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With the rapid development of wearable biosensor technology, the combination of head-mounted displays and augmented reality (AR) technology has shown great potential for health monitoring and biomedical diagnosis applications. However, further optimizing its performance and improving data interaction accuracy remain crucial issues that must be addressed. In this study, we develop smart glasses based on augmented reality and eye tracking technology. Through real-time information interaction with the server, the smart glasses realize accurate scene perception and analysis of the user's intention and combine with mixed-reality display technology to provide dynamic and real-time intelligent interaction services. A multi-level hardware architecture and optimized data processing process are adopted during the research process to enhance the system's real-time accuracy. Meanwhile, combining the deep learning method with the geometric model significantly improves the system's ability to perceive user behavior and environmental information in complex environments. The experimental results show that when the distance between the subject and the display is 1 m, the eye tracking accuracy of the smart glasses can reach 1.0° with an error of no more than ±0.1°. This study demonstrates that the effective integration of AR and eye tracking technology dramatically improves the functional performance of smart glasses in multiple scenarios. Future research will further optimize smart glasses' algorithms and hardware performance, enhance their application potential in daily health monitoring and medical diagnosis, and provide more possibilities for the innovative development of wearable devices in medical and health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of smart glasses in goods logistics and order picking has mainly been studied through cross-sectional experimental studies. Our longitudinal field study investigated the effects of smart glasses on the eyesight of 43 employees at two German companies. We combined ophthalmological examinations and questionnaire surveys at two points in time, six months apart. The vision of the employees was examined before and after each work shift. Mixed effects logistic regression was conducted to determine the associations between smart glasses use and effects on visual acuity. In the baseline examination, differences in eyesight before and after shifts were small and not statistically significant. However, some individuals experienced deteriorations, especially in visual acuity at near distances (n = 7 for the right eye, n = 6 for the left). Participants over 40 years of age had 16.1 times higher odds of deterioration compared to those under 40 years (95% CI: 2.7–95.9, p = 0.002). The most commonly reported eye strains were eye fatigue (n = 32), rubbing (n = 25), and burning (n = 24). If smart glasses are to be implemented in logistics companies, it is recommended to offer employees eye tests with an industrial physician in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology advancements such as smart glasses offer novel opportunities to interact with technology on-the-go. This study examined use of two types of smart glasses (Everysight Raptor and Vuzix m100) for reading during walking and compared to a mobile phone. Fifty-two healthy adults performed single-task and dual-task walking and reading in one of two environments. Objective measures included gait speed and variability and reading speed and comprehension, and subjective measures included workload and usability. Results indicated that when using smart glasses, participants walked slower and with larger gait variability, read less text and had lower comprehension scores across both environments. Participants perceived the glasses as less usable and more demanding than the phone, with no differences between the two types of glasses. This work provides a benchmark for the negative impact of using smart glasses during walking indoors and outdoors. Potential implications are higher risk for community ambulation, suggesting a need for consideration of human attentional capacity when designing smart glasses interfaces and future urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the importance of smart mobile devices grows, organizations face the challenge of selecting appropriate devices such as smartphones, tablets, or smart glasses. The device selection can prevent physical and psychological risks associated with their subsequent use in the workplace. Organizations can avoid bad investments and proactively minimize risks by conducting a pre-purchase risk assessment. In the GBU-SmarD project, an analysis of 253 publications has provided scientific insight into the potential health and safety risks of working with smart mobile devices. In addition, eight focus groups with 20 tablet and 17 smart glasses users complemented the findings with practical experience from the field. This article presents 24 device selection criteria that will form the basis for the future development of a device selection tool for organizational use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOpen hardware and the need for ecologically valid measurements drive the Electroencephalography (EEG) democratization movement—EEG has been steadily transcending the boundaries of clinical research, making its way into interdisciplinary fields. In Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), EEG is used to measure cognitive workload and infer cognitive processes for building cognition-aware systems. We describe and evaluate our BCIglass prototype where EEG electrodes are embedded in the frame of a mainstream Head-Mounted Display (HMD) to create a skull-peripheral topology. We devised a lab study with 34 participants who completed seven established cognitive tasks. Then, we conducted a pilot field study with one participant to test BCIglass in everyday-life settings. Our findings demonstrate that BCIglass captures EEG activity in a manner comparable to a research-grade EEG-cap system. Our topology infers the cognitive task at hand, and the underlying cognitive process(es) by proxy, with an accuracy of ∼80% and only three electrodes at the skull periphery. Embedding EEG electrodes in lightweight HMDs represents a promising approach in the quest to achieve ubiquitous brain-computer interfacing in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical Abstract

