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The objective of this study was to enhance the microbial inactivation efficacy of sesame seeds through the utilization of a pilot-scale IPL device, while also identifying the process variables that influence the microbial inactivation effect. Three different types of IPL processes were employed, each with a distinct arrangement, to treat sesame seeds. The total fluences applied ranged from 1.33 to 53.94 J/cm2. Total aerobic bacteria and fungi exhibited a maximum reduction of 2.27 and 2.77 log, respectively. The curved pathway of the sample flow effectively extended the duration of exposure to the IPL emitted by the lamps. The arrangement of the IPL process using two lamps in parallel but at different locations proved the most efficient for microbial inactivation. The application of IPL was found to be effective in reducing the presence of indigenous microbes in sesame seeds while having no significant impact on the physicochemical properties of the seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in global demand consumption of sesame seeds as a nutritious food source and the limited areas suitable for cultivation have made the world face the challenge of determining the optimal storage conditions for sesame seeds. In this study, sesame seeds were stored in three different temperature and humidity conditions: High Temperature (HT: 60 °C, 100% humidity), Room Temperature (RT: 20 °C, 70% humidity), and Refrigerator Temperature (FT: 4 °C, 30% humidity), compared to the control (20 °C, 3% humidity). The soluble sugar, vitamins and protein contents of the sesame seeds were determined following standard methods. Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oil yield 11.2% increased under the HT storage condition, but no significant change was observed under the other storage conditions. HT conditions caused the degradation of fatty acids, while RT and FT conditions maintained the structure of fatty acids. Vitamin C levels decreased in FT, RT and HT storage conditions 0.0622, 0.0496, 0.0118 mg/100 g and vitamin B12 levels decreased 11.73, 12.02, 10.79 μM/100 g, respectively. Vitamin B9 levels increased in FT, RT and HT storage conditions 299.3, 222.3, 216.8 μg/100 g, respectively and vitamin E decreased 135.3, 30.7 mg/100 g under HT and FT conditions compared to control, however, no changes were observed under RT conditions. Total soluble sugar content increased 157.7 mg/100 g in FT conditions while it decreased 73.56 mg/100 g in HT conditions. This study showed storage conditions affected the nutritional value and phytochemical properties of sesame seeds. High temperature and humidity adversely affect the oil quality, fatty acid structure, and vitamin and sugar content of sesame seeds. Sesame intake in human dietary affected by the cooking process, such as roasting in dressing bread and confectionery reduce fatty acids, vitamins, and sugars in seeds. It seems that RT and FT are the optimal conditions for preserving fatty acids with high nutritional value in sesame seeds, although the moisture is different. The findings are important in controlling and maintaining the nutritional value of sesame during storage.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a worldwide cultivated oil crop that belongs to the family Pedaliaceae. Sesame seeds possess high nutritional value, enriching fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Various phytochemical constituents are found in sesame seeds and/or oil, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, phospholipids, and unique class of lignans such as sesamin and sesamolin, showing specific health potential to the human body (antioxidant, antimutagenic, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and hypolipidemic). Bioavailability is composed of two components: bioactivity and bioaccessibility. However, because phytochemicals are treated by the body as xenobiotics, their bioavailability is poor, and their presence in the body is temporary. Although specific methods for determining phytochemical bioavailability in sesame are being established using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, the results are still inconclusive. Several factors will impact bioavailability in the human body, including molecular structure, transport mechanisms, and food-drug interactions. To improve the bioavailability of phytochemicals in sesame and thereby enhance the bioactivities, specific methods such as the application of sesamol solid lipid nanoparticles, the application of colloidal systems, and changing the solubility of phytosterols will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of enzyme and different heat treatments on the dehulling of the sesame seed coat were investigated.The amount of crust removed was determined to be 11.23–14.08%for no pre-treatment seed (NPM),seed dipped into boiling water (BW),steam treated seed (ST)and seed kept frozen at −18 °C (FT).While ash contents of sesame seeds change between 2.77% (steam treated sesame seed) and 4.44% (seed peeled using traditional methods), crude protein contents of seeds varied between 20.40% (raw sesame seed) and 24.29%(no-pretreatment).In addition, the oil contents of seeds were determined between 53.85%(raw sesame seed) and 61.83%(no-pretreatment).Also, while oleic acid contents of of seed oils vary between 39.62% (dipped into boiling) and 40.18%(seed peeled using traditional methods),linoleic acid contents of oils ranged from 43.76%(seed peeled using traditional methods) to 44.56%(steam treated). It has been found that the enzyme application is more effective in peeling sesame seed husks than the traditional peel method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of Nigeria's most important oil crops, effective storage is still a leading problem with the preservation of sesame. Fungal infestation of sesame is a major cause of spoilage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential biocontrol agents of some selected plant extracts (Cymbogogon citratus, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Reuwolfiea vomitoria) against four sesame seed spoilage heterotrophic fungi (Fusarium monoliforme, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sesame, and Penicillium sp.). Infected seed samples of sesame were collected from different sesame farms within Dekina local government and its environs to isolate fungal pathogens. The in-vitro potential of the tested plant extracts was evaluated against four isolates of phytopathogenic heterotrophic fungi in an agar well diffusion method. A total of 281 heterotrophic fungi were isolated. Alternaria sesame (number of isolate (n) = 91) had the highest distribution, while Fusarium monoliforme had the lowest distribution (n = 19). Extract concentration was impassively proportional to antifungal activity across all the fungal isolates at P<0.005. The antifungal activity of some selected extracts Cymbogogon citratus, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Reuwolfiea vomitoria) on the fungal isolates associated with sesame seed within Kogi East and its environs showed moderate antifungal activity (mycelium growth between 20-60% across all test isolates). It thus offers a choice alternative in the preservation and processing of sesame seed within the region and the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective It was shown that contamination of agricultural pasturage with fertilizers, application of sewage and effluents in irrigation, use of pesticides and air pollution have led to the entrance of chemical contaminants, including metals, into plants. On the other hand, food processing is (handling, processing, transportation) considered as an important way of food contamination. Vegetable oils are essential in human dietary which is introduced as crucial sources of energy, fat soluble vitamins, and essential fatty acids. Sesamum indicum L., known as sesame seed, has been cultivated in Asian countries from ancient times as vegetable oil for cooking and seasoning ingredients. In recent years, the sesame oil has been considered due to its high antioxidant activities and nutritional properties. Due to the use of sesame seeds extracted oil in two form of ardeh oil and sesame oil, the amounts of mineral elements (phosphorus, potassium, iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, calcium and magnesium) in sesame seeds and its extracted oils (ardeh oil and refined sesame oil) were investigated. Materials and Methods In order to determine the mineral concentration, refined sesame oil and ardeh oils were prepared from an imported sesame seed. In order to prepare the sesame oil, sesame seeds were put into a cold presser and the oil was extracted under low pressure. The Ardeh oil was prepared by adding water to sesame paste in the ratio of 2.2:10 and oil was separated by centrifugation. The sesame seeds and oil samples (refined sesame oil and ardeh oils) were digested by microwave digestion method in presence of 5 ml 65% nitric acid and 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The digested samples were then filtered through 0.45 µm filter membrane. Then, the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, calcium and magnesium in sesame seeds, ardeh oil and refined sesame oil were examined using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP – OES). Results In the present study, the limit of detection (LOD) for each studied mineral elements were determined as nickel: 4 mg/kg, magnesium: 0.00066 mg/kg, manganese: 0.000134 mg/kg, phosphorus: 0.384 mg/kg, cobalt: 0.594 μg / kg, iron: 0.000797 mg/kg, potassium: 0.00394 mg/kg, calcium 0.005 mg/kg. According to the results, the highest amounts of mineral elements were detected in sesame seeds. The achieved results showed that the method of sesame oil extraction can reduce the mineral elements in the final sesame oils. The amounts of mineral elements in sesame seeds were estimated as P > Ca > K > Mg > Fe > Mn > Co > Ni. The pattern of mineral elements in Ardeh oil was reported as P > Fe > K > Co > Mg > Ni > Mn > Ca. The reduction pattern was reported as P > K > Fe > Ni > Co > Mn > Ca > Mg in refined sesame oil. As can be seen the order of mineral elements was changed in two oil samples and sesame seed. It was shown that except for K and Ca, all mineral elements in ardeh oil were higher than refined sesame oil. As can be seen, the refining process was effectively reduced the metals in oil samples. On the other hand, high amount of mineral elements in sesame seed in comparison to extracted oils could be attributed to lack of processing methods which are present in oil production in both methods. Conclusion It should be considered that presence of different metals in vegetable oils could facilitate the oil deterioration and oxidization as well as oil shelf life reduction. Since the most of the sesame lots in Iran are imported, it is necessary to monitor the amount of mineral elements.

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effect of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) cake (SSC) as a protein source by a partial replacement of soybean (Glycine max) meal (SBM) on diet stability and growth performance and some productive traits (final weight, total weight gain, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, feed conversion rates and condition factor) of common carp (C. carpio). The experiment consisted of ten treatments with two replications for each treatment, where SSC was used instead of SBM in three types of treatments: row, soaked and phytase enzyme addition in T1, T2 and T3 with three different substitution ratios 10%,20% and 30% in D1, D2 and D3 and treatment without SSC (control group) in T0D0 . The results showed that the diet stability was unaffected by inclusion different levels of SSC, while results of growth performance showed that the replacement of 30% SSC instead of SBM with the addition of phytase enzyme improved significantly (p≤0.05) all growth parameters and some productive traits (final weight, total weight gain, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, feed conversion rates and condition factor), In addition, the results showed that the use of sesame seed cake in raw or soaked form does not negatively affect the growth parameters of the fish. Therefore, sesame seed cake can be used as a cheap source of protein in common carps C. carpio diets.

In the present work, the scalable oil extraction strategy using a hybrid approach of soaking pretreatment, followed by ultrasound extraction has been studied. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is the emerging method for the extraction of oil from seeds, but the higher energy consumption is a major challenge associated with the scale-up. In the present study, the combined approach of pretreatment and ultrasound-assisted extraction has been explored to overcome this issue. The combined approach of oil extraction reduces the energy consumption from 7.063 kJ/gm of oil to 1.089 kJ/gm of oil and reduces the ultrasound treatment time from 15 min to 4 min when compared with ultrasound without pretreatment. The maximum oil extraction yield of 99.1% and treatment time of 4 min in a combined approach of heat soaking (70 °C, 60 min, 50% w/v solid loading) followed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (45 W, 4 min, and 50% duty cycle) makes the process a scalable approach for continuous oil extraction using flow cells. The required processing capacity of an ultrasound plant for processing 1-ton raw material per day is 2.777 kg/batch, which is 3.75 and 120.03 times as compared to ultrasound without pretreatment (10.416 kg/h) and Soxhlet method (333.33 kg/batch). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was intended to examine the influence of selected moisture levels (4.26, 12.66, 25.31, 37.89, 50.21% wet basis) on engineering properties namely, dimensional, gravimetric, frictional, aerodynamic as well as mechanical properties of five selected varieties of sesame seed namely GT‐3, GT‐4, GJT‐5, GT‐6, and TKG 22. The investigation finds out that fluctuations in moisture level significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the engineering properties assessed. Increase in moisture content influenced a rise in length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, volume, volumetric expansion coefficient, elongation ratio, flakiness ratio, surface area, projected area, thousand seeds weight, compressibility index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, terminal velocity and Reynolds number of selected sesame verities. Whereas, a reverse trend was observed in aspect ratio, true density, bulk density, tapped densities, drag coefficient, and hardness with moisture content variation. The frictional characteristic of the seed showed improved stability with less flow ability at higher moisture levels. These outcomes disclosed that variation of seed moisture content is authoritative during designing and construction of machinery and process equipment related to sesame. It may be also beneficial in computation of design for hoppers, silos, conveyors, drying, and heat transfer equipment as well as other sesame seed‐related process and handling equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Origin discrimination of sesame seeds is becoming one of the important factors for the sesame seed trade in Ethiopia as it influences the market price. This study was undertaken to construct accurate geographical origin discriminant models for Ethiopian sesame seeds using multi-element analysis and statistical tools. The concentration of 12 elements (Na, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, As and Pb) were determined in 93 samples which were collected from three main sesame seed-producing regions in Ethiopia, Gondar, Humera and Wollega. According to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the concentration of 10 elements showing a significant difference (p

