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DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) is a spaceborne high-energy cosmic ray and gamma-ray detector , successfully launched in December 2015. It is designed to probe astroparticle physics in the broad energy range from few GeV to 100 TeV. The scientific goals of DAMPE include the identification of possible signatures of Dark Matter annihilation or decay, the study of the origin and propagation mechanisms of cosmic-ray particles, and gamma-ray astronomy . DAMPE consists of four sub-detectors: a plastic scintillator strip detector, a Silicon–Tungsten tracKer–converter (STK), a BGO calorimeter and a neutron detector . The STK is composed of six double layers of single-sided silicon micro-strip detectors interleaved with three layers of tungsten for photon conversions into electron–positron pairs . The STK is a crucial component of DAMPE, allowing to determine the direction of incoming photons, to reconstruct tracks of cosmic rays and to estimate their absolute charge (Z). We present the in-flight performance of the STK based on two years of in-flight DAMPE data, which includes the noise behavior, signal response, thermal and mechanical stability, alignment and position resolution.

In February 2008, 'Cell Wall Experiment' is scheduled to be launched and conducted using EMCS (European Modular Cultivation System) in ISS (International Space Station). The main aim of this experiment is to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which supporting tissues in land plants are constructed and maintained in response to gravitational conditions. In this paper, an outline of our space experiment and biological background are described, together with a perspective of how this project will contribute to both pure and applied life sciences., 資料番号: AA0063706109

Larvae of African chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki represent highly developed mechanism of anhydrobiotic conservation of metabolism which allowing them to stay alive for many years in the absence of water and be utilized as a model organisms in long-term projects, including the spaceflight. In this paper we shortly overview the main properties of anhydrobiosis of the larvae and describe the main space experiments where the insect was used as a model organism for investigation of influence of spaceflight environment of latent stages of invertebrates., 資料番号: AA0063706087

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a spaceborne astroparticle physics experiment, launched on 17 December 2015. DAMPE will identify possible dark matter signatures by detecting electrons and photons in the 5 GeV–10 TeV energy range. It will also measure the flux of nuclei up to 100 TeV, for the study of the high energy cosmic ray origin and propagation mechanisms. DAMPE is composed of four sub-detectors: a plastic strip scintillator, a silicon–tungsten tracker–converter (STK), a BGO imaging calorimeter and a neutron detector. The STK is composed of six tracking planes of 2 orthogonal layers of single-sided micro-strip detectors, for a total detector surface of ca. 7 m2. The STK has been extensively tested for space qualification. Also, numerous beam tests at CERN have been done to study particle detection at silicon module level, and at full detector level. After description of the DAMPE payload and its scientific mission, we will describe the STK characteristics and assembly. We will then focus on some results of single ladder performance tests done with particle beams at CERN.

軌道上宇宙環境の把握、宇宙用部品・材料の耐宇宙環境性評価、高性能・長寿命材料の開発、JAXA認定部品・材料の宇宙実証を目的として、国際宇宙ステーション(ISS: International Space Station)を利用した宇宙実験である、「国際宇宙ステーションロシアサービスモジュール利用微小粒子捕獲実験および材料曝露実験」(SM/MPAC&SEED実験: Service Module/Micro-Particle Capturer and Space Environment Exposure Device)を、2001年8月より開始している。本実験は、同一試料構成の実験装置3式を同時にISS外壁で宇宙空間に曝露開始し、約1年間隔で1式ずつ地上に回収するというものである。本材料曝露実験に供している試料は、JAXAのほか、大学、研究機関、メーカから提案を受け、23種類の試料が選定されている。本稿では、JAXAから提案した宇宙用材料について、第2式目回収試料(曝露期間約28ヶ月)を中心に報告する。, 資料番号: AA0063224011, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-021

JAXAでは宇宙環境を利用した拡散係数測定のための実験技術の研究を進めており、温度勾配炉(GHF: Gradient Heating Furnace)を使用するための試料カートリッジとシアーセルを開発している。本年度は、GHFを用いた均熱加熱実験のための加熱パラメータおよび電気炉配置の最適化を行い、1,000度Cにおける均熱実験が可能であることを確認した。, The experimental techniques for the measurements of diffusion coefficient have been studied in JAXA toward the utilization of microgravity environment in ISS (International Space Station). The experimental cartridge for the Gradient Heating Furnace, GHF, was developed for the application of shear cell which is the advanced technique of diffusion experiments. The temperature profiles of GHF were measured for the diffusion experiments and the isothermal condition can be attained by the optimization of furnaces positions and temperatures., 資料番号: AA0063323001, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-06-015E

