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This article reports a case of a large intracranial arachnoid cyst in a soldier who had performed well. This is a very marvelous and interesting case. Although the cyst pressed the entire brain into the contralateral cranial cavity, the patient did not show any significant clinical symptoms and had excellent motor and cognitive abilities, reflecting the excellent plasticity of the brain tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the features of social security for military personnel in the State of Israel. In particular, it highlights the relevance of this issue for scientific research and practical application in the current historical realities of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze the characteristics of social security for military personnel in the State of Israel. The subject of the study is the features of the social security system for Israeli military personnel, including its principles, structure, main benefits and services, as well as sources of funding. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the features of social security for Israeli military personnel, taking into account the latest changes in this field. Over the years of its development, the social security system for Israeli military personnel has become one of the most advanced in the world, making it a special object for scientific research, especially in the context of the full-scale war unfolding in Ukraine. The social security of Israeli military personnel is comprehensive and covers various areas. The article examines the principles of the social security system for Israeli military personnel, such as compulsory service, universality, targeted assistance, and funding. Significant attention is paid to analyzing the structure of this system, highlighting its main components and directions, which include state civil insurance, military social insurance, and social services. The article discusses the features of Israeli military personnel receiving benefits and free services related to medical care, housing, food, education, etc. It also outlines the directions and sources of funding for this budgetary sector in Israel. The key features of the Israeli social security system for military personnel are compared with the Ukrainian system. Special attention is given to the key features of veteran social protection, specifically for military personnel with the status of "discharged soldier," "active reservist," "discharged soldier with a disability," and "wounded soldier." The article also addresses the issue of providing appropriate social protection for the families of deceased military personnel. The results of the study can be used to improve the social security system for military personnel in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commitment of soldiers to the military is essential because it could lead to increased morale, motivation and retention. Despite the accumulation of knowledge about predictors of organizational commitment (OC), efforts to investigate environmental factors influencing OC are in their infancy. We note that individuals shape their attitudes toward the environment based on information obtained from their surroundings, and we investigate peer effects on OC using data from a natural experiment of randomly-assigned military academy roommates. A total of 400 cadets (Sex ratio: 93.5% male, Age: 21.13 $ \pm $ ± 1.43 years) from 136 living quarters participated in this quantitative study. In both self- and roommate-reports, we found that the average affective commitment (AC), continuance commitment (CC), and normative commitment (NC) of roommates in a living quarter can still predict AC, CC, and NC of the remaining individual in that same living quarter, respectively, even after controlling for the personal predictors of that remaining individual. Additionally, in self-report, we discovered that when there is a high heterogeneity in AC among roommates within a living quarter, the AC of the remaining individual in that living quarter tends to be higher, even after controlling for the personal predictors of that remaining individual. These findings provide initial evidence that attempting to assign soldiers with low OC to the same living quarters as those with high OC may be worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have identified university students and military personnel as highly susceptible to the stress and emotional challenges imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 on soldiers and students based on risk factors identified in self reports. We recruited 258 students (male: female = 58: 204, average age = 19.73 ± 1.52 years) and 194 active soldiers (male: female = 172: 22, average age = 24.88 ± 4.11 years) from northern Taiwan. Analysis was performed on demographic data, history of COVID-19 infection, vaccinations, and the subjective psychological impact of the pandemic, as well as their current (within one month) anxiety levels, depression level, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis models were used to compare soldier vs. student status and male vs. female. Overall, roughly 54% of the subjects had been infected by COVID-19 at least once, and the psychological impact of the pandemic was more pronounced in the infected group. The students reported more pronounced symptoms of PTSD (elevated anxiety and depression levels) than did the soldiers. All regression models other than those associated with age and sex revealed that the link between COVID-19 infection and the symptoms of PTSD was more salient among soldiers and males than among students and females. It appears that the psychological impact of COVID-19 is underreported by soldiers. These findings indirectly support previous research indicating that soldiers are