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The relationship between serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients remains inconsistent. We aimed to explore the individual and combined association of TC and TG levels with the risk of mortality in Chinese MHD patients. 1036 MHD patients were enrolled in this multicenter, prospective cohort study. The serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and secondary outcome was cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. During a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years (IQR= 2.0–7.9 years), 549 (53.0%) patients died, and 297 (28.7%) deaths were attributed to CVD. Compared with patients with TC levels in the first three quartiles (<182.5 mg/dL), a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality was found in participants with TC in the fourth quartile (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.76). However, a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality was observed in participants with TG in the fourth quartile (≥193.9 mg/dL) (HR, 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63–0.98), compared with participants with TG in the first three quartiles. Similar trends were observed in CVD mortality. When analyzed jointly, patients with lower TC (<182.5 mg/dL) and higher TG (≥193.9 mg/dL) levels had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Conclusions: In MHD patients in southern China, higher TC levels were associated with higher risk of mortality, while higher TG levels were related to lower risk of mortality. Patients with lower TC and higher TG levels had the best survival prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Preventing moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP & SAP) is the primary goal of the management of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP). The main aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting serum triglyceride (TG) clearance, particularly blood glucose (GLU) levels, which could potentially help to prevent the development of MSAP & SAP. The clinical data from 177 patients with MSAP & SAP and 195 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) on days 1–6 after the onset were collected and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors that have an impact on the severity of HLAP, especially TG. The optimal TG threshold was obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to differentiate TG fast-clearance patients from TG slow-clearance patients, as defined in this study. Metabolism-related factors that may interfere with TG clearance, such as GLU, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and uric acid, were further analyzed. Day 2 TG was an independent risk factor for MSAP & SAP in patients with HLAP (OR: 3.718, 95% CI: 2.042–6.77; P

Background Mirabegron is a β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist notified only for the treatment of overactive bladder. Bright preclinical results desire that β3-AR agonists manage to correct corpulence-affiliated metabolic affliction by growing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis, and insulin sensitivity. Objective to evaluate the effect of mirabegron on lipid profile (serum cholesterol and triglyceride) and BMI in patient with OAB. Materials and Methods In medical city complex (Ghazi AL-Hariri hospital) urology outpatient clinic, a prospective study of 40 patient diagnosed with OAB. These patient a took single dose of mirabegron 50 mg for 4 months and asses it’s the effect during this period on weight and fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Results investigation showed that there is astatically significant reduction from baseline after 2 and 4 months’ treatment with mirabegron (P-value=0.001) in fasting Sr. Triglyceride while fasting serum cholesterol level showed increase in level after 2 and 4 months of treatment. However; this increment not statically significant after 2 months(P-value=0.227) and after 4 months(P-value=0.261) BMI showed slightly reduction after 2 and 4 months’ treatment with mirabegron but also this reduction not statically significant after 2month(P-value=0.114) and after 4 months(P-value=0.562) Conclusion Mirabegron is dependable and direct drug for situation of overactive bladder (OAB) causes useful decline in level of triglyceride and the verdicts display that human BAT metabolic endeavor maybe increased subsequently never-ending pharmacological provocation accompanying mirabegron and support the analysis of β3-AR agonists as a treatment for metabolic ailment.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is the commonest cause of acute abdomen requiring surgical intervention. However, this clinical condition is sometimes managed conservatively till interval Appedicectomy is performed. Aims: to assess the laboratory parameters namely Serum albumin, Serum triglyceride, INR, Serum Electrolytes and CRP and correlate the severity index of acute pancreatitis i.e Balthazar index with above Laboratory parameters. Materials and method: The present study was a Prospective Study. This study was conducted from Complete Enumeration technique during this 6-month period at TMC and DR. BRAM Teaching hospital with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Result: Among the male participants, a substantial majority (88 Patients) fell within the reference range for INR (0.9 to 1.1). A smaller portion (12 Patients) had INR values exceeding the upper limit (>1.1). This distribution underscores the predominance of participants with INR values within the normal range among males in the study. Serum Sodium Levels: The majority of male participants (65 individuals) had serum sodium levels within the recommended range (135-145 meq/l). A significant proportion (29 patients) had hypernatremia (>145 meq/l), indicating high serum salt levels. A smaller proportion (6 patients) had hyponatremia (135 meq/l), which means their serum sodium levels were lower than usual. Conclusion: CT severity index is good, to describe clinical profile and outcome of patient with acute pancreatits and correlation with severity index. It detects pancreatic necrosis and depict local complications and grading of severity. Mortele index is better than Balthazar index. Revised Atlanta classification is better and more accurate in comparison to Mortele index and Balthazar index for assasing the outcome, i.e. mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensorineural hearing loss is the most frequent problem worldwide and is the most neglected condition. Thus, it is essential to understand the etiology and pathophysiology of SNHL. The main objective of the study is to find whether serum lipid parameters have any correlation with SNHL. 68 patients within the age group of 20–60 years with clinically diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss were included in this study. Informed written consent, otoscopy, pure tone audiometry were done on all patients. The subjects were subjected