Sesame is an important oil crop for the Ethiopian economy. However, the lack of adequate storage facilities results in significant losses of sesame seeds. This study was designed to compare the effects of storage conditions and the subsequent impact on sesame seed germination, mold growth, and mycotoxin accumulation over the storage period. The efficacy of two hermetic bags (1. Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags and 2. Super GrainPro (SGP) bags) was directly compared to sesame storage in polypropylene (PP bags) and Jute bags. Storage conditions (oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature, moisture content and relative humidity) of samples were analyzed in the laboratory in three replicates. Results showed that the oxygen concentrations dropped to 6.9% (±0.02) in PICS bags and 8.7% (±0.06) in SGP bags at the end of 6 months of storage. In non-hermetic bags Jute and PP), oxygen levels were close to atmospheric levels at 2-, 4-, and 6-month storage periods. In non-hermetic bags throughout storage, the amount of seed infection by mold constantly increased, and seed germination decreased. Sesame seeds stored in hermetic bags had 89.7% (±0.58) to 88.3% (±2.89) germination rates versus 61.67% (±2.08) for non-hermetic storage bags over the 6-month seed storage period. All mycotoxin levels increased over the same storage period, whereas comparative levels were much lower in hermetic bags after six months. Sesame seeds stored in both hermetic bags had the lowest level of tested mycotoxins, and levels among the SGP and PICS bags were not significantly different from one another. This study provides strong evidence indicating that hermetic storage structures such as PICS and SGP significantly affect temperature, humidity, moisture content, CO2 and oxygen levels resulting in the lowering of fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation and effectively preserving stored sesame without relying on synthetic pesticides in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most trace metals (essential and toxic metals) in very low concentrations are needed for living organisms, especially humans, but if they exceed the recommended limit, they can lead to toxicity in humans. The aim of this study was to determinate of concentration of 12 trace metals including; aluminium(Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), in 90 samples of sesame seeds from three varieties of black, yellow and white purchased from markets different cities of Iran (2019) using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. Also, Probabilistic risk assessment (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models include target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR) in the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. The recoveries estimated from 94% to 106%. The maximum mean value was obtained for Zn element (1707 ± 22 µg kg−1), while concentrations of Al and Hg were non-detected (ND). The concentration of five toxic metals Al, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb as average in sesame seed samples were reported as ND, 11.464 ± 1.71, 1.15 ± 0.04, ND and 16.14 ± 1.60 μg kg−1, respectively. Analyzes showed that no significant difference in the amount of trace metals between sesame varieties (black, brown and white). In most of the sesame seed samples, trace metals have been measured at lower levels than the standard limits. The results of MCS showed that the rank order of toxic metals based on 95% THQ index for both adults and children was As > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The uncertain analysis of human health risk (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) indicated that there is no serious risk (THQ >1 and CR >1E-4) for adults and children by ingestion of sesame seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame seeds are promulgated as traditional high-quality edible oil crops, rich in lipid (40–65%), protein (19–35%), and bioactive compounds. The review starts with bioactive components (fatty acid, tocopherol, phytosterol, sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) of sesame seeds. It considers processing techniques for extracting oil (aqueous extraction and pressing) from seeds. Novel technologies, such as enzyme-assisted aqueous, supercritical CO2, and microwave-assisted solvent extraction, are also discussed. The methods of utilization of sesame seed cake are also analyzed. In the future, the processing technology of sesame seed will be further developed in the direction of improving comprehensive utilization rate to meet new consumption demand.

Flaxseed (FS) and sesame seed (SS) are traditional and functional foods in traditional Indian medicine for treating various disorders. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of bioactive-fatty acids (FAs) from FS and SS against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rats. Pre and post-treatments for 28 consecutive days significantly increased the activities of in vivo antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX), whereas, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was markedly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in liver and kidneys. A significant reduction was observed in the hematological parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin in the serum of post-treated animals compared to the negative control. The results were confirmed histopathologically. The results suggested that the ω-3 and ω-6 FAs from flaxseed oil (FSO) and sesame seed oil (SSO), respectively, showed potential synergistic hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects that were mediated mainly by ω-3 and ω-6 FAs present in the respective seed oils. ALA and LA ω-3 and ω-6 FAs rich oils from FSO an SSO respectively, mitigated the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. The in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that the combination of FSO + SSO significantly increased the hepatic antioxidant enzymes like CAT, SOD, POX, and decreased MDA levels in the liver and kidneys of CCl4 induced rats. Co-treatment of FSO + SSO shown more synergistic antioxidant potential compared to their individual treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame seed hull is the major by-product of sesame seed processing and is rich in polysaccharides. In this work, sesame hull polysaccharides (SHP) were extracted by ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction methods with a yield of 6.49%. Three purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained after decolorization, deproteinization, and column chromatography. Then, their main composition and antioxidant activity were investigated. The dominant fraction was SHP-2 with a yield of 3.78%. It was composed of galacturonic acid (51.3%), glucuronic acid (13.8%), rhamnose (8.9%), glucose (8.4%), and others. The linkage types of SHP-2 have the α-D-GalpA-(1,4)-linked, α-D-GlcpA-(1,2)-linked, β-T-D-Rhap-linked, β-D-Glcp-(1,6)-linked, β-T-D-Galp-linked, α-L-Xylp-(1,4)-linked, α-L-Araf-(1,3,5)-linked, and β-D-Manp-(1,4)-linked. This study might provide some useful basic data for developing applications for sesame seed hull polysaccharides in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

The size of sesame seed particles has been measured and analysed to build a sesame seed particle model using the discrete element method (DEM). Despite the strength of simulations using the DEM method, one of the challenges that still require to be overcome is approximating the form of the actual particles, especially for irregular shapes, to obtain more realistic simulations. Thus, the sesame seed particle was simplified to be quite close to the actual seed forms by drawing an irregular 3D sesame particle model using Fusion 360 software with the average dimensions of five hundred randomly selected sesame seeds. Consequently, a modelling approach for sesame seed particles based on a multi-sphere (MS) method was suggested. In this paper, the simulated results of the sesame particle model were close to those obtained experimentally, with 28 filling spheres. The results for both piling tests and oscillating seed meter calibration have shown that the 28- sphere model is appropriate for modelling the sesame seed particle. Thus, the validity and feasibility of the modelling approach for sesame seed particles we proposed have been verified. Finally, the simulation analysis provided a good prediction for the outflow process of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter. The optimum values for the main parameters of the oscillating seed metering device for sowing sesame seeds are 9 mm for seed exit hole clearance, 20° for oscillation angle, and 0.022 sec for opening time, providing a sesame seed rate of 2.7 kg/ha. As a result, it provides a reference for the design and optimisation of oscillating seed meter for sowing sesame seeds.