less likely than students to disclose emotions related to trauma, indicating the need for psychological support for military personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dismounted military operations require soldiers to complete cognitive tasks whilst undertaking demanding and repeated physical taskings. Objective: To assess the effects of repeated fast load carriage bouts on cognitive performance, perceptual responses, and psychophysiological markers. Methods: Twelve civilian males (age, 28 ± 8 y; stature, 186 ± 6 cm; body mass 84.3 ± 11.1 kg; V̇O2max, 51.5 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed three ∼65-min bouts of a Fast Load Carriage Protocol (FLCP), each interspersed with a 65-min recovery period, carrying a representative combat load of 25 kg. During each FLCP, cognitive function was assessed using a Shoot/Don't-Shoot Task (SDST) and a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task (MSANT), along with subjective ratings. Additional psychophysiological markers (heart rate variability, salivary cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentrations) were also measured. Results: A main effect of bout on MSANT combined score metric (p <.001, Kendall's W = 69.084) and for time on the accuracy-speed trade-off parameter of the SDST (p =.025, Ѡ2 =.024) was evident. These likely changes in cognitive performance were coupled with subjective data indicating that participants perceived that they increased their mental effort to maintain cognitive performance (bout: p <.001, Ѡ2 =.045; time: p <.001, Ѡ2 =.232). Changes in HRV and salivary markers were also evident, likely tracking increased stress. Conclusion: Despite the increase in physiological and psychological stress, cognitive performance was largely maintained; purportedly a result of increased mental effort. Application: Given the likely increase in dual-task interference in the field environment compared with the laboratory, military commanders should seek approaches to manage cognitive load where possible, to maintain soldier performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Researchers have identified university students and military personnel as highly susceptible to the stress and emotional challenges imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 on soldiers and students based on risk factors identified in self reports. We recruited 258 students (male: female = 58: 204, average age = 19.73 ± 1.52 years) and 194 active soldiers (male: female = 172: 22, average age = 24.88 ± 4.11 years) from northern Taiwan. Analysis was performed on demographic data, history of COVID-19 infection, vaccinations, and the subjective psychological impact of the pandemic, as well as their current (within one month) anxiety levels, depression level, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis models were used to compare soldier vs. student status and male vs. female. Overall, roughly 54% of the subjects had been infected by COVID-19 at least once, and the psychological impact of the pandemic was more pronounced in the infected group. The students reported more pronounced symptoms of PTSD (elevated anxiety and depression levels) than did the soldiers. All regression models other than those associated with age and sex revealed that the link between COVID-19 infection and the symptoms of PTSD was more salient among soldiers and males than among students and females. It appears that the psychological impact of COVID-19 is underreported by soldiers. These findings indirectly support previous research indicating that soldiers are less likely than students to disclose emotions related to trauma, indicating the need for psychological support for military personnel.

The article deals with the comparison of refunds of non-material damage in public and private area. In the public area is analyzed legal regulation on health injuries in service relations, in private area is discussed legal regulation on health injuries in civil law and labour law. Particular attention will be focused on the transfer of compensation in the event of injury to the heirs – while in service relationships, such claims are extinguished by death (not transferred on the heirs), which was taken over from the 1960s legislation, in current private law, do not cease if they have been recognized or at least brought in court. The aim of the paper is a critical analysis for the current state of legal regulation and the proposals de lege ferenda (approximation to labour law regulation). The issue has increased importance for public finances and functioning of public sector and enforcement of the rule of law.

This article examines Jerome’s use of bridal and military imagery in his writings to male and female ascetics. The metaphor of the “bride” and the “soldier” had been used in earlier Christianity to describe the Christian identity of the baptized person, and in the writings of Jerome and other fourth-century ascetic writers, these motifs came to be increasingly employed in discourses on the ascetic life. While previous scholarship has claimed that Jerome mainly used the image of the bride in descriptions of and advise to ascetic women, and military imagery in writings to and about men, the article argues that his employment of these imageries was more complex. It is shown that while the bridal metaphor signals femininity and passivity, and the soldier metaphor manliness and activity, Jerome’s employment of them does not depend first and foremost on the gender of the ascetic. Rather, both images are used to support certain aspects of his theology – mainly his ideas about the postlapsarian, fleshly condition and the human possibility of transcendence – as well as his ascetic ideology, by marking the ascetics as superior to non-ascetics through their unique relationship with Christ.