to Serum lipid profile. The mean age of subjects in this study was 53.25 ± 13.78 years and male to female ratio was found to be 1.125:1. The serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride also showed significant relationship with the degree of hearing loss (p value < 0.001). With an increase in the serum LDL there was increase in the severity of hearing loss which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001) where as serum HDL level showed statistically insignificant and negative correlation with severity of hearing loss. Serum lipid profile can be used as important biomarker for assessing the severity of hearing loss. Subjects with deranged lipid parameters had higher degress of hearing impairement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesAlthough lipids have been assessed for their possible roles in cancer survival prediction, studies on the association between serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients are limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum TG is associated with outcomes in patients with ESCC and investigate any interaction between serum TG and clinical parameters, especially body fat mass.Materials and methodsWe conducted a prospective case study on patients diagnosed with ESCC between March 2012 and November 2018. We measured patients’ serum TG levels before and after treatment. The association between serum TG and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using hazard ratios. We sought to determine a threshold point using optimal stratification. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOf the 257 participants diagnosed with ESCC, 200 (77.8%) were men. Median follow-up time was 22.4 months (range 3.3–92.4 months). Using univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and subsequent multivariate analysis, post-TG levels, Karnofsky performance scores, T stages, and chemotherapy cycles were shown to be independent prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.05). The post-TG cut-off point to best classify patients with respect to time to mortality was 1.47 mmol/L. A post-TG level of ≥ 1.47 mmol/L could independently predict a better OS (hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.79). The associations were consistent across the subtypes of clinical parameters. Furthermore, the post-body mass index, post-subcutaneous adipose tissue area, post-visceral adipose tissue area, post-total adiposity tissue area, and post-total adipose density exhibited a strong positive association with post-TG levels.ConclusionPost-TG levels were found to be a significant positive prognostic biomarker for body fat mass and OS in ESCC patients.

BackgroundHigh serum triglyceride (STG) level is a well-established pathogenic factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with the risk of various malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of STG level in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains uncertain.MethodsA total of 631 ICC patients treated with curative hepatectomy in two centers (517 in the discovery set and 114 in the validation set) were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess the outcomes of the patients with different STG levels. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to compare the prognostic value of STG with other established indexes. The Triglyceride-Albumin-Globulin (TAG) grade was introduced and evaluated using the time-dependent area under curves (AUC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsPatients with increased STG levels and decreased albumin-globulin score (AGS) were correlated with improved overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). STG level ≥ 1 mmol/L was an independent protective factor for surgically treated ICC patients. The predictive value of the TAG grade was superior to the STG or the AGS alone. In decision curve analysis, the net benefits of the TAG grade in the discovery and validation set were higher than STG and AGS.ConclusionThe current study presented strong evidence that ICC patients with higher preoperative STG levels had preferred long-term surgical outcomes. The novel nutritional score based on serum triglyceride, albumin and globulin levels was inextricably linked to the prognosis of the surgically treated ICC patients. Evaluation of the TAG grade before curative hepatectomy may be beneficial for risk stratification and clinical decision support.

The aims of this study were to investigate the profile of serum triglyceride level and its influence on outcomes in adult patients with severe burns. An observational study was conducted on 62 patients with burn extent from and over 20% TBSA. Results indicated that serum triglyceride level steadily increased from 1.9mmo/l on the 3rd day to 2.5 mmol/l on the 14th day before reducing on the 21st day after burn. Remarkably higher triglyceride level was seen in patients with full thickness burn area >20% TBSA and in inhalation injury (p < .05). Liver size significantly increased over time and was greater in increased triglyceride patients, but the difference was not significant (p > .05). In addition, patients with elevated serum triglyceride level had significantly higher rates of multiple organ failure and death compared with the remaining group. Further studies need to be conducted to understand and determine intervention for increased plasma triglyceride levels in severely burned patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We investigated the effects of anthropometric, laboratory, and lifestyle factors on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a nationwide, population-based, 4-year retrospective cohort.Methods: The propensity score-matched study and control groups contained 1,474 subjects who had data in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in 2009, 2011, and 2013. NAFLD was defined using medical records of a diagnosis confirmed by primary clinicians and meeting two previously validated fatty liver prediction models. Chronological changes in anthropometric variables, laboratory results, and lifestyle factors during two periods were compared between patient and control groups in order to find out parameters with consistent dynamics in pre-NAFLD stage which was defined as period just before the NAFLD development.Results: Among the 5 anthropometric, 10 laboratory, and 3 lifestyle factors, prominent chronological decremental changes in serum triglycerides were consistently observed during the pre-NAFLD stage, although the degrees of changes were more predominant in men (−9.46 mg/dL) than women (−5.98 mg/dL). Furthermore, weight and waist circumference changes during the pre-NAFLD stage were noticeable only in women (+0.36 kg and +0.9 cm for weight and waist circumference, respectively), which suggest gender difference in NAFLD.Conclusion: Early screening strategies for people with abrupt chronological changes in serum triglycerides to predict NAFLD development before the progression is recommended.

