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People with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders have difficulty accurately estimating their abilities and skills (impaired introspective accuracy [IA]) and tend to over- or underestimate their performance. This discrepancy between self-reported and objective task performance has been identified as a significant predictor of functional impairment. Yet, the factors driving this discrepancy are currently unclear. To date, the relationships between sleep quality and IA have not been examined. The current study aimed to explore the relationships between sleep quality and IA in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 36), schizoaffective disorder (SCZ-A; n = 55), and bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BP; n = 87). Participants completed tasks of emotion recognition, estimated their performance on the tasks (used to calculate IA), and provided confidence ratings for their accuracy judgments. Participants also self-reported their sleep quality. These results suggest significantly greater discrepancies between self-reported and actual task scores for those with SCZ and SCZ-A compared to participants with BP. For those with SCZ, lower confidence on the tasks and underestimation of abilities were associated with lower sleep quality, while for those with SCZ-A, lower sleep quality was associated with higher confidence and overestimation of performance. Results suggest differential relationships between diagnostic groups. Future research is needed to further explore the factors driving these differing relationships, particularly the contrasting relationships between SCZ and SCZ-A.

The distribution of self-awareness across species is important to understand, not only as a matter of scientific interest but also because of its implications for the ethical standing of non-human animals. The prevailing methodology for determining self-awareness is to test for visual self-recognition using mirror-image stimulation and a 'mark test'. However, most studies have involved very small sample sizes, omitted a control condition and been conducted on captive animals. Here, we designed and implemented the first controlled mark test in a wild setting, conducting the mark test using a laser pointer on a large (n = 51 individuals, 135 mark tests) sample of wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in situ. Control tests showed that baboons were interested in the mark, but this interest decreased with age, and was greater in males and towards green (cf. red) marks. However, as predicted, subjects showed no evidence of visual self-recognition, which, given the control, cannot be attributed to a lack of motivation in the mark. Our study proposes a novel, controlled mark test in situ and contributes to the evidence that, without extensive training, non-hominid primates are not capable of full visual self-recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionMethodsResultsConclusionSelf-monitoring abilities, both in the moment (online) and general self-knowledge (offline) of one’s errors, are crucial to implementing modification to tasks to support healthy, independent aging. Cognitive strategies (CS) aid in functional, physical, and cognitive abilities, but without recognition of their need, individuals may struggle to complete daily tasks. The current study examined whether higher levels of self-monitoring would predict higher use and quality of real-world cognitive strategies in older adults.Participants included 80 community-dwelling midlife and older adults. Participants completed a remote battery of neuropsychological tasks, including a computerized go-no-go task that evaluated online self-monitoring, and a self-reported questionnaire to measure offline self-monitoring (Cognitive Self-Efficacy Questionnaire). To assess CS, a count score (CS Quantity) and utility score (CS Quality) were computed based on strategies utilized in completion of real-world prospective memory tasks.Online self-monitoring was not significantly related to offline self-monitoring (r(77) = –.07, p = .52). A hierarchical regression revealed that while offline self-monitoring significantly predicted 7% of the variance in CS Quality, above and beyond age, global cognition, and premorbid functioning (ΔR2 = .07, ΔF = 6.23, p = .02), the addition of online self-monitoring did not contribute significant incremental validity (ΔR2 = .001, ΔF = 0.12, p = .73). The second hierarchical regression revealed that neither online nor offline self-monitoring significantly predicted CS Quantity, after controlling for sex (ΔR2 = .004, ΔF = 0.29, p = .60).The results support the distinction between online and offline self-monitoring concepts and their assessment. For community-dwelling midlife and older adults without dementia, clinicians may consider an individual’s perceptions of their ability to self-monitor when working to facilitate the use of cognitive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusions\nKey PointsWhile health literacy is known to impact general well-being positively, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are not fully understood. The current study examined the associations between health literacy and general well-being in adults, focusing on the mediating roles of the perceived importance of health and self-awareness behaviours and the moderating influence of health status.This study collected data via an online survey from a total of 2,101 Turkish-speaking adults, 1,482 females (70.5%) and 619 males (29.95%), aged between 17 and 60, with a mean age of 25.58 (SD = 9.66). Data collection was conducted during January and February 2023. Participants completed self-reported measures assessing health literacy, the importance of health, self-awareness, well-being, and health status.Mediation analysis indicated that health literacy is linked to general well-being through the importance of health [effect = 0.13, 95% [0.05, 0.11]) and self-awareness [effect = 0.06, 95% [0.05, 0.11]). Moderation analysis revealed a significant moderating effect of health status on the relationship between self-awareness and general well-being, with a significant relationship only evident among those reporting good health (B = 0.051, p < 0.05).Enhancing health literacy is essential for improving general well-being by promoting individuals’ understanding of health and fostering self-awareness. Understanding how health literacy and changes in health status impact well-being can inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at promoting both well-being and health outcomes.What is already known about this topic: There is a relationship between health literacy and positive health outcomes, often attributed to the adoption of health-promoting behaviours.Previous studies have indicated that health literacy contributes significantly to an individual’s health and well-being.Health literacy has been linked to better health awareness and the perceived importance of health, which play important roles in promoting healthier lifestyles.There is a relationship between health literacy and positive health outcomes, often attributed to the adoption of health-promoting behaviours.Previous studies have indicated that health literacy contributes significantly to an individual’s health and well-being.Health literacy has been linked to better health awareness and the perceived importance of health, which play important roles in promoting healthier lifestyles.What this topic adds: This study revealed that health literacy is indirectly related to general well-being through mediating roles of the perceived importance of health and self-awareness behaviours.The findings highlight that self-awareness positively relates to general well-being primarily among individuals with good health status.Enhancing health literacy levels can be a strategic approach to improving general well-being by promoting an understanding of health importance and fostering self-awareness.This study revealed that health literacy is indirectly related to general well-being through mediating roles of the