The subject of this article is specialised military language, which comprises specific terms and has contributed to the development of a certain terminology. This specialised language is particularly relevant, since it supports communication between the members of a country’s army and between the armies of the world. Additionally, the language of soldiers and conscripts gives us a deeper insight into the way of life of the military, because language and society are closely linked. This article is an attempt to fill a gap in the field of studies on specialised military language. At its centre is the question of how military terminology is processed in the text type ‘diary’, the most direct form of autobiographical recording. First, in the theoretical part, military terminology is defined in more detail. Then its basic lexical-semantic and morphological-syntactic characteristics are discussed. The literary war diary “Schreib das auf, Kisch!” by the Austrian and later Czechoslovakian writer and journalist Egon Erwin Kisch, which describes the everyday life of a soldier in the years 1914–1915, serves as the corpus of the study. The analysis of the authentic diary entries of a soldier allows the study of war experience documented in the form of a diary and reflects the military use of language of the time to varying degrees of intensity. On the one hand, the analytical part deals with the specialist military vocabulary, which covers a broad spectrum of areas relating to military-organisational, operational-tactical, technical and other content and which particularly characterise the nature of the military. On the other hand, figurative word coinages and idioms that can be assigned to soldier jargon and are characterised by a specifically soldierly humour are also examined. The analysis reveals different uses of military jargon in Kisch’s diary, ranging from the sober and objective to the often highly emotional to the humorous and sometimes ironic.

A novel fixation system for a hand‐held dynamometer (HHD) was designed to enable isometric muscle measurements on various muscle groups of strong, healthy individuals in a field setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intra‐ and interrater reliability of the system and determine its suitability for use by multiple researchers within large‐scale data collections during field activities. Four researchers tested eight healthy subjects, who each completed eight different maximal isometric muscle strength assessments using the HHD fixation system. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) results were evaluated with a 95% confidence interval. ICC results for interrater reliability demonstrated excellent agreement of all eight measurements tested. ICC results for intrarater reliability demonstrated excellent agreement for six out of eight measurements. This system provides a new opportunity for several different high‐quality maximal muscle strength measurements to be collected by multiple data collectors on large numbers of strong, healthy individuals in a field setting. Highlights: This system is a reliable testing procedure that provides a new opportunity for several different high‐quality maximal muscle strength measurements.The system allows for laboratory quality data to be collected in the field by multiple data collectors on large numbers of strong, healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite having to carry the same occupational load, female soldiers tend to be lighter than male soldiers. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in cardiovascular load between female and male US Marine recruits during progressive load carriage hikes. United States Marine Corps recruits (565 male recruits; 364 female recruits) completed 6 loaded hikes over 6 weeks (1:10 kg, 30 minutes; 2: 10 kg, 45 minutes; 3: 15 kg, 30 minutes, 4: 15 kg, 45 minutes; 5: 20 kg, 30 minutes; 6: 20 kg, 45 minutes) during which cardiovascular response was measured. Average heart rate (HRavg), HR maximum (HRmax), and pace were measured via a wrist-worn physiological monitor. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare between sexes, with significance set at 0.008 after adjusting for multiple comparisons. The average female recruit had significantly lower body mass (BM) compared with the average male recruit (p < 0.001) and thus carried a significantly heavier relative load. (10 kg ~17%, 15 kg ~25%, 20 kg ~33%, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in pace in any hike, and no significant differences were found in HRavg or HRmax when comparing female and male Marines during Hike 1. For female Marines, HRavg was significantly higher compared with male Marines during Hike 2 (+6.5 b⋅min-1, p < 0.001) and Hike 3 (+7.4 b⋅min-1, p < 0.001), and both HRavg and HRmax were significantly higher in Hike 4 (+11.9 b⋅min-1, +8.4 b⋅min-1, p < 0.001), Hike 5 (+7.7 b⋅min-1, +7.9 b⋅min-1, p < 0.001), and Hike 6 (+6.9 b⋅min-1, +7.1 b⋅min-1, p < 0.001), respectively. Female Marines endured greater cardiovascular demand compared with male Marines during load carriage events when carrying loads greater than 15 kg (~25% BM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case concerns the alleged failure by the resisting administration to fulfill obligations arising from the contract and employment relationship, as well as the violation of safety regulations leading to the workplace accident reported by an Airforce Sergeant. Following the accident, the soldier complains of developing barotraumatic hearing loss with tinnitus and reactive post-traumatic stress disorder to the traumatic event. The case provides an opportunity to analyze the relevance of forensic medical assessment and its integration with psychodiagnostic examination for the correct nosographic classification aimed at evaluating and quantifying biological damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Through four case studies I discuss the importance and frequency of the appearance of weapons (an important element of epic imagery) in funerary poetry, and its relation to representations of arms on gravestones and monuments in the Hellenistic period, geographically ranging from Lycia and Caria to the Black Sea, from mainland Greece to the Aegean islands. One of the most common features of poetic epitaphs for soldiers (including citizens, mercenaries, and soldiers belonging to royal armies) is the celebration of the military valor (arete) of the deceased; on the other hand, except for the spear, weapons are not mentioned often in funerary poetry. When they are not mentioned in the epitaph, or when an epitaph is not present, weapons are sometimes represented on the funerary monument itself, in the form of reliefs or paintings, either in the context of a battle scene, or carried by the standing deceased, or simply as isolated objects, as symbols of his profession or social rank in life.

