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La compra de insumos y la adquisición de servicios en las compañías se determina como uno de los factores más importantes en las funciones de la cadena de suministro. Para la ejecución y la búsqueda de estos insumos y servicios, se establece una planeación asertiva de proveedores que contribuyan al desarrollo logístico y económico, por medio de productos de calidad, tiempos de entrega, formas de pago, y precios justos. El presente artículo se basa en la situación actual del proceso de compras de una empresa del sector eléctrico en Bogotá, en donde se presentan inconsistencias en la selección de proveedores al depender de un mismo proveedor o de un numero de proveedores reducidos; a través de una planeación estratégica se propone realizar un estudio de proveedores donde se permita elegir a los convenientes para la compañía. De esta manera, conocer los insumos para el aprovisionamiento según las necesidades, generar una lista de posibles proveedores, desarrollar el proceso de selección por medio de evaluaciones, estableciendo criterios de desempeño que contribuyan y se evidencien en la decisión final. Como resultado, se identifica la selección de proveedores por medio de la optimización en tiempos, reducción de costos y mejoras para el desarrollo de las actividades propuestas por la compañía The purchase of goods and services in companies are one of the most important topics for the success of the supply chain. For a good execution and supply of these goods and services, is really important to have an assertive planning and selection of suppliers in order to contribute to the logistic and economic development, through quality of products, delivery times, payment terms and fair prices. This article was based on the current situation of the purchasing process of a company in the electricity industry in Bogotá, where was identified improvement opportunities in the selection of suppliers due to high cases of single sourcing or due to a low number of suppliers. Through a Strategic planning process, is possible to carry out a study of suppliers where it is allowed to select the best options for the company, ensuring the correct supply according to the requirements, generating a tender list with suppliers alternatives and through the analysis generated and evaluations with clear performance criteria the final decision will be a clear evidence in the process. As a result, the selection of suppliers is identified in a way that improves the process by optimizing times, reducing costs and improving the development of the activities proposed by the company. Especialización

Resumen La contratación de proveedores de tercera parte logística (3PL) ha venido aumentando en los últimos años a nivel mundial y local. Uno de los servicios que más se terceriza es el transporte. La contratación de un proveedor de tercera parte para el transporte terrestre de mercancías es un problema de decisión multicriterio que debe ser abordado con herramientas adecuadas de manera que se garantice la mejor contratación posible considerando los criterios que la organización contratante considere para esta transacción. El presente trabajo propone un desarrollo multicriterio a partir de la utilización del proceso analítico jerárquico difuso (AHP difuso) y TOPSIS para la selección de un proveedor de tercera parte en el transporte terrestre de mercancía incluyendo el riesgo operacional como uno de los criterios de selección. La propuesta es aplicada para la selección de un transportador por parte de una empresa manufacturera del Valle del Cauca en Colombia. Abstract Contracting third-party logistics providers (3PL) is an activity that has been increasing over the last years globally and locally. One of the most outsourced services is transportation. Hiring a 3PL for ground transportation of merchandise AHP difuso y TOPSIS para la selección de un proveedor 3PL considerando el riesgo operacional is a multi-criteria decision-based problem, which must be addressed with the right tools in order to guarantee the best possible hiring taking into account the criteria that the contracting organization considers the most important for this transaction. The present paper proposes a multi-criteria development based on the use of the diffuse hierarchical analytical process (diffuse AHP) and TOPSIS for the selection of a third-party supplier in ground transportation of merchandise, including operational risk as one of the selection criteria. The proposal is applied to the selection of a transporter by a manufacturing company in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Resumo A contratação de provedores logísticos de terceiros (3PL) vem aumentando nos últimos anos globalmente e localmente. Um dos serviços mais terceirizados é o transporte. A contratação de um terceiro fornecedor para o transporte terrestre de mercadorias é um problema de decisão multicritério que deve ser tratado com ferramentas adequadas para garantir a melhor contratação possível considerando os critérios que a organização contratante considera para essa transação. O presente trabalho propõe um desenvolvimento multicritério baseado na utilização do processo analítico hierárquico difuso (AHP difuso) e TOPSIS para a seleção de um terceiro fornecedor no transporte terrestre de mercadorias, incluindo o risco operacional como um dos critérios de seleção. A proposta é aplicada para a seleção de um transportador por uma empresa de fabricação em Valle del Cauca na Colômbia.

La contratación de proveedores de tercera parte logística (3PL) ha venido aumentando en los últimos años a nivel mundial y local. Uno de los servicios que más se terceriza es el transporte. La contratación de un proveedor de tercera parte para el transporte terrestre de mercancías es un problema de decisión multicriterio que debe ser abordado con herramientas adecuadas de manera que se garantice la mejor contratación posible considerando los criterios que la organización contratante considere para esta transacción. El presente trabajo propone un desarrollo multicriterio a partir de la utilización del proceso analítico jerárquico difuso (AHP difuso) y TOPSIS para la selección de un proveedor de tercera parte en el transporte terrestre de mercancía incluyendo el riesgo operacional como uno de los criterios de selección. La propuesta es aplicada para la selección de un transportador por parte de una empresa manufacturera del Valle del Cauca en Colombia. Contracting third-party logistics providers (3PL) is an activity that has been increasing over the last years globally and locally. One of the most outsourced services is transportation. Hiring a 3PL for ground transportation of merchandise is a multi-criteria decision-based problem, which must be addressed with the right tools to guarantee the best possible hiring considering the criteria that the contracting organization considers the most important for this transaction. The present paper proposes a multi-criteria development based on the use of the diffuse hierarchical analytical process (diffuse AHP) and TOPSIS for the selection of a third-party supplier in ground transportation of merchandise, including operational risk as one of the selection criteria. The proposal is applied to the selection of a transporter by a manufacturing company in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Целью работы является усовершенствование системы выбора Ð¿Ð¾Ñ‚ÐµÐ½Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ñ‰Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² в ИП Дерр Е.А., путем разработки рекомендаций по решению проблем ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ выбором поставщиков в компании и практической реализации. Задачи работы: изучить теоретическую часть о выборе потенциального поставщика для компании; проанализировать систему подбора поставщиков в компании ИП Дерр Е.А.; усовершенствовать систему выбора поставщиков в компании. Работа выполнялась на Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñ Ð˜ÐŸ Дерр Е.А. Применялись общенаучные методы исследования: контентный и сравнительный анализ, а также методы орг. проектирования и оценки инвестиционной привлекательности проектов. Основные результаты ВКР: выбран и изучен метод для выбора поставщиков; предложены варианты Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ñ‰Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²; обоснована экономическая целесообразность и организационно-Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ возможность реализации Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¹. Практическая значимость работы определяется возможностью реализации Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑ€Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ð¹ в ИП Дерр Е.А., The aim of the work is to improve the system of selecting potential suppliers in IE Derr EA, by developing recommendations for solving problems associated with the selection of suppliers in the company and practical implementation. Tasks of the graduate qualification work: to study the theoretical part about choosing a potential supplier for the company; to analyze the system of selection of suppliers in the company IE Derr E.A.; improve the system of selection of suppliers in the company. The graduate qualification work was carried out on the basis of the enterprise IE Derr E.A. Methods: General scientific research methods were used: content and comparative analysis, as well as methods of organizational design and evaluation of investment attractiveness of projects. The main results of the graduate qualification work: the method for selecting suppliers was selected and studied; proposed options for new suppliers; substantiated economic feasibility and organizational and technical feasibility of implementing the proposed recommendations. The practical significance of the work is determined by the possibility of implementing the proposed activities in IE Derr E.A.

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) como ferramenta de apoio para o aumento da capacidade de prestação de serviços por meio da escolha de fornecedores da empresa CBC Informática. O método AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process, proposto por Thomas L. Saaty, é um método de decisão multicriterial que funciona para os mais diversos tipos de decisões, solucionando problemas com fatores quantitativos e qualitativos. Ele reúne a opinião dos tomadores de decisão em matrizes de comparação. Buscamos saber por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, como livros, artigos, sites governamentais e de instituições mundiais, o auxílio no embasamento teórico para fazer uma revisão geral do conceito de serviços e os conceitos básicos do método AHP e sua aplicação na escolha de fornecedores. ABSTRACT: The present work refers to the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method as a support tool to increase the service delivery capacity by choosing suppliers from CBC Informática company. The AHP method, Analytic Hierarchy Process, proposed by Thomas L. Saaty, is a multicriterial decision method that works for the most diverse types of decisions, solving problems with quantitative and qualitative factors. It gathers the opinion of decision makers in comparison matrices. We seek to know through bibliographic research, such as books, articles, government websites and world institutions, the help in the theoretical basis to make a general review of the concept of services and the basic concepts of the AHP method and its application in the selection of suppliers.

