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Background: Snail mucin is becoming increasingly popular for its wide range of ingredients and potential benefits. Snail extract's widespread appearance in cosmetic formulations encourages an investigation into the medical and cosmetic benefits. Aims: This study aims to explore current literature on the variety of snail mucin applications. Specifically, we present a review of the uses, global market estimates and projects, and limitations to snail mucin. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed reviewing snail mucin and their application in medical and dermatologic fields examining their uses. Economic reports were also investigated for Global Market estimates. Results: The therapeutic use of snail mucin in medical fields has been studied as antimicrobial agents, drug delivery vehicles, antitumor agents, wound healing agents, and biomaterial coatings among others. Additionally, the use in cosmetic fields includes antiaging, hydrating, anti‐acne, scarring, and hyperpigmentation treatments. It is important to highlight that most studies conducted were preclinical or small clinical studies, stressing the need for additional large‐scale clinical trials to support these claims. Investigations into the global market found estimates ranging from $457 million to $1.2 billion with upward projections in the upcoming decade. Limitations include ethical habitats for collection, allergy investigation, and missing clinical studies. Conclusions: The findings presented here emphasize the expanding uses of snail mucin and its ingredients alongside a growing market cosmetic industry should consider. We also emphasize the need for appropriate clinical trials into the stated benefits of snail mucin to ensure consumer safety and ethical extraction of mucin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work evaluates the effect of a dietary supply of amaranth, oats and lentils as a protein source on anthropometric measurements, the chemical composition in meat, as well as antioxidant activity in meat peptides and secretion of the snail (Helix aspersa Múller). Design/methodology/approach: We worked with three groups of snails of 36 individuals and a control group fed with the same diet varying the protein source: amaranth, oats and lentils. A sample was taken every seven days and the shell's weight, width and length were measured. Five individuals from each group were sacrificed and the meat from which they were sacrificed was extracted: weight, moisture and protein. The hydrolysis soluble proteins in meat and slime were obtained and the antioxidant activity was measured using the reducing radicals DPPH· and ABTS·. Results: Snail meat was obtained with an increase of more than double in weight when 10% of Am was supplied as a protein source. Likewise, the dimensions of the shell will increase by 5%-11%. In FSM, it was obtained up to 79.8% moisture, 11.2% protein, 1.2% fat and 2.5% collagen. When obtaining snail meat flour, it was reduced to 12 ± 1.9% humidity with up to 24.53 µ g/g of soluble protein. When hydrolyzing the proteins, it was observed that the peptides obtained presented the IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity of 21.58 ± 2.7, 5.45 ± 1.8, 12.69 ± 1.7 and IC50 of ABTS removal activity 8.86 ± 0.9, 1.62 ± 0.04, 10.84 ± 1.0, for HFSM, HSMF and SS samples, respectively. Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out other studies on the functionality of snail meat proteins and thus propose their implementation in food formulations to maximize their commercialization. Findings/conclusions: Feeding snails with amaranth helps to increase the quality of protein in fresh meat and flour. Likewise, requests for soluble proteins from beef, flour and secretion are alternatives for preparing functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many snail slime (secretion) creams in the cosmetic industry. Many of them are formulated with herbal or synthetic allantoin when the cream ingredients are read. However, natural snail secretion also contains many bioactive components (glycoproteins, fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins, etc.) other than allantoin. For this reason, cosmetic effectiveness decreases in products that do not contain natural snail secretion. It is not easy to reach the natural snail slime cream due to the limited collection of secretions from the appropriate snail species and limited sustainable methods. While the secretions are collected from snails by traditional methods (exposure to stresses such as salt and electricity application), animals are usually harmed or killed. If the method used for secretion collection is not suitable, animals are exposed to stress and release skin irritants. In addition, the secretion of each snail species does not have the suitable ingredients in the production of cosmetics. In this study, various essential oils and ozone were sprayed with cold steam into the porous chamber containing the snails in a specially designed instrument. Secretion was collected, from live snails (Helix aspersa) suitable for use in cosmetics, without being exposed to stress. Then the cream was formulated with this secretion. Microbiological and physicochemical analyzes were made in the cream produced. As the results; secretion containing important bioactive components was obtained from the appropriate snail species with sustainable methods, and the analysis results showed that the cream formulated with the addition of the secretion was qualified and suitable for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long before its popularization as a skincare ingredient, snail slime was reported to