This article explores the conceptualization of the body among former Congolese soldiers living as refugees in Johannesburg. The article draws on extensive fieldwork in Johannesburg, South Africa and employs the concept of deterritorialization and reterritorialization to explain the bodies of those who have decided to join the Congolese Army. The article reveals the complex ways in which the army manipulates soldiers' bodies to generate diverse lines of connection, coalition, and removal (or disconnection). We support that the soldiers' bodies are not necessarily owned by the country, but that soldiers' bodies become owned by military institutions, who employ nationalist rhetoric to justify their existence and actions. The act of joining the army could be considered a way of cutting ties with civilian life and joining a new world in which the individual is socialized into military culture. Through initiation, the soldier's body is reterritorialized; it becomes a national asset. While this study focuses on former Congolese soldiers, it has broader relevance, giving insight into how soldiers perceive their body shifting from individual possession to be reterritorialized as the body of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Military operations in urban environments requires faster movements and therefore may place greater demands on soldier strength and anaerobic ability. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study how physical fitness and body composition are associated with occupational test for urban combat soldiers before and after a 5-day military field exercise (MFE). METHODS: Twenty-six conscripts (age = 20±1 yrs.) volunteered, of which thirteen completed the study. Occupational performance was determined by using the newly developed Urban Combat Simulation test (UCS); which included 50-m sprinting, moving a truck tire (56 kg) 2 meters with a sledgehammer, a 12-m kettlebell carry (2×20 kg) up the stairs with a 3-m ascent, 4-time sandbag lifts (20 kg) with obstacle crossing, and a 20-m mannequin (85 kg) drag. Aerobic and muscle fitness, as well as anaerobic capacity were measured, and, body composition was assessed with multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS: The UCS performance correlated significantly with standing long jump performance, as well as lower and upper body maximal strength before (r = –0.56 to –0.66) and after (r = –0.59 to –0.68) MFE, and, with body mass and FFM before (r = –0.81 to –0.83) and after (r = –0.86 to –0.91) MFE. In the regression analyses, fat free mass (R2 = 0.50, p = 0.01) and counter movement jump in combat load (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.009) most strongly explained the UCS performance. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that muscle mass and lower body explosive force production together with maximal strength are key fitness components related to typical urban combat soldiers' military tasks. Physical training developing these components are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Security: Theory & Practice / Bezpieczeństwo.Teoria i Praktyka is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

World War I was associated with a vision that encouraged Poles to join the fight to regain independence. Romantic myths invoked in this context led to the idealization of wartime events and the heroization of those who took part in them. For this reason, Polish war literature differs from pacifist descriptions of war in Western European literature, but in the middle of the interwar period, Władysław Sebyła publishes his poetic debut, Pieśni szczurołapa (Songs of rat-catcher), in which he includes a series of Four Poems about War. His aversion to brutal militarism and armed conflict is revealed in those poems, so the main purpose of the article is to show how the poet creates an anti-military and catastrophic war landscape. I point out that the author focuses around the “bodily cycle of the soldier” — from life in the barracks through combat and finally, maiming or death. In my analysis, I will use Adam Dziadek’s project of somatic criticism to see the relationship between the body and rhythm and words in Sebyła’s poetry.