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) como ferramenta de apoio para o aumento da capacidade de prestação de serviços por meio da escolha de fornecedores da empresa CBC Informática. O método AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process, proposto por Thomas L. Saaty, é um método de decisão multicriterial que funciona para os mais diversos tipos de decisões, solucionando problemas com fatores quantitativos e qualitativos. Ele reúne a opinião dos tomadores de decisão em matrizes de comparação. Buscamos saber por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, como livros, artigos, sites governamentais e de instituições mundiais, o auxílio no embasamento teórico para fazer uma revisão geral do conceito de serviços e os conceitos básicos do método AHP e sua aplicação na escolha de fornecedores. ABSTRACT: The present work refers to the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method as a support tool to increase the service delivery capacity by choosing suppliers from CBC Informática company. The AHP method, Analytic Hierarchy Process, proposed by Thomas L. Saaty, is a multicriterial decision method that works for the most diverse types of decisions, solving problems with quantitative and qualitative factors. It gathers the opinion of decision makers in comparison matrices. We seek to know through bibliographic research, such as books, articles, government websites and world institutions, the help in the theoretical basis to make a general review of the concept of services and the basic concepts of the AHP method and its application in the selection of suppliers.

Considering a direct correlation between projects requirements details levels and their performance, this paper aims to evaluate whether the adoption of more extensive and detailed cost, time and scope estimation processes based on both practices, traditional and agile, and executed concurrently with the supplier selection stage, could guarantee greater accuracy in these estimates, thus increasing project success rates. Based on a case study for the information system project implementation into the legal area of a large Brazilian company, five suppliers had their proposals analyzed and compared in terms of the costs and deadlines involved, as well as the project management processes used in theirs estimates. From the obtained results, it was possible to observe that not all companies follow, at least during the prospecting phase, their service proposals described management processes, according to the theory. Another important finding was that the proposals involving, at least partially, agile approach concepts, were more likely to justify their estimates. These proposals still presented lower values, whenever compared to those less adherents to the theoretical concepts, as those based on traditional concepts.

La selección de proveedores es una de las mejores prácticas en las organizaciones hoy en día, con el fin de garantizar el aseguramiento de la compra en los mejores criterios de negociación, dado el riesgo de contratación con proveedores que no brinden el respaldo suficiente en relación con la compra. Así mismo la importancia de hacer seguimiento al valor aportado por la compra en el transcurso de tiempo esperado, criterios como cumplimiento en tiempo de entrega, calidad de producto, entrega de cantidades acordadas, así como el soporte en caso de cualquier reacción no contemplada. En la presente publicación buscamos evaluar de la mejor manera el método multicriterio por el cual se aporte a la mejora del sistema de selección y evaluación de proveedores, para esto es importante tener en cuenta. The selection of suppliers is one of the best practices in organizations today, in order to ensure the assurance of the purchase in the best negotiation criteria, given the risk of contracting with suppliers that do not provide sufficient support in relation to the purchase. Likewise, the importance of following up on the value contributed by the purchase in the course of the expected time, criteria such as delivery time compliance, product quality, delivery of agreed amounts, as well as support in case of any reaction not contemplated. In the present publication we seek to evaluate in the best way the multicriteria method by which it contributes to the improvement of the system of selection and evaluation of suppliers, for this it is important to take into account.

Los proveedores dentro de la cadena de abastecimiento se han convertido en aliados estratégicos de las compañías, pues al dar el insumo inicial para la generación del bien o servicio para el cliente final, se convierten en fuente para lograr eficiencia en costos, incremento en la productividad y diferenciación para aumentar la competitividad en el mercado, esto a través de la entrega oportuna, de calidad y con las características específicas de los bienes o servicios que suministran. Dada la importancia de este proceso, en el presente artículo de revisión se diseñó un método de selección, evaluación y reevaluación de proveedores para instituciones del sector educativo. Dicho proceso se desarrolló en tres fases; contextualización e importancia de los proveedores, definición de un método de selección para los mismos e identificación de riesgos. Al finalizar el artículo de revisión, se determinó que para las instituciones del sector educativo, por la variabilidad que tienen en las categorías de compras que ejecutan, utilizar el Método Analítico Jerarquizado (AHP) para la selección y evaluación de sus proveedores es el mejor escenario, pues permite tener variabilidad en los criterios de calificación, análisis de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, identificar los posibles riesgos a los que una entidad de este sector estaría expuesta en caso de realizar una inadecuada selección de sus proveedores y finalmente permite realizar la contratación de bienes y servicios de una forma transparente, estratégica, de calidad y con la certeza de haber establecido relaciones comerciales a mediano y corto plazo con los proveedores elegidos. The suppliers within the supply chain have become strategic allies of the companies, because they provide the initial input that generates the good or service for the final customer, they become way to achieve cost efficiency, increase productivity and differentiation to increase competitiveness in the market, this through timely delivery, quality and the specific characteristics of the goods or services they supply. Given the importance of this process, this review article designs a method for selecting, evaluating and reevaluating providers for educational institutions. This process was developed in three phases; context and importance of suppliers, definition of a selection method for the same suppliers and identification of risks. At the end of the review article, it is determined that for the institutions of the educational sector, because of the variability they have in the categories of purchases they run, to use the hierarchical analytical Method (AHP) for the selection and evaluation of their suppliers is the best scenario, because it allows to have variability in the criteria of qualification, to analysis qualitative and quantitative variables, and to identify the possible risks to which an entity of this sector would be exposed in case of making an inadequate selection of its suppliers and ultimately allows the procurement of goods and services in a transparent, strategic, quality way and with the certainty that it has established medium- and short-term business relationships with the chosen suppliers