Smart glasses have not taken off globally as expected. Unfortunately, limited research exists on the factors critical to consumer acceptance of this novel technology. This study fills this gap by investigating how individuals perceive the usefulness and intention to use smart glasses. Using an augmented value-attitude-behaviour (VAB) model, we analyze Amazon Echo Frames to examine consumer utility perception. Wearable comfort, perceived fashionability, and lifestyle compatibility play a significant role in how valuable consumers find smart glasses. This, in turn, influences their attitude and intention to use. Interestingly, price sensitivity negatively moderates the link between perceived value and attitude toward the product but not attitude-intention to use. Overall, our findings explain 78.6% of why people may adopt smart glasses, offering valuable insights for both research and industry to improve their design and marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Spine surgeons are often at risk of radiation exposure due to intraoperative fluoroscopy, leading to health concerns such as carcinogenesis. This is due to the increasing use of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) in spinal surgeries, resulting from the widespread adoption of minimally invasive spine stabilization. This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of smart glasses (SG) in PPS insertion under fluoroscopy. Methods: SG were used as an alternative screen for fluoroscopic images. Operators A (2-year experience in spine surgery) and B (9-year experience) inserted the PPS into the bilateral L1–5 pedicles of the lumbar model bone under fluoroscopic guidance, repeating this procedure twice with and without SG (groups SG and N-SG, respectively). Each vertebral body's insertion time, radiation dose, and radiation exposure time were measured, and the deviation in screw trajectories was evaluated. Results: The groups SG and N-SG showed no significant difference in insertion time for the overall procedure and each operator. However, group SG had a significantly shorter radiation exposure time than group N-SG for the overall procedure (109.1 ± 43.5 seconds vs. 150.9 ± 38.7 seconds; p = 0.003) and operator A (100.0 ± 29.0 seconds vs. 157.9 ± 42.8 seconds; p = 0.003). The radiation dose was also significantly lower in group SG than in group N-SG for the overall procedure (1.3 ± 0.6 mGy vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 mGy; p = 0.023) and operator A (1.2 ± 0.4 mGy vs. 1.8 ± 0.5 mGy; p = 0.013). The 2 groups showed no significant difference in screw deviation. Conclusion: The application of SG in fluoroscopic imaging for PPS insertion holds potential as a useful method for reducing radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT-enabled smart shoes for the blind is equipped with ultrasonic sensors paired with an Arduino UNO board. The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates communication among physical objects and between objects and humans. This enabling technology is experiencing rapid development and growth in the market. In India, there are nearly 40 million blind individuals, including 1.6 million children. Blind people encounter significant challenges in traveling independently and rely on others for various aspects of daily life. A major difficulty arises when navigating roads, as their canes may not detect every obstacle. The smart shoe design offers a long-term solution, enabling blind individuals to travel independently on roads. This shoe incorporates IoT technology, embedding various sensors, a microcontroller, and buzzers. The shoe alerts the user with buzzer sounds upon detecting obstacles ahead. To enhance efficiency, smart glasses using IoT technology have been developed, equipped with sensors to detect objects over a wider area. The smart shoes and smart glasses communicate and coordinate to ensure the user avoids collisions with obstacles in their path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable eye‐tracking technology is an essential component in AR/VR devices. Conventional Pupil‐Corneal Reflection (PCR) eye‐tracking technology often presents challenges due to high costs and bulky designs, particularly for compact AR and smart glasses. To overcome these limitations, our next‐generation eyetracking technology relies on AI image analysis, significantly reducing the number of required IR LEDs and image sensors. This simplification enhances flexibility and lowers production costs while maintaining accuracy. Our breakthrough solution makes eye tracking more accessible for the masses in AR/VR devices in the new era of spatial computing and the metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting and avoiding obstacles while navigating can pose a challenge for people with low vision, but augmented reality (AR) has the potential to assist by enhancing obstacle visibility. Perceptual and user experience research is needed to understand how to craft effective AR visuals for this purpose. We developed a prototype AR application capable of displaying multiple kinds of visual cues for obstacles on an optical see-through head-mounted display. We assessed the usability of these cues via a study in which participants with low vision navigated an obstacle course. The results suggest that 3D world-locked AR cues were superior to directional heads-up cues for most participants during this activity.