BackgroundSleep quality is one of the important factors affecting soldiers’ task performance. ObjectiveTo explore the effects of mindful attention awareness, burnout, and occupational stress on sleep quality among soldiers in plateau areas. MethodsA total of 1090 soldiers were selected from four units in plateau areas by cluster sampling method and were asked to participate a cross-sectional questionnaire survey using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediated effect test were conducted for the study. ResultsOf the 1090 soldiers recruited, 1082 soldiers returned valid questionnaires, and the valid recovery rate was 99.26%. The median (P25, P75) score of PSQI was 4.00 (2.00,7.00), the median score of OSI was 26.00 (17.00, 34.00), the median score of MBI-GS was 3.53 (3.13, 4.00), and the median score of MAAS was 71.00 (59.00, 82.00). The burnout and mindful attention awareness levels varied among military personnel of different age groups (P

Paleopathological analysis of a below-knee amputation was conducted to explore the sociocultural reasons why the amputation took place. Older adolescent male (18–21 years) from the New Englander mass burial at the 18th century Fortress of Louisbourg. Macroscopic assessment and archival data. A surgical amputation of the right tibia and fibula, distal to the knee was identified. The cross-sectional diaphysis of the leg has kerf marks and a splinter (breakaway point) at the posterior-lateral border of the tibia suggesting the leg gave way from its own weight or was manually removed once most of the sawing was complete. Archival records suggest frostbite from prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures and trauma from unsafe working conditions at the Fortress were the main causes that led to amputation. This case study highlights the importance of contextualizing cases of amputation to understand factors leading to the amputation procedure and techniques used in the past, and the social and living conditions of the individual. Observations were restricted to skeletal material as soft tissue decomposed and there was no material evidence suggestive of amputation associated with this individual in their grave. Full trauma assessment of the Fortress of Louisbourg skeletal collection to provide additional insight into injury sustained at Louisbourg and 18th century surgical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Serving in the military environment can lead to profound psychological and social implications. This study aimed to explore the risk and protective factors influencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans and soldiers. Methods: This research involved a systematic search across international and national databases, as well as the Iranian Medical Science Articles Database, using keywords such as post-traumatic stress disorder, soldier, veteran, prevalence, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, trauma, military, and war. Results: The studies review revealed a PTSD prevalence ranging from 2% to 57% among soldiers and veterans. Common issues among those affected included depression, anxiety, trauma, coping mechanisms, personality traits, stress, cognitive challenges, sexual dysfunction, emotional conflicts, substance abuse, and marital difficulties. Optimism, self-esteem, quality of life, resilience, social support, spirituality, and mental well-being were identified as factors significantly mitigating PTSD symptoms in soldiers and veterans. Conclusion: The research findings underscore the critical role of psychological, behavioral, social, and emotional factors in the development and exacerbation of PTSD in military personnel. Given the occupational context of soldiers and military personnel, proactive measures are essential to identify high-risk groups and prevent widespread psychological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War is the most destructive of human actions, leaving a legacy of hatred, violence, and destruction which can often take decades to rebuild. The victims of war are endless, from those directly involved in the chaos, to the generations that follow and attempt to rebuild their shattered lives. Many experiences of the victims of war remain largely undiagnosed or even recognized, producing feelings of shame and fear that create the conditions for new conflicts to emerge. Academia is more than just analyzing data; it is the creation of a space in which to allow the recording of stories and reflections of those involved in major historical episodes. The piece hopes to provide an opportunity for just one military voice from the complex and chaotic period of "the Troubles" in Northern Ireland to speak and share their reflections to help understand the human cost of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Military operations call for a great deal of readiness and resilience on the part of the soldiers, once confronted with high-stress scenarios. Resilience, in this context, has to do with the ability to effectively cope with the adverse impacts of setbacks and the accompanying stressors, ensuring that overall performance and combat effectiveness remain unhampered. In the modern military context, it is relevant to examine more deeply the phenomenon of soldiers’ resilience, its importance in positive organizational and personal outcomes as well as the role of team factors for the improving of soldiers’ resilience. The study aimed to examine team-level factors that determine soldiers’ psychological resilience and to reveal the mediating role of resilience in the relationships between team factors and organizational commitment and well-being. Sample: A cross-sectional convenience sample included 422 soldiers on professional military duty in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Methods: Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. We applied structural equation modeling to assess the research models. Results: Team cohesion and colleague support proved to be reliable predictors of increased psychological resilience; individuals with higher resilience were more committed to the organization and experienced higher well-being; the results confirmed the hypotheses that soldier resilience has a mediating effect on the relationships between team characteristics and their commitment, and well-being. Conclusion: The findings help clarify the relationships between team characteristics, soldiers’ resilience, commitment and well-being. They may be useful for improving soldier resilience through team cohesion, mutual support, cooperation, and for integrating team-building interventions into military resilience training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While new species of termites are described every year, the description of species distant from every known termite species is rare. In this paper, we describe one such species, Engelitermes zambosp.n., an African Termitidae belonging to an entirely new lineage of termites for which we create a new subfamily, Engelitermitinae subfam.n. The subfamily status of Engelitermitinae was supported by