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Context Repetitive joint use is a risk factor for osteoarthritis, which is a leading cause of disability. Sports requiring a racket or bat to perform repetitive high-velocity impacts may increase the risk of thumb-base osteoarthritis. However, this hypothesis remains untested. Objective To determine if a history of participation in racket or bat sports was associated with the prevalence of thumb-base osteoarthritis. Design Descriptive epidemiologic study. Setting Four US clinical sites associated with the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Patients or Other Participants We recruited 2309 men and women from the community. Eligible participants had dominant-hand radiographic readings, hand symptom assessments, and historical physical activity survey data. Main Outcome Measure(s) A history of exposure to racket or bat sports (badminton, baseball or softball, racketball or squash, table tennis [or ping pong], tennis [doubles], or tennis [singles]) was based on self-reported recall data covering 3 age ranges (12–18, 19–34, and 35–49 years). Prevalent radiographic thumb-base osteoarthritis was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence grade >2 in the first carpometacarpal joint or scaphotrapezoidal joint at the Osteoarthritis Initiative baseline visit. Symptomatic thumb-base osteoarthritis was defined as radiographic osteoarthritis and hand or finger symptoms. Results Radiographic or symptomatic thumb-base osteoarthritis was present in 355 (34%) and 56 (5%), respectively, of men (total = 1049) and 535 (42%) and 170 (13%), respectively, of women (total = 1260). After adjusting for age, race, and education level, we found no significant associations between a history of any racket or bat sport participation and thumb-base osteoarthritis (radiographic or symptomatic; odds ratios ranged from 0.82 to 1.34). Conclusions In a community-based cohort, a self-reported history of participation in racket or bat sports was not associated with increased odds of having radiographic or symptomatic thumb-base osteoarthritis in the dominant hand.

Since the 1970s, National Football League (NFL) teams have hired attractive women to dance in scantily clad uniforms as a means of entertaining their heterosexual, male fans—offering a reflection of hegemonic gender ideology in the process. In recent years, a handful of these professional cheerleaders have spoken up and taken action against gender discrimination. Yet, little has changed. This study takes a feminist critical discourse analysis perspective to examining how gender ideology is (re)produced in discourse surrounding the employment roles of NFL cheerleaders, contributing to the perpetuation of gender inequality in sport. Findings demonstrate that three distinct gender ideologies are (re)produced in the discourse, competing with each other to define meanings associated with NFL cheerleading employment roles. Additionally, analysis reveals that while NFL teams have made changes to their cheerleading programs in response to feminist critiques, discourse surrounding these changes continues to (re)produce hegemonic femininity.

We developed an IoT wristband for basketball shooting analysis, which can provide a quantified shooting guidance for basketball players in a convenient and low-cost manner. An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor-based wristband was used to collect the shooting motion data of 20 players with different level of skills, including 15 amateur basketball players and 5 elite players. The size of the wristband is 247mm × 20mm × 11mm, with a weight of 12.3g, which is small and lightweight. Its chip consists of a power system, a microcontroller and an IMU sensor (MPU-9250), which can acquire data of 3-axis acceleration, 3-axis angular velocity and 3-axis magnetic field data, and then transmit the data to a computing platform via Bluetooth. After correlation analysis, we use the data of triaxial acceleration and triaxial angular velocity to identify these 18 shooting movements. As experiment result shows, the four categories of shooting movements (i.e., set shots, layups, jump shots, and tip-ins) could be recognized at an accuracy of 98.0%. The overall recognition accuracy of 18 kinds of shooting movements is up to 98.5%. Furthermore, the AI-wristband can also be used for distinguishing the identity of participants, with a recognition rate of 97.4%, respectively. This new technology can be applied to quantitative basketing shot-making guidance, and potentially have applications for other motions and sports such as table tennis, racquetball, volleyball, and soccer.

