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Copyright of Journal of Arabic Language Sciences & Literature / Maǧallaẗ ʻUlūm Al-Luġaẗ Al-ʻArabiyyaẗ Wa-Ādābi-hā is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ecological psychologist James J. Gibson defined the notion of affordances to refer to what action possibilities environments offer to animals. In this paper, we show how (artificial) agents can discover and exploit affordances in a Multi-Agent System (MAS) environment to achieve their goals. To indicate to agents what affordances are present in their environment and whether it is likely that these may help the agents to achieve their objectives, the environment may expose signifiers while taking into account the current situation of the environment and of the agent. On this basis, we define a Signifier Exposure Mechanism that is used by the environment to compute which signifiers should be exposed to agents in order to permit agents to only perceive information about affordances that are likely to be relevant to them, and thereby increase their interaction efficiency. If this is successful, agents can interact with partially observable environments more efficiently because the signifiers indicate the affordances they can exploit towards given purposes. Signifiers thereby facilitate the exploration and the exploitation of MAS environments. Implementations of signifiers and of the Signifier Exposure Mechanism are presented within the context of a Hypermedia Multi-Agent System, and the utility of this approach is presented through the development of a scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to discuss the changes in the conception of language in Jacques Lacan’s teaching based on the transformation of its minimum element, the signifier. We will begin by reconstructing the first definition of the signifier that we find in the Seminar of the 1950s with anthropological-linguistic structuralism, approaching its transformation at the beginning of the 1960s with the introduction of the unary trait. In this paper, we will try to extract each comprehension of language that follows or are derived from the different definitions of signifier. Doing so, we will indicate the solidarity between the element and the structure, that is, how the properties of one interfere in the consistency of the other and how, in the change operated by Lacan on the element, a modification is extracted in the structuring of language.

"Smart Phonemes" provides an account of the arguments and achievements of the several expanded roundtable essays collected here together with the posthumous essay by Geoffrey Hartman. It situates Smart's work and the attendant essays within a dialectical play of "then" and "now," a dialectic already operative in Smart's oeuvre, a body of work whose sense of immediacy is enabled partly by its distinctive language underscoring and playing with its materiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Статья посвящена вопросам исследования смысловой структуры единиц с логически несовместимыми компонентами (ЕЛНК). Целью работы является анализ смыслообразования ЕЛНК и описание их смысловой структуры.Для достижения данной цели были отобраны и проанализированы единицы с логически несовместимыми компонентами (гиперболы и литоты) из поэтических произведений В.В. Маяковского.На основе метода когнитивно-семантического анализа выявлены основные особенности смысловой структуры единиц с логически несовместимыми компонентами.В статье выявлены отличительные признаки ЕЛНК; разъяснено, в каком значении используется термин «смысл»; определены и проанализированы отличия терминов «значение» и «смысл»; выявлено, в каком случае может формироваться значение ЕЛНК; раскрыт термин «смыслообразование»; дано определение смысловой структуры ЕЛНК; проанализированы посредством метода когнитивно-семантического анализа средства выразительности с ЕЛНК на примере поэтических произведений В.В. Маяковского; выявлено строение денотата ЕЛНК; определены и проанализированы различия денотатов ЕЛНК по степени сложности; доказано, что в смысловой структуре ЕЛНК денотат неразрывно связан с сигнификатом; даны различные определения терминов «сигнификат» и «денотат»; доказано, что в результате смыслообразования ЕЛНК формируется смысловая структура, состоящая из денотативного и сигнификативного макрокомпонентов.