Forty cows suffered from ketosis at post-parturient period were used in the current study together with 10 healthy cows who served as a control. Blood samples were collected from diseased and healthy animals and the harvested serum were used for determination of biochemical, the profiles of lipids and liver enzymes. The obtained results declared that serum insulin had highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in group C (5.02 ± 0.46 µIU/ml), also there was a highly significant decrease in serum cortisol (P < 0.01) of both A and B groups (3.74 ± 0.15 and 3.98 ± 0.14 ng/ml), as compared to healthy cows (5.39 ± 0.27 ng/ml). The values of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and serum total lipids were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in groups A, B and C 146.54 ± 7.71, 153.22 ± 6.04 and 150.50 ± 6.02 mg/dl; 74.85 ± 0.95, 76.43 ± 1.85 and 80.05 ± 4.68 mg/dl and 271.31 ± 4.34, 281.76 ± 3.50 and 266.64 ± 4.26 mg/dl, respectively; also, the values of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were highly significantly increased (P < 0.01) in ketotic cows of groups A, B and C (94.13 ± 1.05, 94.42 ± 1.29 and 88.30 ± 88.30 ± 3.44 IU/L, respectively, and 57.07 ± 3.97, 54.29 ± 4.40 and 64.20 ± 4.70 IU/L, respectively). There was a highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in serum calcium of groups A, B and C (7.20 ± 0.23, 7.15 ± 0.14 and 8.95 ± 0.33 mg/dl, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, unbalanced diet, alcohol, and lack of physical activity are the risk factors for myocardial infarction worldwide across all ages. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and serum lipid profile among patients with myocardial infarction at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in coronary unit of the Department of Medicine from March 2019 until July 2020, on 176 patients admitted with myocardial infarction. The patient's demographics and lipid profile, serum creatinine, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate including co-morbidities were assessed. The presence of metabolic syndrome was defined based on the presence of 3 or more of the NCEP ATP III criteria. Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency, and proportion for categorical variables. IBM SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the176 MI cases, the mean age was 50.98 years. Majority (48%) had anterior wall MI with a mean LVEF of 52.18 % in the study population. Out of 176, 99 (56.25%) subjects had five positive components of the metabolic syndrome; i) the mean total cholesterol was 216.19 ± 56.62 mg/dL, ii) the mean triglycerides was 117.98 ± 54.42 mg/dL, iii) the mean HDL was 43.7 ± 17.15 mg/dL, iv) the mean systolic BP was 131.2 ± 27.39 and diastolic BP was 81.4 ± 14.14, and v) RBS was 151.91 ± 63.87 respectively indicating a high prevalence. Serum lipid profile for LDL was 74.02 ± 36.03 mg/dL and the mean VLDL was 29.52 ± 15.3 mg/dL. Conclusion: The present study revealed high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in MI cases. Of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome, triglyceride levels and RBS had the highest positive predictive value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis causes significant morbidity and mortality. It is important to promptly identify the underlying etiology and deliver the appropriate care to affected patients. Management includes supportive care and attempts to lower the serum triglyceride level. A case report of a patient treated successfully with an insulin infusion is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated which obesity-associated parameters can better predict the risk of anastomotic leakage (AL) in rectal cancer patients that underwent anterior resection of the rectum. Method: Patients (n = 589) who underwent anterior resection of the rectum with a primary anastomosis were included in this study, including 44 patients with AL and 545 without AL. Univariate analysis was used to compare demographic characteristics and to select risk factors that were used in one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM). Obesity-associated parameters, including preoperative body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total fat area (TFA), VFA/TFA ratio, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides, were compared between the two groups after PSM. Results: Sex, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, operation time, and anastomosis level from the anal verge were risk factors for AL (p <.05). After the PSM, BMI, VFA, SFA, TFA, VFA/TFA, and serum cholesterol showed no significant difference between the two group (p >.05). However, the level of serum triglycerides was an independent risk factor for AL (p =.024, odds ratio = 2.95). Conclusions: Serum triglycerides have potential as a predictive indicator for AL, which may improve the treatment and outcomes of patients with AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent and severe in Asian Indians. Simple diet-based strategies are important for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oats consumption on lipid parameters in mildly hypercholesterolemic Asian Indians living in India. Methods A short-term, prospective, open-labeled, randomized controlled, parallel group study was conducted. Mildly hypercholesterolemic (total cholesterol >200 mg/dL and

The role of Tibet kefir milk (TKM) feeding on fat deposition was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed human flora-associated (HFA) rats. TKM feeding reduced abdominal fat mass from 33.9 g to 24.0 g and serum triglyceride (TG) from 0.75 mmol/L to 0.47 mmol/L, and caused lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to decrease from 395.8 ± 36.0 ng/L to 362.3 ± 64.4 ng/L in fat and increase from 287.3 ± 40.8 ng/L to 329.8 ± 48.5 ng/L and 312.5 ± 22.0 to 375.1 ± 30.8 ng/L in liver and serum, respectively. Likewise, TMK feeding down-regulated Lpl gene expression in fat and Angptl 4 (angiopoietin-like protein-4, also known as fasting-induced adipose factor) gene expression in liver, and up-regulated Angptl 4 gene expression in fat. Sequence analysis showed that the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes proportion and Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level, Akkermansia , Escherichia and Oscillospira at the genus level, as well as Escherichia coli at the species level were positively regulated by TKM. The results indicated that TKM decreased abdominal fat deposition and serum TG by regulating Lpl and Angptl 4 at the transcriptional level. The microbiota groups mentioned above were regulated by TKM at the same time and may be the potential intervention targets to reduce fat deposition. Unlabelled Image • Consequences of a simultaneous HFD and TKM intake by HFA-rats were exhibited. • TKM decreased fat deposition and