termite phylogenetic trees, including sequences from the four existing samples of E. zambosp.n., which, albeit with low bootstrap supports, placed Engelitermesgen.n. on a long branch sister to Forficulitermes, the two of which formed the sister group of a clade comprising Cubitermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, Syntermitinae and all other Termitinae. The sister relationship between Engelitermesgen.n. and Forficulitermes is further supported by the similar gut structure of their workers. In contrast, the soldiers of Engelitermesgen.n. resemble those of Cephalotermes. Our phylogenetic analyses, including all clades of Termitinae, call for a global taxonomic revision of the Termitinae subfamily names. Finally, our study highlights that new unique termite lineages are still awaiting to be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the study is to investigate whether the mental stress resulting from the assignment of military professionals affects the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study retrospectively analyses the data obtained during extended annual preventive examinations of professional soldiers in 2012-2016. The dataset was divided into two cohorts. The first "performance" cohort included soldiers from combat units and paratroopers (aiborne). The second cohort consisted of "others", i.e. soldiers from non-combat units or airborne. The psychological burden was determined by the soldiers' assignment to a combat or airborne units. In the years 2012-2016, almost all compared parameters were better in the "performance" group. Exceptions were a higher prevalence of overweight (according to body mass index) and sporadically higher glycaemia and alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) levels. When comparing years 2012 and 2016 of the "performace" group, statistically significant better values prevailed in relation to the MetS in 2016. The exceptions were ALT and uric acid levels. The outcome of this study suggests a better status of MetS risk factors and MetS-related factors in the "performance" cohort, and psychological stress did not augment MetS manifestations in these professionals. This study has confirmed the necessity of waist circumference measurement to eliminate overestimation of obesity in individuals with developed musculature. To confirm the hepatic origin of ALT, the medical history should include an inquiry about exercise habits. Subsequently, the effect of chronic stress may also be considered for higher liver enzymes. Screening for hypercholesterolaemia and hyperuricaemia has important clinical relevance for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in younger population, particularly in those aged <45 years. The gained knowledge could be used for a more thorough search for vulnerable individuals and the timely initiation of preventive measures, including improving psychological resilience and possible early displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents how, over the years (both in separate penal-military codes as well as in the military section of the General Penal Code of 1969), legislators decreed the concept of a military offence. These considerations can be viewed as a kind of historical-legal justification for the necessity of introducing a normative definition of a military offence into the criminal law system in a broad sense (e.g., by amending the provisions of the Penal Code of 1997 which is in force). Although the institution of a military offence is not synonymous with the institution of a criminal offence (contemporarily also referred to as a general offence), it does not stem directly from the provisions of the Code, but only from the interpretation made on this level, which was subjected to criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The case concerns the alleged failure by the resisting administration to fulfill obligations arising from the contract and employment relationship, as well as the violation of safety regulations leading to the workplace accident reported by an Airforce Sergeant. Following the accident, the soldier complains of developing barotraumatic hearing loss with tinnitus and reactive post-traumatic stress disorder to the traumatic event. The case provides an opportunity to analyze the relevance of forensic medical assessment and its integration with psychodiagnostic examination for the correct nosographic classification aimed at evaluating and quantifying biological damage.

Abstract Objectives Survival training can provide a unique setting for scientific examination of human stress responses and physical performance in a realistic operational military context. The aim of the present study was to observe effects of a 36-h recovery period on serum hormone concentrations, salivary cortisol, and marksmanship during 10-day winter military survival training in north of the Arctic Circle. Design and methods Sixty-eight male soldiers were randomly divided into two groups; EXP (n = 26) and CON (n = 42). While CON performed the whole exercise phase in the field, EXP had 36-h recovery period between days 6 and 8. Several hormones were measured during the study to investigate recovery. Results Subjective physical and mental demand as well as catabolic hormone levels increased and anabolic hormones decreased in CON (p

The appeal to this topic is due to the 80th anniversary of the victory at the Kursk Bulge (August 23, 2023), as well as the conduct of a special military operation. The Battle of Kursk demonstrated the morale, unity and will of the multinational Soviet people in defending their Fatherland. Only on the Kursk Bulge 248 servicemen who showed courage and heroism were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Their patriotism, service to the Fatherland and responsibility for its fate serve as an example for the population of the country, soldiers and officers of the Armed Forces of Russia.

Тhe presented article discusses ways to develop volitional regulation among cadets of the military institutions of the Russian national guard, substantiates the relevance of the problem under consideration. Based on the analysis of scientific research, the definitions of the terms volitional regulation, volitional effort and volitional qualities are given, the main conditions for the use of the academic discipline Physical training, its means, among which the main ones are physical exercises and available forms to solve the problem of development stability of volitional regulation of cadets. Based on the understanding of volitional qualities as an integral part of volitional regulation, the main provisions of pedagogical models for their development are presented, as well as directions for achieving the goals of such experiments: determining the specifics of the development of arbitrary actions of cadets in the course of training and military professional activity; the study of the criteria of mental fatigue (satiety) in the process of performing actions with their repeated repetition and the dynamics of the manifestation of volitional efforts during their implementation.

