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Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el apego al lugar, la identidad al lugar y el sentido de comunidad con la edad, representada por los rangos, de las personas que viven en barrios con riesgo de desastres naturales en la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo de alcance correlacionalexploratorio, con la participación de 862 sujetos de las 13 comunas de la ciudad de Ibagué, con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 89 años. Los resultados sugieren que existe una relación positiva entre las variables de apego al lugar, identidad al lugar y sentido de comunidad con la edad de sus habitantes. Además, se pudo establecer que las personas entre 40 y 59 años presentan mejores niveles de apego al lugar, identidad al lugar y sentido de comunidad que las personas en los otros rangos de edad.

This study analyzes through a qualitative study of 4 focus groups (n=13) the meanings and effects of volunteering reported by volunteers of the Lima 2019 Pan American and Parapan American Games and the Special Legacy Project. On a personal level, positive emotions are reported, linked to the awareness of having been part of historic events, as well as experiences of personal and interpersonal growth. From the social point of view, favorable effects are reported for the construction of a sense of community, civic awareness and national pride. In the institutional framework, organizational and management aspects are identified that favor favorable conditions for the development of volunteer experiences that generate positive effects both personally and socially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El concepto de comunidad tiene una connotación distinta en los múltiples campos disciplinares. En este sentido, puede referirse a un sistema de relaciones psicosociales, a un grupo de personas con cierto nivel de interacción, a personas compartiendo un espacio geográfico o a quienes comparten el uso de una lengua según determinados patrones o hábitos culturales (Causse, 2009). Considerando a la comunidad como la base fundamental de la convivencia, el sentido de comunidad, según el modelo propuesto por McMillan y Chavis (1986), asume que tal constructo implica el sentido de pertenencia de las personas hacia su comunidad, el grado de influencia en la toma de decisiones colectivas, idiosincrasia cultural común y lazos afectivos sólidos entre quienes forman parte de ella. Chiapas, un estado del sur de México, se distingue por su riqueza socio-cultural y natural; sin embargo, también presenta altos niveles de rezago, desigualdad y pobreza. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo valorar el sentido de comunidad en cinco localidades rurales de Chiapas con el propósito de medir este constructo en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social. Para ello se aplicó la Escala de Sentido de Comunidad propuesta por Sánchez-Vidal (2009) a una muestra no probabilística de 238 habitantes de cinco comunidades de Chiapas. Los resultados muestran puntajes más bajos para la escala en la localidad de San Rafael, en el municipio de Ocozocoautla y La Florida, municipio de Jiquipilas. Los resultados se discuten en el marco de las condiciones socioculturales que prevalecen en las comunidades y de la configuración demográfica de las mismas.

