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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In southern Manitoba, Canada, a survey was carried out in 2012 and 2013 to determine the presence of Heteroderidae cyst-forming plant-parasitic nematodes, with a focus on the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines). A total of 48 fields having grown soybean were sampled. A modified Fenwick elutriation-flotation technique was used to extract cysts with a 75% cyst recovery efficiency. Cyst population density averaged 0.9 cysts kg−1 soil, with a total of 65 cysts recovered. Preliminary screening of cysts, based on general body shape and vulval cone top structure, showed the presence of cysts belong to circumfenestrate, and ambifenestrate groups of cyst-forming nematodes. Limited morphological data was accessible due to poor quality or insufficient cysts for analysis; however, generated DNA sequences for nuclear rDNA ITS and D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA were obtained for four samples and matched sequences in GenBank for the cyst nematodes Cactodera milleri, C. torreyanae, C. weissi, C. estonica and unknown Cactodera species. Only one of the ambifenestrate cysts with a cone top structure of Heterodera species yielded DNA for analysis and its identification was ambiguous for soybean cyst nematode (SCN). None of the cysts were positive through SCN diagnostic PCR. Cactodera is not a pest of soybean or other crops in Manitoba. These cyst nematodes are likely to be naturally associated with weeds and grasses in the sampled fields or may be introduced from neighbouring states of the USA. Further annual surveys are needed and recommended in the near future to encompass more soybean fields and corroborate the absence of the pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En América Latina ocurre un proceso de reprimarización de la economía, como respuesta a la creciente demanda de países del norte global. Aunque se presenta como una oportunidad para aprovechar las ventajas comparativas de la región, en la práctica esta reprimarización recurre a dinámicas violentas contra comunidades campesinas e indígenas para implantar un nuevo modelo de desarrollo basado en el agronegocio. En este artículo, se abordan dos estudios de caso, en Argentina y Colombia, para aproximarse al desarrollo del agronegocio de soja y de palma africana. Luego de una conceptualización, se caracterizan los dos modelos de agronegocio y finalmente se presentan los dos casos.

This article describes the political motivations and economic actions of China's global agribusiness project in the Brazilian soybean commodity chain. To verify these facts, we use literature review and qualitative data analysis through a long-term description of the political and economic actions of the Chinese agents. Additionally, we connect Chinese investments on the Brazilian soybean commodity chain as a practical representation of these actions. In sum, the article highlighted that long-term structures influence current actions in China and is being strengthened by the active participation of Chinese firms in commodity chains, such as Brazilian soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artigo integra ampla pesquisa acerca da cadeia produtiva da soja no Brasil. Apresenta como objetivo discutir a expansão da sojicultura no Brasil, num processo de reprimarização nacional, combinado com a desindustrialização e a desnacionalização, mediante referencial bibliográfico e dados oficiais. Busca refletir as contradições do modelo vigente de desenvolvimento preconizado por importantes agentes públicos e privados, com a averiguação de indicadores econômicos. Analisa a significância da sojicultura, baseada num modelo exógeno, de prevalência de oligopólios nacionais e estrangeiros. A reprimarização brasileira é fartamente incentivada pelo Estado, mediante significativas isenções fiscais, que causam impactos econômicos. As desonerações fiscais à exportação da commoditie soja e na manutenção da atividade agrícola, geram prejuízos ao Estado, a estados e municípios, o que provoca dificuldades em sanear as necessidades populacionais.

Zadnjih godina poljoprivrednici se sve više susreću s polaganim rastom temperatura zraka, a koje tijekom ljetnih mjeseci najčešće prati i nedostatak oborina. U Hrvatskoj nedovoljnu opskrbu vodom najlakše opažamo za kasne jarine poput kukuruza i soje jer se njihova aktivna vegetacija najvećim dijelom odvija tijekom najtoplijeg i najsušnijeg dijela godine (srpnja i kolovoza). Općenito se može reći da sa sve dužim razdobljem nedostatka vode tijekom vegetacije dolazi do sve većih šteta u usjevu jer biljke zaostaju u rastu, imaju manju veličinu lisne površine, a time će na kraju i njihov prirod odnosno prinos biti značajno umanjen. Suša koja nastupi za vrijeme kritičnog perioda za vodu najviše smanjuje prirod odnosno prinos uzgajane kulture, a u ekstremnim slučajevima mogu nastati i potpune štete. No, suša ima prvenstveno jako negativan utjecaj na prinos, dok je njen učinak na kakvoću prinosa odnosno priroda relativno malen. U stručnom radu se iznosi negativan učinak visokih temperatura zraka i nedostatka vode na prinos i kakvoću kukuruza i soje, dvije naše najraširenije jare kulture.