The nutritional value and chemical composition of two non-shattering sesame varieties, NS610 and ND837, and two shattering varieties, LZ22 and ZZ37, all grown in the Huang-Huai region of China, were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. Differences in fat, ash, energy and carbohydrate content were significant (p < 0.05) between non-shattering and shattering sesame varieties. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by oleic acid. No significant difference in fatty acid and amino acid composition between non-shattering and shattering varieties was found (p > 0.05). Large amounts of Ca, K, Zn, and Mg were detected in all sesame samples, and ND837 contained the highest levels of Ca, K, and Zn. Non-shattering varieties contained more tocopherols, lignans, and oxalic acid compared to shattering varieties. In conclusion, the non-shattering varieties, NS610 and ND837, were close to or higher in nutritional value and chemical composition than the shattering varieties. This is important because non-shattering varieties can be harvested efficiently and cost-effectively by machine while traditional, shattering varieties must be harvested manually. [Display omitted] • Two non-shattering and two shattering sesame varieties from China were studied. • More tocopherols, oxalic acid, lignans were found in non-shattering sesame. • These are two excellent sesame varieties in chemical composition. • The data will be beneficial for the utilization of the non-shattering sesame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The size of sesame seed particles has been measured and analysed to build a sesame seed particle model using the discrete element method (DEM). Despite the strength of simulations using the DEM method, one of the challenges that still require to be overcome is approximating the form of the actual particles, especially for irregular shapes, to obtain more realistic simulations. Thus, the sesame seed particle was simplified to be quite close to the actual seed forms by drawing an irregular 3D sesame particle model using Fusion 360 software with the average dimensions of five hundred randomly selected sesame seeds. Consequently, a modelling approach for sesame seed particles based on a multi-sphere (MS) method was suggested. In this paper, the simulated results of the sesame particle model were close to those obtained experimentally, with 28 filling spheres. The results for both piling tests and oscillating seed meter calibration have shown that the 28-sphere model is appropriate for modelling the sesame seed particle. Thus, the validity and feasibility of the modelling approach for sesame seed particles we proposed have been verified. Finally, the simulation analysis provided a good prediction for the outflow process of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter. The optimum values for the main parameters of the oscillating seed metering device for sowing sesame seeds are 9 mm for seed exit hole clearance, 20° for oscillation angle, and 0.022 sec for opening time, providing a sesame seed rate of 2.7 kg/ha. As a result, it provides a reference for the design and optimisation of oscillating seed meter for sowing sesame seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sesame seed protein was electrophoretically separated through sodium dodecylesulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Electrophoretic banding homology among the genotypes was established not only through the banding pattern but also through estimation of dissimilarity percentage in protein profile. The advantage of SDS-PAGE is that the proteins are separated by their molecular weight and it has become one of the most widely used technique for storage protein separation. Freshly harvested seeds of 21 advance lines and their 8 parental lines were taken for the experiment of our study. The genetic diversity and the relationships among the 29 genotypes were evaluated using sodium dodecylesulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS --PAGE) which shows difference in number of bands, band width and intensity for different genotypes. It was possible to identify as many as 21 different bands and these can be easily visualized. Dendogram of 21 advance lines and their 8 parents based on SDS -- PAGE data using dissimilarity percentage was presented here. Mainly two clusters obtained from the dendrogram for all the 29 genotypes where cluster A forms 3 and cluster B forms 6 sub- clusters. Clustering pattern, size and constituents on the basis of electrophoretic banding pattern was independent of the same through the D² analysis on the basis of biochemical parameters and presence of distinct phylogenetic relationship could be recognized among the genotypes. The dissimilarity % in protein profile indicated that the B- 9 vs. adv. line 5, B-9 vs. adv. line 8, R -- 9 vs. adv. line 8, adv. Line 14 vs. adv.18, HT-1 vs. adv. 11 would be useful in identifying parents for heterosis breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work evaluated the functional properties of sesame protein fractions in order to determine their potential in food applications. Sesame seed protein fractions were prepared according to their solubility: water-soluble (albumin), salt-soluble (globulin), alkaline-soluble (glutelin) and ethanol-soluble (prolamin). Globulin was the most abundant fraction, consisting of 91% protein, followed by glutelin, albumin and prolamin in decreasing order. Non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed polypeptides of sizes ≥20 kDa for albumin while glutelin and globulin had similar polypeptide sizes at 19, 85 and 100 kDa. Prolamin had polypeptide sizes 20, 40 and 100 kDa. The albumin and globulin fractions had higher intrinsic fluorescence intensity (FI) values than the glutelin. Albumin had a higher solubility (ranging from 80 to 100%) over a wide pH range when compared with the other fractions. Water holding capacity (g/g) reduced from 2.76 (glutelin) to 1.35 (prolamin) followed by 0.42 (globulin) and 0.08 (albumin). Oil holding capacity (g/g) reduced from: 4.13 (glutelin) to 2.57 (globulin) and 1.56, 1.50 for albumin and prolamin respectively. Gelling ability was stronger for prolamin and glutelin than albumin and globulin, while higher emulsion (p