BackgroundMilitary operations call for a great deal of readiness and resilience on the part of the soldiers, once confronted with high-stress scenarios. Resilience, in this context, has to do with the ability to effectively cope with the adverse impacts of setbacks and the accompanying stressors, ensuring that overall performance and combat effectiveness remain unhampered. In the modern military context, it is relevant to examine more deeply the phenomenon of soldiers’ resilience, its importance in positive organizational and personal outcomes as well as the role of team factors for the improving of soldiers’ resilience. The study aimed to examine team-level factors that determine soldiers’ psychological resilience and to reveal the mediating role of resilience in the relationships between team factors and organizational commitment and well-being.SampleA cross-sectional convenience sample included 422 soldiers on professional military duty in the Lithuanian Armed Forces.MethodsData were collected using self-administered questionnaire. We applied structural equation modeling to assess the research models.ResultsTeam cohesion and colleague support proved to be reliable predictors of increased psychological resilience; individuals with higher resilience were more committed to the organization and experienced higher well-being; the results confirmed the hypotheses that soldier resilience has a mediating effect on the relationships between team characteristics and their commitment, and well-being.ConclusionThe findings help clarify the relationships between team characteristics, soldiers’ resilience, commitment and well-being. They may be useful for improving soldier resilience through team cohesion, mutual support, cooperation, and for integrating team-building interventions into military resilience training programs.

The present study investigated performance changes during three runs (1 min recovery) of repeated military simulation task test (RMST) and its associations with physical performance. Voluntary male soldiers (N = 114) participated in a series of measurements of physical performance. Lower body explosive force production, anaerobic endurance and upper body strength endurance together explained 58% of the variance in the first RSMT (p < 0.001). The same variables explained the variance in the second and third runs of RSMT by 60% and 51%, but explosive force production was replaced with aerobic endurance, assessed by the 3.2 km loaded run (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that the role of explosive power of the lower body decreased and military specific aerobic endurance increased when occupational performance was assessed under acute fatigue even during a short high-intensity test. These results may benefit tactical strength and conditioning coaches in training optimisation for improved occupational performance in military. Practioners summary: Soldiers are required to perform occupational tasks in a repeated manner with short recovery time. In the present study, the role of explosive power of the lower body decreased and military specific aerobic endurance increased when occupational performance was assessed with a repeated high-intensity task specific performance test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Freezing cold injuries (FCI) are a common risk in extreme cold weather warfare operations. The Norwegian Armed Forces (NAF) have the expertise and capabilities in education and training for warfighting capabilities in the Arctic. Nevertheless, a substantial number of Norwegian soldiers sustain freezing cold injuries annually. The aim of this study was to describe the FCI in the NAF, the associated risk factors and clinical associations. Methodology: The subjects for the study were soldiers registered with FCI in the Norwegian Armed Forces Health Registry (NAFHR) between January 1st 2004–July1st 2021. The soldiers answered a questionnaire regarding background, activities at the time of injury, description of the FCI, risk factors, medical treatment and any sequelae from their FCI. Results: FCI in the NAF were most frequently reported among young conscripts (mean20.5 years). Hands and feet are most often injured (90.9%). Only a minority (10.4%) received medical treatment. The majority (72.2%) report sequelae. Extreme weather conditions was the most important risk factor (62.5%). Conclusions: Most soldiers had the knowledge to avoid FCI, but they were injured anyway. It is concerning that only one in 10 injured soldiers received medical treatment after diagnosed with FCI, increasing the risk of FCI sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Poligramas is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Determining the smoking rates and nicotine dependency levels of soldiers can be a guide in smoking cessation interventions and developing a policy for smoking prevention for soldiers serving in military units. The cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 313 soldiers stationed in gendarmerie units in a city center in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Data were collected between 01.06.2021 and 31.07.2021 by face-to-face interview technique using Personal Information Form and Fagerström Nicotine Addiction Test. It was determined that 54.6% of the participants smoked, 87.1% had low-moderate nicotine addictions, and 94.9% were smokers in their friends' circle. It was revealed that the prevalence of smoking among the participants was high, and the nicotine addiction levels of the participants working in the "Prison" unit were higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military service of female soldiers is now permanently embedded in the operation of the armed forces of many countries in the world. The availability of this form of professional activity for women was often only theoretical in many countries a few decades ago. Due to the gradual opening of the armed forces to women, international organizations, such as the UN, NATO or the European Union, have also begun to deal