TG by regulating Lpl and Angptl4 at the transcriptional level. • F/B, Akkermansia , Escherichia , Oscillospira and E. coli were regulated by TKM positively. • The microflora mentioned above may be the potential intervention targets to reduce fat deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which confers a high risk for cardiovascular diseases, needs early diagnosis and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Lipid accumulation product index has been reported to be an inexpensive marker of visceral fat and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate lipid accumulation product index as a marker for metabolic syndrome in the Indian population where the prevalence of the condition is steadily increasing. Methods: A hospital-based, case–control study was conducted with 72 diagnosed cases of metabolic syndrome and 79 control subjects. In all the participants, body mass index (BMI) and lipid accumulation product index were calculated. The difference between cases and controls in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and lipid accumulation product index was assessed by Mann–Whitney U test/unpaired t-test. Associations of BMI, WC, and lipid accumulation product index with metabolic syndrome were compared by multiple logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: BMI, WC, and lipid accumulation product index were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). Although all were independently associated with metabolic syndrome, lipid accumulation product index had the highest prediction accuracy. The parameter also had a high area under curve of 0.901 (95% confidence interval 0.85–0.95) and a high sensitivity (76.4%), specificity (91.1%), positive predictive value (88.7%), and negative predictive value (80.9%) for detection of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: In the Indian population, lipid accumulation product index is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome compared to BMI and WC and should be incorporated in laboratory reports as early, accurate, and inexpensive indicator of metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Single-center retrospective analysis of consecutively collected data.Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of idiopathic spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL).Summary Of Background Data: SEL is associated with the overt accumulation of nonencapsulated adipose tissue in the epidural space, leading to spinal cord or nerve root compression. The etiology of this condition is currently not completely understood.Methods: Data of 166 male patients who underwent primary surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) from May 2013 to February 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Participants were divided into three groups based on the degree of epidural lipomatous lesion. Patient data of age at surgery, body mass index, prevalence of common noncommunicable diseases, blood tests, arteriosclerotic index, and preoperative clinical scores (assessed using the Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the potential associated factors for idiopathic SEL.Results: Patients with LSS with severe SEL had a significantly higher body mass index and elevated serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride compared with those without SEL. Analysis of preoperative clinical scores revealed that patients with SEL experienced pain more frequently and showed less walking ability than did those without SEL. Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperlipidemia was significantly associated with idiopathic SEL (odds ratio = 3.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-10.64).Conclusion: Our data suggest that aberrant lipid metabolism is related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic SEL and that patients with LSS with idiopathic SEL have more severe pain than do those without SEL.Level Of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tn Japan, there are two regulatory systems of health claims of ‘food for specified health use’ (FOSHU) and ‘food with function claims’, which are regulated by the Consumer Affairs Agency. Various beneficial physiological functions of soybean β-conglycinin have been reported. As for soybean β-conglycinin, marking as FOSHU is permitted against the effect of lowering serum triglyceride among many beneficial physiological effects. However, marking of soybean as ‘food with function claims’ has not been accepted, because subjects’ selection criteria of clinical trials conducted at the time of applying for FOSHU of soy β-conglycinin were different with that of guidelines for ‘food with function claims’. Therefore, the author verified the possibility of accepting ‘food with function claims’ of soybean β-conglycinin by reanalyzing the data of clinical trials of soybean β-conglycinin which have been carried out so far in accordance with the guidelines for ‘food with function claims’. As a result, it was revealed that soybean β-conglycinin is a food ingredient which exerts a beneficial physiological function as ‘food with function claims’ the lowering effects of not only scrum triglyceride but visceral fat, by ingesting 2.3 g / day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Significant increase in serum triglyceride (ST) concentration have been described in adult population after prolonged administration of propofol formulation containing long chain triglyceride (LCT). Though, medium chain triglyceride-LCT (MCT-LCT) propofol when compared with LCT propofol for long-term sedation in adults resulted in identical triglyceride levels, the elimination of triglyceride was faster in patients administered MCT-LCT propofol. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 children were randomized into two groups of 20 each; Group I were induced with 1% LCT propofol (3 mg/kg) and Group II with 1% medium and LCT propofol and maintained with descalating dose of 20.15 and 10 mg/kg/h at 10 min intervals. Blood samples for ST concentration were obtained before induction of anesthesia, at the end of propofol infusion and 4 h after terminating propofol infusion. Results: ST levels were raised significantly above the basal values in both the groups but the rise was significantly higher in Group I (P < 0.05). Four hours after stopping propofol infusion the triglyceride levels were similar to the basal values in Group II, whereas in Group I the values were significantly greater than the baseline (P < 0.05) as well as those of Group II (P < 0.05). No clinically significant adverse effect of hypertriglyceridemia was observed. Conclusion: Even short term anesthesia with LCT and MCT-LCT propofol (1%) leads to elevated ST levels. The increase in ST levels is less with MCT-LCT propofol and elimination of triglyceride is also rapid after terminating MCT-LCT propofol infusion.