In this article, the author presents a multimodal discourse analysis of a student-produced video, drawing upon Jacques Derrida's theorization of différance. He analyzes the film as a signifying chain, drawing specifically upon the differing and deferring aspects of différance in order to conceptualize the movement of signification in the video. The focus of his analysis is on how différance, as a constitutive force, splits and divides attempts to discursively construct a present through coordination of signifiers from across multiple modes. His application of différance illustrates how the present, as constructed in the focal video, is ill-defined and always blurred since presently occurring, visible, and audible signifiers in the video do not signify in and of themselves, but rather refer to past signifiers and anticipate future signifiers for their constitution as they engage the dynamic and complex operations of différance. This analysis adds to approaches to multimodal discourse analysis of student-produced videos by accounting for the interaction of visual, actional, bodily, and spoken signifiers, as well as the pedagogical implications for understanding how discursive agencies act upon student video-composers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to combine the structural and comparative historical methods of symbol research. This is its scientific novelty, since modern symbolology is dominated by studies of a structural and semiotic nature and there is a clear lack of works that address the issue of the symbol's dependence on specific cultural and historical epochs. The author clarifies the concepts of the denoting and denoted symbol in the context of the ideas of linguistic conceptology and narratology, and also explores the problem of the conditionality of the meaning of the symbol and the means of its embodiment in the text by the artistic method and the type of narrative corresponding to it. The article proves that in realist prose the symbolic image is multifunctional. Firstly, it appears as an element of a landscape or interior description. Secondly, it performs a conceptual function, correlating its deep meaning with the main idea of the work. Thirdly, it plays a role in the development of the plot, in particular, it anticipates a significant and often unexpected turn within it. Fourthly, if it functions in the character's speech, it becomes one of the means of characterization, since the ability to perceive, comprehend and experience the symbolic meaning of an image is always evidence of the beginning of the character's spiritual insight. As for the symbolist, in particular ornamental, prose with its characteristic weakening of the plot, the symbol here has a completely different meaning. Firstly, it performs the function of a leitmotif - a figurative characteristic of the character, which is constantly repeated, because it expresses their essence. At the formal level, the function of symbols-leitmotifs is to organize the coherence and integrity of a literary text, which in realistic prose is ensured by the cause-and-effect relationships between the events that organize the plot. The author emphasises that these differences are due to the peculiarities of the worldview on which the respective artistic methods are based.

The study was conducted at the intersection of semiotics, linguoculturology and linguopoetics of the text and is devoted to one of the urgent issues - the identification, semantic description and linguistic representation of one of the significant symbols of national mythological thinking - WIND. The purpose of the study is to present a model of the symbolic structure of the symbol WIND and to consider its linguistic transformation in the novel «Doctor Zhivago». The main research method is a semantic-semiotic description of the symbolic structure of the symbol WIND in the categories of signifier A and signified B. By symbol’s semantics we mean the peculiarities of its linguistic embodiment and, as a consequence, the emergence of the author’s transformation of the general cultural symbolic code of a word. The signifier of the symbol - the sensual image of the air flow - in the text can be semanticized both by the words wind, blizzard, storm, etc., and by different syntactic constructions. The signified is a number of symbolic meanings which have developed in the culture of the people as a result of the mythological identification of the air element of nature and man. As a result of the study, five symbolic meanings were found, for the objectification of which dictionary data and folklore texts were used: 1) WIND→SPIRIT, SOUL, 2) WIND→ BIRTH AND DEATH OF A PERSON, 3) WIND→WORD, MESSAGE, 4) WIND→EVIL, MAGIC, 5) WIND→LIFE. In the text, each of these general cultural meanings is transformed into a system of events and characters of the novel. So, the second meaning is represented by four variants of the signified: ‘death of Zhivago’s mother’, ‘birth of a son’, ‘death of Antipov’, ‘death of Yuri Zhivago’. The most frequent in the representation of the two-component structure of the symbol are ascending gradation series, indicating the growth of wind power and its transformation into rain or blizzard. At the same time, a gradation series of words unfolds, conveying the dynamics of the psychological or physical state of the hero. The symbolic meaning is often actualized with the help of other symbols whose signified duplicates the wind symbol. The result of the study is the conclusion about the ambivalent nature of the symbol WIND, which occurs at key moments in the of Yuri Zhivago’s life. The wind is life itself in its mystical understanding like immortality.