Sesame and black caraway seeds are important oil and medicinal grains that are small sized. The development of handling, processing, and storage facilities for the crops has been hampered by difficulties in measuring their geometric and gravimetric properties using Vernier caliper and micrometer screw gauge. Image analysis technique was chosen and applied in this study. Images of the seeds at different moisture levels were captured using a high resolution digital camera. The images in RGB were converted to Gray, then to Binary, and Noise was filtered, and the images subjected to threshold segmentation and analysis using LABVIEW software. Grain projected area and axial dimensions were determined. Volume was determined using liquid displacement. Dimensional analysis was used to select an appropriate grain shape as oblate spheroid. Calculated volume was obtained, and volume correction factor determined. One thousand grain mass was obtained using an electronic balance. Particle and bulk densities were determined using standard methods. Porosity was calculated using its relationship with particle and bulk densities. Results showed that as the moisture content of sesame and black caraway grains increased from 2.25% to 28.53% and 3.04% to 39.62%, respectively, the projected area, major and minor axes increased from 3.37 mm2 to 5.68 mm2, 0.3 mm to 0.452 mm and 0.287 mm to 0.45 mm (sesame), and from 1.041 mm2 to 5.136 mm2, 0.23 mm to 0.38 mm and 0.227 mm to 0.373 mm (caraway). In the above moisture ranges, volume and volume correction factor varied from 0.0214 mm3 to 0.0317 mm3 and 0.851 to 0.865 (sesame), and 0.01 mm3 to 0.0283 mm3 and 0.85 to 0.879 (caraway), respectively. W1000 increased from 2.9 to 3.875 g (sesame) and 2.644 to 3.78 g (caraway) while bulk and particle densities, and porosity decreased from 502.1 kg/m3 to 310.87 kg/m3, 828 kg/m3 to 378.4 kg/m3, and 39.4% to 17.85% for sesame, and from 560 kg/m3 to 269.8 kg/m3, 746.4 kg/m3 to 295.5 kg/m3, and 24.97% to 8.7% for caraway seed.

Sesame seed was defatted and subsequently fractionated into albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin. The defatted flour was also subjected to alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation to obtain protein isolate. The sesame seed protein isolate was hydrolyzed using a combination of pepsin and pancreatin to produce the protein hydrolyzate. The defatted flour, protein fractions, isolate and hydrolyzate were evaluated for their amino acid profiles as well as in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. The results showed that the glutelin fraction had higher amounts of essential amino acid (38.1%) when compared with albumin (35.6%), globulin (31.3%), prolamin (37.1%), protein isolate (37.1%) and protein hydrolyzate (36.7%). The defatted flour exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity while only the globulin, isolate and hydrolyzate exhibited superoxide radical scavenging activity. The defatted flour also had the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of 91.79%, although lower than the 95.93% for the control peptide (glutathione). The hydrolyzate had the strongest metal chelating activity (75.53%), while the isolate had the highest ferric antioxidant reducing power. The albumin was the most effective inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme and α-amylase with values of 30.04% and 29.44%, respectively. In contrast, renin activity was strongly inhibited (89.87%) by the isolate but acetylcholinesterase was weakly inhibited by the hydrolyzate (16.89%) and prolamin (16.29%). We conclude that the defatted flour and protein products are potential ingredients that could be incorporated into foods to extend shelf-life but also with potential bioactive properties.

The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of Bacillus clausii biostimulation on the phenolic profile of black sesame sprouts. Sesame seeds were treated with three bacterial concentrations (103, 105, and 107 CFU/mL) and then germinated. The phenolic compounds in the seeds were quantified and identified using UPLC-DAD-MS. Interactions between B. clausii and sesame seed surface were analyzed through attachment analysis and molecular docking. B. clausii-mediated biostimulation at 103, 105, and 107 CFU/mL increased the phenolic content by 93%, 83%, and 56%, respectively. The attachment of B. clausii to the seeds was presented at a range of 6–18%. Biostimulation could be involved in the synthesis of β-coumaric acid hexoside I and luteolin C-deoxyhexoside C-hexoside I and the increase in the levels of cinnamic acid (41.11-fold), protocatechuic acid (1.5-fold), xanthoxylol malonyl trihexoside (2.13-fold), hydroxysesamolin trihexoside II (2.10-fold), sesaminol trihexoside I (1.10-fold), and sesaminol trihexoside II (1.12-fold), compared with control sprouts. Levels of gentisic acid (1.49-fold), apigenin (1.34-fold), apigenin C-pentoside C-hexoside I (1.50-fold), hydroxysesamolin trihexoside I (1.48-fold), and pinoresinol dihexoside I (7.43-fold) increased during biostimulation compared with the seed control. The concentration of gluconic acid, a non-phenolic compound, was found to be increased 1.39-fold. Results from molecular docking studies revealed that binding energies for surfactin binding with galacturonic acid and xylose were − 3.6 and − 3.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, B. clausii-mediated biostimulation can be used to produce black sesame sprouts with high phenolic content and valuable phenolics to generate new sprout lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the formation mechanism of α-dicarbonyl compounds and glycation products in sesame seeds during roasting. The changes in the concentrations of sucrose, bound lysine, α-dicarbonyl compounds, N-ε-fructoselysine, N-ε-carboxymethyllysine and N-ε-carboxyethyllysine were observed in sesame samples roasted at 180, 200 and 220 °C for different time intervals to form a comprehensive kinetic model consisting of elementary steps for these products. Model results indicated that N-ε-carboxyethyllysine was originated from the reaction between methylglyoxal and bound lysine while N-ε-carboxymethyllysine formation was formed predominantly by the oxidation of N-ε-fructoselysine compared to the reaction of glyoxal with bound lysine. In addition, N-ε-fructoselysine was found to be mostly contributed to the formation of 1-deoxyglucosone, which was the most important precursor of methylglyoxal and diacetyl formation in roasted sesame seeds. 3-Deoxyglucosone and glyoxal were mainly formed from the glucose degradation. Among the reaction steps, the degradation of 1-deoxyglucosone was found to be the fastest one. In this study, the multiresponse kinetic modelling approach, which provided a better understanding the important pathways on the formation of advanced glycation end-products, was reported first in a real food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive potentials of sesame seed protein hydrolysate and its membrane ultrafiltration peptide fractions in comparison to the unhydrolyzed protein. Sesame seed protein isolate (SESPI) was prepared from the defatted sesame seed meal and then hydrolyzed using consecutive additions of pepsin and pancreatin to yield sesame protein hydrolysate (SESPH). The SESPH was subjected to membrane ultrafiltration consecutively to obtain fractions with peptide sizes of <1, 1–3, 3–5, and 5–10 kDa, respectively, which were then assayed for in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. The results showed that protein hydrolysis and fractionation led to significant (p <.05) increases in the content of hydrophobic amino acids. Radical scavenging and metal ion chelation were also significantly (p <.05) enhanced by these treatments. Inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was stronger with the 1.0 mg/ml of sesame peptide samples in comparison to the mild inhibitory effect exhibited by the 0.5 mg/ml of samples. The <1 kDa peptide