with this issue in the context of the protection of human rights, especially in the field of equality, the gender perspective or combating discrimination on the grounds of sex. A number of actions have been taken in the international arena to systematize this state of affairs and create appropriate models addressed at individual countries. This set of developed regulations in the form of documents, guidelines or recommendations constitutes the international standards for the protection of human rights in the field of military service of women in the armed forces. The purpose of this paper is to compare the Polish reality in which female soldiers serve, with these standards. A comparison of both spheres will allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the translation of these standards into the Polish army and to indicate mutual correlations in this respect. This will also give an indication as to the level of applicability of the latter in the terms of the specific guarantees they provide for female soldiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the ubiquitous use of smartphones by soldiers, military researchers have an increasing interest in potentially problematic side effects such as smartphone overdependence. This raises a question regarding the psychological mechanisms underlying the potentially self-damaging use of smartphones. Here, we address this question by analyzing how heterogeneity in commander's good leadership explains subordinate soldiers' differences in self-control and smartphone use. Specifically, we found that subordinate soldiers who thought their commander's leadership was good were self-regulated, less dependent on smartphones, less stressed, and finally had good mental health. This result indicates that commander's good leadership can be used to estimate whether subordinate soldiers exert control over their impulses and use their smartphones properly. Thus, the current findings help to identify external factors that lead to a better understanding of problematic smartphone use and can potentially help to design appropriate preventive mechanisms or interventions that target commander's good leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the smoking rates and nicotine dependency levels of soldiers can be a guide in smoking cessation interventions and developing a policy for smoking prevention for soldiers serving in military units. The cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 313 soldiers stationed in gendarmerie units in a city center in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Data were collected between 01.06.2021 and 31.07.2021 by face-to-face interview technique using Personal Information Form and Fagerström Nicotine Addiction Test. It was determined that 54.6% of the participants smoked, 87.1% had low-moderate nicotine addictions, and 94.9% were smokers in their friends' circle. It was revealed that the prevalence of smoking among the participants was high, and the nicotine addiction levels of the participants working in the "Prison" unit were higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new termite species, Cryptotermes pugnus sp. nov., is described from northeastern Brazil. The winged imago of C. pugnus is distinguished from most congeners by the lack of arolia and the multiple branches connecting the median vein to the radial sector. The soldier is unique among South American Cryptotermes by its cuboidal head capsule and very rugose postclypeus. The new species constitutes the fourteenth Cryptotermes species on the continent for which we provide a key to soldiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annuals of the Administration & Law / Roczniki Administracji i Prawa is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Humanitas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Armed conflicts around the world have been going on for centuries, with many casualties. The main cause of pre-hospital cardiac arrest in combat settings are external hemorrhages, which is why rapid response skills and appropriate equipment are so important. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) and Special Operations Forces Tactical Tourniquet (SOFTT) tourniquets using human unfixed preparations under simulated bleeding conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty active-duty soldiers of the Polish Army were included in the study. The study was divided into 4 stages. In the first stage, a short training session was conducted for the subjects on how to stop external hemorrhages using CAT and SOFTT tourniquets, and additionally, they filled out prepared questionnaires. The second stage involved a qualitative evaluation of participants' practical skills in applying CAT and SOFTT tourniquets under low-fidelity conditions. During the third stage, randomization was performed with a division into two subgroups and a test using human cadavers. Two examiners measured the timing of tourniquet application. In stage four, the subjects took a final survey to assess their level of satisfaction. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 14 women (50%) and 14 men (50%). The group was divided into two subgroups. Group A applied the CAT tourniquet in a mean time of 38.13 seconds (SD ± 11.19), while B applied the SOFTT tourniquet in a mean time of 29.31 seconds (SD ± 7,18). Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the achieved time of tourniquet fitting (Mann-Whitney test=54.5; p=0.049). A number of analyses were conducted using Pearson's r – correlation, showing no significant correlations in any of the groups between the score obtained and age (pA=0.426; pB=0.486), marital status (pA=0.145; pB=0.932), place of residence (pA=0.168; pB=0.534), education (pA=0.523; pB=0.935), or military rank held (pA=0.225; pB=0.252). CONCLUSIONS: SOFTT-type tourniquet is more effective in application than CAT-type tourniquet. Cadavers – human unfixed preparations – are a great tool for educating soldiers on stopping life-threatening hemorrhages under simulation conditions.