In his text, the author develops the notion of trust as a condition for the possibility of any relational anthropology. Referring to the root associated with trust as the foundation of the relationship, he takes a position in the dispute about the primal nature of trust or perfidy; believes that in the abusive practices of credit and debt there is a reversal of the meaning of what is a necessary element of human life, relationships based on trust. Perfidy is possible precisely because there is trust. On the basis of such concepts, he develops an analysis of events in the global economy at the turn of the 20th and 21th century, especially the financialization, based on the ideas of such authors as Arrighi, Bourdieu, Eichegreen, Pobłocki and Stiegler but also Lacan.

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The regulations of generative AI, typified by ChatGPT and Sora, have become one of the most influential alternative technological imaginaries. Developed by states and civil society groups, such regulations are triggering a broad range of social actors seeking to nominalize the AI-related behavior. Against this backdrop, this study starts with interrogating the semiotic character of generative AI. Do these regulations support the AI futures, or do they involve a mere change in the social actors who benefit from the technological status quo? To answer this question, this study examines the rhetoric and realization of AI regulations by the European Union and the United States. The findings reveal a degree of AI regulatory alignment between the European Union and the United States, but these two jurisdictions also highlight and predict some structural challenges. Drawing upon the concept of panopticism by Foucault, the study explores the foundational origins of challenges by dissecting the (in)visibility of AI power. It underscores the necessity of regulating the power of the unseen and proposes a synthetic generative AI regulatory framework. We finally conclude that the integrity of sociosemiotics and panopticism provides a productive and paramount framework for understanding the powerful new capacities of AI-related regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a recent book on Derrida and psychoanalysis, I return to the controversy between Lacan and Derrida in the 1970s. Its focus was the letter as interpreted by Lacan in a commentary of Poe's "Purloined Letter". While agreeing with some of Derrida's objections, I conclude that Lacan makes stronger points about the destination of the letter. I give my own example, Kafka's "Letter to the Father" in order to argue that one can state that "a letter always reaches its destination" even if it has not been delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Would western defined security be an African security and would this reproduce, or develop, from indigenous African ontologies, so that African understanding of security and violence could actually bestow to the global peacekeeping actions? Considering this research question, focused on the understanding of security and violence in an African postcolonial and maybe de-colonial taxonomy, the present paper invites to reflect on the evolution of the concepts of security and violence in African scholarships, their connections with the sustainable African social development narratives that seem to monopolize the space of debates in African Studies. Moreover, the intentions are to explore the disruptions between the need for peace and the narratives of struggle in the context of a critical resistance to the global connecting and disconnecting biases that define the conceptual "security" and "violence". This content analysis and critical look on the becoming of the term of violence, at the base of a typical evolution of the term security, in African literature or African focused debates, might contribute to defining that security and violence are floating terms, their understanding in an African taxonomy should be Africanized, being highlighted that security includes violence as inner boosting element, that allows for the two to be in a strange relationship, recalling for attentive consideration and critics on the application of Western inspired peacekeeping actions that do not take into account specific conditions such as territory and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a qualitative investigation to study and analyze the meanings of the Patuxai Monument in Vientiane, Laos, in the context of the historical and sociocultural dimensions of Laos from 1957 to the present. The researchers used the concept of semiology by Ferdinand de Saussure to explain the Patuxai Monument as signifier and signified. Data was gathered from documentary review and field study in Vientiane. Findings show that Patuxai Monument has been used as a symbol that gives multiple meanings according to the political ideology of the period. Three distinct periods are identified when Patuxai had unique architectural identities, but it also grew as a symbolic structure signifying the economic and social relationships connecting Laos and the international world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia y Psicosomática is the property of Instituto de Estudios Psicosomaticos & Psicoterapia Medica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the relevance that the notion of meaning presents for language studies, this article reviews the seminars and writings of Jacques Lacan with the aim of analyzing the ways in which the French psychoanalyst uses this term. We seek to review the different conceptualizations that are built around meaning to establish some points of dialogue with the approach with which discourse analysis operates. This work allows us to identify four time periods in which different theoretical frameworks are located around this category: 1953-1957, in which meaning is thought in relation to the formations of the unconscious; 1957-1964, in which it is articulated with the signifying chain and the Other; 1964-1974, in which it is differentiated from significance and characterized as a semblant, and, finally, 1974-1977, in which he is distinguished from the Real. These moments show certain continuities with respect to the elaborations that are interwoven, but also significant ruptures: while the reference to meaning as failed --by definition, all-meaning is never achieved-- remains throughout the teachings, in the last years, a leak of meaning is located that refers to a beyond, anchored in the Real, which is outside the discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SED Journal of Art Education is the property of SADA Enstitusu - Artsurem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lacan papers reading is difficult and often disappointing. His technique, using shortening of sessions as a way of interpreting transference ("scansion") is unacceptable. His great project of create a united structural theory of psychoanalysis, linguistic and anthropology has failed. However, his works on transference are worth being red. Lacan has reminded psychoanalysts that they are "divided subjects", meaning that their unconscious remains unconscious to themselves, that they have to listen to themselves as much as they have to listen to their their patients; he has rediscovered the importance of après-coup, already stressed by Freud, but often forgotten; and above all, he has rediscovered the importance of words in transference interpretation, showing the importance of the link between two signifiers, more than the link between signifier and signified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on issues related to the arbitrary and non-arbitrary nature of the linguistic signs (monolexical and polylexical), the types and cases of linguistic motivation and the criteria of lexical denomination. Several issues regarding to stable polylexical units have been analysed from the motivational perspective: the genesis, existence and use of linguistic signs, whose signifiers are expressed by stable polylexical units, two types of semantic motivation (metaphorical motivation and symbol-based motivation) and intertextuality as a specific type of motivation. In the course of its history, each figurative expression has undergone its own evolution. In this context, the task of linguistic research is not only to identify the productive motivational links that affect the functioning of figurative expressions in actual discourse, but also to describe their true etymology.