The psychometric properties of the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) are analyzed in Colombians residing in Barranquilla, northern Colombia, taking into account the socioeconomic strata categorization of neighborhoodsin the city. We examine whether or not the four-factor theoretical model holds in this context and whether the socioeconomic strata variable of the neighborhoods affects their score. We surveyed 858 people: 491 women, 367 men, aged 18-82 years (M =31.2 years, SD= 14.6). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure and equality of BSCS parameters between groups of neighborhoods with high and low socioeconomic categorization. It was found that, of three models in comparison, the second-order one-factor model explaining the four dimensions of Sense of Community (SC) provided the best fit to the data and is most responsive to the McMillan and Chavis (1986) model. The internal reliability measures were ω of 0.92 and α of 0.91. A correction rule calculated for the polychoric correlation matrix is proposed, where higher scores indicate higher SC. It ends up identifying that the SC is much higher in high and middle socioeconomic strata neighborhoods with respect to low strata neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between personal networks dynamics and individuals’ sense of community in four neighborhoods of Seville (Spain). As urbanization reshapes societies, understanding what fosters or hinders a sense of community is crucial. Using empirical analysis and theoretical frameworks, the research uncovers factors shaping perceptions, attitudes, and experiences within communities. By analyzing how social network metrics and sense of community indicators interact, the study explores how social interactions and network structures influence feelings of belongingness. Focused on four distinct Seville neighborhoods, the research employs ANOVA and regression analysis to rigorously examine connections between social networks and community perceptions. Findings reveal nuanced associations between social network metrics and community indicators in each neighborhood, deepening insights into communal dynamics. Ultimately, this study enhances our understanding of how social networks and community perception intersect. By investigating various neighborhoods, it provides both generalizable insights and a nuanced understanding of factors driving communal bonds. The research informs community development strategies and contributes to a broader comprehension of changing communities in a rapidly urbanizing world. Through its exploration, the study underscores the significance of nurturing community bonds within neighborhoods, weaving the social fabric that holds societies together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the psychological sense of community in neighborhoods have delved into the subjective experience of residents, identifying some predictive factors related to the time invested in the community and the activities carried out by residents. However, it is necessary to conceive neighborhoods as open environments that interact with the urban space that surrounds them. Furthermore, it is advisable to combine the study of subjective reactions and feelings of belonging with the social interaction that takes place in urban contexts. This article reflects on the advantages of adopting a multiple ecological levels of analysis approach, considering multiple reference communities simultaneously, and examining the role of neighboring neighborhoods in urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this critical review we comment on two books that examine the conditions that promote community vitality in urban contexts: Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs, and The Great Good Place by Ray Oldenburg. Based on urban planning experiences, community life is more likely to flourish in small-block neighborhoods, with high population density and a mix of old and new buildings. In addition, those places that facilitate accidental meetings between neighbors normally act as catalysts for integration and a sense of belonging in the community. To illustrate it, with the case of a particularly active avenue in the city of Seville, we show the confluence of social factors and urban design in achieving high levels of community vitality. The case highlights the community value of small businesses and behavior settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sense of Community is an important construct in people's lives, since feeling part of a group is, without a doubt, one of the basic purposes of society: it's how people come together, coexist, learn, and shape themselves through the exercise and achievement of common goals. In this sense, if members of a community fully enjoy harmonic dynamization in their relationships, it may be possible to achieve a state of well-being. Along these lines, the school (a community) is considered an important space in teenagers' lives. During the compulsory confinement stage, the SC may have contributed to students adapting to the new normal. The investigation's goal was to know if, given the new circumstances that the school has had to face, a sense of community remained among the students at a private high school in Lima, understanding that its development can contribute to adaptability and, therefore, to the welfare of the students. The instrument "Scale of Sense of Community in the School (SoCS)" was used. It gathered the perceptions of 371 students from 1st to 5th grade of secondary school, between the ages of 12 and 17, who have been interacting through the Internet since March 2020 to carry out their academic and social activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging in place enables seniors to live at home and in their familiar neighborhoods as long as their health conditions allow. To date, few efforts have been made to examine the linkage between the physical and social aspects of the neighborhood environment, the activity-travel patterns, and their overall effects on life satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the existing literature by examining the relationship between older people's person–environment fit, activity-travel patterns, sense of community, and life satisfaction. Seemingly unrelated regression was applied to analyze questionnaire survey data collected from six community centers for older people in Hong Kong. Using the geographical perspective, the sense of community is further divided into the people and place aspects, with the latter found to have a greater effect on overall life satisfaction. Subjective walkability both directly and indirectly influences life satisfaction. Satisfaction with public transport facilities, health care facilities, and greenery, parks, and promenades indirectly influences older people's life satisfaction through their sense of community. The percentage of out-of-home activity time spent in the common neighborhood has a strong positive relationship with the sense of community. The findings highlight the importance of high-quality pedestrian infrastructure and public transport facilities in planning for aging in place. After identifying the common neighborhoods, local governments can listen to older people's needs and make improvements on the infrastructure, services, and facilities in common neighborhoods, as well as the connectivity to these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar la relación entre las atribuciones causales de la pobreza con la participación y el sentido de comunidad. Previamente se tuvieron en cuenta la influencia de variables sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas en este tipo de atribuciones, encontrándose algunos efectos según sexo, edad y nivel educativo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 720 participantes y los resultados indican que las explicaciones de la pobreza de tipo cultural tienen un efecto directo sobre el sentido de comunidad. Sin embargo, los datos sugieren que la relación entre atribuciones de pobreza (de tipo estructural) y el sentido de comunidad está mediada por la participación comunitaria y tiene efectos en el desarrollo comunitario. Esta aportación resulta relevante para el diseño de programas de sensibilización, intervención y cooperación en países en vías de desarrollo.