Una gestión eficiente de la Cadena de Abastecimiento permite optimizar recursos y facilitar la operación diaria de cualquier operación, el desarrollo y colaboración con proveedores contribuye a la optimización de estos procesos generando un impacto positivo en la rentabilidad de los proyectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar una metodología para la gestión de compras en operaciones de construcción en pequeñas y medianas empresas que permita disminuir costos de operación en Colombia. En principio se evaluó el estado del arte en la cadena de suministro del sector construcción para identificar posibles alternativas que repercutan en menores costos y abastecimiento oportuno. Posteriormente se diseñó una herramienta para diagnosticar el proceso de compras, que permitió identificar oportunidades de mejora y optimización de recursos económicos, planteando un diseño que brinde oportunidad en las compras de materias primas, logrando costos apropiados y eficiencias apropiadas. Se concluye que es necesario desarrollar una clasificación de materiales que permita implementar un modelo colaborativo con el proveedor seleccionado, para lograr un costo reducido por volumen, manejar el inventario en las instalaciones del proveedor y tener disponibilidad de materiales. RESUMEN 14 CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUCCION 16 1.1 Objetivos 17 1.1.1 Objetivo General 17 1.1.2 Objetivos Específicos 17 1.2 Justificación 18 1.3 Planteamiento Del Problema 20 1.3.1 Dimensionamiento Del Problema 20 1.3.1.1 Dimensionamiento Construcción Bogotá 20 1.3.1.3 Descuentos En Volumen De Compras 25 1.3.2 Mapa De Gestión Empresa Representativa 26 1.3.3 Mapa De Procesos Pymes 27 1.4 Hipótesis y Preguntas De Investigación 28 1.5 Alcance y Delimitaciones 29 1.6 Impacto Del Proyecto 30 CAPÍTULO 2: METODOLOGIA 31 2.1 Diseño Metodológico 31 2.1.1 Tipo de Estudio 31 2.1.2 Participantes De La Investigación 32 2.1.3 Recursos Involucrados 32 2.1.4 Recursos Análisis e Interpretación De Datos 33 2.1.5 Etapas Del Proyecto 33 2.2 Contextualización Sujetos De La Investigación 35 2.3 Determinación Sujetos Para Alcance De La Investigación 36 2.4 Herramienta De Investigación (Encuesta) 37 2.5 Análisis Método Delphi 39 2.6 Resultados Esperados Del Proyecto 40 CAPÍTULO 3: ANTECEDENTES 41 3.1 Estado Del Arte 41 3.1.1 Literatura Relevante 43 3.1.2 Gestión de Compras y Justo A Tiempo 53 3.1.3 Consideraciones De Compras PMI 60 3.2 Esquema Flujo De Compra Pymes Construcción 64 3.3 Diagnostico Compras Pymes Construcción 65 3.3.1 Caso De Referencia Para Compra De Materiales 65 3.3.2 Diagrama Flujo Actual De Compra 68 3.3.3 Análisis De Causa y Efecto 69 3.3.4 Análisis DOFA 72 3.5 Estructura Orgánica De Empresas Constructoras 75 3.5 Marco Legal 77 CAPÍTULO 4: MARCO DE REFERENCIA 80 4.1 Información del Comportamiento e Influencia del Sector 80 4.1.1 Volumen de Edificaciones 80 4.1.2 Empleabilidad y Ocupación Mano de Obra 83 4.1.3 Evolución De Los Precios De La Oferta de Vivienda 85 4.2 Evolución del Sector Construcción 86 CAPÍTULO 5: ANALISIS DE DATOS 89 5.1 Entrega Condiciones Actuales 89 5.2 Entrega Marco Teórico y De Referencia 90 5.3 Entregable Resultados Aplicación De Encuesta 91 5.3.1 Resultados Pregunta 1 93 5.3.2 Resultados Pregunta 2 95 5.3.3 Resultados Pregunta 3 97 5.3.4 Resultados Pregunta 4 99 5.3.5 Resultados Pregunta 5 101 5.3.6 Resultados Pregunta 6 103 5.3.7 Resultados Pregunta 7 105 5.4 Entrega Análisis Método Delphi 106 5.4.1 Consideraciones Pregunta 1 107 5.4.2 Consideraciones Pregunta 2 107 5.4.3 Consideraciones Pregunta 3 108 5.4.4 Consideraciones Pregunta 4 109 5.4.5 Consideraciones Pregunta 5 109 5.4.6 Consideraciones Pregunta 6 110 5.4.7 Consideraciones Pregunta 7 111 5.5 Entrega Diseño Metodológico 112 5.5.1 Organigrama Sugerido Pymes Del Sector Construcción 115 5.5.2 Esquema De Abastecimiento Propuesto 116 5.5.3 Flujo Proceso de Compras 117 5.5.4 Rol Funcional De Abastecimiento 118 5.5.4.1 Planeación De Materiales Del Proyecto 118 5.5.4.2 Búsqueda y Negociación Con Proveedores 119 5.5.4.3 Formalización de Contratos y Acuerdos de Servicio 120 5.5.4.4 Seguimiento y Evaluación Proveedores 121 5.5.4.5 Inventario A Considerar 122 5.5.6 Esquema General Para La Selección De Proveedores 125 CAPÍTULO 6: APLICACIÓN EN UN PROYECTO 129 CAPÍTULO 7: CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 132 REFERENCIAS 1 ANEXO 1 COTIZACIONES DE VALIDACIÓN 8 ANEXO 2 NOTICIA PRECIOS DE VIVIENDA BOGOTÁ 10 An efficient management of the Supply Chain allows to optimize resources and facilitate the daily operation of any operation, the development and collaboration with suppliers contributes to the optimization of these processes, generating a positive impact on the profitability of the projects. The objective of this paper is to design a methodology for the management of purchases in construction operations in small and medium companies that allows to reduce operating costs in Colombia. In principle, the state of the art in the supply chain of the construction sector was evaluated to identify possible alternatives that have an impact on lower costs and timely supply. Subsequently, a tool was designed to diagnose the purchasing process, which identified opportunities for improvement and optimization of economic resources, proposing a design that provides opportunity in the purchases of raw materials, achieving appropriate costs and appropriate efficiencies. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a materials classification that allows to implement a collaborative model with the selected supplier, to achieve a reduced cost per volume, manage the inventory in the supplier's facilities and have availability of materials.

Объектом исследования является ООО «Эвентус». Целью данной выпускной квалификационной работы является организация и совершенствование закупочной деятельности на предприятии ООО «Эвентус». Было разработано положение по оценке и выбору поставщиков для улучшения работы с поставщиками, в котором было прописано, как осуществляется выбор посредством метода рейтинговых оценок. Проведен расчет эффективности внедрения положения по оценке и выбору поставщиков. Использование данного положения приведет к повышению чистой прибыли предприятия., The object of the study is LLC "Eventus". The purpose of this final qualifying work is the organization and improvement of procurement at the company "Eventus". A provision for the evaluation and selection of suppliers to improve work with suppliers was developed, which outlined how the selection is made through the rating method. The calculation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the provisions for the evaluation and selection of suppliers. The use of this provision will increase the net profit of the enterprise.

El presente artículo es de tipo cualitativo de un estudio de caso único, que busca generar una propuesta de implementación como mejora en el proceso de selección de proveedores de una empresa en particular, a partir del análisis de los diferentes métodos de toma de decisión. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de diferentes métodos de toma de decisión aplicados a la selección de proveedores estratégicos, se seleccionó dos de ellos y se los comparó con el funcionamiento en este ámbito en dicha empresa, para finalmente determinar una propuesta de mejora de selección de proveedores. Como resultados se encontró que las dos metodologías seleccionadas son válidas para esta empresa, como son el ciclo PHVA de Deming y el Análisis Jerárquico AHP, complementarias las cuales permiten optimizar y enriquecer la toma de decisiones en el proceso de selección de proveedores. This article is a qualitative type of a single case study, which seeks to generate a proposal for implementation as an improvement in the selection process of suppliers of a particular company, based on the analysis of the different methods of decision making. A literature review of different decision-making methods applied to the selection of strategic suppliers was made, two of them were selected and compared with the operation in this area in said company, to finally determine a proposal for improvement of supplier selection. As results, it was found that the two selected methodologies are valid for this company, such as the Deming cycle PHVA and the AHP Hierarchical Analysis, which allow optimizing and enriching the decision making process in the supplier selection process.

El presente trabajo trató el tema de selección de proveedores para un operador logístico encargado de los programas de diagnóstico para pacientes con sospechas de enfermedades raras donde el principal reto radica en la prestación de un servicio especializado y de calidad para una población que enfrenta diversas dificultades para ser diagnosticados de manera oportuna y correcta. El documento presenta la relación existente entre el diagnóstico de enfermedades raras y la ejecución de una operación logística donde interactúan pacientes, médicos y una cadena de suministro integrada por proveedores de distintas características que dan como resultado no solamente el proceso de toma de muestras, sino que a su vez es capaz de solucionar las diversas dificultadas que atraviesan aquellas personas a las que se les sospechan estas patologías. Por medio de la presente investigación se determinó la importancia de los procesos de selección de proveedores en los procesos de diagnóstico de enfermedades raras, se identificaron los principales criterios de selección para el desarrollo las actividades desempeñadas por el operador logístico y se propone un método de selección de proveedores objetivo que permite acoplar al proveedor a una operación logística enfocada en el servicio. The present work refers to the issue of the selection of providers for a logistics operator in charge of diagnostic programs for patients with suspected of rare diseases where the main challenge is the provision of a specialized and quality service for a population that is faces the difficulties to be diagnosed in a timely and correct manner. The document presents the relationship between the diagnosis of rare diseases and the execution of a logistics operation where patients, doctors and a supply chain integrated by providers of different characteristics that result not only in the process of taking samples, but also which in turn can solve the various difficulties that people who suspect these pathologies. Through this research the importance of the supplier selection processes in the diagnosis processes of rare diseases was determined, the main selection criteria for the development of the activities carried out by the logistics operator were identified and a selection method is proposed. of objective suppliers that allows the supplier to connect a logistics operation focused on the service.