Objetivo da Investigação: Caracterização do Potencial de Uso Conservacionista dos municípios de Manoel Viana e São Francisco de Assis, RS, Brasil. Metodologia: Dados de pedologia, litologia e declividades foram ranqueados através da Análise Hierárquica de Processos. Posteriormente, seus valores foram ponderados através do cálculo do Potencial de Uso Conservacionista(PUC), o qual foi realizado no ambiente SIG QGIS. O mapa resultante foi comparado ao uso e cobertura da terra em 1985 e 2020 e também à estrutura fundiária da área de estudo. Resultados: O mapeamento resultante demonstrou que predominam na área de estudo os PUCs médio e alto, além da ocorrência em menor intensidade de locais com o índice muito baixo, baixo ou muito alto. A estrutura fundiária se mostrou distribuída principalmente em locais com PUC médio ou alto, além da ligeira detecção de minifúndios em PUC muito baixo e grandes propriedades em PUC muito alto. Com relação ao uso e cobertura da terra, se destacou o crescimento de formações florestais em PUCs baixo e médio, enquanto ocorrera o avanço do cultivo de soja e pastagens em todos PUC. Originalidade/Valor: Otrabalho permite a representação e análise quantitativa do Potencial de Uso Conservacionista, através da utilização de dados gratuitos e acessíveis, com metodologia que pode ser aplicada em diferentes cenários, sendo possível incluside a inclusão de novasvariáveis.

The most common mechanical damage to soybean in the agroecological conditions of Serbia occurs after the appearance of hail, floods or due to damage from wild animals and insects. In recent years, extreme temperatures accompanied by drought have been increasingly recorded during the summer months, as well as the appearance of hail, which has become frequent during the growing season of spring crops. The aim of this work was to determine the consequences and the extent of yield reduction if hail occurs in the generative stages of soybean development. The occurrence of hail in the R1 (beginning bloom) and R3 (beginning pod) stages of development in the form of plant damage was simulated. This paper will present the results of how three soybean varieties reacted after simulated hail damage in two stages of generative development and what the effects were on yield, height, number of fertile nodes, as well as percentage of plant regeneration. The trial was set up in 2020 as a two-factorial experiment in three replications. Three soybean varieties were sown in late April. In order to simulate hail damage, the plants were cut to a height of 15 cm to ensure at least two nodes and enable the regeneration of the plants. The stage of development of soybean, i.e. the moment of hail damage, had a direct impact on the yield, the number of regenerated plants, as well as the number of fertile nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world soybean production has doubled in the last 20 years, and Brazil was responsible for 52% of all soybeans exported worldwide in the 2021-2022 harvest. The state of Goiás accounts for 14.1 million tons of soybeans, and the Brazilian Midwest region was responsible for 46% of the 2021-2022 national harvest. Soybean production requires considerable electricity consumption. However, it is worrying that, in 2021, around 72% of the electricity used by the Brazilian agricultural sector came from non-renewable sources, such as firewood and diesel oil. In this context, the main objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between soybean production, electricity consumption, and the potential for reducing carbon dioxide emissions that can be achieved if rural producers choose to adopt photovoltaic energy systems. In evaluating this correlation, the analysis focuses on the period from 2005 to 2019, using secondary data with proven reliability. The results obtained reveal a strong correlation between soybean production and electricity consumption in rural areas. Furthermore, it is possible to identify that the introduction of photovoltaic generation systems would have avoided the emission of approximately 66 tons of CO2 during the 2020 harvest season in the southeastern region of Goiás. Given the significance of soybean cultivation in this region, these findings have significant implications for rural electrification program planning and management, as well as the development of more sustainable agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Krmiva is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomy Science is the property of University of Life Sciences in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomy Science is the property of University of Life Sciences in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomy Science is the property of University of Life Sciences in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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RESUMO A política agrícola brasileira, focada em crédito rural utilizado para a compra de insumos agrícolas que são, cada vez mais, controlados por empresas multinacionais estrangeiras, poderia estar indiretamente financiando corporações internacionais com os recursos públicos. Este trabalho analisa a alocação do crédito agrícola no Brasil e a participação dos grupos brasileiros nos segmentos de insumos produtivos para as duas principais cadeias produtivas consolidadas no país: a da soja e da bovinocultura. Os resultados revelam que a maior parte dos recursos de custeio vai para a cadeia produtiva da soja, em detrimento da bovinocultura, que representa grande parcela de estabelecimentos rurais. Os recursos investidos em produtores rurais que participam de cadeias de produção controladas por grupos multinacionais estrangeiros acabam, indiretamente, financiando empresas internacionais em detrimento ao agronegócio doméstico.