The activity of the working group on 'Hydrothermal Wave Instability and Interfacial Heat Transfer' is reported in this paper. The goal of this working group is to embody a Japan-Europe joint space experiment on this subject. The outline of the space experiment agreed in the ESA-JAXA joint meeting held at ESTEC in Holland in October 2006, is described here., 資料番号: AA0063349025

Correlation between the surface topography of lysozyme crystals which were grown in well controlled condition and X-ray topography of the crystals using monochromatic synchrotron beams were for the first time performed. It was found that the difference of growth step propagation will show up different contrast in the topography, which means that some of the inhomogeneity in the crystals are caused by the difference of step propagation. A new method to use a seed crystal for the X-ray topography is also proposed together with a new space experiment using Photon M3 for the mission in September 2007., 資料番号: AA0063349004

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), The influence of the g-jitter on their results has been adversely reported in space experiments. In order to systematically extend our understanding on the g-jitter, a research group has been organized since 1998. Using its fruitful result, a research working group whose main purpose is to get a flight opportunity for g-jitter experiment has been established. Its experimental apparatus is almost ready to fly., 形態: カラー図版あり, 共催: 日本学術会議, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113017

本研究では、微小重力下で根の水分屈性と重力屈性を分離し、水分屈性に対する重力屈性の干渉作用を検証し、それぞれの場合のオーキシン制御遺伝子の発現変化をオーキシン動態として捉え、両屈性におけるオーキシンの役割からそれぞれのメカニズムを明らかにするとともに、微小重力下における根の伸長方向を水分屈性により制御することを可能にするための宇宙実験を実施することを目的としている。そのために本年度は、国際評価パネルの指摘事項を中心に、疑似微小重力実験および重力屈性突然変異体によって、仮説の妥当性、および重力屈性と水分屈性におけるオーキシンの関与の仕方について検討した。また、ISSおよびEMCSの利用を前提にした宇宙実験系について、シロイヌナズナおよびキュウリを実験材料とした場合について検討し、宇宙実験計画書の改訂を行った。, Using space environment, we will separate the hydrotropic response mechanism from that of gravitropism for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of root growth orientation and determine whether hydrotropic response can be used for controlling growth orientation of roots in microgravity. To achieve the objectives, we examined (1) water-potential gradient to be established in microgravity, (2) Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings to be launched, handled and retrieved during spaceflight experiment, (3) the interaction between hydrotropism and gravitropism in Arabidopsis roots, (4) auxin involvement in the two tropisms, and (5) hardware and experimental system to be adopted for this experiment. Based on the results obtained, we established a hypothesis to be verified by spaceflight experiment and proposed the Experiment Requirement Document., 資料番号: AA0049799004, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-05-037

本研究の目的は、シロイヌナズナ突然変異系統を用いて、抗重力反応における微小管-原形質膜-細胞壁連絡の役割を検証し、抗重力のしくみを明らかにすることにある。本年度は、宇宙実験に適したColumbiaエコタイプの突然変異体を作出した。表層微小管の形成に関わる変異体に関しては、チュブリン遺伝子の1アミノ酸置換に起因し、表層微小管の配向が右巻きになって細胞が左巻きにねじれるlefty変異体15系統、および微小管が左巻きに配向し細胞が右巻きにねじれるspiral(spr)変異体25系統を、Columbiaエコタイプより新たに選抜した。一方、膜ステロールの合成に関わるHMGRのノックアウト変異体hmg(WSエコタイプ)に関しては、戻し交雑によりColumbiaバックグラウンドに置き換えた。また、細胞壁物性測定用の引っ張り試験機を更新するとともに、プログラムを改良して、宇宙実験に適した測定条件を設定した。, The present study aims to confirm the hypothesis that the structural or physiological continuum of microtubule-plasma membrane-cell wall is responsible for gravity resistance in plants, by the space experiment using Arabidopsis mutants. For this purpose, we isolated novel amino acid substitution mutants defective in formation of cortical microtubules (lefty & spr) in the Columbia background. The mutant defective in synthesis of membrane sterols (hmg) in the Columbia background was also produced by crossing the WS background mutant with wild type Columbia. In addition, we designed new software and interface for measuring the mechanical properties of the cell walls, suitable for space experiments., 資料番号: AA0049799002, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-05-037