Dentro del proceso logístico administrativo de las empresas, existe la gestión de compras y contrataciones, una de ellas en el área o departamento de logística, encargados del manejo integral de los recursos de la compañía, se fundamenta de acuerdo con los servicios y criterios por la compañía que a ello corresponde; el buen uso y manejo del presupuesto de una compañía, dada la magnitud de la responsabilidad económica y determinada en condiciones sólidas financieramente para la selección y contratación de todos y cada uno de los proveedores. Esta información se analizó, evaluó y adquirió previamente, de acuerdo con criterios estimados por el área contrataciones administrativas, con personal altamente calificado para la selección de cada uno de ellos, resultado que se obtuvo de acuerdo con los parámetros de medición establecidos dentro del estudio realizado por el área correspondiente para tal fin. La selección de los proveedores para la empresa determina y permite medir más exactamente decisiones financieras que han surgido de resultados o muestras tomadas de periodos en los que no se tenía control sobre ello, por tal motivo hoy en día es importante para todo tipo de organizaciones. Within the administrative logistic process of the companies, there is the management of purchases and hiring, one of them in the area or department of logistics, in charge of the integral management of the resources of the company, is based on the services and criteria by the the company that corresponds to it; the good use and management of the budget of a company, given the magnitude of the economic responsibility and determined in financially sound conditions for the selection and hiring of each and every one of the suppliers. This information was analyzed, evaluated and previously acquired, according to criteria estimated by the administrative contracting area, with highly qualified personnel for the selection of each of them, a result that was obtained according to the measurement parameters established within the study carried out by the corresponding area for that purpose. The selection of suppliers for the company determines and allows to more accurately measure financial decisions that have arisen from results or samples taken from periods in which there was no control over it, for this reason today is important for all types of organizations.

Danes živimo v dobi, kjer so spremembe prisotne na vseh področij naših življenj. Za podjetja sama in gospodarstvo je dobro, da so ta uspešna. Dobro organizirana služba nabave lahko s svojim delovanjem močno prispeva k uspešnosti podjetja. Vendar nabavna funkcija pridobiva svoj pomen šele v zadnjih letih, saj jo nekatera podjetja še vedno opredeljujejo kot nepomembno, takšen položaj pa seveda ni skladen z obsegom stroškov, s katerimi nabava upravlja. Zato je pomembno, da podjetja vedo, da učinkovita nabava pripomore k zniževanju stroškov ter k doseganju ciljev podjetja. Da je nabava uspešna, je v veliki meri odvisno od izbire in ocenjevanja dobaviteljev, zato je pomembno, da nabava veliko časa nameni raziskavam nabavnega trga, ocenjevalnim vzorcem ter obiskom pri dobaviteljih. Dobavitelj je tisti, ki zagotavlja kakovost svojih izdelkov, jih dobavlja ob pravem času, ima dostopne cene izdelkov oziroma storitev ter je zmožen odpraviti morebitne napake. Vsi ti dejavniki so ključ do uspeha nabavne funkcije. Diplomski projekt sem razdelila na dva dela. V prvem delu je obrazložen pojem nabavne funkcije in vsega, kar je z njo povezano. V drugem delu pa sem predstavila in analizirala obstoječo nabavno funkcijo in podrobneje opisala način izbiranja in ocenjevanja dobaviteljev na konkretnem primeru, in sicer v podjetju Eurel, d. o. o., kjer sem tudi opravljala dvomesečno prakso v tretjem letniku študija v sklopu praktičnega izobraževanja. Today, we live in an age where changes are present in all areas of our lives. For businesses themselves and the economy, it is good to be successful. Good organized purchases and its operations can make a significant contribution to the company's performance. However, it is only in recent years that the importance of the purchasing function has increased, while some companies still view it as irrelevant, which, of course, is not in line with the amount of the costs managed by the management. Therefore, it is important for companies to know that effective purchasing helps to lower costs and achieve the company's goals. The success of purchasing largely depends on the selection and evaluation of suppliers, so it is important to invest a lot of time on purchasing market research, evaluation patterns and visits to suppliers. The supplier is the one who guarantees the quality of his products, supplies them at the right time, offers affordable prices for products or services and is able to eliminate any potential mistakes. All these factors are key to the success of the purchasing function. The diploma project consists of two parts. The first part explains the concept of the purchasing function and all related concepts. In the second part, the existing purchasing function is presented and the method of selecting and evaluating suppliers on a specific case is described in more detail.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial, Atualmente, na maioria das organizações, os custos com materiais e serviços adquiridos ultrapassam consideravelmente os custos de produção internos. Assim, a seleção de fornecedores adequados às necessidades e requisitos impostos pelas empresas e que contribuam para manter os níveis de competitividade das mesmas, afigura-se um processo fundamental em organizações modernas inseridas em cadeias de fornecimento integradas e interdependentes. As empresas tendem, por diversas razões, nomeadamente para uma melhor gestão do risco, a estabelecer relações privilegiadas e de longo prazo com um conjunto de fornecedores o que resulta em diversas vantagens relevantes, mas também impede, muitas vezes, de se reconhecer oportunidades de redução de custos que novos fornecedores poderão trazer à organização. Este projeto de investigação teve como objetivo principal estudar o processo de sourcing na empresa Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal S.A., quando existe a possibilidade de considerar-se um novo fornecedor. Nestes casos, é particularmente relevante analisar-se os indutores de custo associados aos custos de nomeação de novos fornecedores, o que poderá ser feito através da metodologia Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Foram analisadas duas situações, nas quais os novos fornecedores apresentavam preços unitários competitivos em relação aos fornecedores preferenciais da empresa e estudaram-se os custos de nomeação e as questões associadas à introdução desses novos fornecedores na pirâmide da Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal S.A. Nos casos estudados foi possível concluir que os novos fornecedores continuavam a ser economicamente mais vantajosos, mesmo considerando-se os custos de nomeação associados. Porém, interessa particularmente analisar a sensibilidade do TCO aos custos de nomeação, as condições de sucesso na nomeação de um novo fornecedor e os riscos associados. Estes aspetos, de natureza económica, mas também estratégica, foram igualmente discutidos. Constatou-se também que a estrutura formal e os procedimentos rigorosos subjacentes ao TCO, paradoxal e simultaneamente, tornam possível e limitam a sua aplicação na prática., Currently, in most organizations, the cost of purchased materials and services far exceeds internal production costs. Thus, selecting suppliers that are appropriate to the needs and requirements imposed by companies and which help maintain their competitiveness levels is a fundamental process in modern organizations embedded in integrated and interdependent supply chains. For a variety of reasons and, in particular, for better risk management, firms tend to establish long-term and privileged relationships with a range of suppliers, which results in a number of relevant advantages, but also hinders, many times, cost reduction opportunities that new suppliers could bring to the organization. This research project had as main objective to study the process of sourcing in the company Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal S.A., when it is possible to consider a new supplier. In these cases, it is particularly relevant to analyze the cost inducers associated with the costs of nominating new suppliers, which can be done through the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) methodology. Two situations were analyzed in which the new suppliers presented competitive unit prices in relation to the company's preferred suppliers and the nomination costs and issues related to the introduction of these new suppliers in the pyramid of Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal SA were studied. In the cases studied it was possible to conclude that new suppliers continued to be economically more advantageous, even considering the associated costs of nomination. However, it is particularly important to analyze the sensitivity of the TCO to the nomination costs, the success conditions in nominate a new supplier and the associated risks. These aspects, both economic and strategic, were also discussed. It was also found that the formal structure and rigorous procedures underlying the TCO, paradoxically and simultaneously, make it possible and limit its application in practice.

V izbranem diplomskem projektu sem analizirala različne načine uporabljenih metod dobaviteljev. Glede na različne metode, ki jih dobavitelji uporabljajo je bistveno, da se odločimo za takšnega dobavitelja, ki ne samo da bo sledil našim zahtevam in željam, ampak tudi, da bo doprinesel podjetju kar največ koristi. V diplomski nalogi želim pojasniti in razložiti izbiro dobaviteljev kot del nabavnega procesa in različne metode, ki jih dobavitelji uporabljajo In the selected graduation orders I analysed the different ways the techniques used suppliers. According to the different methods used by the suppliers used it is essential that we decide for such a supplier that does just that will follow our demands and wishes, but also to open working method company the greatest benefit. In graduate orders I want to clarify and explain the selection of suppliers as part of the purchasing process and the various methods that suppliers use.

