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Background: The opioid crisis is a serious public health issue in Canada. There have been many surveillance programs and research studies on opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits at a national, provincial, regional or municipal level. However, no published studies have investigated the in-depth contexts surrounding opioid-related ED visits. In addition, few studies have examined injuries other than poisonings in those visits. The objective of this study is to investigate the contextual factors and co-occurrence of poisonings and injuries among the opioid-related ED visits in a Canadian sentinel surveillance system on injuries and poisonings from 2011 to 2022. Methods: This study used a mixed methods design. The data source was the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. We first selected all opioid-related ED visits during our study period and then identified the contextual factors through a content analysis of the combination of the narrative description and other variables in the patients' records. The contextual factors were organized into themes as opioid use context, social resource utilization, bystander involvement, and prior naloxone use. The opioid use context was used as a co-variable to examine the other themes and ED presentations (poisonings and other injuries). Quantitative descriptive approach was used to analyze all the contexts and ED presentations. Results: The most common opioid use context was non-prescribed opioid use without intention to cause harm, followed by self-poisoning, children's exposure, and medication error. Various rare contexts occurred. Paramedics participated in 27.9% of visits. Police and security guards were involved in 5.1% and 2.3% of visits, respectively. Child welfare or social workers were involved in 0.4% of visits. Bystanders initiated 18.9% of the ED visits. Naloxone use before arriving at the ED occurred in 23.4% of the visits with a variety of administrators. The majority of patients presented with poisoning effects, either with poisoning effects only or with other injuries or conditions. Conclusions: Our study has provided an in-depth analysis of contextual factors and co-occurrence of poisonings and injuries among opioid-related ED visits in Canada. This information is important for ED programming and opioid-related poisoning and injury intervention and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower childbearing intentions can stem from a lack of social resources. However, not only actual but also perceived social support might signal that parents and parents-to-be will not be alone after having a child. Using register and GGS-Finland data from 2021-22, we investigate how emotional and instrumental support received from parents and other social network members, as well as a person’s subjective feeling that their social network is sufficient (measured as the absence of loneliness), are associated with fertility intentions. Logistic regression models reveal that receiving instrumental support ‒ especially financial support ‒ from parents and other relatives (but not non-kin) is associated with higher childbearing intentions. Not feeling lonely is also associated with higher childbearing intentions, particularly among individuals aged 26-30 years. Gender and partnership status nuance these associations. We conclude that social resources ‒ indicated by both perceived and received support ‒ shape childbearing intentions for those approaching or in prime childbearing age. The lack of perceived social resources among young adults may contribute to relatively low fertility, even in a high-income country with generous family policies such as Finland.

Lower childbearing intentions can stem from a lack of social resources. However, not only actual but also perceived social support might signal that parents and parents-to-be will not be alone after having a child. Using register and GGSFinland data from 2021-22, we investigate how emotional and instrumental support received from parents and other social network members, as well as a person's subjective feeling that their social network is sufficient (measured as the absence of loneliness), are associated with fertility intentions. Logistic regression models reveal that receiving instrumental support - especially financial support - from parents and other relatives (but not non-kin) is associated with higher childbearing intentions. Not feeling lonely is also associated with higher childbearing intentions, particularly among individuals aged 26-30 years. Gender and partnership status nuance these associations. We conclude that social resources - indicated by both perceived and received support - shape childbearing intentions for those approaching or in prime childbearing age. The lack of perceived social resources among young adults may contribute to relatively low fertility, even in a high-income country with generous family policies such as Finland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers as an integral element of the municipality potential a social resource formed by the population of the municipality participating or involved in the processes of solving problems of local importance through the implementation of initiative projects. It is shown that improving of urban environment quality is based on the plots transformation (improvement, improvement) principles of land, buildings, the land and property complexes formation, the needs and development trends coordination founded on their forecasting and planning, and must consider priorities established by municipality at realisation of practice of initiative projects. The developed organisational and methodological scheme for the preparation and implementation of initiative projects and, within the framework of project management, the initiative project life cycle parameters are presented. An assessment of the contribution of the implemented initiative project to the potential of the municipality is proposed.