Purpose:To provide a descriptive analysis of the warm-up (WU) strategies employed by cross-country skiers prior to distance and sprint competitions at a national championship and to compare the skiers’ planned and executed WUs prior to the respective competitions.Methods:Twenty-one national- and international-level skiers (11 women and 10 men) submitted WU plans prior to the distance and sprint competitions, and after the competitions, reported any deviations from the plans. Skiers used personal monitors to record heart rate (HR) during WU, races, and cooldown. Quantitative statistical analyses were conducted on WU durations, durations in HR-derived intensity zones, and WU loads. Qualitative analyses were conducted on skiers’ WU plans and their reasons for deviating from the plans.Results:Skiers’ planned WUs were similar in content and planned time in HR-derived intensity zones for both the distance and sprint competitions. However, 45% of the women and 20% of the men reported that their WU was not carried out as planned, with reasons detailed as being due to incorrect intensities and running out of time. WU activities including skiing across variable terrain, muscle-potentiating exercises, and heat-maintenance strategies were missing from the skiers’ planned routines.Conclusions:Skiers favored a long, traditional WU approach for both the sprint and distance events, performing less high-intensity and more moderate-intensity exercise during their WUs than planned. In addition, elements likely relevant to successful performance in cross-country skiing were missing from WU plans.

This study examined the application of active inference to dynamic visuomotor control. Active inference proposes that actions are dynamically planned according to uncertainty about sensory information, prior expectations, and the environment, with motor adjustments serving to minimise future prediction errors. We investigated whether predictive gaze behaviours are indeed adjusted in this Bayes-optimal fashion during a virtual racquetball task. In this task, participants intercepted bouncing balls with varying levels of elasticity, under conditions of higher or lower environmental volatility. Participants' gaze patterns differed between stable and volatile conditions in a manner consistent with generative models of Bayes-optimal behaviour. Partially observable Markov models also revealed an increased rate of associative learning in response to unpredictable shifts in environmental probabilities, although there was no overall effect of volatility on this parameter. Findings extend active inference frameworks into complex and unconstrained visuomotor tasks and present important implications for a neurocomputational understanding of the visual guidance of action.

The mediatization of sport has created a rise in sports organisations expanding their media presence through digital platforms. However, the often-opposing ambitions of in-house media and sports journalism newsrooms highlight a contest over boundaries. This article examines how the mediatization of sport has impacted on content in in-house and traditional newsrooms and whether it is more aligned with journalism or public relations. The study analyses the coverage of both news and match reporting in six newspaper websites and five national sports organisation websites in Australia. The qualitative analysis is based on a sample of 466 text-based stories and focuses predominantly on elements of critical reporting and cheerleading. The findings outline how mediatization of sport through in-house publications is changing the boundaries of sports media and sports journalism. There were often strong divisions between the coverage in the sports organisations and news publications, with the in-house titles usually the more promotional, positive and less critical.

Pediatric injuries in performance sports represent a significant healthcare burden and account for over 50,000 annual Emergency Department (ED) visits in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare pediatric injury presentation across the most common performance sports.The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was retrospectively analyzed for pediatric injuries (3-18 years) related to gymnastics, dance, or cheerleading from 2015-2019. Cases were categorized as children (˂11 years) or adolescent (≥11 years). Injuries were categorized as orthopedic (fractures, dislocations, sprain, strains), non-orthopedic (contusion, internal injury, laceration), concussion, or other/unknown. Case narratives were used to categorize mechanism of injury as contact or non-contact. Appropriate sample NEISS weights estimation was applied for statistical analysis and Confidence Intervals (CI).A total of 393,110 injuries were observed over the five-year study period, with a mean of 78,622 annual injuries. Gymnastics, dance, and cheerleading accounted for 136,422 injuries, 96,416 injuries, and 160,272 injuries, respectively. Most cases were adolescent (71%; 95% CI: 68-74%) and occurred in a sports-related setting (65%, 95% CI: 57-72%). Gymnastics had the highest proportion of injuries among children (50%) as compared to dancers (25%) or cheerleaders (12%) (p 0.01). Non-contact injuries most affected the lower extremity (43-68%) and resulted in an orthopedic diagnosis (63-71%), and contact injuries had a higher proportion of injuries affecting the head, neck, and face (29-51%) and non-orthopedic diagnoses (29-38%). Gymnastics had the most upper extremity non-contact injuries (42%) and dance the most lower extremity non-contact injuries (68%) (p 0.01). Cheerleading had the highest incidence of overall concussions (8%), contact injuries (47%), and concussions due to contact injury (15%).Pediatric gymnasts, cheerleaders, and dancers have important similarities and differences in injury pattern which may lead to the development of sport-specific injury prevention programs for pediatric performance athletes.