資料番号: AA0049122094

軌道上宇宙環境の把握、宇宙用部品・材料の耐宇宙環境性評価、高性能・長寿命材料の開発、JAXA認定部品・材料の宇宙実証を目的として、国際宇宙ステーション(ISS:Internal Space Station)を利用した宇宙実験である、「国際宇宙ステーションロシアサービスモジュール利用微小粒子捕獲実験および材料曝露実験」(SM/MPAC & SEED実験:Service Module/Micro-Particle Capturer and Space Environment Exposure Device)を、2001年8月より開始し、現在も継続中である。本実験は、同一試料構成の実験装置3式を同時にISS外壁で宇宙空間に曝露開始し、約1年間隔で1式ずつ地上に回収するというものである。本材料曝露実験に供している試料は、JAXAのほか、大学、研究機関、メーカから提案を受け、選定された23種類である。3式のうち、第1式は2002年8月に、第2式は2004年2月にそれぞれ回収済みであり、第3式は2005年8月に回収予定である。回収した試料は、JAXAでの第1次評価(質量、熱光学特性)を実施した後、各提供機関に返却し、詳細な評価が実施される。第1回回収試料については、2004年3月に中間報告会を開催し、各提供機関から報告された。微小粒子補獲実験は、3種類の試料を搭載し、シリカエアロジェルおよびポリイミドフォームによる微小粒子捕獲およびアルミニウムプレートによる微小粒子衝突痕採取を実施して、粒子の衝突頻度、エネルギ、成分分析などを行っている。本稿では、選定された23種類の材料曝露実験供試体で、宇宙用熱制御材料のうち白色塗料とフレキシブル太陽光反射素子(F-OSR:Flexible Optical Solar Reflector)の第2回回収試料までの分析結果について報告する。, 資料番号: AA0049122124

The Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (USERS) was launched on September 10th, 2002 from Tanegashima Space Center with the H-2A Launch vehicle. On May 30th 2003, the re-entry and recovery operations were successfully conducted, bringing experiment samples and beneficial information back to Earth. USERS became the first national project to succeed in recovery from orbit. In this paper, USERS mission outline is introduced first. Followed by are discussion on the key characteristics of Reentry Module (REM), result of design and development, evaluation of re-entry and recovery operation and flight data. Finally, the obtained reentry system technologies through this project are summarized., 資料番号: AA0048710001, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-04-045

Seeding the flow with tracer particles is a common way to visualize the flow in a half zone liquid bridge. In the experiments on the ground, these tracer particles were found to accumulate and form a rotating closed loop when the flow field is three dimensional, oscillatory and traveling. This structure was named the Twisted Loop Particle Accumulation Structure (TL-PAS). The present experiment conducted using the sounding rocket MAXUS6 which was launched on 22 November 2004 operated by ESA. The TL-PAS was firstly confined to emerge under the microgravity, too. The TL-PASs with mode number of 2 and 3 were formed successfully. Bottom and Side views of the TL-PAS were recorded. The analysis of the three dimensional structure will be followed., 資料番号: AA0048095033

Blood circulation is the most basic function in animals which have developed to use oxygen for producing energy and had a cardiovascular system. It is not too much to say that blood circulation is a part of the respiratory process. Therefore to investigate the effect of space environment on the function of cardiovascular system and its regulation is an important issue for the future space life of humankind. The results of the space experiment using neonate rats in the Neurolab project revealed a part of the effects of microgravity on the development of regulation system of the blood circulation in the mammal and readaptation of the regulation system to the earth gravity. On the basis of the results obtained from the animal space experiments, a prospect and issues of the study on blood circulation in the space environment are discussed., 資料番号: AA0048095057

国際宇宙ステーション搭載分光放射計SMILES用のサブミリ波受信機エンジニアリングモデルの評価試験を行っている。これまでに、20mW(4Kステージ)の冷却性能、300K熱雑音信号入力時の、IF帯域内(11〜13GHz)周波数偏差2.0dBでの出力電力レベル-17dBm/GHz、雑音温度220K(DSB)などの値を得た。これらの値は設計仕様を満たしている。超伝導(SIS)ミキサーの物理温度の低減化策や、振動後のステージ温度異常の原因究明など、課題は残るが、SSB雑音温度500Kの高感度受信機実現の目処はたった。, 資料番号: AA0047899094