The purpose of this study is to explore business crowdfunding donation campaigns in which there is no reward or incentive provided to the donor. Specifically, crowdfunding campaigns benefiting restaurants and their employees are examined in two large U.S. cities during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine whether the level of social embeddedness and the amount of social capital available to restaurants affected the amount donated. This study's findings indicate that the social embeddedness for COVID-19 restaurant donation campaigns is not related to the amount donated. There is a significant difference in donation amounts for campaigns started by the restaurant owner or an individual connected to the restaurant compared to campaigns started by GoFundMe. There is also a significant difference in the amounts of funds donated and the number of shares made for campaigns in large population cities compared to those not in large cities. Examinations of donation campaigns for the benefit of businesses provide new insight into the use of this emerging financial platform, particularly in relation to social embeddedness and social resource theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social contacts and social support represent resources that contribute to resilience. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated measures, including contact restrictions, posed challenges for young adults' social networks, in particular for their friendships. Employing a mixed-method approach, we investigated the pandemic's effects on friendships and their role in successfully navigating the crisis. We combined a qualitative approach based on narratives and in-depth interviews and a quantitative approach based on online surveys focusing on university students in Austria. Longitudinal data collections allowed investigating changes and developments as the pandemic progressed. Results indicate profound challenges for participants' friendships and difficulties in both building new and maintaining existing friendships. This also impaired the provision of social support by friends, scattering participants' social resources and diminishing their resilience rather than strengthening it. Altogether, the results of this longitudinal study suggest a lasting negative effect of the pandemic on friendships for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation safety has been widely discussed for avoiding forward collisions. The broad concept of remote sensing can be applied to detect the front of vehicles without contact. The traditional Haar features use adjacent rectangular areas for many ordinary vehicle studies to detect the front vehicle images in practice. This paper focused on large vehicles using a front-installed digital video recorder (DVR) with a near-infrared (NIR) camera. The views of large and ordinary vehicles are different; thus, this study used a deep learning method to process progressive improvement in moving vehicle detection. This study proposed a You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) supplemented with the fence method, called YOLOv4(III), to enhance vehicle detection. This method had high detection accuracy and low false omission rates using the general DVR equipment, and it provided comparison results. There was no need to have a high specification front camera, and the proposed YOLOv4(III) was found to have competitive performance. YOLOv4(III) reduced false detection rates and had a more stable frame per second (FPS) performance than with Haar features. This improved detection method can give an alert for large vehicle drivers to avoid serious collisions, leading to a reduction in the waste of social resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The issue considered in the article is of relevance due to the innovative vector of modern social and economic development, as well as to the inevitability of transition to the new, sixth, technological order based on a knowledge-intensive mode of production. Processes associated with mastering emerging technologies actively proceed now in the world’s leading economies. The strategic competitiveness of Russia is limited by the state of productive forces and the level of development of industrial relations. To rectify the present situation an impetus that can accelerate the dynamics of economic processes is necessary. The aim of the study is to identify the role of juvenile potential in ensuring sustainable economic development, as well as to determine the conditions for its provision and implementation as a factor in the transition to the sixth technological order. Materials and Methods. The research methodology was based on the general scientific methods (those of scientific abstraction, unity of the historical and the logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and the special methods of cognition (the integrative method that implies the necessity to analyze economic, social, legal and other prerequisites). The information base of the research was made up of official statistical data, legal acts, and scientific works in the field of human and juvenile potential. Results. On the basis of the identified system of indicators of juvenile potential, an assessment of its elements and conditions of its fulfillment as a factor in reproduction of productive forces of the sixth technological order was carried out. The revealed disproportions and the negative factors that caused them make it possible to determine the conditions for effective realization of juvenile potential as a social resource for progressive development of the Russian economy in a strategic perspective. Discussion and Conclusion. The scientific importance of the obtained results consists in the elaboration of the scientific concept of juvenile potential, its conceptual and categorical framework, as well as in the systematization of theoretical approaches to the development of performance indicators. The results can be used to substantiate promising directions of socio-economic, youth, and education policies, as well as those dealing with organization and monitoring of socio-economic development of the state and territories.