Introduction: One of the important components responsible for the maintenance of cell integrity is lipids, which are also required for various biological functions like cell division and growth of normal and malignant tissues. It has been proposed that malignancies are associated with changes in lipid profile. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alterations in lipid profile in untreated patients of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP) and control group. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based study, 20 clinically diagnosed patients of OSF, 20 biopsy-proven cases of leukoplakia, 20 biopsy-proven cases of lichen planus and 20 subjects in the control groups were studied. In the samples collected, serum lipids including the following were analyzed: (i) serum cholesterol, (ii) serum triglyceride, (iii) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), (iv) high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and (v) very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Results: Serum lipid profile had inverse relationship with oral precancerous conditions/lesions. Serum triglycerides and VLDL levels showed significant reduction in patients with leukoplakia and lichen planus as compared with controls. No significant correlation of the lipid profile has been found in the OSF patients. Conclusion: The above findings strongly warrant a large sample size keeping in mind the types of lichen planus, leukoplakia staging and OSF staging, and their correlation with tobacco habits is required to make it effective as a prognostic tool in life-threatening conditions.

When the data of the study participants, who met the renewed inclusion criteria, were extracted from the existing data, the sample size of the analysis set decreased, thus decreasing the statistical power. To address this concern, an integrated analysis weighted by the sample size of individual studies, in which a stratified sampling from multiple independent studies was performed, was proposed. However, little is known about the adjustment for multiple comparisons of longitudinal data. Thus, we herein investigated the effect of the multiple comparison method on the results of the integrated analysis after a stratified sampling. We used two clinical data, which evaluated the effects of EPA/DHA on the decrease of serum triglyceride; stratified the participants into healthy and hyperlipidemic groups for sampling; and performed an integrated analysis. The adjustments of the multiple comparisons of longitudinal data were made using the Bonferroni procedure and its improved procedures, i.e., Holm, Shaffer, and Holland-Copenhaver procedures, and the results were compared. Results showed that the Holm, Shaffer, and Holland-Copenhaver procedures had no significant differences. Because the Bonferroni procedure is very conservative, it should not be used with a large number of comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Alcoholic extract of the bark of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO), (Moringaceae), has been experimentally evaluated previously for its insulin sensitizing potentials. In the quest to explore the possibility of the class of phytochemical(s) responsible for this experimental claim, the alcoholic extract was fractionated and evaluated for insulin sensitizing effect in rat model for insulin resistance. Methods: Alcoholic extract of MO was fractionated into, non-polar [petroleum ether (PEF)], moderately non-polar [ethyl acetate (EAF)] and polar [aqueous (AQF)] fractions. The fractions obtained were investigated for their insulin sensitizing properties in dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in rats. The bioactive fraction was analysed by spectroscopy for further characterization of phytochemical(s) present. Results: Acute treatment for 4 h with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg i.p.) in rats led to the development of impaired oral glucose tolerance. Treatment with pioglitazone and EAF abolished dexamethasone induced oral glucose intolerance (OGT). Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg s.c., once daily for 11 d) administration led to the development of insulin resistance, characterised by fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired OGT and increased HOMA IR index. Treatments with EAF (140 mg/kg p.o.) and pioglitazone [PIO (10 mg/kg p.o.)] significantly prevented dexamethasone induced metabolic changes. Similarly, treatment with AQF (95 mg/kg p.o.) also significantly prevented metabolic changes due to dexamethasone except impaired OGT. In contrast PEF (15 mg/kg p.o.) failed to prevent these metabolic changes except hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The present study reveals that triterpenoid and the polyphenols (procyanidin) class of phytochemicals detected in EAF of alcoholic extract of MO bark may be responsible for the prevention of dexamethasoneinduced insulin resistance in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is involved in serum triglyceride (TG) regulation. Several studies have reported that the rs651821 locus in the APOA5 gene is associated with serum TG levels in the Chinese population. However, no research has been performed regarding the association between the variants of rs651821 and the risk of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP). Methods: A case-control study was conducted and is reported following the STROBE guidelines. We enrolled a total of 88 participants in this study (60 HLAP patients and 28 controls). APOA5 was genotyped using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate odds ratios and a 95% confidence interval. Results: The genotype distribution of the rs651821 alleles in both groups follow the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. The frequency of the "C" allele in rs651821 was increased in HLAP patients compared to controls. In the recessive model, subjects with the "CC" genotype had an 8.217-fold higher risk for HLAP (OR = 8.217, 95% CI: 1.023-66.01, p  = 0.046) than subjects with the "TC+TT" genotypes. After adjusting for sex, the association remained significant (OR = 9.898, 95% CI: 1.176-83.344, p  = 0.035). Additionally, the "CC" genotype was related to an increased TG/apolipoprotein B (APOB) ratio and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the C allele of rs651821 in APOA5 increases the risk of HLAP in persons from Southeastern China.

