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Современные исследования в лингвистической науке сосредоточены на изучении как человека в языке, так и языка в человеке в русле антропоцентрического подхода. Новая парадигма дала импульс к исследованию языка и речи как результата мыслительной деятельности, выраженной теми или иными языковыми и неязыковыми средствами (знаки, жесты, мимика и др.). В связи с этим возрастает интерес к изучению способов вербализации, репрезентации окружающей действительности в языке для выявления индивидуальной картины мира языковой личности, определения его концептосферы с позиции когнитивной лингвистики, отражения и влияния на носителя языка культурных кодов с позиции лингвокультурологии, выявления авторского видения мира в тексте художественных произведений с позиции лингвистики текста и др. Данное исследование выполнено в русле нового направления лингвистической поэтики – когнитивной поэтики, в центре внимания которой находится поэтический текст как целостное образование. В качестве материала для анализа поэтического текста с позиции когнитивной поэтики привлекается стихотворение Н. Рубцова «Наступление ночи» с целью выявления его когнитивной модели. В связи со становлением когнитивной поэтики как нового направления, методология ее находится в процессе становления. В работе применяются достижения лингвистики в области изучения концептов, выявления их семантической структуры, учитываются методологические требования к когнитивному анализу текста. В работе используется комплекс научных методов и приемов, в том числе метод сплошной выборки, SEO анализ, метод лингвистического наблюдения, метод интерпретации, приемы моделирования, а также общенаучные методы. Анализ поэтического текста представлен в виде пошагового алгоритма: обоснование выбора поэтического текста, выявление концептуально значимой информации из заглавия поэтического текста, выделение его семантического ядра, определение когнитивной модели поэтического текста. Научная ценность предпринятого исследования заключается в расширении представления о принципах когнитивного анализа поэтического текста с целью его моделирования. Полученные результаты могут быть экстраполированы на выявление базовых моделей концептосферы отдельных поэтов в синхронии и диахронии. В этом практическая значимость исследования., Лингвистикалық ғылымдағы заманауи зерттеулер антропоцентрлік тәсілге сәйкес адамды тілмен байланыстырып зерттеуге бағытталған. Жаңа парадигма тіл мен сөйлеуді белгілі бір тілдік және тілдік емес құралдармен (белгілер, ым-ишаралар, мимика және т.б.) көрінетін психикалық белсенділіктің нәтижесі ретінде зерттеуге серпін берді. Осыған байланысты вербализация әдістерін зерттеуге, тілдік тұлға әлемінің жеке бейнесін анықтау үшін тілдегі қоршаған шындықты бейнелеуге, оның концептосферасын когнитивті лингвистика тұрғысынан анықтауға, лингвомәдениеттану тұрғысынан мәдени кодтардың ана тіліне шағылысуы мен әсер етуіне, көркем шығарма мәтініндегі автордың көзқарасын анықтауға қызығушылық артып келеді. мәтін лингвистикасы тұрғысынан және т.б. Бұл зерттеу лингвистикалық поэтиканың жаңа бағыты – танымдық поэтика бағытында жүзеге асырылды, оның басты бағыты поэтикалық мәтін тұтас білім ретінде. Танымдық поэтика тұрғысынан поэтикалық мәтінді талдау үшін материал ретінде Н.Рубцовтың «Түннің басталуы» өлеңі оның танымдық моделін анықтау үшін қолданылады. Танымдық поэтиканың жаңа бағыт ретінде қалыптасуына байланысты оның әдіснамасы қалыптасу процесінде. Жұмыста тұжырымдамаларды зерттеу, олардың семантикалық құрылымын анықтау саласындағы лингвистиканың жетістіктері қолданылады, мәтінді танымдық талдауға қойылатын әдіснамалық талаптар ескеріледі. Жұмысқа ғылыми әдістер мен тәсілдер кешені, соның ішінде жаппай іріктеу әдісі, SEO талдау, лингвистикалық байқау әдісі, түсіндіру әдісі, модельдеу әдістері, сондай-ақ жалпы ғылыми әдістер тартылды. Поэтикалық мәтінді талдау қадамдық алгоритм түрінде ұсынылған: поэтикалық мәтінді таңдауды негіздеу, поэтикалық мәтіннің тақырыбынан концептуалды маңызды ақпаратты анықтау, оның семантикалық өзегін бөлектеу, поэтикалық мәтіннің танымдық моделін анықтау. Жүргізілген зерттеудің мәні поэтикалық мәтінді модельдеу мақсатында танымдық талдау принциптері туралы идеяны кеңейту болып табылады. Алынған нәтижелерді синхрония мен диахрониядағы жеке ақындардың концептосферасының негізгі модельдерін анықтау үшін экстраполяциялауға болады., Modern research in linguistic science focuses on the study of both man in language and language in man in line with the anthropocentric approach. The new paradigm gave impetus to the study of language and speech as a result of mental activity expressed by various linguistic and non-linguistic means (signs, gestures, facial expressions, etc.). In this regard, there is an increasing interest in studying the methods of verbalization, representation of the surrounding reality in language to identify the individual picture of the world of a linguistic personality, determining its conceptual sphere from the position of cognitive linguistics, reflecting and influencing the native speaker of cultural codes from the position of linguoculturology, identifying the author's vision of the world in the text of works of art from the position of text linguistics, etc. This research is carried out in line with a new direction of linguistic poetics – cognitive poetics, which focuses on the poetic text as an integral education. N. Rubtsov's poem “The Coming of Night” is used as a material for analyzing a poetic text from the perspective of cognitive poetics in order to identify its cognitive model. In connection with the formation of cognitive poetics as a new direction, its methodology is in the process of formation. The work applies the achievements of linguistics in the field of studying concepts, identifying their semantic structure, taking into account methodological requirements for cognitive analysis of the text. The work involves a complex of scientific methods and techniques, including the continuous sampling method, SEO analysis, the method of linguistic observation, the method of interpretation, modeling techniques, as well as general scientific methods. The analysis of the poetic text is presented in the form of a step-by-step algorithm: justification of the choice of the poetic text, identification of conceptually significant information from the title of the poetic text, isolation of its semantic core, definition of the cognitive model of the poetic text. The value of the research undertaken is to expand the understanding of the principles of cognitive analysis of a poetic text in order to model it. The results obtained can be extrapolated to identify the basic models of the conceptual sphere of individual poets in synchrony and diachrony., Филологические науки, Выпуск 2 (69) 2023

