1. Subcellular Neural Probes from Single-Crystal Gold Nanowires
- Author
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Hosuk Kang, Youngdong Yoo, Jin Pyo Hong, Mijeong Kang, Huanan Zhang, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Taejoon Kang, Seungmoon Jung, Juhyoun Kwak, Daejong Jeon, Bongsoo Kim, and Nicholas A. Kotov
- Subjects
Male ,Materials science ,Neuroprosthetics ,Nanowire ,Intracellular Space ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,neuroprosthetics ,paralysis ,Article ,Neural activity ,Mice ,neurodegenerative disease ,electrode miniaturization ,BRAIN initiative ,Miniaturization ,Animals ,General Materials Science ,brain−machine interface ,Brain–computer interface ,nanoelectrode ,Nanowires ,General Engineering ,subcellular-sized implants ,Brain ,single-neuron detection ,neural implants ,gold nanowire ,Electrodes, Implanted ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Brain implant ,Brain-Computer Interfaces ,Molecular Probes ,Electrode ,epilepsy ,Gold ,long-term neural recordings ,Single crystal - Abstract
Size reduction of neural electrodes is essential for improving the functionality of neuroprosthetic devices, developing potent therapies for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and long-term brain–computer interfaces. Typical neural electrodes are micromanufactured devices with dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Their further miniaturization is necessary to reduce local tissue damage and chronic immunological reactions of the brain. Here we report the neural electrode with subcellular dimensions based on single-crystalline gold nanowires (NWs) with a diameter of ∼100 nm. Unique mechanical and electrical properties of defect-free gold NWs enabled their implantation and recording of single neuron-activities in a live mouse brain despite a ∼50× reduction of the size compared to the closest analogues. Reduction of electrode dimensions enabled recording of neural activity with improved spatial resolution and differentiation of brain activity in response to different social situations for mice. The successful localization of the epileptic seizure center was also achieved using a multielectrode probe as a demonstration of the diagnostics potential of NW electrodes. This study demonstrated the realism of single-neuron recording using subcellular-sized electrodes that may be considered a pivotal point for use in diverse studies of chronic brain diseases.
- Published
- 2014