The present study aimed to assess changes in resting and maximum heart rates as primary indicators of cardiac autonomic function in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and to determine their value for discriminating MetS from non-MetS. 468 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and assessed according to the updated adult treatment panel III (ATP-III) definition of MetS. Resting and maximum heart rates were recorded following the Bruce protocol during an exercise. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the best cutoff point for discriminating MetS from the non-MetS state. 194 participants (41.5%) were diagnosed as MetS. The mean resting heart rate (RHR) was not statistically different between the two groups (P=0.078). However, the mean maximum heart (MHR) rate was considerably higher in participants with MetS (142.37±14.84 beats per min) compared to the non-MetS group (134.62±21.63 beats per min) (P

The present study aimed to assess changes in resting and maximum heart rates as primary indicators of cardiac autonomic function in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and to determine their value for discriminating MetS from non-MetS. 468 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and assessed according to the updated adult treatment panel III (ATP-III) definition of MetS. Resting and maximum heart rates were recorded following the Bruce protocol during an exercise. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the best cutoff point for discriminating MetS from the non-MetS state. 194 participants (41.5%) were diagnosed as MetS. The mean resting heart rate (RHR) was not statistically different between the two groups (P=0.078). However, the mean maximum heart (MHR) rate was considerably higher in participants with MetS (142.37±14.84 beats per min) compared to the non-MetS group (134.62±21.63 beats per min) (P<0.001). In the MetS group, the MHR was positively correlated with the serum triglyceride level (β=0.185, P=0.033) and was inversely associated with age (β=-0.469, P<0.001). The MHR had a moderate value for discriminating MetS from the non-MetS state (c=0.580, P=0.004) with the optimal cutoff point of 140 beats per min. In MetS patients, the MHR was significantly greater compared to non-MetS subjects and was directly correlated with serum triglyceride levels and inversely with advanced age. Moreover, MHR can be used as a suspicious indicator for identifying MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) gene polymorphisms have been associated with serum triglycerides (TG) in Caucasians and Japanese, but no reports are available Chinese. The purpose of this study was to find whether there was an association of rs17782313 polymorphisms at the MC4R gene with serum TG in elderly Chinese.Methods and Study Design: 2,012 over 40 years participated in a cross-sectional study in which their body mass index (BMI), TG, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were determined.Results: For women, carriers of the T/T genotype had significantly lower serum TG than those with C/C genotype (p=0.006). Carriers of the C/C genotype of this polymorphisms exhibited significantly lower fasting HDL-C levels compared with T/T and T/C genotypes (p=0.025), and increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p=0.043), but no change in blood pressure. Higher serum TG in carriers of the C/C genotype of MC4R gene remained stable after adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and three or more components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) by multivariable linear regression (p=0.01) in women. The carriers of the C/C genotype of MC4R gene showed significantly greater odds ratio for TG than T/C and T/T genotypes, even when adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, BMI and WC in women.Conclusions: The rs17782313 C/C genotype is associated with higher TG levels in older Chinese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess serum cholesterol, triglycerides, High and Low Density Lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) levels (serum lipid profile) in subjects with chronic periodontitis and the possible association for risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Materials and Methods: Total of 80 participants (42 males and 38 females) who were in the age range of 30-65 years were divided into test group (group I- 40 subjects with chronic periodontitis) and control group (group II- 40 subjects with healthy periodontium), based on their periodontal disease statuses. Three ml of venous blood samples were taken for measurement of parameters of lipid metabolism [serum cholesterol (chol); triglycerides (Tg); HDL and LDL. Results: Significant increase in serum cholesterol and LDL (P0.66) showed no significant increase in test group (group I) as compared to their values in the control group (group II). A P-value of < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Conclusions: Subjects with chronic periodontitis showed increased serum cholesterol and LDL levels. This may suggest that these subjects are potentially at a risk of getting CVD.

The aims of this study were to evaluate effect of using liquid preparation "Vetlactoflorum-M" (dissolved in diluted milk) and "Vetlactoflorum-C" (dissolved in whey) on some parameters such as concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and uric acidin blood of broiler chickens. One hundred fifty broilers chicken breed "Ross-308" used in one day old, divided into three groups (each of 50 chicks as follow: (control" un supplemented probiotic" , first treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-C” and second treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-M”). Blood samples were taken in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day-old. The results showed that the selected probiotics ("Vetlactoflorum-M" and "Vetlactoflorum-C") are able to reduce uric acid, increase glucose. Lower concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in the treatment groups. So the results were improved by using probiotic.

