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Water resources play a crucial role in sustaining life and various socio-economic activities, especially in regions like South-Southern Nigeria, where petroleum production activities are prevalent. This study focuses on understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and geospatial distribution of major ions in water around selected petroleum-producing areas, notably within the Obigbo Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Rivers State. A total of 41 water samples, comprising 34 rain and 7 surface waters, were collected, and analyzed employing hydrochemical modeling techniques, including the Piper Trilinear plot, Durov, and Schoeller diagram, to characterize the ionic composition of surface water and rainwater. The analysis revealed a relatively uniform pattern of major ions, including Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4, and NO3, across the study area, with higher concentrations observed along the river channel, in the Northern regions. Rainwater samples exhibited lower concentrations, with discernible variations, especially in areas adjacent to petroleum activities. The dominance of Ca + Mg as cations and Cl as anions was consistent in both river water and rainwater samples. Durov diagram depicted a simple dissolution or mixing line in river water, while rainwater samples exhibited a notable presence of calcium and sulphate. The Schoeller diagram indicated a calcium chloride water type, with rainwater showing heightened calcium and sulphate concentrations. Geospatial analysis highlighted consistent ion concentration levels throughout the study area, suggesting environmental stability. Despite concerns about increased sulfate near petroleum facilities, all measured ion concentrations in both river and rainwater samples adhered to WHO standards, indicating satisfactory water quality.

Regarding vaccine coverage, Nigeria is currently making slow progress despite the previous achievements in immunisation coverage. This is contrary to the World Health Organisation's goal of achieving health equity for all people globally. Operational research to determine the immunisation status of children should be unrelenting. Thus, this study sought to assess the proportion of under-five children who had completed vaccination as well as parental variables associated with the vaccination in a South-southern community in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study and a multi-stage sampling technique were used to select respondents from the community. Respondents were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Information related to parents' sociodemographic characteristics, mother's knowledge of immunisation, their children's vaccination status, and the reasons for vaccination were collected and entered into SPSS software. The percentage of children who had received all the required number of vaccines in the routine immunisation schedule was calculated. The proportion of children who had each of the vaccines was also calculated. Mother's knowledge of vaccination was scored based on some questions asked and was further graded into good and poor knowledge. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between parents' sociodemographic characteristics and children's vaccination status. Results: One hundred and seventy (68%) children completed their vaccination. There was a marked difference when the dropout rates from pentavalent 1/pentavalent 3 vaccine (2.7%) and Bacille Calmette–Guerin/measles vaccines (17.9%) were compared. Maternal knowledge (P = 0.00001), maternal parity (P = 0.006), mother's education (P < 0.00001), father's education (P < 0.00001), and father's age (P = 0.0002) were associated with vaccine uptake within the community. Conclusion: Mothers' knowledge and parity, parents' educational status, and the father's age significantly influenced vaccine uptake.

Conformance of working tool design parameters to the workers body anthropometry guarantee optimal usage of the tools, enhance working posture and comfort, and maximization of output. This study examined the anthropometric body dimension of farmers (male and female) in South-southern Nigeria. The anthropometric characteristics of 360 farmers (230 males, 130 females) within the age limit of 20 to 65 years were randomly selected from the six states in South-southern Nigeria, namely: Rivers, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa, Akwa-Ibom, and Cross-River state. The survey was done to obtain structural body dimensions relevant for the design of farm implement/machines. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the human anthropometry assessed for the human-work tool interaction during farm work operations categorized into three clusters; length proportions, volume indicator and palm dimensions, showed that the male farmers that participated in this study had larger structural body dimension compared to their female counterparts but for the volume indicators. The structural body dimension variation across the gender should be considered in the design of the farm implement/machines for efficient human-work tool interaction during farm work operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]