have a variety of health-promoting attributes. Its medicinal use involved the treatment of ailments, such as anthrax, hernias, stomach pain, chest pain, as well as tuberculosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of snail slime from Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774) (brown garden snail). The slime was extracted by a mild method, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics were determined by croton-oil-induced mouse-ear edema. The histological study showed that the snail slime exerts its action at the level of inflammatory mediators, explaining the drastic decrease of edema (59% in comparison to the 47% of indomethacin). The daily application of 50 µL (15 mg/kg) of snail slime on excision wounds in rabbits proved to induce an almost full tissue repair after 24 days of treatment (87.80–92.7% wound closure in width and length, respectively). Analysis of the slime's safety aspect allowed affirming the nontoxicity of snail slime on both the skin and eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Gastropods, a mollusk class including slugs and snails, represent an extraordinarily diverse and ecologically significant group of organisms featuring the largest class of invertebrates. They can be classified as aquatic and terrestrial animals having coiled shells, although some species have reduced or absent shells. Their unique body structure includes a muscular foot for locomotion, a visceral mass containing essential organs, and a distinct head region with sensory organs such as tentacles and eyes. They are used to secrete a complex mixture of glycoproteins, enzymes, peptides, mucus and other bioactive compounds, namely slime, which represents a tool to allow locomotion, protection, and interaction within different habitats. The biological activities of the slime have attracted considerable interest due to their diverse and potentially valuable properties ranging from defense mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in wound healing, antimicrobial therapy, management of inflammation, and neurological disorders. This review aims at exploring the beneficial effects of snail and slug slime focusing, in particular, on the improvement of the biological processes underlying them. Continued exploration of the intricate components of these slimy secretions promises to discover new bioactive molecules with diverse applications in various scientific and industrial fields. Graphical Abstract

Gastropods, a mollusk class including slugs and snails, represent an extraordinarily diverse and ecologically significant group of organisms featuring the largest class of invertebrates. They can be classified as aquatic and terrestrial animals having coiled shells, although some species have reduced or absent shells. Their unique body structure includes a muscular foot for locomotion, a visceral mass containing essential organs, and a distinct head region with sensory organs such as tentacles and eyes. They are used to secrete a complex mixture of glycoproteins, enzymes, peptides, mucus and other bioactive compounds, namely slime, which represents a tool to allow locomotion, protection, and interaction within different habitats. The biological activities of the slime have attracted considerable interest due to their diverse and potentially valuable properties ranging from defense mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in wound healing, antimicrobial therapy, management of inflammation, and neurological disorders. This review aims at exploring the beneficial effects of snail and slug slime focusing, in particular, on the improvement of the biological processes underlying them. Continued exploration of the intricate components of these slimy secretions promises to discover new bioactive molecules with diverse applications in various scientific and industrial fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion of metals is a major issue in various industries and the use of organic materials, especially plant extracts, as alternatives to toxic chemicals in corrosion inhibitors is gaining attention. However, the potential of animal products as corrosion inhibitors has not been fully explored. This study investigates the corrosion inhibiting potential of snail slime (SS) for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution using Gravimetric and electrochemical methods, including open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for material characterization. The results indicate that snail slime has a high inhibition efficiency of up to 92.75%, with inhibition efficiency decreasing as temperature and immersion time increase but it increased with higher inhibitor concentrations. Adsorption studies showed that snail slime exhibited strong adherence to the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms, indicating spontaneous adsorption on mild steel. The inhibition mechanism shows typical physical adsorption and follows first-order kinetics. While the EIS analysis indicated a charge transfer-controlled corrosion process with the highest inhibition efficiency of 81.74%, the PDP analysis revealed that snail slime acted as a mixed-type inhibitor with the highest inhibition efficiency of 81.98%. FTIR reveals the functional groups responsible for the inhibition exhibited by snail slime inhibitors, including CH, OH, CO-O, CCl, and NH. SEM shows that the inhibition of corrosion is due to the formation of an insoluble stable protective film on the sample surface by an adsorption process. These findings suggest that snail slime has significant potential as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic corrosion inhibitors in industrial applications.