The rapid development of the era has made changes in various aspects of life, including the way of communication. One of the things the company does to communicate its message to its target audience is through advertising on Instagram social media. This article was created to analyze the signifiers and signified in advertisements, especially those published by Gojek on Instagram on 15 and 17 October 2021 using the Ferdinand de Saussure sign approach. This study uses qualitative methods to conduct research in collecting and analyzing data. The study finds 35 signifiers in 3 ads published on 15 October and 13 signigiers in 2 ads published on 17 October. October 2021.

This article aims to study the semiotics of titling in Hassan Al-Zahrani's Poetry collection entitled "Iltibas"; Title in modern poem is given great importance due to the fact that it is considered the key of entering the text world, hence discovering its depths, and structural relations. Much is also understood through the title, specifically the poem's conspicuous and subtle semantic structures and dimensions. In the semiotic approach, along with its modern tools, the poem's title helps the reader grasp the intended theme the poet wants to deliver and how much it reflects the text's internal components. The semiotic approach is the most appropriate method for revealing the symbolic connotations the text hides, thus binding its inter-structural relations and making it multi-readings. This approach amalgamates the main title and its deep and surface structures, revealing their relations to the internal subtitles. The study concludes that there are symbolic connotations revealed by the titling discourse in the poetic discourse in various contexts. it also concludes that the semantics of the subtitles also is closely connected to the semantics of the main title, leaving a concrete impression of their consistency, and harmony. However, the definite verbless sentence indicates steadiness, and the indefinite one the breadth and commonness of most of the titles of the Divan. The title is found to be a source of temptation for the recipient, urging him/her to interpret its connotations and revelations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, the term unplaceable [incasable] belongs to the field of child protection. It seeks to place [caser] those subjects who present certain characteristics, among which is violence. This is an epistemological paradox, placing the unplaceable, which we will investigate through the case study of Pierre, who demonstrates the core of what we might otherwise call the unclassifiable unplaceable. Starting from binary logic and the imperative for violence, our objective is to propose a clinical practice of the condition, based on a psychoanalytic perspective. This approach is particularly pertinent for those subjects who, unable to subjectify themselves, desubjectify through violence and acting out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the discussion about the linguistic sign proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure, this study aims to explore fundamental concepts of this linguist's theory, focusing on the Course in General Linguistics, with the objective of sustaining a reinterpretation of the significant portion, encompassing three aspects: articulatory, acoustic, and representational. Based on the reading of the main Saussurian works, as well as works by linguists who focus on this theory, we used the concepts of unity, value, and the arbitrary, with emphasis on the relative arbitrary, to sediment this linguistic discussion, regarding the asymmetry of the sign and the influence of the signifier in the composition of the unit, and to substantiate the triune aspect of the signifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Kosuth’s “One and Three Chairs” is considered the materialization of his 1969 essay “Art after Philosophy”, where he defined Conceptual Art, in which Meaning relied solely in its authors mind, expressed through a tireless repetition. Although this kind of reiteration could become means for an understanding, the fact that no effort was made (so to speak) in explaining one’s personal views, deprived the observer of the needed resources for its interpretation. Here lies a dilemma where Conceptual Art can be criticised, since, if an artist can hide behind the observer’s lack of understanding, he can, in fact, propose something that, also for him, is devoid of meaning. This is why Kosuth’s work may consist not in the materialization of Conceptual Art itself, but in the defence that at the foundation of an artist's work there must be strong ethical values, manifested precisely through a correlation between Sign, Signifier and Signified, in which “One and Three Chairs”, and his subsequent work, repeatedly dwells, defending the expression of an honesty that should guide Conceptual Art, in its own defence, but also of its authors’ and appreciators’ defence.