Abstract Modern consumption patterns lead to massive waste, which poses challenges in storage and highlights the urgent need for more sustainable product development. Customer feedback on products plays a crucial role in product design, yet previous studies overlooked these invaluable insights. In response, this study introduces a novel systematic methodology that integrates the strengths of text mining, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). Text mining techniques are utilized to extract customer requirements from online platforms, while QFD is used to translate these requirements into technical specifications. By integrating the contradiction matrix from TRIZ theory with the triptych, technical conflicts are resolved. The design process for next-generation smart glasses is employed as an illustrative case to validate the proposed integrated innovation design approach. Analytical outcomes suggest that the introduced methodology can effectively address sustainable product design challenges and sets the stage for future advancements in smart glasses.

Abstract Background Immersive technologies such as smart glasses can benefit nursing training and clinical practice. In this paper, we explore the views of nursing graduate students about their experience with smart glasses. Methods Nursing graduate students (n = 13) were recruited using purposeful sampling. First, a virtual reality intervention for hyperglycemia in nursing care was shown. This was an attempt to introduce people to the technology and start discussions about how it might be used in nursing care. After that, participants underwent online interviews. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Results The study findings indicated that the use of smart glasses as an enjoyable learning experience and immersive games positively affects nursing students. In addition, it was determined that they had negative experiences such as costs, lack of infrastructure, and smart glass side effects. Conclusions Smart glasses indicate good usability and availability in nursing education and potential for use in hospital nursing practice.

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the utilization of smart glasses in the context of cultural heritage. It offers a systematic exploration of prevailing trends, the latest state-of-the-art technologies, and notable projects within this emerging field. Through a meticulous examination of diverse works, this study endeavors to categorize and establish a taxonomy, thereby facilitating a structured analysis of the current landscape. By distilling key insights from this categorization, the paper aims to draw meaningful conclusions and provide valuable insights into the potential future trajectory of SGs technology in the realm of CH preservation and appreciation.

This article reviews some of the smart antennas used in Eyewear, which can receive frequencies of 700-960 MHz and 2.7-1.7 GHz, as well as Wi-Fi 5G (5.18-5.85 GHz) and Wi-Fi 6e (5.925 -7.125 GHz) to be used in wireless Eyewear glasses. Since the antennas of Eyewear devices that work in 4G, 5G cellular communication standard and Wi-Fi 6 internal wireless communication is a new category, first a general study for antenna bandwidth in different locations is done. Given that, these antennas are designed as mutual elements (coupled) and are mostly placed on FR4 or polycarbonate substrate. Then the MIMO antennas used in these glasses are investigated and gain, efficiency and SAR studies are performed along with different modes. In order to obtain a good adaptation to the use cases, the human head is always considered in the simulations. After that, antenna designs with suitable dielectric cover and frame are suggested.

This paper proposes the application of augmented reality to an intelligent automation platform to support industrial scheduling. A dual-resource scheduling plan is generated for machines and workers, and there is the necessity of coordination between both resources to avoid delays and unexpected errors. The application of augmented reality aims at two focal points: facilitating the workers’ tasks by displaying the step-by-step procedures for each task they are assigned and also monitoring the ongoing work on machines so that workers can be aware when intervention is needed. The main contributions of this work are the fully integration of augmented reality within the cyber-physical systems present in the intelligent automation platform and the enhancement of workers’ capabilities in order to actively follow a scheduling plan. This study includes an experiment that mimics part of a workday and a questionnaire on usability and user experience, which presented excellent results compared to the benchmarks.