Purpose: Snail slime is essential in traditional and folkloric medicine, but empirical data on its toxicity is limited. Therefore, the present study assessed rats' toxicopathology and lipid profile after oral sub-acute exposure to Archachatina marginata slime extracts. Method: The rats were assigned into five (5) groups (n = 10) and treated for 28 days with distilled water and slime extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg bw). In addition, a follow-up group received the snail slime at 500 mg/kg bw and was observed post-administration for 14 days. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed, and the blood and vital organs were harvested for biochemical analyses which includes lipid profile, liver and kidney function, oxidative stress indices, and histopathology. Results: The results revealed that the slime of A. marginata did not remarkably affect the liver and kidney function indices and Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II) was < 3.0 across all groups. However, histopathology showed hepatocellular damage in the female rats, which resolved following the cessation of treatment. Furthermore, there were cellular changes, including mild inflammation and cellular degeneration of rat tissues across the treatment groups. Conclusion: The findings warrant further safety assessments to bolster the medicinal properties of A. marginata slime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long before its popularization as a skincare ingredient, snail slime was reported to have a variety of health-promoting attributes. Its medicinal use involved the treatment of ailments, such as anthrax, hernias, stomach pain, chest pain, as well as tuberculosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of snail slime from Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774) (brown garden snail). The slime was extracted by a mild method, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics were determined by croton-oil-induced mouse-ear edema. The histological study showed that the snail slime exerts its action at the level of inflammatory mediators, explaining the drastic decrease of edema (59% in comparison to the 47% of indomethacin). The daily application of 50 µL (15 mg/kg) of snail slime on excision wounds in rabbits proved to induce an almost full tissue repair after 24 days of treatment (87.80–92.7% wound closure in width and length, respectively). Analysis of the slime’s safety aspect allowed affirming the nontoxicity of snail slime on both the skin and eyes.

Snail slime (SS) is a viscous secretion obtained from different snail species. SS composition is variable according to factors such as the extraction method. Even if several papers have been published regarding this topic, the molecular mechanisms at the base of SS biological effects remain unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of SS, extracted with the cruelty-free Muller method, to promote viability and angiogenesis processes and, in parallel, to counteract inflammation occurrence on skin cell populations. SS was administered to keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, then cell viability, through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, morphology by haematoxylin-eosin staining, gene and protein expression through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, cell cycle phases by flow cytometry, and collagen secretion using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, were measured. Our results evidence SS capability to promote fibroblast viability and to trigger recovery mechanisms by activating the Erk protein. Moreover, an appreciable anti-inflammatory effect due to the significant reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and a positive modulation of new blood vessel formation demonstrated by increased Angiopoietin 1 gene expression and a higher matrix deposition (evidenced by the augmented amount of released collagen I) can be identified. This evidence led us to assume that the Muller method extracted-SS represents a valuable and promising natural product suitable for cosmetic and skin care formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of green, low cost and sustainable synthetic routes to produce metal nanoparticles is of outmost importance, as these materials fulfill large scale applications in a number of different areas. Herein, snail slime extracted from Helix Aspersa snails was successfully employed both as bio-reducing agent of silver nitrate and as bio-stabilizer of the obtained nanoparticles. Several trials were carried out by varying temperature, the volume of snail slime and the silver nitrate concentration to find the best biogenic pathway to produce silver nanoparticles. The best results were obtained when the synthesis was performed at room temperature and neutral pH. UV–Visible Spectroscopy, SEM-TEM and FTIR were used for a detailed characterization of the nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles are spherical, with mean diameters measured from TEM images ranging from 15 to 30 nm and