Environmental purchasing has been one of its most significant elements in Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). By implementing environmental purchasing, companies adopt additional criteria for evaluating suppliers, which, as argued, gen­erates additional transaction costs. From the GSCM theoretical basis, and looking through the analytical lenses of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), this article aims to discuss the transaction costs involved in the supplier selection process with the environmental purchasing approach. As result, this article presents five propositions of TCE within the GSCM in the light of two cases, which relate the possible transac­tion costs involved in each stage of the environmental purchasing process and also according to the main transaction elements.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The issue of sustainability, which is an increasingly important consideration in the day-to-day operations of businesses, needs to be addressed in the context of supplier selection. The use of multi-criteria approaches in decisions concerning the selection of sustainable suppliers can be a valuable approach for helping to resolve the complexity of this process. A systematic review of the literature highlighted gaps in the research in this area, such as the lack of a detailed description of multi-criteria methods, as well as a scarcity of sustainability criteria that take into account the three main perspectives (Economic, Environmental, and Social). This work describes the development and real case application of a DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) and ANP (Analytic Network Process) fuzzy modeling technique for the selection of sustainable suppliers. The methodological approach used in the research was quantitative, descriptive, and empirical. The modeling and simulations were performed using MATLAB®. Incorporation of the specificities of the process of selection of sustainable suppliers makes the model a useful tool for use by both businesses and researchers concerned with the issue of sustainability. A systematic review of the published research highlights the main state-of-art methods and criteria used for the selection of green and sustainable suppliers. The model is described in a framework highlighting each step of the application. It was subsequently applied by a major glass packaging company, where the supply chain coordinator agreed to assist in the research. The outputs of the second phase of the model showed that the Economic cluster was most important and interacted with the Environmental cluster, while the Social cluster remained practically inert, without interactions with the other clusters. For the three perspectives, the three most influential criteria were as follows: cost, compliance, and quality (Economic perspective); environmental certifications/ISO 14001, reuse/recovery, and pollution control (Environmental perspective); and stakeholder rights, respect for policies, and encouragement of the development of self-sustainable recycling programs (Social perspective). Finally, a supplier was selected using the framework presented, and the criteria that most influenced the decision were highlighted. The procedure developed here offers a tool to assist businesses searching for sustainable solutions, as well as researchers in the scientific community concerned with the development of knowledge in this area. A temática sustentável, cada vez mais presente e atuante no cotidiano das operações das empresas precisa ser tratada no contexto da seleção de fornecedores. Aplicar abordagens de decisão multicritério para a seleção de fornecedores sustentáveis demonstra ser uma alternativa interessante a fim de lidar com a natureza complexa deste processo. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi possível destacar algumas lacunas de pesquisa, como a falta de uma visão detalhada dos métodos multicritérios e uma escassa abordagem de critérios sustentáveis, abordando as três perspectivas (Econômica, Ambiental e Social). Desta forma, o objetivo central da pesquisa é detalhar e aplicar em um caso real a modelagem fuzzy DEMATEL (Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) e fuzzy ANP (Analytic Network Process) para a seleção de fornecedores sustentáveis. A abordagem metodológica empregada na pesquisa é quantitativa descritiva empírica, com aplicação de modelagem e simulação em MATLAB ®. Espera-se que o modelo possa internalizar as especificidades do processo de seleção de fornecedores sustentáveis de modo a tornar-se uma ferramenta útil às empresas e aos pesquisadores que estudam o método. A revisão sistemática da pesquisa pode destacar os principais métodos na literatura e os principais critérios utilizados pela seleção de fornecedores verdes e sustentáveis no estado da arte. O modelo foi detalhado em um framework, destacando-se cada passo da aplicação. Posteriormente foi aplicado em uma empresa de grande porte de embalagens vítreas, onde a coordenadora de Supply Chain se dispôs a auxiliar na pesquisa. Como saídas da segunda fase do modelo, o cluster Econômico revelou ser o mais importante e exerce influência sob o cluster Ambiental, já o cluster Social permanece praticamente inerte sem exercer ou receber influência. Também pode-se destacar que os três critérios mais influentes de cada perspectiva foram: ‘Custo’, ‘Compliance’ e ‘Qualidade’ na perspectiva Econômica; ‘Certificações Ambientais / ISO 14001’, Reuso / Recuperação e ‘Controle da Poluição’ na perspectiva Ambiental; e ‘Direitos dos Stakeholders’, ‘Respeito pelas políticas’ e ‘Incentivo ao desenvolvimento de programas de reciclagem auto-sustentáveis’ na perspectiva Social. Ao final, um fornecedor é escolhido com o framework apresentado, e os critérios mais influentes na decisão foram destacados. Esta discussão é válida para auxiliar empresas em busca de soluções sustentáveis e pesquisadores na área que desenvolvem o conhecimento para a comunidade científica.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-10-06T16:09:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato de Oliveira Bastos_.pdf: 714555 bytes, checksum: 476142dafb33d63a833c92e4fafec40c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T16:09:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato de Oliveira Bastos_.pdf: 714555 bytes, checksum: 476142dafb33d63a833c92e4fafec40c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 IFTO - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins O problema de seleção de fornecedores vem sendo abordado com maior relevância e importância pelas organizações, uma vez que por meio da escolha e seleção adequada dos fornecedores os resultados econômicos podem ser bem significativos. A necessidade de instituições públicas ou privadas de reduzir gastos, de buscar produtos e serviços de melhor qualidade, procurando melhorar sua competitividade ou mesmo sua estabilidade no mercado, vem fazendo com que o tema de seleção de fornecedores tenha um papel estratégico nas organizações. Os modelos de seleção atuais praticados pela grande maioria das organizações buscam basicamente minimizar os custos, deixando de lado outros critérios importantes para a escolha dos fornecedores. O presente trabalho propõe uma avaliação do modelo atual de seleção de fornecedores dentro do Instituto Federal do Tocantins (IFTO) bem como a criação de dois modelos multicritério de apoio a decisão. A pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa na formulação do problema e identificação dos critérios relevantes, e quantitativa para a construção dos modelos multicritério e análises dos resultados. Os dois modelos de apoio a decisão foram construídos utilizando os métodos multicritério AHP e VIKOR. Para o estudo aplicado, foram avaliados seis fornecedores em relação aos critérios qualidade, custo, entrega e localização geográfica. Os modelos foram criados a partir de análises sobre as avaliações de entrevistas com quatro especialistas dos setores de compra do IFTO campus Araguaína. Com os resultados dos dois modelos construídos, foi realizada uma comparação entre eles e também em relação ao modelo de seleção de fornecedores praticado atualmente no IFTO. Após as comparações dos modelos, realizou-se uma análise de sensibilidade, onde observou-se que o modelo VIKOR mostrou-se como o mais adequado e indicado para a seleção de fornecedores no âmbito do IFTO. The problem of selection of suppliers has been addressed with greater relevance and importance for the organizations, since a proper choice and selection of suppliers can bring significant economic results. The need for public and private institutions to reduce costs, to get better quality products and services, looking to improve their competitiveness or even its stability in the market, is causing the supplier selection issue a strategic role in organizations. The current selection models employed by the vast majority of organizations seek to minimize costs, basically leaving aside other important criteria for the choice of suppliers. The present work proposes the assessment of the current model of selection of suppliers within the Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO) as well as the creation of two multicriteria decision support models. The research has a qualitative approach in problem formulation and identification of relevant and quantitative criteria for the construction of the multi-criteria models and analysis of results. The two proposed models to support decision have been built using the multi-criteria methods AHP and VIKOR. For the study applied, six vendors were evaluated in relation to quality, cost, delivery criteria and geographic location. The decision models were created from analysis of the evaluations of interviews with four experts in the purchase sector of the IFTO campus Araguaína. With the results of the two proposed models, a comparison was made between them and also in relation to vendor selection model currently practiced in the IFTO. After comparisons of the models, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, where it was noted that the VIKOR model showed up as the most appropriate and suitable for the selection of suppliers within the IFTO.

Исследована закупочная деятельность промышленного предприятия, выделены ее отличительные особенности; произведен сравнительный анализ существующих методов повышения эффективности закупок; выделены факторы эффективности закупочной деятельности; выделены ключевые характеристики эффективности закупочной деятельности; сформулирована задача повышения эффективности закупочной деятельности. Сформулирована задача повышения эффективности закупочной деятельности; произведен обзор и сравнительный анализ соответствующих моделей и методов; разработана и реализована на практике методика повышения эффективности закупочной деятельности предприятия по ключевым направлениям., Investigated the purchasing activities of an industrial enterprise, highlighted by its distinguishing peculiarity, executed comparative analysis of existing methods of increasing the efficiency of procurement; highlighted factors of efficiency of procurement; highlighted key characteristics of efficiency of procurement; formulated task's improve of procurement efficiency. Formulated task's improve of procurement efficiency, reviewed and analyzed of the relevant models and methods; developed and implemented in practice procedure of improvement procurement efficiency in the key areas of the enterprise.