perceived importance of health and self-awareness behaviours.The findings highlight that self-awareness positively relates to general well-being primarily among individuals with good health status.Enhancing health literacy levels can be a strategic approach to improving general well-being by promoting an understanding of health importance and fostering self-awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-awareness is a multifaceted phenomenon that comprises two main concepts: general awareness and online awareness. The latter is an emerging concept that requires further consensus on its definition. The aim of this paper is to define the key components of online awareness and identify approaches for measuring this concept for adults with neurological conditions. Materials and methods: Concept analysis using Rodgers' evolutionary method was used to systematically review and summarise relevant literature. Papers were included if they provided a definition of online awareness or method for assessing online awareness for an adult neurological population. Results: Fifty-six papers were included in this review, with 21 online awareness assessment approaches identified. Online awareness was described to occur within the context of task performance, with the definition framework comprising four main aspects: 1/appraisal; 2/anticipation and prediction; 3/monitoring; and 4/self-evaluation. Self-regulation is a related concept that is considered to sit outside the conceptual boundaries of online awareness. Conclusions: The findings of this analysis highlight the complexity of online awareness and its importance in rehabilitation. Psychometrically robust measures of online awareness that are inclusive of the essential elements of this concept are needed to advance practice in this area. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Online awareness or awareness of performance within the context of an activity should be included in the comprehensive assessment of self-awareness for individuals with neurological conditions. Online awareness is a task-specific phenomenon that is activated in the context of task performance, and requires assessment across a range of tasks and environments. When assessing online awareness, careful consideration is required when selecting tasks to ensure they have the right level of challenge to elicit the need to monitor performance. The heterogeneity of existing online awareness assessments highlights the need to interpret outcomes with caution. Future efforts should be directed towards development of an online awareness assessment that includes key attributes of this concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern society, many workers struggle with sleep deprivation due to their work schedules and excessive workloads. Accurate self-awareness and self-monitoring abilities are crucial for workers to adopt risk-coping strategies and protective behaviors when fatigued. The current study examined the relationship between chronotypes and self-monitoring performance during 24 h of sleep deprivation. The study involved 26 male adults in a two-night experiment, and participants’ diurnal preferences were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Self-monitoring performance was calculated by comparing actual task performance with self-rated predicted or post-estimated performance in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST). The study found that task and self-monitoring performances in the PVT and DSST were maintained until around 4:00 h, after which they began to deteriorate. Individuals with a higher MEQ score, indicating a stronger tendency towards a morning type, showed inaccurate self-monitoring, particularly in the final quarter of the sleep deprivation experiment, due to overly optimistic predictions. However, only prediction accuracy and not post-estimation showed this correlation. This study highlights the importance of considering an individual’s chronotype in workplace management, particularly in workplaces with irregular work timings, rotating shifts, and long working hours, to ensure better occupational safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This UK-based study examines how people learned to identify digital misinformation. This included what experiences enabled this development, and the skills that were acquired in the process. This is a small-scale qualitative study of participants who self-reported as being confident in spotting digital misinformation and the data was analysed using a thematic network model. The three main themes identified were: "Formal Learning", "Informal Learning", and "Sense of Self". Participants reported that their formal educational experiences at primary and secondary school were largely unhelpful in their development of digital media literacy. Although a university education was identified as enabling the acquisition of some useful skills such as cross-referencing and critical thinking, participants acquired most of their abilities to identify digital misinformation from what is best characterised as their informal learning experiences, most notable of which was the establishment of a strong sense of self-awareness. This was pivotal to the monitoring of emotional triggers which are often the crux of digital misinformation. This paper also highlights the importance of critical pedagogy which promotes an awareness of wider power structures underpinning what is now being widely referred to as "surveillance capitalism". In conclusion, it is suggested that formal education could learn much from these informal educational processes which have been identified as being helpful in building criticality, which is in turn integral to producing more digital media-literate citizens, and a population more resilient to digital misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care professionals agree that there are countless individuals with problematic eating habits that detract from health and well-being but do not directly meet the criteria for diagnosis of disorder. Previous research identifies that problematic eating patterns are notoriously challenging to address and that positive changes in behavior are difficult to maintain. This qualitative study contributes to the literature identifying potential mechanisms for transformative and lasting change for individuals exhibiting problematic eating patterns. Utilizing heuristic methodology, the lived experience of spontaneous transformation as a mechanism of change in the development of, and recovery from, problematic eating habits was illuminated and explored by the primary researcher, SS, and six female coresearchers. The data for this study were obtained through in-depth, informal conversational interviews. Heuristic analysis of the data revealed six core themes relevant to the experience of the phenomenon of spontaneous transformation and the recovery from problematic eating habits: (a) early messaging in environment of origin, (b) moments of suffering as gateways to change, (c) perceived loss of control, (d) implicit awareness resulting in transformation, (e) physical expressions of expansion and constriction, (f) and the necessity for a new definition of recovery. The findings of this study point toward the experience of spontaneous transformation as a mechanism for enhanced self-awareness and potential for generating transformational change in patterns of problematic eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of complications and premature death, which is a significant global public health concern. Self-management is a concept that involves personal strategies to create self-awareness that leads to changes in self-management behavior. This quasi-experimental study compared self-awareness and self-management behaviors for controlling hypertension: restriction of sodium intake, alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, stress reduction, and increased exercise between the mHealth and the Face-to-Face self-management programs. The participants comprised 50 civil servants affiliated with the Secretariat of the House of Representatives, of whom 25 received the mHealth program and 25 received the Face-to-Face program. Group assignments conducted simple random sampling and matched the age, gender, and education level matching. Research tools included the two programs, the Self-Awareness Assessment and the Self-Management Behaviors Assessment instruments. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the t-test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that, after the experiment, the mHealth group showed a statistically significantly higher mean rank of self-awareness and self-management behaviors than the Face-to-Face group. This study supported the mHealth self-management program's effectiveness over the Face-to-Face Program in increasing self-awareness and self-management behaviors at 12 weeks. Nurses can integrate this program to promote health among Thai people who have access to LINE application communication tools to prevent new cases of hypertension and control hypertension. However, further testing in other population groups is required before it can be widely used nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflexivity has become a key concept in RE. It plays a vital role in the interpretive approach and the broader contexts of hermeneutics, anthropology, and research methodology. Moreover, reflexivity is closely related to other terms like self-awareness and self-reflection. How can we conceptualise reflexivity and these related concepts? What are the possible purposes of reflexivity in RE, and how is it facilitated? To answer these questions, we have conducted a thorough scoping review of 62 peer-reviewed articles in English. We identified literature from a broad range of contexts through a comprehensive search. The result is a nuanced classification of the conceptualisations, purposes, and practices we identified in a rich and highly heterogeneous body of literature. We have made this result available in Supplementary material to support future research. Our mapping indicates the need for conceptual clarity and consistent use of reflexivity and related concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health professionals are seeking new ways to deal with modern problems such as anxiety, depression, and the existential crisis of the Bhagavad Gita, a timeless spiritual scripture. It offers a deep understanding of the human nature and coping mechanisms. The objective of this study is to explore the integration of the Bhagavad Gita principles into modern psychotherapeutic practices and to determine compliance with existing treatment guidelines and potential benefits.A comprehensive literature review of existing studies and qualitative analysis examined the Gita's themes regarding self-realization. Living a life with purpose and the flexibility associated with modern psychotherapy. These findings point to important congruence between the principles of the Gita and modern medical approaches. Specifically, mindfulness and medicine exist. Integrating these ancient principles enhances cultural sensitivity, holistic care and treatment. This study presents a unique blend of Eastern wisdom and Western psychology. It demonstrates the potential of combining Bhagavad Gita principles with modern psychotherapy. With this integration, clinicians can provide more effective and culturally responsive care and improve mental health outcomes. This research contributes to a growing body of evidence that supports the value of ancient spiritual texts for contemporary mental health practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: To control their behavior, animals often need to consider various physical dimensions of their body to predict their interaction with objects in their environment. We studied the ability of brown rats to consider the size of their body. To solve the experimental task, the rats had to penetrate through various holes in the partition of the experimental setup that separated them from the bait. The results of the study showed that rats can choose, from three available holes, the only one that is penetrable even if the other two holes have a larger area. They made their choice even before direct tactile contact with the partition, that is, they anticipated the result of their possible passing through of the holes. These data convincingly show that when solving the task of penetrating holes, rats use the body size awareness mechanism. In turn, this suggests that rats have a certain form of self-awareness. Body size awareness is the ability of animals to consider the size of their bodies when interacting with environmental objects. It is one of the manifestations of body self-awareness. We studied body size awareness in laboratory rats of Wistar strain. In the experiment, rats had to pass through one of three holes in a partition to reach the bait. In each trial, the shape, size, and position of the holes varied. The task of the first experiment was to establish whether rats prefer to pass through the larger holes, given that all the three were penetrable for their bodies. The task of the second experiment was to establish whether rats can choose the only penetrable hole while the other two were of a greater area but impenetrable. The results of the first experiment showed that the rats did not show a preference for larger holes. The results of the second experiment showed that rats can make the first approach and subsequent penetration immediately into the only penetrable hole even before the tactile contact with the partition. Thus, rats can consider the size of their own body when solving the task of penetrating into a hole, which is a sign of body size awareness. These results enrich our general understanding of the phenomenon of body self-awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The auditor's behaviors during the audit process significantly affect the concerns related to reducing the effectiveness of the collected evidence and the quality of the audit. Understanding this issue can identify potential risks and adjust the auditor's behavior to improve audit quality. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the question of whether emotional intelligence competencies can affect Reduced Audit Quality Behaviors or not. From the perspective of the result of its implementation, the current research is of an applied type, from the perspective of the implementation process, it is part of quantitative research, and from the perspective of the implementation goal, it is descriptive and survey. The tool used in this type of research is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consists of partners, managers, and chartered accountants in the employment of auditing institutions that are members of the Iranian Chartered Accountants Society, which according to the website of the Chartered Accountants Society of Iran in 1402 were equal to 416 people, although in the end 204 questionnaires were tested. The results of the research show that optimism, self-awareness, and empathy hurt audit quality-reducing behaviors, and self-management and flexibility do not affect audit qualityreducing behaviors. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be stated that emotional intelligence affects reducing the Reduced Audit Quality Behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Psychological problems experienced by diabetic patients need to be known and handled properly by health workers because distress will have a negative impact on the patient's diabetes management behavior. This study aims to capture and describe in detail the psychosocial experience of diabetes patients. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who had an experience following the phenomenon and research objectives. The number of participants in this study was 10 participants. This research was conducted in the Malang City Ciptomulyo Health Center area from March to May 2021. The analysis of this research was interpretative psychological analysis (IPA). The four themes of the psychosocial experience found in people with diabetes mellitus are fear and worry when diagnosed with diabetes, sad and disturbed by changes in body appearance and function, social support providing appeasement and self-awareness and support of others for diabetes management. Living with diabetes can be a difficult and overwhelming experience that often leads to fear and anxiety. Furthermore, the physical changes caused by diabetes can disrupt daily routines and affect mental health. Health workers should address both the physical and psychological effects of diabetes and encourage patients to take responsibility for their treatment to improve overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stakeholders agree that accounting graduates need excellent relational acumen (communication, leadership, people, relationship-building, teamwork, self-management, and emotional intelligence [EI] skills) to successfully navigate an increasingly multicultural and digitally impacted workplace. Prior research has mainly evaluated the effectiveness of specific educational interventions in developing certain components of students' relational acumen. However, students might not benefit fully from such interventions if their awareness of behavioural styles is not first enhanced. Using action research, the researchers implemented a reflective self-assessment workshop on behavioural styles. The participants perceived their relational acumen capacity to increase from 64% to 72% developed because of the workshop, with the largest improvements relating to relationship-building and communication skills. Students with different behavioural styles benefitted from the workshop in different ways; the workshop targeted the areas in which groups of students reported a deficit prior to the workshop. The research contributes to accounting education by specifically identifying student self-awareness and social awareness (the internal dimensions of EI) pertaining to behavioural styles as possible activators for relational acumen development. The findings are useful to accounting educators seeking to develop students' relational acumen capacity. The guidance compiled could be employed by students and educators to facilitate awareness of behavioural styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, society has labeled social communication differences in autistic individuals as disordered by comparing them to the social communication behaviors of the predominant non-autistic population. This study explores how autistic young adults view their social communication experiences and how their differences impact them when navigating social situations in predominantly non-autistic environments. This qualitative study utilized purposive sampling to recruit 15 autistic adults aged 18–28 in the United States. All participants were conversation-level speaking communicators and high school graduates. Each participant engaged in an individual semi-structured, conversational interview with the first author via Zoom video conferences between November 2019 and June 2020. The data analysis identified inductive themes through interpretive phenomenological analysis. Five major themes emerged from the data that captured the challenges of autistic adults: (a) "Communication definitely is a struggle at times", (b) "if it's a very comfortable situation, then it's fine", (c) my communication style has "been very misunderstood", (d) "I have to learn people", and (e) "we're all human. Autistic too, we're still human". The participants' experiences suggest that differences in their communication style and social behavior resulted in overwhelming feelings of uncertainty and marginalization as they put great effort into engaging with non-autistic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Early Childhood is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Developing socioemotional competence in preschool children is essential to their growth. Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of socioemotional skills in early childhood, documenting distinct patterns in socioemotional growth and identifying distinct developmental patterns that suggest gender and self-awareness can influence developmental trajectories in this domain. This study investigates the role of gender in the relationship between children's self-representation and socioemotional performance-based outcomes, measured through objective and quantifiable assessments of their abilities and behaviors. A sample of 145 preschool children was assessed using the Test of Emotion Comprehension and the Berkeley Puppet Interview. Results indicate no significant gender or age differences in Test of Emotion Comprehension scores, while the Berkeley Puppet Interview revealed notable gender differences across all the latent socioemotional dimensions. These findings underscore the importance of considering gender and integrating self-representation into educational programs to support adaptive development and promote psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cross‐sectional research employing the mirror mark test of self‐recognition has dominated research focused on the development of self‐reflection in children. However, the mirror mark test may fail to capture the complexity of self as a social object, and the developmental antecedents and consequences of self‐reflection remain largely uncharted. Here, we provide an overview of the extant longitudinal data on mirror self‐recognition and present our own longitudinal findings based on a multidimensional parent‐report measure of children's self‐development. Offering a snapshot of development over 3 months for 74 children aged between 14 and 36 months, and mirroring extant longitudinal data for mirror self‐recognition, our results suggest that increases in self‐reflection are longitudinally related to developments in pretend play, prosocial behaviour, imitation and declarative pointing. However, although baseline self‐reflection was statistically predictive of children's prosocial behaviour at follow‐up, no strong developmental predictor of self‐reflection emerged. We conclude that more longitudinal research, moving beyond or supplementing mirror self‐recognition, is needed to identify the cognitive and social precursors of self‐reflection. Nevertheless, growth in 'moral' behaviour emerges as a significant developmental consequence of this capacity in a western sample. Further research is needed to explore cultural variability in developmental pathways to and from self‐reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents the results of an experimental study devoted to the study of the features of the structural components of self-awareness in children aged 5–6 years in the aspect of child-parent relationships. Addressing the designated issue is associated with the presence of significant deformations in the system of child-parent relationships recorded in recent decades in modern families, which negatively affect the personal development of the younger generation. Particularly significant in this issue is the preschool period, when the fundamental foundations of the child's personality are formed, first of all, the ability to realize his or her Self. At the same time, despite the increased relevance of the designated problem, it can be stated that it has not been finally resolved. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the structural components of self-awareness in children aged 5–6 years in the aspect of child-parent relationships. The research methods are theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem, ascertaining experiment, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained data, methods of their interpretation. Results of the study: during the experimental study, the hypothesis was confirmed that the features of the structural components of self-awareness in children aged 5–6 years in the aspect of parent-child relationships are as follows: harmonious relationships between parents and a child in the family contribute to the formation of a higher level of the "I-image", a claim to recognition, a sense of gender identity, a sense of oneself in time, an understanding of one’s rights and responsibilities compared to disharmonious ones.