El Estado colombiano creó el Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral (PAPSIVI) en busca de la reparación integral de las víctimas del conflicto armado. Para la implementación y efectividad del programa existen unos procesos psicosociales y comunitarios claves, tales como: empoderamiento psicológico, sentido de pertenencia en la comunidad y clima organizacional. La importancia de poner en práctica estos procesos radica en brindarles una atención de calidad a las víctimas. Por lo anterior, en este trabajo se buscó evaluar y comparar los procesos psicosociales percibidos entre los implementadores del PAPSIVI en los departamentos de Córdoba y Bolívar, entre los años 2013 hasta el año 2018, con el fin de emprender acciones de mejora en la implementación del programa. Se utilizó el método del estudio de caso múltiple de corte cuantitativo, con la participación de 34 profesionales (psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y promotores sociales) que implementaron el programa en Bolívar y 50 en Córdoba. Los resultados señalan que no hay diferencias significativas en los procesos psicosociales de Bolívar y Córdoba, ya que los implementadores del PAPSIVI en los dos departamentos le asignaron valores muy similares a las variables evaluadas (factores que repercuten en la efectividad del programa, empoderamiento psicológico, sentido de comunidad y clima organizacional). Esto puede deberse a: las características culturales que comparten ambos departamentos, la similitud en la implementación del programa, las metas y objetivos propuestos en cuanto a la atención psicosocial, las modalidades, los tiempos de ejecución y a los lineamentos propuestos.

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El presente estudio se constituye como una investigación cualitativa sobre la eficacia en las organizaciones educativas y ha tenido por objetivo principal describir los factores organizacionales de mayor relevancia para denominar como eficaz a una organización educativa de Carabayllo, Lima (Perú), en tiempos de pandemia. Para la realización se tomaron cuatro categorías de análisis: liderazgo educativo, aprendizaje organizativo, sentido de comunidad y altas expectativas, las cuales sirvieron para el esbozo de una entrevista semiestructurada como método de recogida de información. Esta última consta de 12 preguntas organizadas en función de las cuatro categorías mencionadas antes. La muestra se compone de cuatro participantes: tres de estos desempeñan la función coordinadores y docentes de la institución, mientras que una desempeña, además de las anteriores funciones, el rol de directora. En la selección de estos individuos se buscó obtener una visión sobre los lineamientos y prácticas de la institución educativa desde el punto de vista organizacional. A partir de la recopilación de información y de su análisis, se concluye que las cuatro categorías seleccionadas se configuran como los pilares de la eficacia en una organización educativa en tiempos de pandemia.

El sentido de comunidad constituye un fenómeno fundamental al momento de analizar las realidades comunitarias; de allí que su abordaje desde una perspectiva intergeneracional permita el reconocimiento de diferencias y confluencias subjetivas en los participantes, pese a compartir los mismos espacios geográficos. Reconocer las diferencias intergeneracionales entre adultos mayores y niños de la comunidad de Cujacal Centro f rente al sentido de comunidad. Se propuso un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque histórico hermenéutico y perspectiva fenomenológica. Se aplican grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad. Participantes, niños y adultos mayores. Resultados: Se presentan diferencias y puntos de confluencia. Las diferencias más destacadas se ubican en torno a la conexión emocional compartida, la integración, satisfacción de necesidades y la membresía, mientras que hay confluencias en la percepción de influencia. Se reconocen diferencias intergeneracionales que dan cuenta que el espacio geográfico compartido no determina la misma percepción del sentido de comunidad, de igual manera, se identifica que tanto niños como adultos mayores, no tienen un fortalecido sentido de comunidad, como tampoco comparten escenarios de interacción que les permita su integración