It is established the need to implement activities of concept of sustainable development at Ukrainian industrial enterprises, due to their access to external markets, especially the markets of the European Union. This process involves the use of extended responsibility principles in enterprise management, which is aimed at organic combination of economic objectives with good social environment. The increasing of manufacturing enterprise as the leading element of the supply chain is interested in using of extended principles of accountability by all participants in the supply chain, particularly suppliers. It is established the feasibility of standardization process of selecting the suppliers manufacturing enterprise. The suggested criteria of selection allow to identify suppliers that adhere to the principles of partnership cooperation, European standards of environmental and social responsibility in their work, and create the responsible supply chain. У статті встановлена необхідність упровадження в діяльність українських промислових підприємств концепції сталого розвитку, що пов’язано з їх виходом на зовнішні ринки, насамперед, ринки Європейського Союзу. Цей процес передбачає використання в управлінні підприємствами принципів розширеної відповідальності бізнесу, що спрямовані на органічне поєднання економічних цілей підприємства з благом суспільства та навколишнього середовища. З причини підвищення конкурентоспроможності виробниче підприємство зацікавлене у використанні принципів розширеної відповідальності всіма учасниками ланцюга поставок, особливо постачальниками. Встановлена доцільність стандартизації процесу відбору постачальників виробничим підприємством. Обґрунтовані критерії відбору дають можливість ідентифікувати постачальників, які дотримуються партнерських засад співпраці, європейських стандартів екологічної та соціальної відповідальності у своїй діяльності, і сформувати відповідальний ланцюг поставок. В статье определена необходимость внедрения в деятельность украинских промышленных предприятий концепции устойчивого развития, что связано с их выходом на внешние рынки, прежде всего, рынки Европейского Союза. Этот процесс предусматривает использование в управлении предприятиями принципов расширенной ответственности бизнеса, направленных на органичное сочетание экономических целей предприятия с благосостоянием общества и окружающей среды. По причине повышения конкурентоспособности производственное предприятие заинтересовано в использовании принципов расширенной ответственности всеми участниками цепи поставок, особенно поставщиками. Установлена целесообразность стандартизации процесса отбора поставщиков производственным предприятием. Обоснованные критерии отбора позволяют идентифицировать поставщиков, придерживающихся партнерских основ сотрудничества, европейских стандартов экологической и социальной ответственности в своей деятельности, и сформировать ответственную цепь поставок.

The topic of the thesis are decision-making processes in a particular firm or an institution. The chosen company, located in Tábor, is engaged in design, production and subsequent servicing of telecommunications and security systems. The work is divided into three parts. The first will describe the company, the second part is theoretical containing the characteristics of managerial decision and all the information necessary for the third practical part. The practical section provides flowcharts for installation and servicing of equipment and subsequently describes the decision-making processes occurring upon receipt of customer requirements, making quotations up to installation of a particular solution. It concerns the selection of suppliers, responsible employee, determining payment terms and considering the possibility of cooperation with other legal entities. In conclusion, there are recommendations for the management of the company.

Las empresas de telecomunicaciones son una de los más grandes generadores de residuos electrónicos debido a las innovaciones tecnológicas que afrontamos en esto tiempos, es por eso que deben de identificar las normas existentes que les aplican para darle cumplimiento, en este proceso los proveedores de Residuos Electrónicos deben de ser un aliado en este proceso Telecommunications companies are one of the largest generators of electronic waste due to technological innovations which we are facing at this time, so that they must identify the existing rules that apply to them to give compliance, this process suppliers electronic waste should be an ally in this process.

Submitted by Ana Rebelo (amsr@isep.ipp.pt) on 2015-04-23T14:58:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_JoaoCosta_2014_MEEC.pdf: 5197735 bytes, checksum: 10c18df4914adc2920e800c409d3b6ba (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rebelo (amsr@isep.ipp.pt) on 2015-04-24T14:10:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_JoaoCosta_2014_MEEC.pdf: 5197735 bytes, checksum: 10c18df4914adc2920e800c409d3b6ba (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T14:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_JoaoCosta_2014_MEEC.pdf: 5197735 bytes, checksum: 10c18df4914adc2920e800c409d3b6ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014

Every organization, that wants to be competitive in the market, must constantly improve and find new, better and smarter procedures of individual processes. This thesis describes and analyses the existing quality management system of the suppliers selection and evaluation process in the medium sized engineering company. The work contains recommendations and suggestions for possible improvements of the system.

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica – Gestão Industrial Submitted by Ana Rebelo (amsr@isep.ipp.pt) on 2014-07-08T11:49:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_AnaJesus_2013_MEM.pdf: 2777928 bytes, checksum: 9e249f1e4db259600528b730a69904b2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-08T11:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_AnaJesus_2013_MEM.pdf: 2777928 bytes, checksum: 9e249f1e4db259600528b730a69904b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013

Proces raziskave nabavnega trga in izbira dobavitelja je proces, ki postaja vedno bolj in bolj pomemben v današnjem okolju. Podjetja se zato v današnjem času vse bolj posvečajo nabavi, saj tukaj lahko v veliki meri zmanjšajo stroške, kajti največji del vrednosti proizvoda predstavlja ravno nabavljen material. Nabavno poslovanje postaja vse bolj obsežno, dopolnjujejo ga sedaj že tržne funkcije, kot so proučevanje nabavnega trga, planiranje nabave, odločitve glede dobaviteljev, razvoj dobaviteljev, odločitve o oblikah in načinih nabavnega poslovanja ter nabavnih poteh. Nekdaj tradicionalno razumevanje odnosa kupec–dobavitelj, ki je temeljil na zniževanju cen in tekmovalnosti med udeleženci v menjalnem procesu, usmerjenim v proizvajanje dobrin, je zamenjal sodoben pristop, ki ima v celotni oskrbovalni verigi v središču končnega kupca in idejo, kako zadovoljiti njegove želje in potrebe. V Uniorju, d. d., smatrajo dobavitelje kot strateški kapital in ugled svojega podjetja, zato jim ni vseeno, kdo so njihovi poslovni partnerji. V ta namen vlagajo v razvoj dobaviteljev vse svoje znanje in hotenja, da bi lahko skupaj z njimi razvijali nove inovativne izdelke, nove procese in kljubovali vse močnejši globalni konkurenci. Zavedajo se, da bodo le skupaj povezani v celotni dobavni verigi uspeli čim bolj zadovoljiti potrebe, ki jih od njih pričakujejo njihovi kupci. Process research of the purchasing market and choice of supplier is a process that is becoming more and more important in today's environment. The company, therefore, in today's increasingly focused on purchasing, because here you can greatly reduce the cost, since the largest part of the value of a product represents the flat purchased material. The cost of doing business is becoming increasingly widespread, complemented by now already marketable features, such as the study of the purchasing market, planning to purchase decisions with regard to suppliers, the development of suppliers, the decision on the forms and methods of purchasing business and purchase channels. Formerly a traditional understanding of the relationship of buyer-supplier, which was based on the price depression and competition between participants in the Exchange process, aimed at producing goods, was replaced by the modern approach, which has in the entire chain of re-supply in the heart of the final purchaser, and an idea of how to satisfy his desires and needs. In Unior d. d., they think that the vendors as a strategic capital and reputation of your company, so they do not care who they are, their business partners. To this end, investing in the development of suppliers for all your knowledge and willingness to be with them, develop new innovative products, new processes, and kljubovali all the stronger global competition. Be aware that they will only along linked throughout the supply chain to succeed as much as possible to satisfy the needs of their customers.