At the time when Saussure or Pierce were propounding and formulating their ideas about the relationship between a concept and the multiple ways they can be referred to, the world was still going through the extended effects of the industrial revolution. The world was still connecting and finding out that there could be multiple ways of referring to most concepts around us. But fast forward a hundred years and the world has changed a lot. Concepts have changed and we now live in an earth which is more connected than ever and new ‘languages’ keep cropping up once in a while. The concept of sign propounded has had a big role to play in the structure of language, at least from a theoretical point of view. The idea of sign has evolved over time and this paper presents a discussion of the relationships between signifiers and signifieds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Freud proposed that slips of the tongue, including apparently simple ones, always have a sense and constitute « a half-success and a half-failure » compromise resulting from defensive mechanisms. Material and methods: A total of 55 subjects participated in a French adaptation of the Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Predisposition or SLIP-technique including 32 “neutral” and 32 taboo spoonerisms and measures of defensiveness. In accordance with a psychoanalytical and empirically supported distinction, we considered two kinds of defenses: elaborative or primary process and inhibitory or secondary process defenses, which were operationalized with the GeoCat and the Phonological-Nothing (PN) WordList, respectively. The GeoCat is a validated measure of primary process mentation and the PN WordList was shown to measure the defensive avoidance of language ambiguity. Results: Participants produced 37 slips, with no significant difference in the number of “neutral” and taboo slips. The GeoCat and the N/PN parameters explained 30% of the variance in the production of parapraxes, confirming the defensive logics of slips. When dividing the population into lowly and highly defensive participants (with the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability scale), primary process mentation appears as a baseline default defense, but only highly defensive participants mobilize an additional inhibitory secondary process type of defense. Taking into account the a priori difference between taboo and “neutral” parapraxes, highly defensive participants made 2.7 times more taboo parapraxes than lowly defensive participants. However, if “neutral” parapraxes in both subgroups followed the same logic as the total group of parapraxes (significant contribution of primary process mentation in lowly defensives and of primary and secondary process mentation in highly defensives), these measures had no contribution to explain the occurrence of taboo parapraxes. Conclusion: We propose that Motley et al.’s prearticulatory editor, ensuring the censorship over taboo parapraxes, is an external instance of inhibition, proximal to uttering, equivalent to the censorship between the systems Preconscious and Conscious in Freud’s metapsychology. By contrast, the defenses measured in this research are internal, intimate control systems, probing for the censorship between the systems Unconscious and Preconscious, this is, for repression. This study contributes to support a psychodynamic explanatory model for the production of parapraxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a recent book on Derrida and psychoanalysis, I return to the controversy between Lacan and Derrida in the 1970s. Its focus was the letter as interpreted by Lacan in a commentary of Poe’s “Purloined Letter”. While agreeing with some of Derrida’s objections, I conclude that Lacan makes stronger points about the destination of the letter. I give my own example, Kafka’s “Letter to the Father” in order to argue that one can state that “a letter always reaches its destination” even if it has not been delivered.