fraction was the most active inhibitor (81%) against angiotensin converting enzyme, whereas the bigger peptides (>3–5 and 5–10 kDa) were the most effective (75%–85%) inhibitors against renin. These sesame products could be used as therapeutic agents in the development of health enhancing foods for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Practical applications: Bioactive peptides have been produced from plant protein sources through in vitro enzymatic activities. Sesame seed peptides have demonstrated multifunctional potential to act as antioxidative and antihypertensive agents that could be utilized as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame seed was defatted and subsequently fractionated into albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin. The defatted flour was also subjected to alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation to obtain protein isolate. The sesame seed protein isolate was hydrolyzed using a combination of pepsin and pancreatin to produce the protein hydrolyzate. The defatted flour, protein fractions, isolate and hydrolyzate were evaluated for their amino acid profiles as well as in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. The results showed that the glutelin fraction had higher amounts of essential amino acid (38.1%) when compared with albumin (35.6%), globulin (31.3%), prolamin (37.1%), protein isolate (37.1%) and protein hydrolyzate (36.7%). The defatted flour exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity while only the globulin, isolate and hydrolyzate exhibited superoxide radical scavenging activity. The defatted flour also had the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of 91.79%, although lower than the 95.93% for the control peptide (glutathione). The hydrolyzate had the strongest metal chelating activity (75.53%), while the isolate had the highest ferric antioxidant reducing power. The albumin was the most effective inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme and α-amylase with values of 30.04% and 29.44%, respectively. In contrast, renin activity was strongly inhibited (89.87%) by the isolate but acetylcholinesterase was weakly inhibited by the hydrolyzate (16.89%) and prolamin (16.29%). We conclude that the defatted flour and protein products are potential ingredients that could be incorporated into foods to extend shelf-life but also with potential bioactive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame and black caraway seeds are important oil and medicinal grains that are small sized. The development of handling, processing, and storage facilities for the crops has been hampered by difficulties in measuring their geometric and gravimetric properties using Vernier caliper and micrometer screw gauge. Image analysis technique was chosen and applied in this study. Images of the seeds at different moisture levels were captured using a high resolution digital camera. The images in RGB were converted to Gray, then to Binary, and Noise was filtered, and the images subjected to threshold segmentation and analysis using LABVIEW software. Grain projected area and axial dimensions were determined. Volume was determined using liquid displacement. Dimensional analysis was used to select an appropriate grain shape as oblate spheroid. Calculated volume was obtained, and volume correction factor determined. One thousand grain mass was obtained using an electronic balance. Particle and bulk densities were determined using standard methods. Porosity was calculated using its relationship with particle and bulk densities. Results showed that as the moisture content of sesame and black caraway grains increased from 2.25% to 28.53% and 3.04% to 39.62%, respectively, the projected area, major and minor axes increased from 3.37 mm2 to 5.68 mm2, 0.3 mm to 0.452 mm and 0.287 mm to 0.45 mm (sesame), and from 1.041 mm2 to 5.136 mm2, 0.23 mm to 0.38 mm and 0.227 mm to 0.373 mm (caraway). In the above moisture ranges, volume and volume correction factor varied from 0.0214 mm3 to 0.0317 mm3 and 0.851 to 0.865 (sesame), and 0.01 mm3 to 0.0283 mm3 and 0.85 to 0.879 (caraway), respectively. W1000 increased from 2.9 to 3.875 g (sesame) and 2.644 to 3.78 g (caraway) while bulk and particle densities, and porosity decreased from 502.1 kg/m3 to 310.87 kg/m3, 828 kg/m3 to 378.4 kg/m3, and 39.4% to 17.85% for sesame, and from 560 kg/m3 to 269.8 kg/m3, 746.4 kg/m3 to 295.5 kg/m3, and 24.97% to 8.7% for caraway seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the formation mechanism of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acrylamide in sesame seeds during roasting. Sesame seeds were roasted at 180, 200, and 220 °C for different time intervals, and changes in the concentration of sucrose, free amino acids, asparagine, 3-deoxyglucosone, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and acrylamide were monitored. Multiresponse kinetic modelling was used to develop a reaction model including possible ways of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acrylamide formation. According to this, sucrose degraded into glucose and fructofuranosyl cation under dry conditions and high temperatures during sesame roasting. The results of the kinetic model indicated that glucose mostly degraded to 3-deoxyglucosone formation and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation was mostly originated from fructofuranosyl cation. Additionally, acrylamide formation through the reaction of asparagine with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was kinetically important than its reaction with glucose or 3-deoxyglucosone. Multiresponse kinetic modelling provided understanding the roles of intermediates giving rise to the formation of acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in roasted sesame seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the oil contents, fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of sesame seed and oils belong to different countries were determined. The oil contents of materials changed between 49.22% (India) and 56.16% (Nigeria-Kanu). The major saturated fatty acids in sesame seed oils were palmitic (6.06-9.03%), stearic (5.29-6.42%) acids with small 20:0 (0.19-0.71%) acids. The main unsaturated fatty acids of sesame oil samples were linoleic (38.11-47.11%) and oleic (36.83-44.49%) acids. There was a significant difference in the amounts of the major fatty acids in the oil samples (P