La soja es considerada uno de los cultivos más importantes del mundo, de igual manera los nematodos son de suma importancia a nivel mundial por su capacidad de causar enfermedades. Los nematodos fitoparásitos de los géneros Helicotylenchus, Scutellonema y Tylenchorhynchus han sido reportados en varias zonas de producción de soja. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, determinar el factor reproductivo de Helicotylenchus, Scutellonema y Tylenchorhynchus en cultivos de soja. Se seleccionaron cuatro campos comerciales de soja, en Itapúa y Canindeyú, los cuales fueron nombrados parcela comercial 1, 2, 3 y 4. Dentro de estos campos, se procedió a tomar 10 muestras compuestas al inicio de la siembra (población inicial) y al momento de la cosecha (población final). Se evaluó el factor reproductivo (FR) para cada nematodo fitoparásito usando la prueba de t de Student y se comparó si FR era igual o menor a uno (Ho) o mayor que uno (Ha). El nematodo Helicotylenchus fue detectado en las cuatro parcelas, pero solo en las parcelas comerciales 3 y 4 el FR fue significativamente mayor a 1 (P-valué). Se identificó la presencia de Scutellonema en las parcelas comerciales 1, 2 y 4 y el FR fue significativamente superior a 1 (P-valué). Tylenchorhynchus fue identificado en las parcelas comerciales 2 y 3 y en ambos casos, el FR fue significativamente superior a 1. Por lo tanto, se comprobó que los géneros Helicotylenchus, Scutellonema y Tylenchorhynchus se reproducen en campos asociados al cultivo de soja, por lo que pueden ser considerados posibles patógenos de este cultivo en Paraguay

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Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En Argentina, el sector agropecuario ha tenido un lugar destacado en la economía nacional. Con el objetivo de analizar el margen bruto, esta investigación de estructura teórica-empírica, de diseño no experimental, descriptivo y transversal, ha encuestado 67 productores sojeros del domo agrícola de la Provincia del Chaco. Los hallazgos incluyen el modelo de negocio, el protocolo agronómico y el margen bruto como indicador que permite comparar resultados parciales -entre actividades, cultivos, tecnologías y campañas- al considerar aquellos costos que le son directamente atribuibles a cada unidad de costeo. Si bien, en el sector agrícola, es ampliamente usado por su practicidad, parte de la doctrina reconoce sus limitaciones al excluir importantes componentes de los cargos globales del ente y al establecer, de forma errónea, una relación causal con el volumen de actividad basada en considerar como sinónimos: costos directos y variables. Dicha causalidad se aprecia mediante la contribución marginal y es importante que el asesoramiento a empresas agrícolas ofrezca esa alternativa dado que, desde el punto de vista técnico, permite explicar los resultados relacionados con la ges­tión ligando los costos e ingresos ante cambios en el nivel de operación.

A inusitada relação diplomática entre Paraguai e Taiwan completou mais de seis décadas. Nos últimos anos, porém, são crescentes os movimentos de contestação à pertinência dessa ligação diplomática. Nas eleições presidenciais de 2023, por exemplo, o posicionamento do país latino-americano foi confrontado por um candidato de oposição ao vencedor, Sebastian Peña, do Partido Colorado. Anteriormente, senadores e deputados paraguaios já haviam colocado em pauta o reconhecimento diplomático de Pequim como forma de satisfazer os interesses paraguaios. O presente estudo, então, busca elucidar os fatores históricos que compõem a relação entre as nações e compreender o conjunto de elementos internos e externos que vêm desafiando essa relação nos dias atuais. Entende-se que Paraguai e Taiwan se aproximaram durante a Guerra Fria por razões ideológicas, e estreitaram laços por outras iniciativas de cooperação. Recentemente, entretanto, a realidade doméstica paraguaia tem se transformado economicamente com o avanço da produção e das exportações de soja e politicamente com uma maior complexificação do processo de formulação de política externa. Assim, em um contexto de ascensão chinesa, elevaram-se os questionamentos sobre a conveniência de manter o reconhecimento a Taipei em detrimento de Pequim, podendo trazer importantes desdobramentos em médio e longo prazo.

Fertilizer is the basic input for the agricultural sector, but Brazil is still deficient in its production, obtaining a level of imports greater than 80%, wich makes it dependent on foreign production. This generates price oscillations, directly affecting the cost of production, mainly in small agricultural enterprises, where the purchasing power of producers decreases. The objective of this article is to evaluate this reality and its effects on rural development, also emphasizing government actions in the face of this situation. For that, emphasis was placed on the bibliographical research method. Among the results, the country's dependence on fertilizers has increased in the last nine years and government actions, such as the National Fertilizer Plan, would help to improve this situation as long as some plausible resolution, case of investments in the national production of this input, targets become efficient in the short term, so that the current crisis situation is temporary and not structural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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