The auditor's behaviors during the audit process significantly affect the concerns related to reducing the effectiveness of the collected evidence and the quality of the audit. Understanding this issue can identify potential risks and adjust the auditor's behavior to improve audit quality. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the question of whether emotional intelligence competencies can affect Reduced Audit Quality Behaviors or not. From the perspective of the result of its implementation, the current research is of an applied type, from the perspective of the implementation process, it is part of quantitative research, and from the perspective of the implementation goal, it is descriptive and survey. The tool used in this type of research is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consists of partners, managers, and chartered accountants in the employment of auditing institutions that are members of the Iranian Chartered Accountants Society, which according to the website of the Chartered Accountants Society of Iran in 1402 were equal to 416 people, although in the end 204 questionnaires were tested. The results of the research show that optimism, self-awareness, and empathy hurt audit quality-reducing behaviors, and self-management and flexibility do not affect audit quality-reducing behaviors. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be stated that emotional intelligence affects reducing the Reduced Audit Quality Behaviors

Historically, society has labeled social communication differences in autistic individuals as disordered by comparing them to the social communication behaviors of the predominant non-autistic population. This study explores how autistic young adults view their social communication experiences and how their differences impact them when navigating social situations in predominantly non-autistic environments. This qualitative study utilized purposive sampling to recruit 15 autistic adults aged 18–28 in the United States. All participants were conversation-level speaking communicators and high school graduates. Each participant engaged in an individual semi-structured, conversational interview with the first author via Zoom video conferences between November 2019 and June 2020. The data analysis identified inductive themes through interpretive phenomenological analysis. Five major themes emerged from the data that captured the challenges of autistic adults: (a) “Communication definitely is a struggle at times”, (b) “if it’s a very comfortable situation, then it’s fine”, (c) my communication style has “been very misunderstood”, (d) “I have to learn people”, and (e) “we’re all human. Autistic too, we’re still human”. The participants’ experiences suggest that differences in their communication style and social behavior resulted in overwhelming feelings of uncertainty and marginalization as they put great effort into engaging with non-autistic individuals.

"Wide-awakeness"is the core proposition in Maxine Green's philosophy.The proposal of"wide-awakeness"is based on the reflection of the harm of technical rationality, the correction of excessive pursuit of the value of educational tools, and the vigilance of the numbness of "given" and the neglect of self-existence in teachers'work and life.This concept, borrowed from the field of sociology, aims to describe the ideal state of consciousness of teachers who maintain a high degree of consciousness tension and pay full attention to educational life, taking into account the dual demands of teachers'self-consciousness and identity consciousness.For teachers, the realization of "wide-awakeness"has the dual value of boosting personal growth and role growth: it can not only help teachers consciously change the status quo and pursue a better life, but also encourages teachers to transcend their own knowledge and thinking limitations, innovate teaching content and methods, and help students develop their personality and play their potential.

The article is devoted to one of the topical problems of modern psychology - the development of self-awareness in children - as it is considered in the psychology of giftedness. The study was aimed at identifying ‘self-image’ features in creatively gifted senior preschool children. It was carried out in line with the scientific approach proposed by A.M. Matyushkin to the study of giftedness as a prerequisite for the development of a creative personality. The study involved 290 children aged 6-7 years ( M = 6.6; SD = 0.54; boys = 143, girls = 147) attending preschool educational institutions in Moscow. The creative potential of the participants (senior preschool children) was identified using Figural Form A of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), as well as on the basis of observations, surveys of teachers and parents, and expert assessments of the children’s creative works. The results made it possible to identify a group of gifted senior preschoolers with high creative potential ( N = 52, boys = 26, girls = 26) and a group of their peers, equal in quantitative composition and gender distribution, whose creative potential was lower. The child’s ‘self-image’ features were revealed during a conversation based on the Twenty Statements Test - TST (M. Kuhn and Th. McPartland, modified by T.V. Rumyantseva) and the Study of the System of Children’s Self-Characteristics (O.A. Belobrykina). The analysis of the obtained data showed the relationship between the results of the Torrance Test performed by the senior preschoolers and the number of their self-characteristics. The following differences between the groups were highlighted: the gifted children named more characteristics when describing themselves than their peers; this was especially true for such subcategories of answers as ‘gender’, ‘age’, ‘role in society’, ‘role in the family’, ‘physical qualities’, ‘communication’, ‘abilities’, and ‘general’. The analysis of the ‘self-image’ structural components revealed that the group of the gifted children, to a greater extent than the group of their peers, represented the indicators of the social, communicative, physical, active and reflexive components. All this indicates a greater volume and greater degree of cognitive complexity and differentiation of the ‘self-image’ in the gifted senior preschoolers compared to their peers. At the same time, the following ‘self-image’ aspects common to both groups were identified: the predominance of self-characteristics of the subjective category (personality traits, skills, etc.) and emotionally positive responses. A comparison of the ‘self-images’ between the gifted boys and gifted girls showed that the girls had more pronounced ‘emotional characteristics (cheerful)’, ‘description of appearance (beautiful)’ and ‘role in the family’. The results obtained can be used in creating programs aimed at the emotional and personal development of gifted preschoolers, as well as in the process of consultative work on the prevention/correction of difficulties in the upbringing of preschoolers.