stable over time. The role of proteins and glycoproteins in the biogenic production of silver nanoparticles was elucidated. Infrared spectra clearly showed the presence of proteins all around the silver core. The macromolecular shell is also responsible of the effectiveness of the synthesized AgNPs to inhibit Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snail slime is used widely in African traditional medicine, specifically in Nsukka Enugu, Nigeria, for wound management; however, this claim lacks scientific validation. Herein, we investigated the gastroprotective effect of aqueous Achatina achatina L. (snail) slime extract (ASSE) on indomethacin- and ethanol-induced ulceration in Wistar albino rat models. Biochemical analysis of ASSE showed appreciable levels of manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, Vitamin C, B1, B2, and B3 and a basic pH. The experimental design consists of two Phases (five groups of five rats each). In both Phases, group I (positive control) received 3ml of distilled water, while groups II-V received 20 mg/kg body weight omeprazole (standard drug), 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw ASSE, respectively, via oral intubation. The various treatments lasted for 21-days. Following 24-hours fasting with access to only water (which spanned between the 22nd -23rd day), ulceration was induced separately on the experimental animals in Phase I with a single oral dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg bw) and in Phase II with a single oral dose of acidified ethanol (1.5 ml/kg bw), via the gastric gavage. The LD50 study showed safety up to 5000 mg/kg bw ASSE. After induction, a significant (P<0.05) increase in the number of ulcers and mean ulcer index were recorded in group 1 of both Phases; however, rats administered various concentrations of ASSE showed significant (P<0.05) amelioration of the ulceration in both Phases, and these were on par with the standard control. These results suggest that aqueous snail slime extract possesses gastroprotective potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Snail slime is an interesting material for effective dermatological use (e.g. wounds). Its properties are stricly connected to the origin. In this paper a snail slime, deriving from the species Helix aspersa Muller and obtained from a company, was deeply characterized and then properly formulated. The slime, obtained by Donatella Veroni method, was firstly submitted to NMR analysis in order to evaluate the chemical composition. The main molecules found are glycolate and allantoin, well known for their activities in wound healing promotion. In vitro experiments performed on keratinocytes, revealed the snail slime ability to promote cellular well-being. Moreover, the microbiological analysis showed high activity against many strains involved in wounds infections such as gram+ (e.g. S. aureus , S. pyogenes), gram- (e.g. P. aeruginosa , E. coli) and the yeast C. albicans. The effect on skin elasticity was evaluated as well by the instrument Cutometer® dualMPA580. The snail slime was then formulated as hydrophilic gel, using a combination of corn starch and sodium hyaluronate as polymers, then used as external water phase of an O/W emulgel. The formulation is physically stable and easily spreadable and demonstrated antimicrobial activity as observed for slime alone, suggesting its suitability to be used for wound treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snail slime (SS) is a viscous secretion obtained from different snail species. SS composition is variable according to factors such as the extraction method. Even if several papers have been published regarding this topic, the molecular mechanisms at the base of SS biological effects remain unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of SS, extracted with the cruelty-free Muller method, to promote viability and angiogenesis processes and, in parallel, to counteract inflammation occurrence on skin cell populations. SS was administered to keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, then cell viability, through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, morphology by haematoxylin-eosin staining, gene and protein expression through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, cell cycle phases by flow cytometry, and collagen secretion using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, were measured. Our results evidence SS capability to promote fibroblast viability and to trigger recovery mechanisms by activating the Erk protein. Moreover, an appreciable anti-inflammatory effect due to the significant reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and a positive modulation of new blood vessel formation demonstrated by increased Angiopoietin 1 gene expression and a higher matrix deposition (evidenced by the augmented amount of released collagen I) can be identified. This evidence led us to assume that the Muller method extracted-SS represents a valuable and promising natural product suitable for cosmetic and skin care formulations.