V diplomski nalogi smo proučevali sistem zagotavljanja kakovosti ter možnosti njegove vpeljave v manjšem proizvodnem podjetju Stil si. Podjetje izdeluje kovane izdelke, izdelke iz nerjaveče pločevine in garažna vrata po naročilu. Pri vpeljavi so nam bila v pomoč vodila podana v ISO 9001:2008. V diplomsko nalogo smo vključili raziskavo, katere namen je bil analizirati trenutno stanje na področju kakovosti v podjetju Stil si. Pregledali smo trenutno stanje v podjetju. Natančno smo analizirali tri ključne procese v podjetju, to so nabava, proizvodnja in montaža. Ker je bilo stanje najmanj ustrezno v nabavi, smo naredili tudi analizo dobaviteljev, ki so bili vključeni v projekte, katere so uspešno zaključili v letu 2011. Ugotovili smo, da bodo najprej morali spremeniti miselnost in se zavedati, da kakovost ni le kakovost izdelka, ampak le ta vključuje zadovoljstvo kupcev, stalno izboljševanje procesov in vključenost vseh zaposlenih. Na področju dobave smo predstavili konkretne rešitve. Naredili smo predloge izboljšanih procesov, v katere smo vključili kar nekaj novosti, oblikovali list za ocenjevanje dobaviteljev in delovni nalog, s pomočjo katerih bodo dosegli višji nivo zagotavljanja kakovosti v podjetju. In the Diploma thesis we were studying quality management system and possibilities of its implementation in a small manufacturing company Stil si. Stil si produces forged products, stainless steel products and custom made garage doors. Guidelines for implementing quality management system were developed from ISO standards. We included a research in the Diploma thesis, which purpose was to analyse current situation of quality system in the company Stil si. With analysis we obtained a view of the current situation in the company. We closely analysed three key processes in the company which are supply, production and assembly. We found that supply process was the list efficient and therefore we also analysed the suppliers that were included in the company’s projects that were successfully completed in the year 2011. Our findings are that the company will have to realize that quality does not only mean the quality of the end product, but that it encompass customer satisfaction, continuous improvements of business processes and employee inclusion. We also presented several suggestions regarding companies supply processes. We made proposals of improved processes, we included some novelties, formed document for assessment of suppliers and document for work assignments. We believe that all this will help to ensure higher quality assurance in the company.

This paper examines the problem of supplier selection. The supplier selection process has been expressedas decision cycle, which involves such phases: searching for suppliers, preliminary selection, complex evaluation, negotiations, preparing a contract, monitoring. The present situation in this field has been described in such a way: large interest to increase validity of decisions for supplier selection from side of business practice, diversity of methods and models for supplier selection suggested by researchers, the episodic character of putting into practice this methodical potential. In order to improve such a situation, we see a need to develop the medium of intelligent support for supplier selection decisions. The suggested variant of integrated decisions intelligent support system is provided. The components of expert judgment support, individual decision support, group decision support and negotiations support have been incorporated into proposed system. The content and process of decisions support have been specified in accordance with character of every phase of supplier selection cycle. Article in Lithuanian. Tiekėjų atrankos intelektinės paramos sprendimai Santrauka. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama tiekėjų atrankos problema. Tiekėjų atranka traktuojama kaip sprendimų ciklas, kuriam būdingos šios fazės: tiekėjų paieška, preliminari atranka, kompleksinis vertinimas, derybos, sutarties sudarymas, tiekimo stebėsena. Dabartinė šios srities situacija apibūdinta taip: didelis verslo praktikos interesas didinti sprendimų, parenkant tiekėjus, pagrįstumą, tyrėjų siūlomų tiekėjų atrankos metodų ir modelių įvairovė ir tik epizodiškas gausaus metodinio potencialo taikymas praktikoje. Padėčiai gerinti siūlome plėtoti tiekėjų atrankos sprendimų intelektinės paramos terpę. Aprašytas siūlomos integruotos sprendimų intelektinės paramos sistemos variantas. Joje integruoti ekspertinės, individualių sprendimų, grupinių sprendimųir derybų paramos komponentai. Sprendimų turinio ir proceso parama individualizuota atsižvelgiant į tiekėjų atrankos ciklo fazių specifiką. Reikšminiai žodžiai: tiekėjų atranka, atrankos ciklas, daugiakriterinis vertinimas, intelektinė sprendimų parama.

Kot vemo se poslovno okolje dolgoročno spreminja. Spremembe so tako številne, da jih je včasih zelo težko dohajati. To še posebej velja za tiste, ki se ukvarjajo z nabavnim managamentom. Hitro razvijajoča se informacijska tehnologija, s skoraj neomejenimi možnostmi, zagotavlja tudi hiter razvoj nabavne funkcije. Povsem na novo vpliva na sporazumevanje v samem podjetju in med podjetji. Nabavno dokumentacijo na papirju so zamenjala faksirana sporočila, elektronska pošta in neposredni telefonski klici po satelitskih omrežjih, ki povezujejo skoraj vse kraje po svetu. Ta nova informacijska tehnologija omogoča vodjem nabave odkrivanje novih dobaviteljev ter lažje in učinkovitejše sporazumevanje z njimi. V teoretičnem delu naloge smo s pomočjo domače in tuje literature najprej predstavili cilje, naloge in probleme nabavne službe, ter opisali nabavni postopek in dobavitelje. S tem smo prišli do ugotovitev, kakšna je oziroma naj bo nabava v podjetju. V praktičnem delu je predstavljeno podjetje Tehcenter d.o.o., predvsem z vidika njegove nabavne funkcije. Zaradi začetne majhnosti podjetja, nabavna funkcija ni imela posebnega mesta v podjetju, z njegovo rastjo, predvsem z vidika širitve proizvodnje, pa je postala njegov pomemben segment. S tem pa je postal neustrezen tudi obstoječi informacijski sistem, ki ga je bilo potrebno nujno spremeniti in prilagoditi novim razmeram. V diplomski nalogi smo zato z uvedbo novega IS skušali predstaviti njegove pozitivne učinke za boljšo in kakovostnejšo funkcioniranje nabavne službe. Nowadays, business environment is changing very rapidly. There are so many changes that they are very difficult to follow. This holds especially for those dealing with purchasing management. The information technology, which develops very quickly, assures with its nearly unlimited possibilities also quick development of the purchasing function. It influences the communication within the company and among companies in a totally new way. Purchasing paper documentation has been substituted by fax messages, e-mails and direct telephone calls through satellite networks that connect nearly all places all over the world. This new information technology enables purchasing managers to discover new suppliers and to communicate with them easier and more efficiently. In the theoretical part of my diploma paper I have, on the basis of domestic and foreign literature, presented the goals, tasks and problems of purchasing departments, and described the purchasing procedure. In this way I have established what is or what should be respectively the purchasing in an enterprise. The practical part presents company Tehcenter, mostly from its purchasing function. At the beginning the company was small and therefore the purchasing function didn’t play an important role in the company but it became an important segment while the company was growing and expanding its production. Because of this the existing information system became unsuitable and needed changes that new situations have brought. For this reason the diploma paper shows how the introduction of a new information system positively effects the functioning of the purchasing department, being better and more qualitative.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljeno izboljševanje procesa izbora, ocenjevanja in razvoja dobaviteljev v podjetju Domel, d. d. Spremljali smo delo na štirih razvojnih projektih, in sicer za kupce Stihl EC, Continental, Swegon in Visteon, kjer se soočamo z neustrezno kakovostjo vhodnega materiala, kar ima za posledice veliko število izdanih OK-1 nalogov in reklamacij dobaviteljem. V magistrsko nalogo je vključena raziskava, katere namen je bil raziskati način dela na omenjenem procesu v slovenskih podjetjih elektro-kovinsko predelovalne industrije. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je podjetje Domel, d. d. na področju izbora, ocenjevanja in razvoja dobaviteljev v veliki meri primerljivo s slovenskimi podjetji, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi. Predstavljeni so predlogi za izboljšanje posameznega segmenta procesa, s katerimi bomo lahko dosegli zastavljen cilj »biti korak pred konkurenco«. Izbor dobaviteljev smo nadgradili s piramido dobaviteljev in projektnim timom, preko katerega se izbirajo dobavitelji. Dobavitelje bomo ocenjevali s Pareto diagramom in preko seminarjev za predstavitev dobaviteljev. Z organizacijo različnih izobraževanj, delavnic in predstavitev bomo skrbeli za razvoj dobaviteljev. Vključevanje dobaviteljev pa bo potekalo po natančno začrtani poti, po kateri bodo dobavitelji vključeni v razvoj izdelka že takoj na začetku projekta. Izvedli smo tudi praktičen primer po postopku Definiraj, Izmeri, Analiziraj, Izboljšaj, Preveri (DMAIC), z namenom povečanja števila »A« dobaviteljev na obravnavanih štirih razvojnih projektih in zmanjšanja stroškov reklamacij in OK-1 nalogov. Rezultati po postopku DMAIC so bili zadovoljivi. Realizirani so bili vsi poglavitni cilji: delež »A« dobaviteljev na obravnavanih projektih se je povečal za planiranih 40%, stroški reklamacij so se zmanjšali za 70%, kar je 20%, več kot smo planirali, stroški OK-1 nalogov pa so se zmanjšali za planiranih 50%. In this thesis we represent improvement of selection process, evaluation and development of suppliers in company Domel, d. d. We traced the work on our four R&D projects. First is for customer Stihl EC, second is Continental, third is Swegon and fourth Visteon. With these projects we are confronting with unsuitable quality of incoming material, and a large figure of our OK-1 forms for handling such material and complaints to our suppliers as well. This thesis includes also research work. The purpose of the research was to find how the mentioned process is handled in other Slovenian companies (electro-metal industry). The results of this research have shown us, that company Domel, d. d. on the field of selection, evaluation and development of suppliers is in large way comparable to other Slovenian companies which were involved in the research. We presented suggestions for improvement of individual parts of the process with which we could reach a goal »to be a step ahead of the competition«. We upgraded the process for selection of suppliers with a pyramid of suppliers and project team, which now handles the selection of the suppliers. We will evaluate the suppliers with the help of a Pareto diagram and during the workshops with suppliers. With organization of different educations, workshops and presentations we will take care for development of our suppliers. Involvement of suppliers will be defined precisely, already from the project start-up. We performed a practical case following the method Define Measure Analyze Improve Control (DMAIC) with the purpose to increase a number of »A« suppliers for monitored projects and to reduce costs on claims and OK-1 procedures. The results of DMAIC method were satisfying. All main goals were realized: the share of »A« suppliers increased for 40% (as it was planned), costs on claims were reduced for 70% (20% more than it was planned), and costs on OK-1 procedures were reduced for 50% (as it was planned).