The study of the relationship between speech and meaning has a serious impacton the finding of the manifestation and analysis of the coining of the word. One ofthe controversial issues in this regard is that verbal signification is a factor of thespeaker’s will. For instance, if the speakers utters a word in sleep, does it connoteto its meaning, or, just by hearing a word, although there is no will to make thelistener understand its meaning, signification is formed? Avicenna (Abu Ali Sina)argues that signification is a factor of the will that has been criticized by scholars.There are two claims to prove his argument. First, coining for a speech that isnot meant by the speaker is invalid. Hence the coiner has coined the word onlyfor the meaning of what he intends. Second, will is effective in the significationof the truth. Hence, without will, signification does not hold true. However, boththe arguments have been questioned by some scholars. The present study is anattempt to explain and critically study the main controversy with emphasis onthe nature of signification and its commitment to knowledge based on ImamKhomeini’s viewpoint about signification. The findings of the study show thatAvicenna’s argument is valid.

The present article investigates Emily Dickinson's poem "I taste a liquor never brewed" and aims to solve the confusion of scholars that struggled to specify the precise meaning of some of the terms in the text and fully appreciate the psychic dynamics of it in terms of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The first question the article asks is how is 'desire' represented, and the second is whether the speaker of the poem longs for an 'Other jouissance.' In Seminar XX, Lacan defines Other jouissance as the most intense and ineffable kind and equals it to the jouissance of the mystics. Desire, in Lacanian teachings, is unattainable and an inevitable consequence of language. The famous Lacanian maxims "desire is the desire of the Other," and the "Other is the treasure trove of signifiers" indicate that desire could be represented through signifiers. The article integrates These Lacanian notions in Paul Ricoeur's three-staged hermeneutic Arc, which consists of 1) explanation, 2) understanding, and 3) appropriation. The poem will undergo these three stages of interpretation. By the end of the last stage, the world of the text is appropriated by the selected Lacanian notions. The results of the study are the following: 1) the poem is unique in displaying what Lacan termed 'Other jouissance,' 2) it demonstrates an intense desire for a supreme being—the Other, 3) desire is explicitly named in the poem: it is manifested explicitly in the words ‘liquor," tankards," Alcohol," inebriate," debauchee," drams," drink," little tippler.'

The difficulties in classifying family names such as dad, mom, uncle, son, etc., as proper names or common names, take on a new dimension if we integrate, on the one hand, certain uses of undetermined common names such as baby (ex: If mom is okay, baby is okay), and on the other hand some uses of undetermined trademark names (ex: Stay zen, Twingo keeps the brake pressure automatically). The main objective of this article is to use these examples to bring about some changes in the theories of proper names and common names. Starting from Alan Gardiner’s proposal, which gives a central role to proper names’ signifiers, and adding the concept of «validity sphere» inspired by Benoit de Cornulier, this work lays the foundations of a unified description.