Актуальность. По данным Росстата на 1 января 2021 г., 12,1 % населения Российской Федерации находится за чертой абсолютной бедности (т. е. имеют среднедушевой доход ниже утвержденного в стране прожиточного минимума). Использование относительного или субъективного подхода в оценке уровня бедности приведет нас еще к более удручающим данным. Целью исследования является изучение влияния средств массовой информации и новых медиа на формирование моделей выхода из ловушек бедности домохозяйств, попавших или находящихся в трудной ситуации. Методы: анализ материалов государственной статистики и результатов проведения анкетных опросов населения на региональном уровне (в Архангельской области), семантический и контент-анализ информационных материалов, анализ синонимов и ассоциаций, а также материалов, размещаемых в СМИ и новых медиа, с помощью информационно-аналитической системы «Медиалогия». Выводы заключаются в том, что средства массовой информации и новые медиа, несомненно, являются важным фактором влияния на преодоление феномена бедности в Российской Федерации. Результаты показывают, что для оказания целевой своевременной помощи малообеспеченным слоям населения параллельно с созданием прикладных механизмов социальной поддержки и экономического развития необходимо выстраивать эффективные каналы массовой коммуникации, основная цель которых помочь человеку, попавшему в сложную жизненную ситуацию, оперативно найти источник необходимой информации и воспользоваться ей для изменения своей ситуации. При этом информирование населения должно быть первостепенной задачей. Авторами были сформулированы подробные рекомендации органам государственной и муниципальной власти Архангельской области по количественной и качественной корректировке информационного пространства, которые могут быть использованы и в других регионах Российской Федерации. Relevance. According to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation 12,1 % of the population of Russia are below the absolute poverty line (they have an average per capita income below the subsistence minimum used in the country). Utilizing a relative or subjective approach in the assessment of the level of poverty will lead us to even more negative data. The purpose of this study is to define a role and influence of the mass media and new media on the formation of models for getting out of poverty traps of households that have fallen into or are in a situation of poverty. The research methods: the analysis of federal statistics, the results of surveys of the population at the regional level (in the Arkhangelsk region), semantic and content analysis of materials, analysis of synonyms and associations, as well as materials published in the media and new media using the information and analytical system «Medialogia». The findings of this study are that the mass media and new media are undoubtedly important factors of influence on overcoming the poverty phenomenon in the Russian Federation. The results of the study show that in order to provide targeted timely assistance to low-income segments of the population, in parallel with the creation of applied mechanisms of social support and economic development, it is necessary to build effective mass communication channels, the main purpose of which is to help a person who is in a difficult life situation to quickly find a source of the necessary information and use it to change his situation. At the same time, the population informing should be a priority aim. This study gives detailed recommendations to the regional and municipal authorities of the Arkhangelsk region on the quantitative and qualitative adjustment of the information space, which, in our opinion, can be used in other regions of the Russian Federation.