資料番号: AA0046919008

Barley seeds were germinated and cultured for 26 days in LADA plant growth chamber onboard Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS). The seeds were germinated after three days of irrigation and grown to have a flag leaf as same as the ground control barley. Expression levels of defense/stress response genes in space-grown barley were compared to those in ground-grown barley by semiquantitative RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction). In 17 defense/stress response genes that are up-regulated by oxidative stress or other abiotic stress, only catalase, pathogenesis-related protein 13, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes were increased in space-grown barley, suggesting that the barley germinated and grown in LADA onboard ISS is not damaged by space environment, especially oxidative stress, which are suspected to be induced by space radiation and microgravity., 資料番号: AA0063706119

Chemistry research under microgravity is an emerging subject in ISS (International Space Station) utilization. Mesoscopic chemistry is a research field related to colloidal and interfacial chemistry concerning particles or fluid interfaces with relatively large sizes and weak interfacial interactions. Gravity significantly affects their dynamics in fluid mediums, and hinders the measurements of their original properties. In the discussion of 2006-WG Meetings, we focused the following subjects for future ISS and other microgravity experiments; (1) colloidal behaviors in critical fluids, (2) chirality control in photochemical reactions utilizing the supercritical fluid dynamics, (3) formation of mesoscopic structures by self-organization, (4) contact angle and curvature between two droplets of different fluids., 資料番号: AA0063349062

We are preparing for crystal growth experiments in microgravity using Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF). The one-dimensional Traveling Liquidus-Zone (TLZ) growth model is limited by the radial temperature gradient, convection in a melt and so on. Such factors affecting one-dimensionality are studied experimentally and theoretically. Reaction between the melt and cartridge materials is being investigated for analyzing safety requirements and for designing flight cartridges. Here, achievements in the present preparatory stage are reported., 資料番号: AA0063349016

This report was described the activity of a research working group on Interfacial Phenomena and fluid instability. Primary three themes which would promise to utilize the microgravity condition were discussed. The research plan and organization concerning these themes were established. We start the preparatory study to accomplish each objective., 資料番号: AA0063349026

We organized a working group for studying the reproduction and continuity of life under the space environment. The aim of our project is to get deep insight into the effect of space environment from various aspects, such as basic life science, applied reproductive biology, and medical sciences. This year, our group has discussed about the following research projects. First, the effects of gravity on behavior of mouse were examined. When mouse was exposed to 3G serious effects were observed in amount of food consumption, feeding period and posture resulting in loss of weight. Second, we demonstrated progesterone and melatonin both accelerated hyperactivation of sperm motility. Since hyper gravity modifies various kinds of reproduction relating hormones it could be assumed that hyper gravity might affect reproduction via modification of sperm hyperactivation. Third, apoptosis occurred during spermatogenesis especially in spermatocyte stage. Space environment might affect the function of sperm selection by modifying the apoptosis. In addition we discussed about diffusion of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) in sperm flagella and human sexuality. We move ahead on these projects to space experiment., 資料番号: AA0063706069

To do Lifescience experiment inside International Space Station (ISS), it is important to keep condition of biological sample before and after microgravity experiment. In this paper the conditions of Cell culture Samples and fixatives for same duration and condition are discussed. Cell Experiment Unit (CEU) and its additional equipments are used for this experiment. It is concluded that use of the equipment is no bad effect for keeping samples inside it., 資料番号: AA0048095059

The embryonic development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was examined under different gravitational conditions. The early embryos after fertilization dissected from adult hermaphrodites normally hatched under hypergravity (200 G) or 3 D-clinorotation. On the other hand, the number of eggs laid by each hermaphrodite decreased and their hatching rate was reduced under hypergravity condition (100 G). The frequency of mitosis in the gonadal tips was also reduced. These indicate that the meiotic process and/or fertilization step and germline mitosis are more sensitive to hypergravity. It was also found that the first cleavage plane in the 1-cell embryo was slid to some extent by re-orientation of liquid culture vessel, but the pattern and timing of cleavages were not affected., 資料番号: AA0046917021