The present paper begins with an investigation of Nishida Kitarō's discussion of love in Zen no Kenkyū. Nishida claims that love is a deep union of subject and object, where the self is casted off and unites with the other. In other words, love is the expression of the self dissolving into the other, in which the self negates itself in order to further the other's awakening to no-self. This paper then argues that we can carve out an account of forgiveness based on Nishida's view of love. That if forgiveness is a practice of a higher form of love, then love, as the groundwork of a self-contradictory standpoint, is nothing other than the practice of forgiveness, and forgiveness is nothing other than repeated acts of love. Contemporary human life is one of co-existence, but conflict and divisions seem to be more of the rule of the day, which speaks to the importance of recovering the lost art of forgiveness. This paper seeks to re-assert forgiveness, as drawn from Nishida's view of love, in the attempt to heal and address the fragmentation that prevents dialogue between warring factions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the monograph by Kapitalina Antonovna Koksheneva, DSc in Philology, dedicated to the cultural and philosophical aspects of N. N. Strakhov’s legacy. The book under review is an innovative study that links the problems of nihilism and devaluing of the idea of personality, and the crisis of rationality in the European philosophical culture of the last third of the 19th century. The monograph examines the legacy of K. S. Stanislavsky in the context of the theory of “organic art.” The study is characterized by both new approaches and interdisciplinary thoroughness. Based on the concepts of understanding man and the national nature of the soul, created by Russian philosophers of the second half of the 19th century, the author defines the range of national ideals that N. N. Strakhov developed in “The Struggle with the West in Our Literature,” and which is fundamental, eternally relevant for Russian culture. The research of K. A. Koksheneva convincingly proves that only the metaphysical method allows us to understand the cultural studies of N. N. Strakhov and the circle of artists-creators and thinkers-creators close to him.

Pediatric behavioral concerns, encompassing anxiety, hyperactivity, and emotional dysregulation, pose significant challenges for children, families, and health-care professionals. Traditional interventions often rely on behavioral modification or medication, with varying degrees of success and potential side effects. In recent years, nonpharmacological approaches, particularly those grounded in mind–body practices, have gained traction. Yoga Nidra, a guided meditation technique rooted in yoga philosophy, offers a promising approach for promoting emotional well-being and positive behavioral change in children. This comprehensive review explores the potential of Yoga Nidra in addressing pediatric behavioral concerns. This review examined the potential mechanisms underlying Yoga Nidra's effects and existing research on its psychological impact, including stress reduction, emotional regulation, self-awareness, and sleep quality. Parallels were also drawn with hypnosis, another established mind-body technique. Finally, the research on Yoga Nidra’s effectiveness in specific behavioral issues was reviewed and advocated for further investigation as a noninvasive intervention for promoting positive child development.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate abuse and neglect in the elderly, its relationship with depression, and insight in those suspected of abuse and neglect. Methods: The population of the study consisted of 307 elderly individuals who applied to the outpatient clinics of Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital, who could read, write and had no speech or comprehension problems. In addition to questions on sociodemographic characteristics; the Yesavage Geriatric Depression scale, Elder Abuse Suspicion index and a question about patients’ self-awareness of individual abuse-neglect were used as data collection tools. Results: The possibility of depression was higher in primary school graduates, those who lived with family members or caregivers, and those with chronic illness. Suspicion of abuse was higher in primary school graduates, those who lived with family members or caregivers, those who had no income of their own, those with chronic illness and those who were taking psychiatric medication. Among the cases with suspicion of abuse, 58.8% were of the opinion that they had not been abused (p

The article studies complex interplay of emotional intelligence (hereafter – EI) and its key role in managing interpersonal conflict in professional settings. The study elucidates how EI subtle components such as self-awareness, empathy, self-regulation, and social skills play an important role in deciphering and overcoming the emotional complexities inherent in professional conflicts. Through methodical research, the quintessential role of EI in creating a harmonious workplace has been revealed, where conflicts are not only effectively resolved but also transformed into opportunities for growth. At the same time, the critical role of empathy in understanding and appreciating emotional states of others has been emphasized, thus fostering more inclusive and empathic communication. The practice segment of the study offers a number of strategies and training programs aimed at developing EI in professionals. These techniques, ranging from mindfulness meditation to empathy mapping workshops and emotional intelligence training, offer actionable ways to increase emotional competence in a variety of professional situations. The article concludes by discussing practical applicability of these ideas in a variety of professional settings, suggesting directions for future research, including the study of EI in different cultural contexts and technology integration into EI trai ning. This comprehensive study not only contributes to the academic discourse on EI, but also serves as a beacon for organizations and individuals seeking to navigate the emotional landscape of today’s professional environments.