In the 21st century, digital finance is the leading industry in the global economy. With the development of cryptocurrencies and their possible implementation in the future world economy, it is advisable to study the issue related to the financial copywriting in digital finance, because it is financial copywriters who create and provide information to the world community. Since cryptocurrency is a kind of digital currency, we believe it is timely to research this issue, because the digital economy, first of all, is connected with search engines. Semantic technologies are the main sphere of search engines: with the help of these technologies, the necessary information can be searched. The requests sent are handled by search engines. All government as well as private financial institutions associated with cryptocurrencies have their own web page on the Internet. When web pages are indexed through search engines, it is based on keywords. These keywords are part of a semantic core that plays a significant role in content. We consider it necessary to analyze the activities of financial copywriters, as well as provide them with recommendations on creating content for search engines. This will make algorithms more effective, and search engines will be able to better index web pages. In turn, it will help copywriters to understand how to create financial content in the digital finance era. Unfortunately, this issue remains under-explored to date. In addition, the article examines modern innovative technology, which, in our opinion, can be used in the financial sphere. This will significantly improve the work of financial institutions, as well as will organize time management in many corporations.

Отношение аудитории к какому-либо событию можно оценить с помощью анализа лексики, которую представители данной аудитории используют, обсуждая интересующее нас событие. Оценочная коннотация придает дополнительный смысл описанию любого явления. При активном использовании социальных сетей, когда мнение одного человека (например, крупного инфлюенсера) оказывает влияние на группу людей, анализ коннотаций становится важным при определении настроения общества. Кроме этого, наличие в тезаурусе аудитории слов с маркетинговым потенциалом позволяет предполагать присутствие потребностей и может быть полезно для развития бизнеса.Данное исследование предлагает способ составления такого тезауруса применительно к любому событию путем формирования семантического ядра через экспертный опрос аудитории. В качестве примера события, которое внесло изменение в тезаурус общества, была взята пандемия коронавируса.Экспертный опрос трех разных возрастных групп позволил составить три семантических ядра из 10 слов в каждом, которые соответствуют наиболее частым в употреблении словам, связанным с коронавирусом. Данная лексика была проанализирована на предмет оценочных коннотаций и маркетингового потенциала. Было установлено, что примененный способ составления семантического ядра может быть эффективен за счет небольшой стоимости и возможности для быстрой обработки полученных по результатам исследования данных. Однако его репрезентативность ограничена, ввиду малого размера аудитории, доступной для проведения опроса такого типа., The attitude of an audience to an event can be assessed by analyzing the vocabulary that representatives of this audience use when discussing the event under study. Evaluative connotation provides additional meaning to the description of any phenomenon. With the active use of social networks, when the opinion of one person (for example, a major influencer) influences a group of people, the analysis of connotations becomes important in determining the mood of society. In addition, the presence of words with marketing potential in the thesaurus of the audience allows for assuming the presence of needs and can be useful for business development.This study suggests a way to compile such a thesaurus in relation to any event by forming a semantic core through an expert audience survey. The coronavirus pandemic was taken as an example of an event that changed the thesaurus of the society.An expert survey of three different age groups allowed the authors to compile three semantic cores of 10 words each, which correspond to the most frequently used words associated with coronavirus. This vocabulary was analyzed for evaluative connotations and marketing potential. It was found that the applied method of compiling the semantic core can be effective due to the low cost and the ability to quickly process the data obtained from the results of the study. However, its representativeness is limited due to the small size of the audience available for conducting this type of survey., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (119) 2022, Pages 91-95