The operation of a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol poses a significant risk to the safety of the driver, passengers, and other road users. Electrooculographic (EOG) signal analysis can be used to understand the movements and behavior of the eyes while driving. In our study, we used smart glasses to collect EOG data from nine participants who used a driving simulator. Their level of alcoholic intoxication was simulated by drunk vision goggles at three different levels of inebriation (0, 1, 2, and 3‰ blood alcohol content). We used machine learning algorithms (decision trees, support vector machines, nearest-neighbor classifiers, boosted trees, bagged trees, subspace discriminant classifier, subspace k nearest-neighbor classifier, and RUSBoosted Trees) to analyze the data. The Bagged Trees achieved the highest accuracy of 79%. The most important features to detect simulated alcohol intoxication were the blink rate and the velocity of the saccade, a rapid simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction. Our study shows the potential of using smart glasses and machine learning for the automated detection of alcohol intoxication, even when alcohol consumption is simulated.

Modern consumption patterns lead to massive waste, which poses challenges in storage and highlights the urgent need for more sustainable product development. Customer feedback on products plays a crucial role in product design, yet previous studies overlooked these invaluable insights. In response, this study introduces a novel systematic methodology that integrates the strengths of text mining, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). Text mining techniques are utilized to extract customer requirements from online platforms, while QFD is used to translate these requirements into technical specifications. By integrating the contradiction matrix from TRIZ theory with the triptych, technical conflicts are resolved. The design process for next-generation smart glasses is employed as an illustrative case to validate the proposed integrated innovation design approach. Analytical outcomes suggest that the introduced methodology can effectively address sustainable product design challenges and sets the stage for future advancements in smart glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immersive technologies such as smart glasses can benefit nursing training and clinical practice. In this paper, we explore the views of nursing graduate students about their experience with smart glasses. Methods: Nursing graduate students (n = 13) were recruited using purposeful sampling. First, a virtual reality intervention for hyperglycemia in nursing care was shown. This was an attempt to introduce people to the technology and start discussions about how it might be used in nursing care. After that, participants underwent online interviews. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Results: The study findings indicated that the use of smart glasses as an enjoyable learning experience and immersive games positively affects nursing students. In addition, it was determined that they had negative experiences such as costs, lack of infrastructure, and smart glass side effects. Conclusions: Smart glasses indicate good usability and availability in nursing education and potential for use in hospital nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart glasses allow care providers to connect to remote experts for consultation and have the potential to improve care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the user experience with smart glasses in a simulated nursing care environment. We collected data via post-simulation semi-structured interviews and System Usability Scale (SUS) surveys. The median SUS score was 74 (range 57.5 to 90). The qualitative and quantitative findings of our study highlighted the potential benefits of smart glasses for assisting novice nurses in patient care, as well as the technical and workflow challenges that need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe application of smart glasses in healthcare, particularly for providers engaged in hands-on patient care tasks, presents unique design challenges. This study combines participatory design and usability testing to assess the user experiences of touchless interaction methods for smart glasses in the context of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The participatory design workshops with 16 EMS providers reveal a preference for touchless interaction methods such as voice commands and pinch hand gestures, driven by the need to keep hands free and minimize cross-contamination risk. Despite this preference, the laboratory-based usability testing with 16 EMS providers indicates that both voice commands and hand gestures fall short in task performance compared to the default tangible buttons on smart glasses, primarily due to software limitations and EMS providers’ unfamiliarity with touchless techniques. Our findings reveal specific issues associated with using different interaction methods when operating smart glasses. Building on these insights, we discuss design implications for smart glasses to better align with the dynamic and unique characteristics of fast-paced medical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation is much needed in the healthcare sector to maximize the efficiency and productivity of human health. Adding technologies is an important addition to the continuity of growing the industry, and it is a promising opportunity for human care growth; This research conjectured that while healthcare is a vibrant and continuously evolving field, it becomes essential to present a detailed