The development of green, low cost and sustainable synthetic routes to produce metal nanoparticles is of outmost importance, as these materials fulfill large scale applications in a number of different areas. Herein, snail slime extracted from Helix Aspersa snails was successfully employed both as bio-reducing agent of silver nitrate and as bio-stabilizer of the obtained nanoparticles. Several trials were carried out by varying temperature, the volume of snail slime and the silver nitrate concentration to find the best biogenic pathway to produce silver nanoparticles. The best results were obtained when the synthesis was performed at room temperature and neutral pH. UV–Visible Spectroscopy, SEM-TEM and FTIR were used for a detailed characterization of the nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles are spherical, with mean diameters measured from TEM images ranging from 15 to 30 nm and stable over time. The role of proteins and glycoproteins in the biogenic production of silver nanoparticles was elucidated. Infrared spectra clearly showed the presence of proteins all around the silver core. The macromolecular shell is also responsible of the effectiveness of the synthesized AgNPs to inhibit Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial growth.

Chronic wounds result from the failure of the normal wound healing process. Any delay during the tissue repair process could be defined as chronic wound healing, potentially having a highly detrimental impact on human health. To face this problem, in the last years, the use of different technologies alternative to therapeutic agents is gaining more attention. The Helix aspersa snail slime-based products are increasingly being used for skin injury, thanks to their ability to make tissue repair processes faster. To date, a comprehensive overview of pure snail slime metabolome is not available. Besides, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) technology is spreading rapidly in the medical environment, and the search for AuNPs "green" synthetic routes that involve natural products as precursor agents is demanded, alongside with a deep comprehension of the kind of species that actively take part in synthesis and product stabilization. The aim of this work is to characterize the metabolic profile of a pure snail slime sample, by an untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry-based analysis. In addition, insights on AuNPs synthesis and stabilization by the main components of pure snail slime used to induce the synthesis were obtained. The untargeted analysis provided a large list of important classes of metabolites, that is, fatty acid derivatives, amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates and polyphenolic compounds that could be appreciated in both samples of slime, with and without AuNPs. Moreover, a direct comparison of the obtained results suggests that mostly nitrogen and sulfur-bearing metabolites take part in the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acne is the condition of abnormal skin which is indicated by inflammation caused by the bacterial infection of Propionibacterium acnes. The natural one which can be used for the medical treatment of acne is the snail mucus (Achatina fulica). The achasin protein of it has antibacterial activity. That snail mucus was made to the emulgel form. This research has used an experimental method and the emulgel formulation used the various concentration of emulsifying agents and the gelling agent. They were Tween 80 1.76%, 2.44%, 3.12%, Span 80 2.24%, 4.06%, 5.88% and HPMC 3.5%, 4.5%, 5.5%. Other additives were propylene glycol, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, paraffin liquid, menthol, and aquadest. Those formulations were tested in physical evaluation during 4 weeks of storage in room temperature, irritation test, hedonic test, and cycling test. The organoleptic test showed that the emulgel were the milk-white color with a distinctive smell. All emulgel were homogenous, non-irritant, with emulsion type oil in water (o/w). This emulgel also met the normal skin of pH value and spread ability’s range. The emulgel viscosity shift was < 10%, with the viscosity value inversely proportional to spreadability. Formula C with 3.12% of Tween 80, 5.88% of Span 80 and 5.5% of HPMC was claimed as the most stable formula both in room temperature and after cycling test. It was also the most preferred by the panelist.