The meaning of the word behaviour is very ancient and se- mantic valency of this word is very high. The ability to combine with other words especially with adjectives and adverbs classify this word to highly collocative words. In spite of the fact this word can't make up new words and is not very productive it can gain new meanings in different spheres of usage such as Economics, Biology and Phsycology. The cocept of this word is much wider than the meaning of this wors as there exist hundred od words which can express the meaning of the word "behaviour" or have similar semantic core. The realization of this concept can be various de- pending on the syntax constructions and context. The most interesting ex- pression of this concept can be noticed in proverbs and sayings as the reflexion of behaviour norms and rules of socialisation.

Cette contribution se propose d’examiner de plus près le morphème polyfonctionnel có en vietnamien contemporain. Elle cherche à montrer que la pluralité des facettes de ce morphème est régie par un noyau sémantico‑conceptuel commun. L’hypothèse défendue consiste à analyser có comme une prédication existentielle généralisée, comprise comme une relation de localisation concrète ou abstraite entre deux éléments : une entité située et un lieu situant. La forme de prédication avancée s’applique à différents types d’arguments et inclut aussi bien les entités et les individus que les événements, les propositions, les quantités et les degrés. The aim of this paper is to take under close scrutiny the polyfunctional unit có in contemporary Vietnamese. It will be shown that its multifaceted behavior is governed by a common semantic-conceptual core. The hypothesis defended here consists of treating có as instantiating a generalized existential predication, which can be understood as a (abstract or concrete) localization relationship between two elements: a located entity and a location. It is argued that this form of predication can take as arguments not only entities and individuals, but also events, propositions, quantities and degrees.

Статья посвящена теме отчуждения в современной французской литературе на примере произведений трех современных писателей и построению вокруг нее тематической сетки. В работе освещаются основные принципы отбора лексических единиц в ядро и периферию семантического поля в зависимости от частотности употребления, семантических связей и других факторов., The article tackles the theme of exclusion in the modern French literature considering works of three contemporary writers and building a thematic grid, around this theme. The article highlights the major principles of selecting lexical units into the core and the periphery of a semantic field, depending on the frequency of use, semantic links and other factors., №4(36) (2020)

В статье рассмотрены особенности формирования семантического ядра контекстного продвижения малых предприятий социально значимой сферы на примере детской футбольной школы, выделены основные способы формирования семантического ядра, представлен алгоритм разработки семантического ядра для контекстного продвижения на примере детской футбольной школы «Чемпион»., The article considers the features of forming the semantic core of contextual promotion of small businesses in a socially significant sphere on the example of a children's football school, highlights the main ways of forming the semantic core, and presents an algorithm for developing the semantic core for contextual promotion on the example of a children's football school «Champion»., Экономический вестник ИПУ РАН, Выпуск 2 (2) 2020, Pages 96-102

Сучасна ера забезпечила нам доступ до майже безмежної мережі знань. В будь-який час в будь-якому місці у мережі Інтернет ми можемо знайти відповіді на питання які нас цікавлять. Більша частина для цього скористується пошуком в мережі Google. Для того щоб збільшити ймовірність бути поміченим на сторінці пошукових результатів треба зайняти на ній топові позиції. Розробка певного алгоритму дій «Як потрапити до бажаної позиції в пошуку» і є основною метою роботи над оптимізацією позицій в пошуку або SЕО. Метою даної роботи є аналіз основних положень SЕО системи як ефективного інструменту digital маркетингу, аналіз елементів SЕО системи та комплексу SЕО на прикладі веб-сайту Конгрес центру СумДУ.