Como consecuencia del desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación el aumento de la velocidad de conexión de los inmigrantes internacionales con sus países de origen y destino ha supuesto un hito de notables dimensiones. Esta investigación analiza cómo las redes de apoyo online y offline influyen en la percepción de apoyo social, sentido de comunidad y satisfacción vital de los inmigrantes. La metodología utilizada es de corte cuantitativo, con una muestra representativa de 1563 inmigrantes residentes en Málaga (España). Los resultados evidencian el beneficio que supone para los inmigrantes disponer de una red de apoyo amplia y heterogénea, posicionándose como un elemento de gran valor para la percepción de apoyo social, sentido de comunidad y satisfacción vital. Los hallazgos defienden la funcionalidad de la comunicación mediada por la tecnología durante la aculturación y la necesidad de ayudar a los inmigrantes a construir sus propias redes sociales.

The accelerated growth of cities in Latin America has allowed the development of social phenomena such as the conurbation, where the new dynamics affect the mental health of the inhabitants. In this way, the objective is to analyze the implications of the conurbation in the sense of community and social support. The research was developed through qualitative methodology and was also based on the hermeneutical historical approach and the microethnography type of study. Participant observation, focus group and talking map techniques were applied. The results show that there is an affectation in the components, expressed in the loss of values and identity, difficulties in social relationships, public health problems and support networks, allowing an in-depth analysis of the psychosocial transformations that the inhabitants of the community have experienced, as a result of urban growth and the importance of psychosocial factors as determinants of community mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of natural disasters affect the mental health of communities at a personal and collective level. For this reason, we investigated the relationship between the psychological well-being and sense of community of people in an area of high vulnerability to natural disasters in eastern Lima - Peru, where landslides and stones called "Huaicos" occur. 55 adult participated, of which 56.4% were women and 43.7% were men. The Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire and the Sense of Community Index (SCI2) adapted for populations in vulnerable conditions. It was found that people with higher education have greater psychological well-being than people with only school education. In case of a sense of community, age is directly proportional related (r = .30, p <.05). In general, we can affirm that there are different mediating variables for personal and community analysis between psychological well-being with a sense of community such as age and education. Therefore, the sociodemographic elements in this context are essential to understand community dynamics in disaster situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construct sense of community has acquired great relevance in urban studies due to its connection with an improvement of quality of life, collective efficacy, and residential satisfaction. This study sought to evaluate the stability of the construct sense of community in a Latin American context based on the MTSOCS scale (Prezza et al., 2009). It also sought to identify potential associations between the variables measured by the scale, and the geographical distribution. A cross-sectional exploratory study was carried out with a sample of 394 residents (M Age = 43.6, SD Age = 16.1) of the canton Flores, in Costa Rica. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire, with a door-to-door procedure. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided evidence of validity of the MTSOCS scale. Also, the results of maps with the geographical distribution of the data showed the presence of patterns associated with physical-spatial characteristics of the territory. The above confirms the association of urban attributes with the sense of community of the population, and the importance of combining the scale with geographic information systems, to improve the understanding of the construct and its application in urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research was carried out in the neighborhood of La Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain, and it is proposed to establish the relationship and the mutual influence established between the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the sense of community (SC). This neighborhood was selected because there is a high level of sense of community and there is a high level of access to ICT. The research has followed grounded theory. SC refers as that feeling of belonging, security, and interdependence, mutual trust and commitment to satisfy the needs among the members of a community. The results obtained indicate that ICT generate and reinforce collective processes and psychosocial processes, deepen the identity of the neighborhood through virtual situations and that people meet and share through technological tools, deepening the local culture, the sense of belonging and deepening cohesion social by processes of mutual trust and social capital. It is proposed that in this neighborhood there is a hybrid community exposing its identity processes rooted in its neighborhood ties and that there is a psychopolitical commitment to the community. These processes will be highly mediated in a mutual process by ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study analyzes the speech of people from marginal urban areas of Lima for the meanings and their assessment of organizational processes and participation in their localities. Twenty two in-depth interviews were conducted in 3 settlements in the southern cone of Lima. The results show that family and community networks are valued as resources that can face the challenges of living in an environment perceived as precarious. The organization and community participation are important strategies to overcome their difficulties. Interviewees identify a number of weaknesses in the strategies, like the lack of recent positive experiences and the wear from over-use of these local resources to answer collective problems.