Background. Sexual education in schools plays a huge role in preventing deviant behavior among adolescents. Firstly, sexual education helps adolescents understand their bodies, emotions and feelings; this contributes to the formation of a healthy self-image and relationships with others. Second, knowledge about sex and sexual relationships helps prevent undesirable consequences such as early pregnancy, infections and violence. Thus, sexual education in schools is an important tool in preventing deviant behavior among adolescents, helping them develop healthy relationships, make informed decisions and avoid dangerous situations. Purpose. Is to study the role of project-research work with adolescents within the framework of sexual education as prevention of deviant behavior among adolescents. Materials and methods. To solve the identified issue, the following research methods were used: analysis of foreign and domestic sources on organizing sexual education; questionnaires, observations, analysis of the organization of project-research work and consideration of possible inclusion of deviant behavior in adolescents in the scope of preventive measures. Result. Research shows that adolescents who have completed a sex education program based on project-research activities postpone the onset of their sexual activity more often and are more responsible in their use of contraception. Project-research activities are an effective tool for achieving the goals of sex education since they allow students to actively participate, develop critical thinking and discuss sensitive topics, help adolescents understand their needs and desires, and learn to build healthy relationships.

AbstractThis study aimed to identify occupational recovery processes involved in overcoming ADHD-related occupational challenges. Content analysis of 30 interviews revealed changes between the past and the present in: (a) occupational gaps – inconsistencies between occupational intentions and outcomes; (b) occupational choices – factors involved in the processes of choosing to participate in occupations; and (c) regulation of occupational efforts - in terms of intensity and duration. Findings illuminate change-promoting processes in the behaviors or perceptions of persons with ADHD regarding their occupational involvement. Identifying these processes could serve to develop interventions aimed at promoting occupational change among adults with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the vision of human perfection and spiritual individualism in Western Sufism, focusing on Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri's literary works and teachings. It argues that, despite some similarities with New Age concepts that imply minimal transcendence, Shaykh Fadhlalla's teachings are deeply rooted in the classical Sufi tradition and based on otherworldly transcendence, but articulated through the lens of reflexive spirituality. While contemporary Sufi communities in Western Europe navigate the opposing trends of "re-Islamisation" and the development of "post- tariqa " Sufism, this article posits that Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri's vision of post- tariqa Sufism is shaped by his ideas on human perfection and the ways to attain it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty years ago, Gallup proposed that theory of mind presupposes self‐awareness. Following Humphrey, his hypothesis was that individuals can infer the mental states of others thanks to the ability to monitor their own mental states in similar circumstances. Since then, advances in several disciplines, such as comparative and developmental psychology, have provided empirical evidence to test Gallup's hypothesis. Herein, we review and discuss this evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South African entrepreneurial sector is essential to the country's economic growth, job creation, and innovation. South African entrepreneurs encounter competitive business environment, limited resources, and socioeconomic gaps. Building resilience is critical for them to overcome challenges, adapt to change, and sustain their businesses in the face of adversity. This paper aims to explore the connection between resilience and emotional intelligence in the context of South African entrepreneurship. A systematic literature review and text analysis was carried out. This systematic literature analysis analysed 37 peer-reviewed sources that explored the impact of emotional intelligence on resilience in the South African entrepreneurial sector. Textual analysis was used to discover themes, patterns, and implications for increasing entrepreneurial resilience. Inclusion criteria included English-language research published during the last decade that focused on emotional intelligence and resilience in entrepreneurship. Non-peer-reviewed papers, grey literature, and those that did not directly address the South African context were excluded. Key findings show that emotionally intelligent leaders are better able to manage stress, build trusted relationships, and adjust to changing circumstances, which improves corporate results and ensures sustainability in a changing economic climate. This paper concludes that emotional intelligence is critical in determining the resilience and success of entrepreneurs in the South African entrepreneurial sector. Recommendations stemming from the results encompass integrating emotional intelligence training courses into entrepreneurial curricula, cultivating a nurturing and emotionally astute workplace, and encouraging self-awareness and emotional regulation proficiencies among prospective and established entrepreneurs in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-awareness is a subject that has intrigued the research community for a long time and is an object of extensive experimental research. Over the years, multiple studies and experiments probed different aspects, functions and manifestations of self-awareness in animals and humans. From these results, several intriguing questions arose: is self-awareness a general phenomenon based on some common laws and principles of organization and processing information about sensory environments? Are different manifestations of self-awareness demonstrated in multiple experiments interrelated on some common basis, or unrelated and disparate? In this work, we set out to approach these questions on the basis of the perspective of organization and processing of the information about the sensory environment of an intelligent system, external and internal. We conjecture that a possible basis for understanding the development and evolution of self-awareness can be the theory of complex coordinated intelligent responses that require a coordination of multiple "atomic" intelligent actions to achieve the best possible outcome for the intelligent system. In this approach, self-awareness can emerge naturally as an information model of the sensory environments that facilitates the production of effective responses via selection by the fitness to the environment, measured by the success of empirical trials. We consider different types and levels of self-awareness examined in studies and experiments and discuss how they can be connected with the organization and functions of the information model of the environment involved in the formation of intelligent responses. The information approach to self-awareness is used then to discuss possible directions of evolution of the information models in the natural and artificial intelligent systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to