В статье рассматриваются особенности лексической и текстовой репрезентации концепта путь в повести писателя русского зарубежья И. С. Шмелёва. Определена структура анализируемого концепта, охарактеризованы ядро, приядерная и периферийная зоны. Обнаружены семантические связи концепта путь со смысловыми компонентами других ключевых концептов русской языковой картины мира, таких, как грех и святость, The article examines the features of the lexical and textual representation of the concept way in the story of the writer of the Russian abroad I.S. Shmelev. The structure of the analyzed concept has been determined, the nucleus, nucleus and peripheral zones have been identified. Semantic connections of the concept way with the semantic components of other key concepts of the Russian linguistic picture of the world, such as sin and holiness, are revealed.

The proposed article is devoted to the study of basic tools for analyzing the popularity and effectiveness of a business project in the market in the field of media entrepreneurship. The most common and used tools are listed.

Background: Derivation is an important factor of the lexicon development of every language and Ukrainian in particular. The lexicological aspect of this phenomenon, however, has not been researched in proper manner yet.Purpose: The goal of the article is to enhance the learners’ understanding of the value and opportunities of semantic derivation as a significant factor of the lexicon development of the Ukrainian language in a certain time period as well as to rationalize the employment of a lexicographic approach to the analysis of lexical depository development of the language in diachrony.Discussion: Changes in a language lexicon in different historical periods may differ by quantity of exposed new units, areas of their functioning and further development in the structure of a language. Such changes may reveal themselves in acquiring new meanings by native and borrowed lexemes as a result of metonymic transformations, phrase or set phrase coinage, generalization or particularization of meaning, connotation development, ranking of semantic units. It’s important to understand that lexicon which had existed before new words appeared also changes in the process of the development of new nominative units. Although lexicographical sources do not always reflect new semantic shades of a word, it’s impossible to define this lexicon as unchangeable, since relations between lexemes change. Therefore, semantic evolution is frequently hidden behind formally unchanged lexemes, У статті проведено аналіз лексики українських писемних пам’яток різних часових зрізів, XVI–XVII ст. зокрема, який сприятиме розвитку фахової компетентності студентів. Розбудова лексикону відбувається різними шляхами; їх характеристики не відповідають загальним моделям, оскільки навіть у межах окресленого напряму не враховуються прояви різноманітних факторів появи нових слів. На жаль, ці характеристики у навчальному процесі не засвоюються студентами у повній мірі. Тому авторка доводить важливість пізнання динаміки лексикону мови визначеного часового проміжку, а відтак і усвідомлення цього процесу студентами. У статті визначено дидактичні цілі опанування динаміки української лексики в діахронії, розширення емпіричної бази університетського навчання філологів, залучення такого нового матеріалу, який не був використаний попередніми дослідниками.

Объект исследования – статья А. П. Сумарокова «Истолкование личных местоимений, я, ты, он, мы, вы, они». Цель исследования – доказать, что данное эссе является конструктом единого метатекста апрельского номера. Формула «естество простоты» становится авторским критерием оценки и литературного произведения, и языка в целом. Предложенное исследование рассматривает местоимения как знак-маркер личности и эпохи., The object of the study is Sumarokov’s article “Interpretation of personal pronouns, me, you, him, us, you, them”. The purpose of the study is to prove that this essay is a construction of a single meta-text of the April issue. The formula “the nature of simplicity” becomes the author’s criterion for evaluating both the literary work and the language as a whole. The proposed study considers pronouns as markers of personality and age. The proposed interpretation of Sumarokov’s article goes beyond grammar and is considered within 2 contexts: pronouns as markers of personality and epoch. The research proves that the first, personal context was influenced by the long-term conceptual enmity between Sumarokov and Lomonosov. The analyzed article was Sumarokov’s reaction to Lomonosov’s “Russian grammar”. The second, public context correlates with another article of the April issue – “The Experience of the German dictionary” by G.-V. Rabener (translated by A. A. Nartov), namely the passage “Compliment”. The use of the pronoun “You” instead of “you”, according to Sumarokov, does not meet “his nature”, but meets the principle of hierarchy of class society and the practice of subordination.