Social contacts and social support represent resources that contribute to resilience. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated measures, including contact restrictions, posed challenges for young adults’ social networks, in particular for their friendships. Employing a mixed-method approach, we investigated the pandemic’s effects on friendships and their role in successfully navigating the crisis. We combined a qualitative approach based on narratives and in-depth interviews and a quantitative approach based on online surveys focusing on university students in Austria. Longitudinal data collections allowed investigating changes and developments as the pandemic progressed. Results indicate profound challenges for participants’ friendships and difficulties in both building new and maintaining existing friendships. This also impaired the provision of social support by friends, scattering participants’ social resources and diminishing their resilience rather than strengthening it. Altogether, the results of this longitudinal study suggest a lasting negative effect of the pandemic on friendships for students.

The research tradition on social relationships, social networks, and health dates back to the beginning of sociology. As exemplified in the classic work of Durkheim, Simmel, and Tönnies, social relationships and social networks play a double-edged—protective and detrimental—role for health. However, this double-edged role has been given unbalanced attention. In comparison to the salubrious role, the deleterious role has received less scrutiny and needs a focused review and conceptual integration. This article selectively reviews the post-2000 studies that demonstrate the harmful physical and mental health consequences of social relationships (intimate relationships and parenthood) and social networks. It uses a parsimonious three-category typology—structural forms, structural composition, and contents—to categorize relationship and network properties and proposes the social cost model, in contrast to the social resource model, to synthesize and integrate the adverse aspects of these properties. It concludes with future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are competing perspectives on the impact of Hispanic immigrants’ social networks on health; the Hispanic health paradox views networks as sources of resilience, whereas the tenuous ties perspective views networks as sources of risk. In this study, I explore the effect of networks on health by examining three network pathways: social capital, social bonding, and network stress. Using egocentric social network data from the VidaSana Study, a survey of 547 Hispanic immigrants in Indiana, I investigate how each network pathway is associated with physical health, mental health, and health care utilization. Results show that networks with greater capital, namely, more network health knowledge, promote physical health and health care access, whereas social bonding, operationalized as close and dense networks, benefits mental health and health care utilization. Network stress contributes to worse mental health yet improved health care access. Implications for social networks and health research among the Hispanics and more broadly are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-depth promotion of poverty alleviation and comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy are important strategic tasks during the period of China's construction of a moderately prosperous society. At present, the poverty alleviation and rural revitalization are in a period of historical convergence, and the intensity of policies and investment is unprecedentedly huge. Rural revitalization is what we must continue to do after poverty alleviation. Only when the two are seamlessly connected can the results of poverty alleviation have consolidated, and rural revitalization policies can have effectively implemented. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to use the system as the support, to make up for shortcomings as the focus, to solve the problem as the orientation, and to improve the system and mechanism of rural revitalization based on consolidating the results of poverty alleviation. This article puts forward the research on the countermeasures for the revitalization and development of agricultural industries in poverty-stricken areas, which is conducive to the upgrading of agricultural products under the guidance of the rural revitalization strategy and the plan to return to poverty after 2020. It also helps to re-understand rural revitalization in the process of poverty alleviation, learn from the valuable experience accumulated in poverty alleviation, and steadily promote high-quality agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects an experience of empirical research on the institutional and regulatory component in the modernization of Russian regions that are historically at different levels of civilizational development. The information basis of the study includes findings of a mass representative survey (“civil examination”) conducted by the Center for the Sociology of Management and Social Technology at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; the survey was carried out in four constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Moscow Oblast, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Belgorod Oblast and the Republic of Kalmykia; the assessment of their development include criteria of the level of socio-cultural modernization (grant # 15-18-30077). We believe that higher education is an underestimated resource of the state strategy for socio-cultural modernization of regions. People with higher education are considered as an avant-garde social group able to exert an increasing influence on the harmonious development of the country. This