance of the segment analysis in marketing decision process: the segmentation and careful targeting the customers is a key factor in achieving client-centricity in retail banking. Clientcentric banks develop comprehensive marketing approach based on understating of the needs of each customer and using technology to personalize their offers and communications and to create a superior customer experience.

An iterative procedure for upgrading water distribution network reliability is proposed by recognizing valve locations. In each iteration, three types of alternatives: (1) an addition of a valve(s) to pipe(s) without a valve; (2) an addition of a parallel pipe to an existing pipe; and (3) an increase in size of newly added pipes, are compared and the best is implemented. The iterative method is continued until no further improvement in reliability is possible, or a desired level of reliability is reached. This method is illustrated through an example taken from literature.

Qualitative social and cultural research is increasingly engaging with visual data. Starting from the premise “all is data“ in grounded theory methodology (GTM), we propose a general framework to realize a visual grounded theory methodology (VGTM). Referring to exploratory visual methods based on objective hermeneutics, the documentary method, and segment analysis, as well as existing GTM discourses, we discuss how this text-centered procedure can be applied to visual data. We focus on the (re)formulation of procedural steps (such as making an inventory, segmentation and coding, memo writing, and sampling strategies), and the examination of images in relation to GTM logic., Historical Social Research Vol. 42, No. 4 (2017)

Ausgehend von der für die Grounded-Theory-Methodologie (GTM) zentralen Prämisse des "all is data" und vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Beschäftigung mit visuellen Daten in der qualitativen Forschung, bietet der Beitrag einen orientierenden Rahmen für eine visuelle Grounded-Theory-Methodologie. Aufbauend auf Überlegungen aus der objektiven Hermeneutik, der dokumentarischen Methode, der Segmentanalyse sowie GTM-internen Perspektiven wird gezeigt, wie dieser traditionell textorientierte Ansatz auf visuelle Daten bezogen werden kann. Im Zentrum steht dabei die (Re-) Formulierung der Verfahrensschritte Inventarisierung, Segmentierung, Kodierung/Kategorienbildung inkl. Memowriting sowie Sampling zur Untersuchung von Bildern im Sinne einer GTM-Logik.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160225, Qualitative social and cultural research is increasingly engaging with visual data. Starting from the premise "all is data" in grounded theory methodology (GTM), we propose a general framework to realize a visual grounded theory methodology (VGTM). Referring to exploratory visual methods based on objective hermeneutics, the documentary method, and segment analysis, as well as existing GTM discourses, we discuss how this text-centered procedure can be applied to visual data. We focus on the (re)formulation of procedural steps (such as making an inventory, segmentation and coding, memo writing, and sampling strategies), and the examination of images in relation to GTM logic.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160225, La investigación social cualitativa y cultural se involucra cada vez más con los datos visuales. A partir de la premisa de la metodología de la teoría fundamentada (MTF) de que"todo es dato", en este artículo se presenta un marco general para el desarrollo de una metodología visual de la teoría fundamentada. Haciendo referencia a métodos visuales exploratorios basados en la hermenéutica objetiva, el método documental y el análisis de segmento, así como discursos existentes de la MTF, se discute cómo este procedimiento centrado en el texto se puede aplicar a los datos visuales. Nos centramos en la (re)formulación de pasos procedimentales tales como inventario, segmentación, codificación/construcción de categorías, incluyendo la escritura de memos y el muestreo para la revisión de las imágenes en relación con la lógica de la MTF.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160225

* Revised： [15-04, 2015], By using the panel data of 59 semiconductor companies in 2001-2013 this study investigates the characteristics of financial condition of each product segment and explores the effective product line policy in semiconductor industry. Semiconductor is well-known as one of the fundamental products in contemporary information society. However, companies in the semiconductor industry often experiences financial difficulties, and we do not have a solution for it. From the analysis of semiconductor companies’ financial structure, we find that 1) entrants have to prepare the different strategy in accordance with each segment’s situation, and 2) focused product line policy brings more profit than diversified product line policy.

* Revised： [15-04, 2015], By using the panel data of 59 semiconductor companies in 2001-2013 this study investigates the characteristics of financial condition of each product segment and explores the effective product line policy in semiconductor industry. Semiconductor is well-known as one of the fundamental products in contemporary information society. However, companies in the semiconductor industry often experiences financial difficulties, and we do not have a solution for it. From the analysis of semiconductor companies’ financial structure, we find that 1) entrants have to prepare the different strategy in accordance with each segment’s situation, and 2) focused product line policy brings more profit than diversified product line policy.

Pipe failure is a major parameter affecting the reliability of a water distribution network (WDN). A WDN consists of isolation valves which are closed to isolate a failed pipe for repairs. Depending up on the location of valves, a group of pipes termed as a segment gets isolated. Herein, reliability is estimated based on supply shortfall considering isolation of an appropriate segment on failure of a pipe. Supply shortfall is obtained using node flow analysis. An existing water main system is chosen as an example to compare the reliability values obtained by considering the actual location of valves and valves in each pipes on either end.