研究班ワーキンググループ「成長メカニズムに依存するタンパク質結晶の完全性」の活動の一環として、ヨーロッパ研究者グループとの協力により、FOTON-M3を用いた宇宙実験を実施したので、概要を報告する。, Microgravity experiment was carried out on the FOTON-M3 spacecraft based on the collaboration between the Japanese and European crystal growth community. We used 'GCB2' (Granada Crystallization Box) developed by the University of Granada for Protein Crystal Growth. GCB2 was on the FOTON-M3 spacecraft launched 14th September, 2007. The sample was retrieved 26th September. Here we will report the experiment overview., 資料番号: AA0063740000, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-07-022

資料番号: AA0063738000, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-011

国際宇宙ステーションロシアサービスモジュール利用微小粒子捕獲実験及び材料曝露実験(SM/MPAC&SEED実験)中間報告会 宇宙航空研究開発機構 20060221 茨城 日本, Interim Report Meeting of Micro-Particle Capturer and Materials Exposure Experiments Using Russian Service Module of International Space Station Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 20060221 Ibaraki Japan, 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)は、国際宇宙ステーションの初期利用として、ロシアサービスモジュールを利用した微小粒子捕獲実験および材料曝露実験を行った。本実験では、同じ試料を搭載した実験装置3式を2001年8月にロシアのソユーズロケットで打上げ、同年10月に宇宙飛行士による船外活動によりロシアサービスモジュール外壁に3式を同時に設置して曝露実験を開始した。1式目の試料は2002年8月に船内に回収され、11月に地上に帰還した。2式目の試料は2004年2月に回収、4月に地上帰還、そして最後の3式目の試料は2005年8月に回収され、10月に地上に帰還し、すべての試料が成功裏に回収された。微小粒子捕獲実験では、スペースデブリ、マイクロメテオロイドなどの宇宙空間に存在する微小粒子を捕獲し、その起源や存在・分布量を把握することを目的としており、微小粒子に関する宇宙環境モデルの構築にもデータは生かされる。材料曝露実験では、宇宙用の材料を宇宙環境に曝露し、その耐性、劣化挙動および劣化メカニズムを評価・解明することを目的としており、大学、研究機関、民間企業など計7機関から提案され選定された試料を宇宙環境に曝露した。同じ試料を曝露期間を変化させて回収した今回の実験は世界でも初めての試みであり、新たな知見が得られることが期待される。宇宙曝露実験という性格上、将来の宇宙開発あるいは関連の科学技術の発展に貢献できるかどうかは、回収した試料の分析・評価にかかっていると言っても過言ではなく、試料提案研究者間あるいは関連研究者との情報や意見交換が重要である。2004年3月に、第1回の回収試料の分析・評価結果について意見交換する場として第1回中間報告会を開催した。2006年2月には第2回の回収試料の分析・評価結果について議論するために第2回中間報告会を開催した。本講演集は、第2回の中間報告会の講演前刷をまとめたものである。第1回、第2回の中間報告会での活発な討議を通して、宇宙環境が材料に及ぼす影響がかなり明確に捉えられつつあるが、一方、相反する結果やコンタミネーションの影響など、新たな課題も明らかとなってきた。現在、第3回目の回収試料の分析・評価が進められており、その研究成果は逐次報告されている。2008年3月に全3回の回収試料の評価解析結果を総合した研究成果を報告する予定でいるが、宇宙開発だけでなく関連科学技術の発展に大きく寄与する成果が公表されるものと確信している。, 資料番号: AA0063224000, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-021

'Micro-LabSat', a micro-piggyback satellite, was launched by an H-2A rocket on December 14, 2002. One of its missions was to release truncated cone-shaped targets with representative dimensions of approximately 10 cm and evaluate the use of machine vision to estimate their position and attitude relative to the satellite. As a follow-on mission using the same camera, an attitude control moon-tracking maneuver was planned comprising the following steps: (1) recognize the moon in captured images and track it continuously, (2) calculate the median point of the moon, (3) control the satellite's attitude to move the moon's position in the image to be near the image center, (4) maintain the moon's position near the center of the image. Micro-LabSat is a bias-momentum micro satellite with two wheels, a configuration that is not normally capable of agile attitude maneuvers. This paper describes an algorithm 'Sliding Mode Controller using the Rodriguez parameter' that has been developed to enable such maneuvers, and presents the results of its evaluation by numerical simulation and an on-orbit moon tracking experiment., 資料番号: AA0049202000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-05-038