It is proposed that sesame products affect oxidative stress, although the findings were inconsistent. This study aimed to summarize the effect of sesame seed and its fractions on oxidative stress parameters in human adults using systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2018 to identify relevant controlled clinical trials. Random effects model was used for calculating the overall effects. Fifteen clinical trials were eligible. Meta-analyses revealed that sesame consumption significantly increases enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) and non-enzymatic (vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and glutathione) antioxidants (P <.05). However, no significant effect was observed on malondialdehyde (MDA) (Hedges' g = −0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.70, 0.09; P =.078), total antioxidant capacity (WMD = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.19, 0.51; P =.365) and α-tocopherol (WMD = −0.33, 95% CI: −1.11, 0.45; P =.409) levels. It was shown that MDA levels significantly decreases only when sesame seeds were used for supplementation (Hedges' g = −0.74, 95% CI: −1.11, −0.36, P <.001). Sesame consumption is associated with improved oxidative status. High quality randomized controlled clinical trials from diverse regions are still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven lignans including four lignan glycosides and three lignans were isolated from 70% methanolic extract of defatted sesame seeds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by UV, 1H and 13C NMR, and HR-MS spectra. To overcome the difficulty and high cost for the preparation of lignans, the single reference standard method for the simultaneous determination of multi-components (SSDMC) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for simultaneous quantification of four lignin glycosides in sesame seeds. All four lignin glycosides had good linear concentration-measurement relationships (r2 ≥ 0.9992). The relative deviation of the method was less than 4.9% for intra- and inter-day assays and the average recovery varied from 93.3 to 101.2%. The method was also successfully applied to determine four lignan glycosides in eighteen white sesame seeds and ten black sesame seeds. The results demonstrated that the single reference standard method could be used for quality control of sesame seeds and related products since the reference standards are not commercially available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We attempted to identify the total proteome in sesame lipid droplets. Results from two-dimensional electrophoresis showed 139 protein spots in lipid droplet samples. Each spot was isolated, digested with trypsin, and applied to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (Q-Tof Premier). As a result, 103 spots were identified. Although oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin are known major components of the lipid droplet, many other proteins were also found in the lipid droplet. In addition to the three major proteins, TAG factor protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, F1 ATPase, 70-kDa heat shock protein, seed maturation protein PM24, and 11S globulin precursor isoforms 3 and 4 were found in the lipid droplet. Three types of oleosins, 15-, 15.5-, and 17-kDa were present in the sesame lipid droplet, and the 15.5-kDa oleosin had high homology with oleosin from Coffea canephora. It has been shown by acid phosphatase treatment that oleosin proteins contain phosphate groups. Protein disulfide-isomerase 2 precursor, calreticulin-1, and BiP, which are known as marker proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, were found as the components of the lipid droplet. Immunoconfocal microscopy was used to show that 11S globulin precursor isoform 3 and 4 were indeed localized in the lipid droplet. The presence of 11S globulin in the lipid droplets suggested a new mechanism for the lipid droplet formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of adding black cumin and sesame seed on the acceptability of Mudaffara cheese that preserved with or without its whey. The cheese was prepared from fresh cow's milk using two types of flavors; black cumin and sesame seed. The cheese was divided into four portions (800 grams each) and treated as follows: two portions were stored in the whey (cheese with black cumin and cheese with sesame) and the other two portions were stored without whey for 4 - 8 months. All cheese samples were packed into plastic bags and stored at the refrigerator temperature (8°C) and were subjected to evaluation of the organoliptic quality every week during the storage to monitoring their acceptability. The cheese samples stored without whey showed a shorter shelf life compared to those stored in the whey and were deteriorated at week 4. On the other hand, the samples stored in the whey showed significantly (P<0.001) longer shelf life that extended up to 7 weeks. The present study found that all Mudaffara cheeses showed changes in scores of appearance, flavor, taste, saltiness and texture during storage. Moreover all the cheese samples revealed high acceptability according to the panelists. Hence the present study concluded that sesame seeds can be used as additive for flavoring for Mudaffara cheese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant extracts are gaining more attention as therapeutic agents against inflammation. In this study, four different widely used herbals were selected, such as holy basil leaf, sesame seed, long pepper, and cubeb pepper. We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory action of an aqueous extract from these herbs and tested their effects on monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). MDMs were pre-treated with these extracts individually for 2 h, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 h and pro-inflammatory gene expression was analyzed. Also, we studied the effect of these extracts on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by enzymatic (Myeloperoxidase) and non-enzymatic (copper) reactions. All extracts attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and also were able to inhibit the oxidation of LDL. These beneficial actions of extracts led us to identify molecules present in the extracts. A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometric analysis was performed to identify the chemical composition of extracts. Wide range of molecules were identified across all the extracts, short-chain organic acids, phenolic acids and derivatives, piperine and its structural homologues, eugenol, rosmarinic acid, flavonoids and their glucosides, and others. This study opens a door for future studies on non-pharmacological natural therapeutics that will be useful for consumers and producers, as well as industries utilizing bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Sesamin and sesamolin were rapidly quantified in sesame seeds by HPTLC. • A green approach, compatible with EU Pharmacopoeia, was implemented. • Results were compared with a validated HPLC-PDA protocol. • HPTLC densitometry proves to be an effective alternative to HPLC-PDA. Abstract Sesamin and sesamolin constitute the main bioactive secondary metabolites of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L., Pedaliaceae). In the present work, a rapid HPTLC-based methodology was developed in compliance with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia for the quantification of these two lignans in sesame seeds. A comparative study was simultaneously performed with HPLC-PDA for assessing the sesamin and sesamolin content of diverse samples. Both methods were validated and the results were subsequently subjected to statistical analysis in order to compare their performance as well as to investigate