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“Terre de liens” (TDL) is an activist organisation in France whose main objectives are to maintain farmland, provide support to the setting up of farmers and raise public awareness on land tenure issues. Thanks to savings and public donations, TDL purchases land, withdrawing it definitively from the market to lease it to farmers engaged in organic processes. Thus, it seeks to reterritorialise agriculture and recreate a collective link to land, which the State and the market had transformed into a sectoral business and private speculation object.Based on a sociological study of agricultural profession, a TDL’s ethnographic approach, enriched with a statistical survey and semi-structured interviews, this study focuses on those who farm on these collective land plots. It examines the socio-professional changes which follows TDL's support to farmers. The latter generally set up on farms with no family connection, develop small-scale organic farming and a vision of their profession combining environmental sensitivity and social responsibility. Even though their activities are in agreement with TDL's expectations, their relationship to land is not uniform nor stabilised. The various tensions TDL experiences, from covering repair work of buildings to arrangements for the representation of farmers, show the ambiguities of collective land management. They illustrate the issues an alternative organisation raises in the context of the definition of a contemporary peasant identity, where freedoms and socio-professional constraints combine in complex arrangements., Le mouvement Terre de liens (TDL) en France poursuit l’ambition de préserver les terres agricoles, soutenir les porteurs de projets agricoles en leur permettant de s’installer et sensibiliser le public aux questions foncières. Grâce à de l’épargne et des dons citoyens, TDL acquiert du foncier, le retire définitivement du marché en le louant à des agriculteurs engagés dans des démarches biologiques. Il tente ainsi de reterritorialiser l’agriculture et de recréer un lien collectif à la terre que l’État et le marché avait transformé en objet de gestion sectorielle et de spéculation privative. À partir d’une étude sociologique de la profession agricole, d’une approche ethnographique de TDL, nourrie par une enquête statistique et des entretiens semi-directifs, nous nous sommes penchée sur ceux qui travaillent sur ces terres collectives. Nous avons examiné les transformations socioprofessionnelles qu’implique le soutien de TDL pour les fermiers. Ces derniers s’installent généralement hors cadre familial, développent une agriculture biologique, paysanne et une vision de leur métier où se mêlent sensibilité aux questions environnementales et responsabilité sociétale. Quoi que leurs activités correspondent aux attentes de TDL, leur rapport à la terre n’est pas uniforme ni stabilisé. Les diverses tensions qui traversent TDL, de la prise en charge des travaux de réfection du bâti jusqu’aux modalités de représentation des fermiers, donnent à voir les ambiguïtés d’une gestion foncière collective. Elles témoignent des questions qui se posent pour une organisation alternative face à la définition d’une identité paysanne contemporaine, où liberté et contraintes socioprofessionnelles se combinent dans de complexes agencements.

In my doctoral thesis, which I have elaborated on the basis of my diploma thesis Doubled Identity of Crew Members on Cruise Ships as the Instrument of Cultural Adaptation, supervised by Mgr. Helena Tužinská, PhD., I have analysed the way of life of crew members sharing the multiethnical territory of cruise ships. Crew members working there come from over 50 different countries. In spite of their different origins and cultures which have been forming their behaviour and way of thinking, they share small space without any conflicts. My goal is to sum up the basic conditions which should be met in any multiethnical society to ensure that there would not be any conflicts between its habitants. According to my hypothesis there is a need of other than ethnical identity which could unify them on other than ethnical basis. In the territory of cruise ships it is the socio-professional identity of 'crew member '. I found out that there are two main factors responsible for successful co-existence of people from different cultures here - communication and the system of values. That is why from all factors in which we can observe socio-professional identity of crew members I preferably analyse rules and norms established by crew members and lingua franca used on cruise ships called 'ship language'. The specific...

In my doctoral thesis I analyse way of life of crew members sharing the multiethnic territory of cruise ships. I tended to investigate this theme after I had experienced an extraordinary cooperation of people from all around the world on cruise ships. My goal is to sum up basic conditions which should be fulfilled in any multiethnic society to ensure that there would not be any conflicts between its habitants. According to my hypothesis there is a need of other than ethnical identity which could unify them on other than ethnical basis. In the territory of cruise ships it is socio-professional identity of „crew member“. From all factors in which we can observe socio-professional identity of crew members I attend communication and value system.