IntroductionFreud proposed that names of clinically salient objects or situations, such as for example a beetle (Käfer) in Mr. E’s panic attack, refer through their phonological word form, and not through their meaning, to etiologically important events—here, “Que faire?” which summarizes the indecisiveness of Mr. E’s mother concerning her marriage with Mr. E’s father. Lacan formalized these ideas, attributing full-fledged mental effectiveness to the signifier, and summarized this as “the unconscious structured as a language”. We tested one aspect of this theory, namely that there is an influence of the ambiguous phonological translation of the world upon our mental processing without us being aware of this influence.MethodsFor this, we used a rebus priming paradigm, including 14 French rebuses, composed of two images depicting common objects, such as paon /pã/ “peacock” and terre /tεr/ “earth,” together forming the rebus panthère /pãtεr/ “panther.” These images were followed by a target word semantically related to the rebus resolution, e.g., félin “feline,” upon which the participants, unaware of the rebus principle, produced 6 written associations. A total of 1,458 participants were randomly assigned either to Experiment 1 in which they were shown the rebus images in either forward or in reverse order or to Experiment 2, in which they were shown only one of both rebus images, either the first or the last.Results and discussionThe results show that the images induced inadvertent rebus priming in naïve participants. In other words, our results show that people solve rebuses unwittingly independent of stimulus order, thereby constituting empirical evidence for the mental effectiveness of the signifier.

Copyright of China Terminology is the property of China Terminology Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Guillermo de Ockham is the property of Revista Cientifica Guillermo de Ockham, Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay argues that a specifically psychoanalytic theory of solidarity underscores its symbolic dimension. While other traditions conceive solidarity as primarily action or affect, psychoanalytic emphases on free association, punctuation, and construction opens onto a theory of solidarity as a practice of the signifier. Words are the mediators that incite subjects to collaborate. The embrace of this mediating capacity poses a corrective to theories that romanticize the unrepresentability of political will or political goals. Considering Freud's and Lacan's specifications for talking in the clinic, the essay also takes up the example of the Hollywood film Pitch Perfect, which understands multivocal speech in music as a venue for solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the figures of metaphor and metonymy in Moniza Alvi's poetry using Jacques Lacan's Psychoanalytic theory of language and identity formation. Critics view Alvi’s poetry as an expression of an alienated and fragmented consciousness. Her constant reference towards Pakistan and its culture is viewed as an attempt to reconnect with her lost past. These approaches attempt to explain her poetry within the context of diaspora studies. However, a psychological analysis of the figures of metaphor and metonymy in Alvi’s poetic language reveals a completely different layer of meaning. By applying Lacanian framework on selected poems of Moniza Alvi, the study presents Alvi’s poetry as an allegory of a Poststructuralist subject lost in the labyrinth of language. It has been argued that Alvi's constant attempt at reconnecting with her birthplace through poetic representation falls short of evoking a real place. The analysis of figurative language in Alvi’s poetry reveals how Alvi's poetic language is caught up in a constant sliding of signifiers in a metonymic chain and the result is a fragmented representation of a lost object. It has also been argued that the author is not consciously involved in this metonymic game of language; language shapes her subjectivity as much as it shapes her poetic language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signifier is regarded as a crucial part of interface design since it ensures that the user can manage the device appropriately and understand the interaction that is taking place. Useful signifiers keep users' attention on learning, but poorly designed signifiers can disrupt learning by slowing progress and making it harder to use the interface. The problem is that prior research identified the qualities of signifiers, but their attributes in terms of being visually apparent in broad interaction areas were not well recognized. Implementing the signifier without sufficient visual features such as a picture, figure or gesture may interfere with the user's ability to navigate the surface, particularly when dealing with domains that demand "leisure exploration," such as those in culture and heritage, and notably the museum application. As technology has evolved and expanded, adopting a multi-touch tabletop as a medium of viewing should be advantageous in conserving cultural heritage. As technology advances and improves, employing a multi-touch tabletop as a public viewing medium should be advantageous in maintaining cultural heritage. Some visual elements should be incorporated into the signifier to produce a conspicuous presentation and make it easier for users to identify. In this study, a preliminary study, a card sorting survey, and a high-fidelity experiment were used to investigate users' experience, perspective, and interpretation of the visual signifier of the museum interface for large displays. This work offered a set of integrated visual signifiers on a big multi-touch display that makes a substantial contribution to supporting navigation and interaction on a large display, therefore aiding comprehension of the exhibited information visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a brief analysis of the ideas of the 20th century thinkers M. Foucault and J. Derrida in relation to the ideas of structuralism and poststructuralism, their similarity, difference and development of the discourse of structuralism as the main direction of socio-philosophical thought in Europe of the 20th century. Researchers identify several major milestones in connection with the development of structuralist thought, as well as the key authors of this direction of thought. Purpose: to consider structuralism and poststructuralism from the standpoint of the development of socio-philosophical discourse, as well as changing the concept of structure and the role of the subject and his place in the concept of structure. Method and methodology of the work: historical, phenomenological and dialectical research methods were used. Results: structuralism proclaims decentralization and deautonomization of both the structure itself and the subjects included in it, noting that the person of society is not a structure with a certain center, they are structures of structures. This is the main difference in the definition of the meaning of being of self-sustaining structures both in society and in the person himself between structuralist and poststructuralist discourse. Field of application of the results: the results obtained can be used in the study of modern social and cultural processes.