possible correlations. The methods were shown to be adequately correlated in terms of performance, as revealed by Pearson's rank correlation coefficients (>0.99 for sesamin and >0.98 for sesamolin) and Bland-Altman analysis (relative method bias 0.06–0.21, SD of bias 0.05–0.07). HPTLC densitometry could thereby serve as a valid and reliable tool for the rapid determination of the major lignans in sesame seed samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidaemia is a life style disorder characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and also decreased HDL cholesterol levels which is turned into cardiovascular disease, a first leading cause of death in Worldwide. Lifestyle changes mainly healthy diet should be introduced to reduce the cardiovascular risk. Recent research on functional foods consumption for lipidlowering effects has been well established. Seeds of Vicia faba (SVf ) and sesame seeds (SSi) is one of the most popular foods due to high content of dietary fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytosterol, omega 3 fatty acids and other functional compounds. The study aimed to establish SVf and SSi as a powerful functional food for prevention and management of dyslipidemia. We formulated a normal diet (ND) and high lipid diet (HLD) for rats. HLD was formulated by increasing the 10.48%energy, 60.07%lipid, 100%cholesterol and 50% sucrose than ND. Rats were randomly divided into five groups fed ND, HLD, HLD+10%SVf dust,HLD+10%SSi dust and HLD + 5% SVf + 5% SSi of total food for 60 days. After 60 days of treatment, it was observed that there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and IL-18 levels but a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HDL-C, super oxide dismutase (SOD) & catalase activity in HLD in compared with ND and other treated groups. HLD induced dyslipidemia while SVf and SSi produced antidyslipidemic activity decreasing plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, MDA, IL-18 level and increasing HDL-C, SOD, and catalase. SVf and SSi combined feeding was potential synergistic effect and results suggest that this functional food consumption can prevent and management of dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame seeds are a functional food ingredient with vasoprotective, antioxidant, prebiotic, chondro- and osteoprotective characteristics. In this study, sesame seeds were used to enrich a cheese product. The dose, method and technological production stage of the cheese product in which to add sesame seeds were determined, in addition to the effect of sesame seeds on the product's quantitative indicators. The nutritional value of sesame seeds, their total amino acid and fatty acid compositions and microbiological parameters were evaluated, depending on the method of the filler temperature treatment. The appropriate heat treatment method was holding the functional component in milk at 73 ±2 °C for 25 min, followed by cooling to 30 ±2 °C. Adding the filler into the cheese mass before moulding the cheese head was determined as the appropriate technological step to introduce the previously prepared sesame seeds. The cheese product was found to have the best sensory characteristics at the 3% sesame seed dose compared with the doses of 1% and 5%. The cheese product enriched with sesame seeds can be recommended as a functional product for systematic consumption without restrictions for all groups in a healthy population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Steam explosion, an adiabatic expansion and conversion process of thermal energy into mechanical energy, was employed to extract oil from sesame seed. Steam explosion was performed with different pressure levels and retention time periods (2.0 MPa 10 s and 1.0 MPa 30 s). After pretreatment, petroleum ether as the solvent, oil yield was generally improved with the severity factor increased. Steam explosion resulted in micropores on the seed surface and made it rough. The kinetics of oil extraction from sesame seed showed when the severity factor raised, the oil yield increased and mass transfer coefficient decreased. In addition, GC–MS was used to analyze the change of fatty acid composition, and a few changes were observed. Our study suggests that steam explosion improved the oil extraction yield of sesame seed, and the quality of oil was slightly changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of superheated steam and convectional roasting at 150-250°C for 5-20 mins on color changes and fat quality of the sesame seeds and its oils. Color measurements and chemical analyses were conducted to analyze the quality attribute of the roasted sesame seeds and its oils. The use of superheated steam roasting showed a great impact on overall color changes in the sesame seeds and its oils. The different roasting time at 250°C significantly (p < 0.05) affected the color values of sesame oils during superheated steam roasting. Linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid and butyric acid found in roasted seeds in both roasting methods. Significant (p < 0.05) differences existed for the fatty acids of conventional roasted sesame oil at 250°C at 20 and 25 mins. The p-anisidine value of sesame oil prepared from the superheated steam roasted sesame seeds was lower than conventional roasting sample at 250°C for 20 mins. The methods of superheated steam and conventional roasting significantly (p < 0.05) affected the p-anisidine values of sesame oils at 250°C for 20 and 25 mins. The p-anisidine value of oils obtained from the superheated steam roasted sesame seeds increased with the extension of roasting times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to determine the mineral contents and their hazardous level and associated health risk assessments in Sesame indicum Linn. seed samples grown in Ethiopia. To determine some selected metals (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Cu and Zn) in the samples, flame atomic absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used, and for the determination of phosphorus, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer was used. The health risk assessment via consumption of S. indicum Linn seed has been conducted through evolution of estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values. The estimated daily intake (EDI) levels for male adults varied between 0.0511 μ g/kg/day to 0.829 μ g/kg/day, whereas for female adults were 0.0471 μ g/kg/day to 0.125 μ g/kg/day. The values of target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) for male and female adult consumers in the studied sites were less than one (< 1), indicates that there is no serious health risk for adults by the ingestion of S. indicum Linn seed. • Sesamum Indinu Linn. seed in study area contains good nutritional values. • Mineral contents of the S. Indinum Linn. are within the set of standard limits. • The EDI, THQ values indicate that S. indicum Linn seed is free of health risk problem. • The MPI value indicates low -contamination of S. indicum Linn seed in the study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]