measure the level of self-awareness among university faculty members, considering various demographic variables such as gender, academic specializations, and experience. The research was conducted on a sample of faculty members from four universities in Jordan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE): two from Jordan and two from the UAE. A sample of 172 faculty members was selected using an appropriate non-probability sampling technique. The researchers invited the entire study sample to participate in the self-awareness scale (SAS), developed using a translated Arabic version. The study found that the level of self-awareness among the sample was moderately average, with a mean score of 3.54. Additionally, according to the survey, there were no discernible gender disparities in self-awareness among university faculty members. However, there were statistically significant differences among faculty members in the sub-dimensions of realistic caution and self-reflection based on the experience variable, favoring faculty members with 11 or more years of experience. Significant differences were also observed in realistic awareness and indifference to external cues among faculty members specializing in humanities and social sciences compared to those in other specializations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers play a pivotal role in the education systems of any nation. Their mental and psychological well-being is critical in achieving positive student educational outcomes. However, professional teacher burnout has been on the rise. Self-awareness is essential to helping individuals connect with their emotional state and how it affects their behavior and those they interact with. This study sought to assess the effect of self-awareness coaching on professional teacher burnout among teachers in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. Weiner's theory of attribution and Goleman's mixed model of emotional Intelligence informed this study (Goleman, 1995). Quasi experiment Solomon four design with a target population of 3469 teachers from 277 public secondary schools of all categories in the County was used. Krejci and Morgan's table was used to sample 346 teachers, while eight principals and 40 Heads of departments were purposefully selected for the study. Maslach Burnout Inventory and an interview guide were used to collect data for professional teacher burnout. A training manual was used to coach self-awareness. Validity was achieved through expert advice and piloting, while reliability was established through the split-half method. Paired t-tests and ANOVA were used for data analysis to get the effect size of coaching. The results indicated that self-awareness coaching had statistically significant positive effects on professional teacher burnout at t = 15.779 at df=78, >.001, The effect size (Cohen d = 0.958) was high; hence, emotional self-awareness coaching significantly reduced professional teacher burnout. The study recommended that the teacher employer (TSC) develop programs to equip teachers with self-awareness skills to curb professional burnout, thereby increasing their productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academic achievement is one of the most important variables in determining educational outcomes and success outside of school. This study is about the relationship between selfawareness as part of socio-emotional learning and its implications on students' academic achievement among O-level students in secondary schools in Kyabugimbi Sub County. Objectives: The study sought to examine the relationship between self-awareness and students' academic achievement among O-level students in secondary schools in Kyabugimbi Sub County. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used where data was collected at a single point in time. The study population comprised of 2,682 students in S1-S3 in six secondary schools in Kyabugimbi Sub County. The sample size comprised of 235 students. Data was collected using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire and analyzed by generating inferential statistics. Findings: The study findings show a strong positive significant relationship (r=0.681**; p<0.05) between self-awareness and students' academic achievement among O-level students in secondary schools. Conclusions and recommendations: The study concludes that selfawareness is one of the critical aspects for socio-emotional learning that play a significant role towards the students' academic achievement. The study recommends policymakers to prioritize selfawareness programs in schools, integrating self-awareness activities into the school curriculum, training teachers to help students develop self-awareness and educating parents on fostering the importance of self-awareness needs of their children at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, career adaptability has been a hot topic in the field of career psychology. It can facilitate new nurses' successful career transition, enhance career satisfaction, well-being, employment quality, job performance, and reduce the turnover rate of new nurses, and career adaptability can have a direct impact on the stability of the nursing workforce. Self-awareness has been shown to be associated with career adaptability; however, the mechanisms behind it are not fully understood. Based on career construction theory and empirical research, this study constructs a chain mediating model to test whether they play a mediating role in self-awareness and career adaptability among new nurses. In the oncology hospital, this study looked into how self-awareness affected new nurses' ability to remain resilient in their careers. The relationship between self-awareness and career adaptability is clarified using structural modelling equations and the mediation function of creative self-efficacy and graduate work readiness was assessed. A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was carried out between June 2022 and April 2023. A convenience sampling method was used to survey 767 new nurses from three oncology hospitals.The General Social Demographic Questionnaire, the Nurses' Self-Awareness Scale, the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, the Chinese version of the Graduate Nurses' Work Readiness Scale, and the Career Adaptation Scale were used.IBM-SPSS25.0 was used to analyze Pearson correlations among work readiness, self-awareness, creative self-efficacy, and career adaptability; MPLUS8 was used for the path analysis; AMOS26 was used to construct structural equation models and the Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating hypotheses. There was a significant positive correlation between the two variables of nurse self-awareness, creative self-efficacy, work readiness, and career adaptability (p <.001); the separate mediating effects of creative self-efficacy and work readiness (β = 0.096, p <.001), between self-awareness and career adaptability were significant (β = 0.094, p <.001), and a significant chain mediating effect of creative self-efficacy and work readiness between nurses' self-awareness and career adaptability (β = 0.127, p <.001). The sum of the indirect effects of these three mediated paths was (0.317) with an effect size of (83.2)%. Self-awareness affects new nurses' career adaptability not only independently through creative self-efficacy and work readiness, but also indirectly through a chain-mediated effect of creative self-efficacy and graduate work readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]