Edamame (Glycine max) is a preparation of immature soybeans in the pod, which is high in calcium and dietary fiber, two elements described in previous studies that could alter the level of post-prandial serum triglyceride. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of edamame (Glycine max) extract on post-prandial serum triglyceride in rats after intragastric administration of palm oil. The materials used in this study are palm oil, edamame extract, and ether. The design of this study is experimental post-test study design, which is a design to measure the serum triglyceride level after meal with and without Glycine max. Triglyceride is measured on each subject two times on total, first one after consumption of meal without Glycine max and the second one after consumption of meal with Glycine max. There is a washout period of 1 week between two times the samples were taken. Both results are then compared in every subject. The level of 2-hour post-prandial serum triglyceride in rats after palm oil without intragastric edamame (Glycine max) extract administration and with intragastric edamame (Glycine max) extract administration showed no significant difference. In conclusion, edamame (Glycine max) extract had no effect on 2-hour post-prandial serum triglyceride after palm oil administration via intragastric tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Efficacy of a multi-strain direct-fed microbial product ( PoultryStar® ME; PS) and a xylanase enzyme product on the dietary energy utilization efficiency and resulting performance in broiler chickens was evaluated. Apart from performance parameters, cecal and serum metabolites and activities of hepatic enzymes involved in energy metabolism were also determined. Ross 308 chicks were fed one of four experimental diets [control ( CON), CON + PS, CON + xylanase and CON + PS + xylanase] using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement from 1-21 days of age. RESULTS Cecal proportions of propionate and butyrate, as well as total short-chain fatty acid concentration were increased ( P <0.01) by PS suggesting increased fermentation of dietary fiber. Both additives reduced ( P <0.01) serum non-esterified free fatty acids, while PS reduced ( P <0.01) serum triglyceride. Hepatic glycogen concentration was increased ( P <0.01) by both additives. Changes in these serum metabolites and hepatic glycogen indicate the influence of additives in swiftly transitioning the birds from fasting to feeding metabolism. The activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PDH) was increased ( P <0.01) by PS. Elevated hepatic glycogen and G6PDH activity indicate increased glucose-sparing potential. Feed conversion ratio ( FCR) was lowered by both additives, while the magnitude of reduction was higher with the combination. CONCLUSION The combination worked synergistically, compared to their individual effects, to increase dietary energy uptake and hepatic energy retention. The combination additively increased the FCR, suggesting involvement of synergistic modes of actions. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore lipid abnormalities in normoglycemic first-degree diabetic relatives (FDRs) and prediabetic and diabetic subjects in the natural history of diabetes. Research design and methods: Thirty six impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 61 isolated impaired glucose tolerance (I-IGT), 64 combined IFG-IGT, 73 diabetic, and 32 FDRs along with 57 normoglycemic healthy controls without family history of diabetes in 1st degree relatives, were selected purposively following 2003 ADA cut-off values and 2006 WHO/IDF grouping. Anthropometry and blood pressure of the subjects were taken. Fasting and 2-h plasma glucose and HbA1C were measured. Fasting plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method. Results: Serum triglyceride was higher in IFG, I-IGT, IFG-IGT, diabetic and FDRs compared to Control [145 (59- 307), 128 (66-584), 166 (68-764), 161 (69-750) and 130 (81-281) vs. 108 (47-219) mg/dl, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.05]. Total cholesterol was raised in IFG-IGT and diabetes compared to Control [185 (105-310), 185 (123-326) vs. 171 (101-235) mg/dl, P<0.05] and FDRs. But HDL did not differ among the groups. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in IFG, I-IGT, IFG-IGT and diabetes and FDRs than Control [55%, 38%, 57%, 58% and 36% vs. 15%, P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.05] and also in IFGIGT and diabetic compared to I-IGT and FDRs (P<0.05). Conclusions: Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and raised serum triglyceride is seen among diabetic, prediabetic and 1st degree diabetic-relatives. Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol is raised only in IFG-IGT and diabetes, the more decompensated glycemic states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Significant increase in serum triglyceride (ST) concentration have been described in adult population after prolonged administration of propofol formulation containing long chain triglyceride (LCT). Though, medium chain triglyceride-LCT (MCT-LCT) propofol when compared with LCT propofol for long-term sedation in adults resulted in identical triglyceride levels, the elimination of triglyceride was faster in patients administered MCT-LCT propofol. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 children were randomized into two groups of 20 each; Group I were induced with 1% LCT propofol (3 mg/kg) and Group II with 1% medium and LCT propofol and maintained with descalating dose of 20.15 and 10 mg/kg/h at 10 min intervals. Blood samples for ST concentration were obtained before induction of anesthesia, at the end of propofol infusion and 4 h after terminating propofol infusion. Results: ST levels were raised significantly above the basal values in both the groups but the rise was significantly higher in Group I (P < 0.05). Four hours after stopping propofol infusion the triglyceride levels were similar to the basal values in Group II, whereas in Group I the values were significantly greater than the baseline (P < 0.05) as well as those of Group II (P < 0.05). No clinically significant adverse effect of hypertriglyceridemia was observed. Conclusion: Even short term anesthesia with LCT and MCT-LCT propofol (1%) leads to elevated ST levels. The increase in ST levels is less with MCT-LCT propofol and elimination of triglyceride is also rapid after terminating MCT-LCT propofol infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Masson Editeur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the correlation between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene polymorphism, slaughter trait, meat quality and serum triglyceride in the muscovy of ducks and chicken in Jiangsu, China.

The article presents a study which investigates the effects of continuous uptake of vinegar on serum triglyceride (TGL) levels, body weight, and abdominal fat areas in Japanese obese. The study is comprised of obese Japanese subjects who accounted for a healthy body weight one month before the study was done. The subjects were designated to similar groups such as body mass index (BMI) and body weight. The study shows that daily uptake of vinegar could be utile for metabolic syndrome prevention.