group is characterized as a “soft” force in the support of constructive actions of the power vertical and in the future – as a centripetal factor capable of providing a high level of solidarity in the Russian society in solving multidisciplinary problems of modernization. We elaborate the research tools outlined in the article “The Role of Institute of Higher Education in Solving the Issues of Socio-Cultural Modernization of Regions” (Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 2017, vol. 10, no. 5). We clarify the empirically tested hypotheses: first, socio-cultural modernization of Russian regions is associated with the degree of development of their government systems that depend, in turn, on social organization and self-organization, the hierarchy of groups, including the population with higher education, and their interest in the process of modernization; second, the social group of the population with higher education is an electorate with average estimates of social and political activity, which can play an important role in the development of problem situations in regions with different levels of modernization and in the creation of new models of organizational development and management. The goal of our study is to identify the degree of social support that the population with higher education provides to the policy of the power vertical and its individual links. We provide the results of analysis of socio-economic indicators of regional development, taking into account the place and role of the population with higher education. The tools of the survey are designed to conduct further comparative studies on larger samples

Students are one of the most studied communities within the sociology context and especially the youths’ sociology and the sociology of education. Today, students are viewed both as the intellectual avant-garde force, leaders of social initiatives of the Russian youths and as a specific educational community. This study is based on the traditional method of document analysis, which allows us to identify key fields of the research. The research is devoted to the problems of changing students in the information society. The authors substantiate the need and prospects for studying students as a ’digital community’. A review of the social, political, sociocultural and other aspects of comprehensive students was conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present the interaction of the key factors for the development of the Tourism sector on the territory of Strandja National Park. The authors believe that building effective functional links between all participants would increase the competitiveness of the tourism industry and the region both. Despite a number of projects to promote the Strandja region as a tourist destination, this area is still not preferred. It is necessary to make an analysis of the opportunities and limitations, local resources and their potential for development. The study emphasized on the key characteristics that make a particular location unique. Moreover, the development of some specific social capital and marketing strategies is a necessary tool for attracting specific target group. Strandja Nature Park is the largest protected area in the Republic of Bulgaria with an area of 1161 square kilometers. It covers the Bulgarian part of the Strandja Mountains, bordering the Republic of Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. The whole municipality of Malko Tarnovo, part of the municipality of Tsarevo and a small part of the municipality of Primorsko are located on its territory. It includes 21 settlements with a population of about 8,000 people. The creation of a functional tourism cluster, composed of representatives of the sector in the region, would generate the synergy necessary to attract tourist flows, due to the fact that they are embedded in the structure of the economy of impressions, the ability to offer the traveler a tourist product. of local culture and traditions. The Strandja region has a huge cultural potential and the offer of tourism in the region should focus on promoting the specific local food and cuisine. Establishing permanent contacts, trusted relationships and cooperation, exchanging experiences and sharing resources are some of the advantages of working in a network, which is means of increasing the competitiveness of a region. We will thoroughly examine this specific set of tools in order to determine the exact amount of actions for achieving success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a major factor that determines the potential for the increase of the economic growth as well as the opportunities for the creation of new job positions. The developing of the tourism infrastructure is a key issue for the local economic stability and especially for the reduction of the unemployment rate. A possible strategy for ensuring the progress of the tourism sector is the building of the social capital networks. The successful building/Implementing of social relations is a vital factor in each region's efforts to preserve its cultural heritage, including local traditions, cuisine and characteristics. The study focuses on social capital as a factor for increasing the tourist potential of a particular region in Bulgaria and to offer guidelines for ensuring sustainability in its development. Strandja Nature Park is the largest protected natural area in Bulgaria. It is known for its unique ecosystems and biodiversity, and the original Strandja folklore, culture and historical heritage are preserved on the territory. Strandja is the only Bulgarian territory included in the five priority areas for protection in Central and Eastern Europe. Despite the uniqueness of this area and the efforts of local authorities, the Strandja Nature Park remains poorly attractive