Snail secretion is currently revolutionizing the world of cosmetics and human skin care. The efficacy of snail secretion in wounds healing has been proven both in vitro and by clinical studies. However, the potential anti-tumor effect of snail secretion was poorly investigated. In this report, our in vitro study showed that Helix aspersa maxima species snail slime (SS) could not only treat melanogenesis but also endowed with anti-tumoral activity against human melanoma cells. Indeed, SS reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity on B16F10 cells with IC 50 values of 288 μg/mL and 286 μg/mL, respectively, without altering cell viability. This effect was also observed, at a lesser extent, on human melanoma IGR-39 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines. On another hand, SS specifically inhibited the viability of IGR-39 and SK-MEL-28 cells associated to an apoptotic effect highlighted by PARP cleavage. It is worth to note that SS did not affect the viability of B16F10 cells and non tumorigenic HaCaT cells. Interestingly, this extract was found to inhibit migration and invasion of both human melanoma cells through reducing the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase MMP2. Snail slime also exerted a high inhibitory effect on IGR-39 cell adhesion through blocking the function of α 2 β 1 (45%), α v β 3 (38%) integrins and by reducing the expression levels of α v and β 1 integrins. The presented results shed light on the potential anti-melanoma effect of SS and support its use against skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their properties, snail slime-based products have been appreciated and used worldwide. So, as an alternative and innovative use of snail slime, it was adopted to induce gold nanoparticles' formation, conferring them interesting properties. By a simple, one-pot, and eco-friendly approach, 14 ± 6 nm wide hybrid gold nanoparticles, having an inorganic metallic core decorated by the slime's main components, were obtained. Among their several properties, their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activity were investigated through the DPPH and ABTS and the tyrosinase assays, respectively. After assessing their non-cytotoxicity in our previous work, the results revealed positive responses, enabling their use as a potential novel multifunctional ingredient in cosmetics. Interestingly, the gold nanoparticle photostability, investigated by means of a solar simulator lamp, suggests using them in commercial cosmetic sunscreen products as a potential alternative to the commonly used inorganic sunscreen ingredients. The theoretical Sun Protection Factor was evaluated, obtaining values in the range 0–12. The proposed environmentally friendly and cost-effective protocol for nanoparticle synthesis, following the principles of Green Chemistry, opens a hugely attractive space toward the study of snail slime-based gold nanoparticles as a potential multipurpose platform in cosmetics. [Display omitted] • Safe and eco-friendly formation of gold nanoparticles, successfully performed by using snail slime. • Synthesized AuNPs-SS showed interesting antioxidant and skin-lightening properties. • Very effective sunscreen performances were also evaluated. • AuNPs-SS appear as a very interesting multifunctional ingredient in cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, synthetic plastic polymers have been the most practical and economical solution for packaging applications due to their low cost, availability, excellent optical, mechanical and barrier properties and resistance against water. However, most of the plastics used for packaging are hardly biodegradable. With a view to a circular economy, the aim of this work focused on the development of a new material made of commercial cellulose derivatives (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose) mixed with snail mucus extracted from Helix Aspersa Muller. Increasing in Snail Mucus content enhances films elongation and adhesion strength while decreasing water vapor permeability. The cellulose-snail mucus based films are highly transparent but, more interestingly, the mucus confers UV-screening effect. In addition, the composite films exhibit antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, snail mucus addition to carboxymethyl cellulose strongly decreases films solubility in water. The biodegradation tests indicate that all the films degrade in soil between two and four weeks. The excellent results indicate that these biocomposite films are very good candidate for food packaging. Image 1 • Food packaging films were developed using snail slime and cellulose derivatives, namely HPMC and CMC. • Snail slime strongly improves mechanical and barrier properties of cellulose based films. • Films exhibit good antibacterial activity and high UV–vis light barrier. • Addition of snail slime reduces solubility of CMC based films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone damage is a result of periodontal disease that occurs due to changes in osteoclast and osteoblast activity in response to local inflammation. The bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans produces Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can increase osteoclast activity., Aim: This study aimed to analyse the decrease in alveolar bone osteoclasts in periodontitis rats' model with the application of snail slime., Methods: Wistar rats (27) with periodontitis divided into three groups, namely the control group (debridement), P1 group (debridement and application of oral snail slime) 300 Mg/Kg Body weight, P2 group (debridement, application of topical snail slime) 0.1 Mg. Osteoclast profile analysis was carried out by HE staining procedure to determine the histological feature of osteoclasts. The statistical significance was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk Test, One Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc test (p < 0.05)., Results: Osteoclast profile in rats with periodontitis applied with snail slime significantly decreased the number of osteoclasts with both oral and topical administration, there were significant differences in the number of osteoclasts between groups (one way ANOVA, p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences between groups P1 and P2 (Post Hoc, p > 0.05)., Conclusion: In this study, there was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts which were slipped by snail slime in Wistar rats with periodontitis; this indicates a periodontitis healing process.