本研究は、微小重力科学国際公募(IAO)のテーマの一環として、国際宇宙ステーション(ISS: International Space Station)に搭載される実験装置の相互利用を目的として行われた。ハーフゾーン液柱内の対流場を可視化する方法として、一般にトレーサ粒子法が用いられる地上実験において、対流場が3次元回転振動流を呈する際、トレーサ粒子が1つの閉じたひも状に集合する現象を捉えている。これをSpiral Loop Particle Accumulation Structure(SL-PAS)と名づけた。本研究では、実験用小型ロケットMAXUS6を用いた宇宙実験を、2004年11月22日に欧州宇宙機構(ESA)の支援により行った。これにより微小重力環境下においても粒子が集合し、SL-PASが形成されることが始めて明らかになった。さらに周方向波数m=2および3のいずれの場合もSL-PASの形成に成功した。SL-PASの上面および側面の2方向からの可視化により、微小重力環境下におけるSL-PASの3次元的構造を再構築することに成功した。さらに同条件での数値シミュレーションによってもSL-PASの再現に成功した。, Seeding the flow with tracer particles is a common way to visualize the flow in a half zone liquid bridge. In our experiments on the ground, these tracer particles were found to accumulate and to form a rotating closed loop when the flow field is three dimensional and traveling. We named this structure the Spiral Loop Particle Accumulation Structure (SL-PAS). The present experiment conducted was using the sounding rocket MAXUS6 which launched on 22. 11. 2004 operated by ESA. The SL-PAS was firstly confirmed to emerge under the microgravity, too. The SL-PASs with mode number of 2 and 3 were formed successfully. Bottom and side views of the SL-PAS were recorded. The numerical analysis of the three dimensional structure was also performed., 資料番号: AA0049200000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-05-036

「宇宙オープンラボ」は、どなたでも参加できる「宇宙ビジネス研究所」として、2004年に宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)が開始したプログラムです。「宇宙オープンラボ」を活用して、新しい発想でビジネスのフロンティアを拓いている産・学・官連携チーム(「ユニット」)の実例をご紹介します。, 資料番号: AA0049804000, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-009

Our working group have been noted the importance of woody plant under the space. Morphology of woody branch growth is different from that of stem growth in herbs. Morphology in tree is related to secondary xylem formation. Nobody knows the tree shape grown under the space environment. The study of their shape is to study the function and mechanism about the secondly xylem formation in tree. Bonsai is one of the Japanese traditional arts. We first study the function and mechanism about the relation of the secondly xylem formation and gravity using by Bonsai as experimental material. 'CosmoBon' is small tree Bonsai for the experiment related to space. The reaction wood in small Bonsai, CosmoBon is suitable to examine under the space environment. Our goal is our watching various species of trees which are growing as bioresource for our life in the space., 資料番号: AA0063706120

A combustion synthesis technology is advantageously applied to in-situ resource utilization in space without any oxygen supply, which can initiate chemical reactions with partial heating and to provide heat for driving the accomplishment of compound synthesis through the reaction itself and not by an external source. Since the heat generated by the exothermic reaction is sufficient for applications in heat treatments of various materials, the technology has been world-widely investigated not only in fundamental purposes but also in practical developments., 資料番号: AA0063706036

宇宙軌道環境では、原子状酸素、紫外線、電子線、放射線、宇宙塵、熱変化など複合因子により摩擦係数の増大や摩耗量の増加の問題が懸念され固体潤滑材料にとって過酷な環境であり、したがって、駆動部材料はそのままでは摩擦増大の他に酸化や照射損傷によって一層摩擦が増大する可能性があるために高性能固体潤滑剤の被覆により長期にわたって円滑な駆動が保証されることが望まれている。そこでTiNをはじめとする4種類の異なる摩擦特性を持つ固体潤滑材料をステンレス鋼に被覆した試料を軌道上に打ち上げ設置しこの軌道上において1年ならびに1年以上の長期間わたって軌道環境で曝露し地上に回収した後、摩擦特性、表面構造、ならびに組織組成などを分析して軌道用固体潤滑被覆膜の軌道環境曝露の影響について検討し、特に、曝露試料、および地上保管比較試料とで、摩擦特性、加熱処理による効果、荷重依存性摩擦測定による凝着力、表面形状など基本的特性変化について報告したい。, 資料番号: AA0063224009, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-021