for mass tourism. In the years after Bulgaria became member state of the European Union the opportunities to work on European projects significantly improve the development of the region. Social capital relates to make strong ties to others within a system. It represents the resources that are acquired through building personal and professional relationships, plans and ideas, business communications, human and financial capital, influence, trust, emotional commitment, friendship and cooperation. Exactly such aspects contribute to the development of the competencies of the people employed in the tourism industry. In order to be able to develop a competitive product, adequate attention must first and foremost be paid to the employees who offer this product. The most important item aspect of a good tourist business is an added value for the end user and the innovative approach of offering. A specific research on the issue could present a comprehensive concept for development of social capital. Training methods and specialized workshops could strengthen the critical thinking of tourist entrepreneurs in Strandja area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

150th anniversary of Marx’s Das Kapital calls for yet another contemporary evaluation of Karl Marx’s legacy. The article argues that Marx’s most important and the longest standing contribution into social science is not „historical materialism” nor any particular form of “critical theory” – it is the concept of capital as a specific mode of creating value. The article seeks to extract the six major features of capital as described by Marx and demonstrate their conceptual originality and novelty. It also shows how numerous contemporary social scientist borrow and apply this category to the fields quite remote from Marx’s own research terrain. But the fact of multiplicity of capitals and quite remarkable homologies between them should not lead us to premature conclusion namely that the social world can be adequately represented as a system or hierarchy of capitals.

The subject of the article is the poorly studied to date social phenomenon of family entrepreneurship as a type of joint labor activities of family members, which improves the family’s standard of living. The phenomenon of family entrepreneurship is considered from the standpoint of the sociological approach in four perspectives: as a social process, as a type of collective work activity, as a form of group economic behavior of family members as a small group, and as a form of educational work on the formation of children’s needs and working skills. From the perspective of gender sociology family entrepreneurship is considered as a type of gender-neutral entrepreneurship, in which all family members can participate, regardless of gender attribute, but with different degrees of involvement in a family business. A positive prerequisite for the development of family entrepreneurship in the Russian market is the active integration of women in business and the development of gender-oriented entrepreneurship (male and female) in Russia. Each of these types, with its own experience, specifics, and dynamics of development, has a positive impact on the spread of family entrepreneurship. Based on the method of content analysis the degree of actualization of public and scientific attention to the problem of family entrepreneurship, scientific approaches to its study and the potential for further spread are revealed. The findings of the content analysis are supplemented by the results of narrative interviews with entrepreneurs revealing the degree of their understanding of the essence of family entrepreneurship, its strengths, and weaknesses, risks, and potential, the attitude of entrepreneurs to increasing economic activity of family members. The assessment of factors hindering the development of family entrepreneurship, its prospects, and expectations of forms of government assistance to this process is provided. The social potential of family entrepreneurship, its educational role in the formation of children’s labor skills, and intergenerational continuity of family business are emphasized in the research.

The article presents a multidimensional contextual analysis of the status and trendline of the development of Russian society in the new reality, which is influenced by external and internal threats and risks that are in turn intensified by the current economic crisis. The empirical basis of the article consists of the results of three waves of a nationwide sociological monitoring survey (N = 4,000) conducted in 2014–2015. The author devotes particular attention to the population's adaptability and an analysis of the practices of economic and political behavior of Russians in crisis situations. He takes note of the presence in Russian self-awareness of an understanding of the co-dependency of internal and external factors that affect the socioeconomic situation of our compatriots and the development of social processes in the country. The article identifies the primary forms in which the crisis impacts everyday Russian life, as well as strategies of adaptation by members of various occupational groups and inhabitants of various territorial and settlement entities, which have been predetermined by the diversification of their earnings and nature of their employment. It concludes that Russian society is strongly trending in the direction of a modern consumer society, in which the population's dependency on the government is gradually diminishing and personal interests are beginning to prevail over public interests. It verifies Russians' choice in favor of "great-power" institutions, which makes it possible to describe the institutional trust in society as not only hierarchical but also holistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]