We investigated the relationship between serum triglyceride level and acute ischemic stroke severity using infarct volume on CT brain scans as a marker. A total of 121 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients (53 males and 68 females, age 47–93 years) with anterior circulation (75%), posterior circulation (9%) or lacunar infarcts (16%) were examined. All patients were admitted within 24 h of the symptom onset, and CT scans were taken over the subsequent 24–72 h. With adjustment for the infarct type, age, sex, timing of CT imaging (24–36, >36–48 or >48–72 h since admission), atrial fibrillation, hypertension, fasting cholesterol and glucose levels, a higher (≥1.70 mmol/l) fasting serum triglyceride level (within 24 h after admission) was associated with a lower infarct volume (p = 0.014). In line with a recent report on milder clinical symptoms in acute ischemic stroke patients with higher triglycerides, the results suggest an independent association between serum triglyceride level and stroke severity. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the attenuated response of the serum triglyceride concentration to ingestion of a chocolate containing polydextrose and lactitol in place of sugar. The effects of ingesting a non-sugar chocolate which contains polydextrose and lactitol in place of sucrose and lactose on the concentrations of plasma glucose and serum insulin and triglyceride in humans were examined.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine if absence of a common allele in a microsatellite polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) promoter was associated with type 2 diabetes and alterations in quantitative traits in glucose-tolerant subjects.Methods: The IGF-I promoter polymorphism was investigated in a case-control study comprising 694 type 2 diabetic patients and 218 glucose-tolerant control subjects, and in two genotype-quantitative trait studies involving 208 glucose-tolerant first-degree offspring of type 2 diabetic patients and 218 unrelated middle-aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance.Results: No associations were found between the lack of the common promoter allele and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.25) or estimates of glucose metabolism in glucose-tolerant subjects. Presence of the wild-type allele was associated with an increase in fasting serum triglyceride levels in the group of 208 glucose-tolerant first-degree offspring of type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0.002). This finding was replicated in an independent sample of 218 unrelated middle-aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance (P = 0.007).Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that the common wild-type allele of the IGF-I promoter polymorphism is associated with increased levels of fasting serum triglyceride in glucose-tolerant whites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: There have been no reports that low serum cholesterol levels increase the risk of colorectal adenoma, although many studies have shown that they do increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Alcohol intake, which is associated with a risk of colorectal adenomas, and serum cholesterol levels are closely related. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on the association between serum cholesterol levels and colorectal adenoma. Methods: The subjects were 1,349 male patients who underwent both barium enema examination and total colonoscopy. They answered a questionnaire regarding their alcohol consumption history, and their blood samples were analysed. The subjects were divided into three groups: those with no tumour (with neither adenoma nor adenocarcinoma), those with adenoma and those with adenocarcinoma. Among the groups, the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were compared in all the patients, in the patients who did not drink daily and in the patients who did. Results: In all the patients, the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ between the patients with and those without adenoma. In the daily drinkers, the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in patients with adenoma than in those without. Conclusions: Significantly lower levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides were found in daily drinkers with adenoma than in those without. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials indicate that moderate doses of n--3 fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and may improve prognosis. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of a high-dose ethylester concentrate of n--3 fatty acids administered early after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) on subsequent cardiac events and serum lipids. Design: Three hundred patients with acute MI were randomly assigned to a daily dose of either 4 g highly concentrated n--3 fatty acids or corn oil, administered in a double-blind manner over 12-24 mo. Median follow-up time was 1.5 y. Clinical follow-up, including the drawing of blood samples, was performed after 6 wk of treatment and later at 0.5-year intervals. Results: Forty-two (28%) patients in the n--3 group and 36 (24%) in the corn oil group experienced at least one cardiac event (cardiac death, resuscitation, recurrent MI, or unstable angina). No significant difference in prognosis was observed between groups for single or combined cardiac events. Total cholesterol concentrations decreased in both groups, with no significant intergroup differences. On average, the monthly increase in HDL cholesterol was 1.11% in the n--3 group and 0.55% in the corn oil group (P = 0.0016). Triacylglycerol concentrations decreased by 1.30%/mo in the n--3 group, whereas they increased by 0.35%/mo in the corn oil group (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: No clinical benefit of a high-dose concentrate of n--3 fatty acids compared with corn oil was found despite a favorable effect on serum lipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and Aims: Hepatic steatosis is a histological characteristic in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C, and to look for possible correlation with various histopathological changes and to look for possible correlation with various clinical and pathologic variables. Methods: One hundred and six patients were enrolled, and patients with alcoholism or diabetes mellitus were excluded. Clinical, biochemical and virologic data, including HCV genotype and serum HCV-RNA titer and histological findings, were compared between patients with and without hepatic steatosis. Results: Fifty-five (52%) of the 106 patients with chronic hepatitis C had hepatic steatosis. Patients with hepatic steatosis had significantly higher mean serum levels of triglyceride and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, higher body mass index, and a higher incidence of obesity compared with patients without hepatic steatosis. No significant differences in serum HCV-RNA titer and HCV genotype or the response to interferon therapy were noted between the two groups. Histological analysis showed patients with hepatic steatosis had a significantly higher mean fibrotic score than patients without hepatic steatosis (1.9 ± 1.2 vs 1.3 ± 1.0; P = 0.016). There were no significant differences in the severity of necroinflammation, the presence of lymphoid aggregation/follicle or bile duct damage between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors associated with hepatic steatosis were obesity or a histology fibrotic score of ≥ 2. Conclusion: It was found that 52% of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C had hepatic steatosis. Patients with hepatic steatosis were more frequently obese and had more severe hepatic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effect of a low-fat, high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet on plasma lipids in 10 patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. All the patients studied underwent a base-line period of 4 wk, a 12-wk intervention period, and an 8-wk switch-back period. During the control periods patients consumed ~145% of energy as fat and ~40% as carbohydrate. During the intervention period they consumed an isocaloric diet containing ~25% ofenergy as fat and ~60% as carbohydrate. Total plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased significantly after 45 and 90 d of treatment (p < 0.01). The reduction of plasma cholesterol was associated mostly with the decrease in VLDL cholesterol (p < 0.01) while LDL cholesterol increased at days 45 and 90 of the LFHC diet (p < 0.01). Finally, we observed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol both at days 45 and 90 of the LFHC diet (p < 0.01). The LFHC diet we used may be an useful tool in the management of hypertriglyceridemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]