In the article analyzes the origin of Chinese ritualism based on the ideas expressed by well-known Sinologist V.V. Malyavin. The ceremoniality of Chinese culture, which has survived to the present day, is often presented to Europeans as a "relic of the past", a "retarding" mechanism in the civilization of Celestial. The author also demonstrates the fallacy of such beliefs and the closeness of some of the oldest complexes of the Chinese mentality and the postmodern mentality. In parallel, the basic foundations of the European and Chinese consciousness / unconscious are traced: cosmos and emptiness; man and the world as substances and as networks; the ratio of the signifier and the signified, the idea of true reality as such in European and Chinese traditions.

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relevant to the emerging field of semiotic cultural psychology theory (SCPT), the present paper considers 'We', 'Us', 'I' and 'Me' as semiotic and cultural psychology phenomena. Drawing on the semiotics of Saussure, Peirce, Jakobson, and Cousins, a semiotic dynamic 'double-dyadic' model of the signifier and the referent is proposed. For each 'We', 'Us', 'I' and 'Me', the COVID-19 global pandemic related cases are used to analyse and illustrate the signifier-referent model. Implications are drawn from the new model for the complex systems entailed in organizing self and culture. Finally, suggestions are made for testing the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacques Lacan was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who created an original metapsychology based on a close reading of the work of Sigmund Freud combined with the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure. Lacan’s concept of the unconscious is that of a highly structured entity consisting of interlacing chains of signifiers (sounds, printed words, and images) based on principles of metaphor and metonymy. In this review article, the author provides a brief biographical summary of Lacan’s formative years, his education, and his career, followed by a discussion of some of his major theoretical concepts. Lacan’s three registers or orders of existence, the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real, and their relationship to normal and psychopathological mental functioning are described. Lacan’s major structural diagnostic categories are defined as well as his proposed etiology for the development of each of them. Lacan’s formulation of need, demand, and desire are described as well as his late concept of le sinthome. Brief clinical vignettes are used to illustrate some of Lacan’s theoretical concepts, and some clinical recommendations are provided. Lacan’s theories and practice were controversial over his almost 50-year career, and his work is largely unknown to psychiatrists and psychoanalysts in the United States. This article is an effort to fill a small part of this lacuna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]