categorization for the main recent technologies used in the healthcare. To do this conceptual research, we reviewed a deal of existing research, about 31 research papers, that share common characteristics. The papers chosen for review are all written in English language, published in the last three years; From 2021 to 2023. And shown by Google Scholar, IEEE, PubMed and Emerald Insight. Our study presented a more unambiguous categorization. Existing literature showed three main categories, namely Preoperative; Intraoperative; And Post-operative. This research suggests adding a new one category related to Inorganic illness to address psychological and relaxation aspects, which need access to devices in each psychological state and relaxation; Preoperative; Intraoperative; And Post-operative. To conclude, technology has a great role in increasing efficiency and accuracy and reducing material and human losses. The medical sector seeks for more extended, and effective use of technology leverage the quality of life without suffering pain. This is certainly besides the economic prosperity of the medical infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the utilization of smart glasses in the context of cultural heritage. It offers a systematic exploration of prevailing trends, the latest state-of-the-art technologies, and notable projects within this emerging field. Through a meticulous examination of diverse works, this study endeavors to categorize and establish a taxonomy, thereby facilitating a structured analysis of the current landscape. By distilling key insights from this categorization, the paper aims to draw meaningful conclusions and provide valuable insights into the potential future trajectory of SGs technology in the realm of CH preservation and appreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart glass, based on an eco‐friendly aqueous solution, capable of controlling both transparency for privacy and the radiant energy flow for thermal insulation, is demonstrated. The transparency of the glass is self‐adaptive in response to the ambient environment and can also be electrically controlled on demand. The aqueous solution used in this study is composed of water and a non‐ionic surfactant used in the food industry. As the temperature of the aqueous solutions increases above the cloud point, the solution undergoes phase separation into a micelle‐rich phase and a micelle‐poor phase causing the incident light to be scattered by the micellar clusters. Good thermo‐responsive optical properties are achieved with ≈77% luminous transmittance, ≈90% haze, and ≈64% solar regulation. The proposed smart glass fabricated from a biocompatible aqueous solution would be eco‐friendly as well as exhibiting excellent energy conservation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as wearables, in complex systems is crucial for enhancing collaboration between humans and machines in the era of Industry 5.0. However, this increased interaction also introduces new challenges and risks, including the potential for human errors. A thorough analysis of the literature reveals an absence of studies that have quantified these risks, underscoring the utmost importance of this research. To address the above gap, the present study introduces the STPA-PSO methodology, which aims to quantify the risks associated with the use of smart glasses in complex systems, with a specific focus on human error risks. The proposed methodology leverages the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) approach to proactively identify hazards, while harnessing the power of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to accurately calculate and optimize risks, including those related to human errors. To validate the effectiveness of the methodology, a case study involving the assembly of a refrigerator was conducted, encompassing various critical aspects, such as the Industrial, Financial, and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) aspects. The results provide evidence of the efficacy of the STPA-PSO approach in assessing, quantifying, and managing risks during the design stage. By proposing a robust and comprehensive risk quantification framework, this study makes a significant contribution to the advancement of system safety analysis in complex environments, providing invaluable insights for the seamless integration of wearables and ensuring safer interactions between humans and machines.

The usage of smart glasses in goods logistics and order picking has mainly been studied through cross-sectional experimental studies. Our longitudinal field study investigated the effects of smart glasses on the eyesight of 43 employees at two German companies. We combined ophthalmological examinations and questionnaire surveys at two points in time, six months apart. The vision of the employees was examined before and after each work shift. Mixed effects logistic regression was conducted to determine the associations between smart glasses use and effects on visual acuity. In the baseline examination, differences in eyesight before and after shifts were small and not statistically significant. However, some individuals experienced deteriorations, especially in visual acuity at near distances (n = 7 for the right eye, n = 6 for the left). Participants over 40 years of age had 16.1 times higher odds of deterioration compared to those under 40 years (95% CI: 2.7–95.9, p = 0.002). The most commonly reported eye strains were eye fatigue (n = 32), rubbing (n = 25), and burning (n = 24). If smart glasses are to be implemented in logistics companies, it is recommended to offer employees eye tests with an industrial physician in advance.