Although many linguists wrote about a psychic nature of the sign, in contemporary studies various schemes and descriptions of communicative processes continue virtually without human consciousness participation. However, the sign emerges, lives and dies on the quiet of individual consciousness beyond the immediate material connection with word forms, let alone the subject that it substitutes. Its life is short – it flashes for that short moment when thoughts about the object and the selected word form intersect and merge in the focus of active consciousness. The sign is an act and a unit of consciousness and does not leave the limits of consciousness.

Philosophers of language as well as cognitive linguists take language factor into account to a greater extent, treating language as a means of the cognition and interpretation of the surrounding reality. By this article we confirm the thesis that a thinking process is to the great extend connected with the processes of generalizations passing through the specific to the general and from the g eneral through the specific to the singular. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of Academic World Research and Education Center.

Carrying out the research task related to the study of semantic layers of different levels, ideal object revealing regardless of material substances, definition of the most significant, essential, and general semantic and mental properties, qualities and mechanisms of consciousness and basing on the invariant theory we introduced the concept of lexical invariant . It is interpreted by us as an aggregate of the most significant universal semantic components which are intuitively defined in the course of phenomenological reduction and are unchanged in the stream of meanings variation composing the semantic formula of a word or phrase.

The article discusses the essential characteristics of the components of the concept of modern educational system of higher technical educational institutions.We believe that the important role in organization of pedagogical system of the modern higher technical educational establishment belongs to qualitatively new approaches: humanistic and ideological, andragogical, facilitating, personal, cultural, diversificational, cordocentrism, systematic and activity approach, interactive.The concept of pedagogical system will be effective, if the main fundamentals of the Concept are included into the plans of pedagogical work of the higher educational establishments and their structural subdivisions; if the organizational and methodological facilities and studying and generalizing of the experience in organization of the pedagogical activities in the other higher educational establishments are prepared; if the scientific and methodological conferences, seminars, round-table discussion meetings, trainings and so on are organized and held; if we promote active exchange of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the pedagogical system, of new approaches, forms and methods of the pedagogical activities; if we consider the questions of the Concept implementation at the meetings of the pedagogical work councils, educational and methodological commissions and the like.The offered authors Concept of the pedagogical system of the higher technical educational establishment should help the educators modulate the pedagogical process, involve various institutions and the society to the active participation in the educational and pedagogical process., У статті розглянуто сутнісні характеристики компонентів концепції виховної системи сучасного вищого технічного навчального закладу. Розкрито загальні положення концепції, підходи до її створення, межі застосування; специфіку суб’єктів виховного процесу; умови ефективного функціонування та розвитку виховної системи; уточнено понятійно-категоріальний апарат, теоретико-методологічні основи, смислове ядро виховної системи Національної металургійної академії України

The article deals with the concept of entrepreneurship from the point of view of different scientists, as well as the importance of marketing in social entrepreneurship, and in particular social media marketing (SMM) as an effective instrument for the promotion of social business ideas. Also it considers the trends of realization of social projects in various scopes of activity. The most popular are the following areas of business: pre-school education of children; employment support to people being in a difficult life situation; improving the quality and availability of medical services and improving the quality of life of people from socially vulnerable categories of the population. During the development of this topic the main advantages and disadvantages of SMM have been formulated. The stages of construction of the system of promoting a social business project within the framework of SMM are also considered: defining the target segment of consumers within the social media community; compiling the "semantic core" of social group; constructing a mental (intellectual) interaction map within the community in a social network; drawing and realizing a content plan for the efficiency of interaction with customers within a social network; carrying out a statistical analysis of the community; introducing interactive forms of communication with the users for maintaining the communicative constituent of the promotion; monitoring and continuous improving communication within the social network.