V diplomski nalogi obravnavamo postopek vrednotenja izbire najprimernejšega dobavitelja tiskarskega materiala. Dandanes tiskarnam predstavlja konkurenčno prednost pravilno izbrana surovina, ki jo kasneje predelajo v prodajni artikel. Sistematično, transparentno in celovito izbiro nam je omogočila programska oprema DEXi, pri analizi končne ocene pa smo si pomagali s programom za vrednotenje in analizo variant Vredana. Z uporabo ekspertnih sistemov smo prišli do ugotovitve, da njihova funkcija ni zgolj pomoč pri odločanju, temveč tudi spoznavanje in ustvarjanje jasnejše slike problema, kar omogoča njegovo kakovostnejše reševanje. Prikazali smo izboljšanje odločitvenega procesa na nivoju managementa ter na realnem primeru prikazali pomembnost sistemov za podporo odločanju na nivoju vodenja podjetja. The thesis discusses the process of finding the best suppliers of printing materials through systematic evaluation. For today's printing business, the correct selection of materials provides a competitive advantage. Two programs were used to match this criterion: the DEXi software allowed for systematic, transparent and comprehensive analysis and Vredana provided the final evaluation through the breakdown of all possible combinations. The conclusion that we have drawn is that the aid of the aforementioned systems is not only helpful in the decision making process, but also in the emerging ability to identify problems and their solutions, allowing for even greater efficiency. The case study has shown both the improvement in the decision making process and the importance of such a support system for the management of every company.

Several authors have been studying group decision making over the years, which indicates how relevant it is. This paper presents a multicriteria group decision model based on ELECTRE IV and VIP Analysis methods, to those cases where there is great divergence among the decision makers. This model includes two stages. In the first, the ELECTRE IV method is applied and a collective criteria ranking is obtained. In the second, using criteria ranking, VIP Analysis is applied and the alternatives are selected. To illustrate the model, a numerical application in the context of the selection of suppliers in project management is used. The suppliers that form part of the project team have a crucial role in project management. They are involved in a network of connected activities that can jeopardize the success of the project, if they are not undertaken in an appropriate way. The question tackled is how to select service suppliers for a project on behalf of an enterprise that assists the multiple objectives of the decision-makers.Vários autores têm estudado decisão em grupo nos últimos anos, o que indica a relevância do assunto. Esse artigo apresenta um modelo multicritério de decisão em grupo baseado nos métodos ELECTRE IV e VIP Analysis, adequado aos casos em que se tem uma grande divergência entre os decisores. Esse modelo é composto por dois estágios. No primeiro, o método ELECTRE IV é aplicado e uma ordenação dos critérios é obtida. No próximo estágio, com a ordenação dos critérios, o método VIP Analysis é aplicado e as alternativas são selecionadas. Para ilustrar o modelo, uma aplicação numérica no contexto da seleção de fornecedores em projetos é realizada. Os fornecedores que fazem parte da equipe do projeto têm um papel fundamental no gerenciamento de projetos. Eles estão envolvidos em uma rede de atividades conectadas que, caso não sejam executadas de forma apropriada, podem colocar em risco o sucesso do projeto. A questão colocada é como selecionar fornecedores de serviço para um projeto de uma empresa considerando os objetivos dos decisores envolvidos.

Mestrado em Gestão MBA A larger concentration of retail companies, with the subsequent incres in competition, has brought about enormous advantages for the final consumer. However, a fierce competition, supported by price reduction, has put an additional pressure upon the suppliers. This work aims at deterrnining the criteria for the selection of suppliers used by the six leading retail companies in Portugal. A situation of choice of a supplier has therefore, been simulated by means of an interview, in which five criteria have been presented. Those criteria are dealt with in more detail in bibliography. In a first moment of the interview, the following criteria have been put forward: Economic criteria; Reliability; Product; Service; Flexibility. The results were checked on Multi-Criteria Decision Making and quantified with a Judgmental Analysis System- J.A.S. With both the J.A.S. and the analysis of the content of the interviews, it was possible to trace the decision profile of the purchasers, in the firms mentioned above. The study shows that product is the most valued criterium, immediately followed by the economic criteria. Factors associated with reliability in the supplier are in third position and, with an equal weight, the quality of service and the firm flexibility comes last. Notwithstanding these results, it has always been reinforced that the criteria work together, and they are ali important for the business, even if for the time being the less valued ones do not hinder it. In the future, however, they may work as filters for the choice of new suppliers. O aumento da concentração de empresas no sector da distribuição provocou um acréscimo da concorrência entre empresas, originando vantagens significativas para o consumidor final com o aumento da oferta e a redução dos preços dos produtos. No entanto, o aumento da concorrência, com incidência na redução dos preços, teve como resultado o aumento da pressão sobre os fornecedores. Este estudo tem por objectivo determinar os critérios utilizados na escolha de fornecedores de vinho, nas seis principais empresas de distribuição em Portugal. Para a concretização do objectivo proposto, procedeu-se à simulação de uma situação de escolha de um fornecedor, através uma entrevista com o recurso a um software de análise de tomadas de decisão, JAS-Judgmental Analisys System, onde se confrontaram os clientes com cinco critérios para a escolha de fornecedores. A entrevista estava dividida em duas partes. Numa primeira parte apresentaram-se os critérios: económicos; de confiança; do produto; de serviço; de flexibilidade, hierarquizados, em função da sua importância relativa, com base na Análise Multi- Critérios e com o recurso ao JAS. Na segunda parte da entrevista, procurou-se encontrar a justificação para as opções tomadas, recorrendo-se à Análise de Conteúdo das entrevistas, a fim de se poder traçar o perfil de decisão dos responsáveis de compras na área de vinho, das empresas em estudo. Deste estudo, conclui-se que o critério mais valorizado na escolha de fornecedores é o produto, seguido do critério económico. O critério de confiança nos fornecedores surge em terceiro lugar, ficando em último lugar, e com igual peso, o serviço prestado e a flexibilidade das empresas. Em relação às empresas fornecedoras, concluiu-se que aquela que tem uma gama mais alargada de produtos, com um mix mais diversificado, proporciona uma maior rendibilidade. Este facto deve-se a um melhor serviço, consequência da empresa ser mais profissional, conhecer melhor o mercado e por cumprir com os contratos, o que dá uma maior confiança aos seus clientes. N/A