With the rapid development of wearable biosensor technology, the combination of head-mounted displays and augmented reality (AR) technology has shown great potential for health monitoring and biomedical diagnosis applications. However, further optimizing its performance and improving data interaction accuracy remain crucial issues that must be addressed. In this study, we develop smart glasses based on augmented reality and eye tracking technology. Through real-time information interaction with the server, the smart glasses realize accurate scene perception and analysis of the user’s intention and combine with mixed-reality display technology to provide dynamic and real-time intelligent interaction services. A multi-level hardware architecture and optimized data processing process are adopted during the research process to enhance the system’s real-time accuracy. Meanwhile, combining the deep learning method with the geometric model significantly improves the system’s ability to perceive user behavior and environmental information in complex environments. The experimental results show that when the distance between the subject and the display is 1 m, the eye tracking accuracy of the smart glasses can reach 1.0° with an error of no more than ±0.1°. This study demonstrates that the effective integration of AR and eye tracking technology dramatically improves the functional performance of smart glasses in multiple scenarios. Future research will further optimize smart glasses’ algorithms and hardware performance, enhance their application potential in daily health monitoring and medical diagnosis, and provide more possibilities for the innovative development of wearable devices in medical and health management.

The paper presents the potential of smart glasses and remote support technologies in naval operations. It emphasizes the challenges of limited internet access at sea and proposes solutions like STUN and TURN servers for effective communication. Smart glasses offer realtime assistance, aiding in diagnosing mechanical faults and facilitating information exchange between on-board engineers and land-based experts. The system's architecture, optimized for low-bandwidth environments, consists of a Support Center and Client Device. Additionally, the implementation of virtual reality (VR) technology in maritime personnel training is explored, showcasing its potential for education and intervention management. Overall, smart glasses and remote support offer promising solutions for naval communication hurdles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigated augmented reality (AR) through a head-mounted display (HMD) may lead to accurate glenoid component placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deviation between planned, intra- and postoperative inclination, retroversion, entry point, depth, and rotation of the glenoid component placement assisted by a navigated AR through HMD during RSA. Both shoulders of 6 fresh frozen human cadavers, free from fractures or other bony pathologies, were used. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used for the 3-dimensional (3D) planning. The glenoid component placement was assisted using a navigated AR system through an HMD in all specimens. Intraoperative inclination, retroversion, depth, and rotation were measured by the system. A postoperative CT scan was performed. The pre- and postoperative 3D CT scan reconstructions were superimposed to calculate the deviation between planned and postoperative inclination, retroversion, entry point, depth, and rotation of the glenoid component placement. Additionally, a comparison between intra- and postoperative values was calculated. Outliers were defined as >10° inclination, >10° retroversion, >3 mm entry point. The registration algorithm of the scapulae prior to the procedure was correctly completed for all cases. The deviations between planned and postoperative values were 1.0° ± 0.7° for inclination, 1.8° ± 1.3° for retroversion, 1.1 ± 0.4 mm for entry point, 0.7 ± 0.6 mm for depth, and 1.7° ± 1.6° for rotation. The deviation between intra- and postoperative values were 0.9° ± 0.8° for inclination, 1.2° ± 1.1° for retroversion, 0.6 ± 0.5 mm for depth, and 0.3° ± 0.2° for rotation. There were no outliers between planned and postoperative parameters. In this study, the use of a navigated AR system through an HMD for RSA led to low deviation between planned and postoperative values and between intra- and postoperative parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper intends to explore the safety of users using smart glasses to read articles while walking. We explore two factors of text presentation: the number of displayed words and the control methods of the text. Three text display modes (RSVP5, 3-lines, Page) and three text control modes (Auto, Manual, Mix) are designed and implemented. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the text display and control methods. One is to evaluate the user’s responsiveness, assessing how quickly the user is allowed to initiate a behavior when faced with an immediate need to respond. The other is to evaluate the ability of users to observe the surrounding environment, assessing whether the user can have sufficient ability to notice when an abnormal situation occurs. Besides the safety aspects, we also measure users’ cognitive workload, system usability, and other subjective statistics as their user experience. The experimental results showed that in the display modes, providing too much text at one time reduced the user’s ability to respond, and the RSVP5 display mode resulted in a poorer user experience. In terms of the control modes, the mix control modes make it easier for users to ignore their surroundings, and the auto control mode gets the worst user experience. As a result, when considering both safety and user experience, we suggest a smart glasses reading system should display a few