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The authors report the development and robust evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Sense of Community Descriptors Scale, which, as one of the few scales that measures the psychological sense of community regardless of context, can be utilized in all kinds of communities for assessing community intervention effectiveness. The Sense of Community Descriptors Scale uses a semi-projective method in the form of a semantic differential. Contrary to the majority of sense of community measures stemming from the theory of McMillan and Chavis, the Sense of Community Descriptors Scale is based on Peck's theory. It measures the sense of community in a real and ideal community. The degree of differences between them is then used to determine the level of satisfaction. The reliability of the scale was high, and its convergent validity was supported by the correlation of the Perceived Sense of Community Scale and the Brief Sense of Community Scale. Factor analysis showed three dimensions (Acceptance, Dynamics, and Openness). The Sense of Community Descriptors Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the level of psychological sense of community beyond the specific context of such community and in various multilayer communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study analyses the relationship among sense of community, fatalism and participation in the context of the current socio-economic crisis. In order to do this, it establishes differences in these variables according to certain socio-economic factors: having a job, perceived social class and monthly income. A distinction is made between two types of participation: community participation; and socio-political participation. Based on a sample of 759 people, the results revealed an average level of sense of community, a medium-low level of fatalism and low levels of both types of participation. Significant correlations between the variables were obtained: the two dimensions of participation are positively correlated with sense of community and negatively correlated with fatalism. Regression analysis showed that sense of community and fatalism are predictors for participatory behaviour. Thus, the feeling of belonging to a community fuels participation in it, either through community behaviour or through behaviour that seeks a social change. However, the belief that the future is already written inhibits both types of participation. Perception of socioeconomic status also has influence in this fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El sentido de comunidad es un concepto que cuenta con evidencia teórica y empírica para ser vinculado a la percepción de inseguridad en los barrios. Este estudio se propone determinar el poder predictivo del sentido de comunidad sobre la percepción de inseguridad en dos barrios de la ciudad de Talca: Sector Carlos Trupp y Villa San José de la Florida. Se observa que el sentido de comunidad no predice la percepción de inseguridad, pero sí los recursos para prevenir la delincuencia. No se presentan diferencias en el sentido de comunidad en ambos barrios. Se discuten las implicancias para la evaluación de programas preventivos a nivel municipal.

Commonsense says we are isolated. After all, our bodies are physically separate. But Seneca’s colamus humanitatem, and John Donne’s observation that “no man is an island” suggests we are neither entirely isolated nor separate. A recent discovery in neuroscience—that of mirror neurons—argues that the brain and the mind is neither built nor functions remote from what happens in other individuals. What are mirror neurons? They are brain cells that process both what happens to or is done by an individual, and, as it were, its perceived “refl ection,” when that same thing happens or is done by another individual. Thus, mirror neurons are both activated when an individual does a particular action, and when that individual perceives that same action done by another. The discovery of mirror neurons suggests we need to radically revise our notions of human nature since they offer a means by which we may not be so separated as we think. Humans unlike other apes are adapted to mirror interact nonverbally when together. Notably, our faces have been evolved to display agile and nimble movements. While this is usually explained as enabling nonverbal communication, a better description would be nonverbal commune based upon mirror neurons. I argue we cherish humanity, colamus humanitatem, because mirror neurons and our adapted mirror interpersonal interface blur the physical boundaries that separate us.

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Studies conducted in socially vulnerable contexts suggest that identification with the immediate social environment influences well-being. These relationships become relevant in contexts where collective strategies are necessary for the survival and development of families and communities. The present study explored the relationship between the sense of community (SC) and the subjective, psychological, and social manifestations of well-being in a purposive simple of women and men living in Lima's slums (N = 150). A quantitative study showed significant relationships between the dimensions of SC and several manifestations of well-being. The length of residence in the community was directly associated with higher levels of SC and with some dimensions of psychological and social well-being. A path analysis was conducted, whose results suggest a recursive model in which the SC influences social well-being, with the latter also having an effect on psychological well-being. Subjective well-being is influenced by psychological well-being, while at the same time the cognitive aspect of subjective well-being strengthens the SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]