In the process of information transmission (concept verbalization) we deal mostly with the substance (contents), and then pay attention to the form. Recalling events from the remote past, often we cannot exactly reproduce specific heard or pronounced words, as well as the syntactic structures. We remember events, feelings, images; we recall the general contents of the discourse. The thought gets a specific language form only during the concept verbalization phase. With minimum time for pondering, depending on the language competence level, the grammar and syntactic shaping often occurs automatically with the use of famous models and stereotypes. This means that the language form adapts itself to the consciousness, and not vice versa., {"references":["Saussure F. de. Course of General Linguistics.  Мoscow: Logos, 1998.","Richards I. A. The Philosophy of Retoric. London: Oxford University Press, 1936.  294 p.","Pesina S.A.. The invariant of an ambiguous word in the light of prototypical semantics // Orenburg State University Herald Appendix \"Humanities Studies\". – 2005. – № 2. – P. 57–63.","Pesina S.A.. Linguistic map of the world in a philosophical and linguistic understanding// News of RGPU in the name of A. I. Gertsena. General and humanities studies : scientific journal. – 2005. – № 5 (10). – P. 358–362.","Lebedev M.V. Stability of Linguistic Meaning / Мoscow : Editorial URSS, 1998.","Boikova I.B., The structure and functional possibilities of language / Mezhdunar. shkoly-seminara po kognitivnoi lingvistike. – Tambov: TGU, 2002. P. 19 – 28.","Grechko V.A. Theory of Linguistics /Course book. – Moscow : Vysshaya shk., 2003.","Humboldt W. Selected works on linguistics / Moscow : Progress, 2001.","Pesina, S.A. Language as a subject of inquiry of phemenologists and cognitive scientists / St. Petersburg: Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 2010. P. 209-211.\n[10]\tPesina, S.A. Phenomenological reduction and semantic core of meaning /Voronezh State University. Philosophy series 2010. No. 2 (4). - P. 151 – 160.\n[11]\tPesina S.A.. Polysemy in cognitive aspect : monograph // St. Petersburg: Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, SPb., 2005.\n[12]\tPesina S.A.. Methods of determining the semantic core of the multivalued noun in modern English /// St. Petersburg: Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 2005. Vol. 5 (11). – P. 51–59.\n[13]\tPesina S.A.. From the invariant of an ambiguous word to the lexical prototype// Questions of cognitive linguistics. – Tambov: Publisher TGU, 2006. №2. – P. 53-61.\n[14]\tPesina S.A.. Differentiation of speech and language in the light of the prototypical semantics // Tomsk State University, 2006. – № 291. – P. 177–182.\n[15]\tPesina S.A.. Prototypical approach to understanding the structure of the dictionary // Problems of history, philology, culture: – Moscow Magnitogorsk-Novosibirsk: MaGU, 2009. № 2(24). – P. 570-575.\n[16]\tHeidegger M. Was ist Denken? / М. Heidegger. – Tubingen : Pfullingen, 1961.\n[17]\tHeidegger M. Was ist Denken? / М. Heidegger. – Tubingen : Pfullingen, 1961.\n[18]\tPavilenis R. Of Sense and Identity / Problems of Philisophy. – 2006. – № 7. – P. 67–74.\n[19]\tPavilenis R. Speech understandind and philosophy of language // New in Foreign Linguistics. – 1986. – №. 17. – P. 380–388."]}