lines of text at a time and let the users fully and manually control the text. Finally, a few guidelines are provided suggesting how to design a smart glasses reading system for pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has led to advances that improve the daily lives of visually impaired people. B-Fit Glasses, smart glasses with sophisticated machine learning algorithms and sensors, cameras, microphones, and processing units orchestrated by a server, are the driving forces behind this technological evolution. The glasses automatically detect and alert users to surrounding obstacles, improving spatial awareness. Their skills go beyond this. Voice commands can transition to facial recognition mode to recognize and name familiar people or document recognition mode to read printed or handwritten information. Currency denomination detection and verbalization are other notable features. Onboard processors rapidly analyze and store data, ensuring real-time responsiveness and accuracy. The comprehensive, user-centric B-Fit Glasses give the visually impaired an enriched, autonomous, and safer method to interact with their surroundings, revolutionizing wearable assistive technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accidents are still an issue in an intelligent transportation system, despite developments in self-driving technology (ITS). Drivers who engage in risky behavior account for more than half of all road accidents. As a result, reckless driving behaviour can cause congestion and delays. Computer vision and multimodal sensors have been used to study driving behaviour categorization to lessen this problem. Previous research has also collected and analyzed a wide range of data, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and photographs of the driver's face. On the other hand, driving a car is a complicated action that requires a wide range of body movements. In this work, we proposed a ResNet-SE model, an efficient deep learning classifier for driving activity classification based on signal data obtained in real-world traffic conditions using smart glasses. End-to-end learning can be achieved by combining residual networks and channel attention approaches into a single learning model. Sensor data from 3-point EOG electrodes, tri-axial accelerometer, and tri-axial gyroscope from the Smart Glasses dataset was utilized in this study. We performed various experiments and compared the proposed model to baseline deep learning algorithms (CNNs and LSTMs) to demonstrate its performance. According to the research results, the proposed model outperforms the previous deep learning models in this domain with an accuracy of 99.17% and an F1-score of 98.96%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The antenna is one of the key building blocks of many wearable electronic devices, and its functions include wireless communications, energy harvesting, and radiative wireless power transfer. In an effort to realize lightweight, autonomous, and battery‐less wearable devices, we demonstrate a reconfigurable antenna design for 5G wearable applications that requires ultra‐low driving voltages (0.4–0.6 V) and operates over a high frequency range (3.3–3.8 GHz). For smart glasses applications, previous antenna designs were ‘fixed’ and mounted on the eyeglass frame itself. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable design that could be achieved on the lens itself using an anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) material. We demonstrate how liquid crystal alignment and electric field patterns strongly influence the tuning capabilities of these antennas in the gigahertz range and present a smart, reconfigurable spiral antenna system with a liquid crystal substrate.

Kamonwon Ienghong,1 Lap Woon Cheung,2,3 Pornpawit Wongwan,1 Korakot Apiratwarakul1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 2Accident & Emergency Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongCorrespondence: Korakot Apiratwarakul, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Tel +66 89 416 3663, Fax +66 43 366 870, Email Korakot@kku.ac.thPurpose: The ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access (USGPIV) was reported as difficult for novices to perform. Smart glasses equipped with teleconference systems can display real-time ultrasound images to sonographers and consultants which can increase the success rate of this procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of employing smart glasses for USGPIV.Patients and Methods: A randomized, simulation study was conducted in emergency medical service (EMS) providers at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand, from January to April 2023. We randomized participants into two groups which included participants who wore smart glasses during procedures requiring USGPIV (the smart glasses group) and participants who performed USGPIV with no smart glasses (the non-smart glasses group). After participating in USGPIV cannulation training, the simulations were carried out. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate, with secondary outcomes including the procedure time and subjective difficulty.Results: Fifty participants were recruited for the study. The smart glasses group was superior to the non-smart glasses group both in terms of first-attempt success rate with no statistically significant (64% vs 60%; P = 0.460) and also demonstrated a shorter procedure time than the non-smart glasses group (25.5 sec vs 42.3 sec; P = 0.003). The participants reported the subjective difficulty score was higher in the smart glasses group (the visual analog scale, VAS = 8).Conclusion: In simulation scenarios, the smart glasses-assisted USGPIV could shorten the procedure time. However, our study did not find significant differences in the first pass success rate of USGPIV between the two groups.Keywords: smart glasses, ultrasonography, emergency medical services