Gender is one of classes Croatian nouns are obligatory assigned to, as is declension type. Croatian nouns are marked for one of the three gender subcategories, i.e. three classes of nouns which can be distinguished syntactically by the agreement they take (Corbett 1991), although the picture is more complicated than that, especially when extralinguistic category of sex is included (which affects agreement on syntactic level): some nouns are hybrid, some heterogeneous, some have double gender, common gender etc. (cf. Tafra 2001, 2007, Pišković 2011, Marković 2012). The declension type (a, e, i) is in principle independent of gender, as is the ending of the citation form. However, uneven distribution of inflectional paradigms between nouns with different gender, distribution of phonological ending of the citation form (e.g. closed or open syllable), as well as the type of a final suffix, may suggest their interdependence at some level. This paper intends to find possible connections by analyzing the third gender class whose behavior is far more predictable starting from any of the above mentioned properties: the citation forms of neuter nouns mostly end with -o or -e, only sometimes with -a, and they belong to a-declension (where NAV Cases share same phonological shape in each number, the rest they share with masculine nouns, except for animacy in Asg). Masculine and feminine nouns make 80-92% of all nouns in data researched so far, both for tokens or lemmas counted (in spoken or written language, adult or child language, e.g. Jelaska, Kovačević 2001, Jelaska, Kovačević, Anđel 2002, Fuček 2005, Cvikić, Jelaska 2007), neuter nouns make significantly smaller proportion of 8-20%. Major gender types exibit morphologically and phonologically much more complex picture, neuter nouns are the simplest with regard to the relationship between the form and the declension types. The other two gender classes consist of many underived as well as derived nouns, neuter category consists of comparably small set of underived nouns that are categorized around semantic prototypes and much bigger and open group of derived nouns with suffixes that share semantics of underived prototypes. While it does not seem to be true that Croatian is basically semantically empty as European gender in general (as e.g. Allan 1977 says), the question is if there is semantic motivation of assignment to classes beyond connection between the sex of animates gender classification has limited or not. In order to test the hypothesis that derived nouns share properties of prototypical underived members of the category neuter nouns, this paper explores semantics of Croatian neuter nouns in two sources of data (both excluding proper nouns). One source are the most frequent six thousand Croatian words according to the only Croatian published frequency list (Moguš, Bratanić, Tadić 1999), based on one million tokens, as up to this vocabulary size word frequency may play an important role in vocabulary development. There are 17% neuter noun lemmas out of 2794 nouns of all genders. The other source of data are neuter nouns found in more than six hundred thousand tokens (Vojnović 1991) of one Croatian translation of the Bible. In the analyzed Croatian Bible (618 716 tokens) neutral tokens make 16% of all noun tokens, while neuter lemmas make 20 % of all nouns (4904 lemmas). Although those two sources of data are of a different size and origin, and the second data consists of some nouns that are culture specific, they share many neuter nouns. The semantics of the most common derived neuter nouns will be analyzed and compared, especially with connection to their suffixes, such as -lo for objects or -ište for places, in order to find the semantic core and offer some explanation as to marginal extensions.

The article discusses the essential characteristics of the components of the concept of modern educational system of higher technical educational institutions.We believe that the important role in organization of pedagogical system of the modern higher technical educational establishment belongs to qualitatively new approaches: humanistic and ideological, andragogical, facilitating, personal, cultural, diversificational, cordocentrism, systematic and activity approach, interactive.The concept of pedagogical system will be effective, if the main fundamentals of the Concept are included into the plans of pedagogical work of the higher educational establishments and their structural subdivisions; if the organizational and methodological facilities and studying and generalizing of the experience in organization of the pedagogical activities in the other higher educational establishments are prepared; if the scientific and methodological conferences, seminars, round-table discussion meetings, trainings and so on are organized and held; if we promote active exchange of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the pedagogical system, of new approaches, forms and methods of the pedagogical activities; if we consider the questions of the Concept implementation at the meetings of the pedagogical work councils, educational and methodological commissions and the like.The offered authors Concept of the pedagogical system of the higher technical educational establishment should help the educators modulate the pedagogical process, involve various institutions and the society to the active participation in the educational and pedagogical process.

In this article lexical eidos has been introduced and interpreted in terms of linguistics as an invariant associative notional complex assigned to a word in the consciousness of communicants, which is based not only on the word semantic structure, grammatical formation, word-formative structure, motivational connections. Cognitive linguistics has always taken interest in such language system universal units revealing. Lexical eidos includes the programme for all particular meanings of a word, each variant has subtle reference to a model which manages the process of transferred meanings semiosis.