This study aims to see the effect of 5 Post Circuit exercises and Cross Country exercises to improve students' physical fitness, which was carried out by Junior High School students during the pandemic. The method used is experimental. The population in this study were 20 students of class 8A SMPN Padalarang. The instruments used are the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test for junior high school (SMP) level: 50-meter sprint test, 30-second body lift test, 60-second lying down test, upright jump test and 1000-meter long-distance running test. The results of the analysis of 5 items of physical fitness test with an average category of being. It can be concluded that the 5 post circuit training and cross-country training have a significant effect on increasing students' physical fitness during the pandemic.

Paragliding tourism is a breathtaking form of air adventure that impacted from Covid-19 pandemic as the activities is highly in human touch particularly tandem flight. There is a significant need for applying CHSE in each element of paragliding tourism. Thus, it is the purpose of this community service to facilitate and socialize the CHSE for paragliding tourism in flying site at Puncak Bogor West Java. 50 participants for stakeholder of paragliding tourism were participated in-class training for 4 hours and continued with out-class simulation out-door for 6 hours and wrapped up with paragliding flight for 1 hour. The result of training was monitored using checklist (see table below) of paragliding tourism CHSE. The list consists of criteria, indicators, and proven evidence. General conduct due to Covid-19 pandemic was socialized while the flow of service in nine area of paragliding flying sites were exercised in the field. It is expected that implementation of paragliding tourism CHSE manual could minimize the risks of transmission and each step-in service flow is constructed to avoid the impact of the pandemic. By practicing the manual, it is an encouragement for the stakeholder in paragliding tourism to rejuvenate and prepare to be visited with new tourist who more conscious with safety and health issues during their holiday. Keywords: CHSE, Paragliding Tourism, Application

Introdução: O treinamento de força (TF) é efetivo para aumentar a aptidão funcional (AF) em idosos. Entretanto, a literatura é escassa em relação a alguns métodos de TF. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de um modelo de treinamento agonista-antagonista realizado em circuito (AAC) na AF em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 13 mulheres idosas (68,6 ± 6,1 anos, 66,4 ± kg, 1,57 ± 0,007 metros) para participar desta pesquisa. Todas foram submetidas ao Sênior Fitness Test para avaliar a AF e medidas de peso, estatura e circunferência de panturrilha para medir a composição corporal. O protocolo de treinamento foi em um modelo AAC com exercícios realizados na sequência: extensão de joelhos, flexão de joelhos, cadeira abdutora, cadeira adutora, supino reto, remada articulada, rosca tríceps e rosca bíceps durante oito semanas. Todas realizaram entre 8 e 10 repetições, intervalo de 30 segundos e três séries no circuito. Resultados: Após oito semanas de treinamento AAC, a AF melhorou significativamente (p ≤ 0,05). Porém, não foram observadas diferenças para a composição corporal (p ≥ 0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento organizado em um modelo AAC promove melhora da AF e pode ser utilizado para manutenção de uma vida ativa e melhora da qualidade de vida nessa população.

Studies show aerobic exercise increases irisin and leads to health benefits. The impact of circuit training (CT) on irisin in overweight younger and older adults is unknown. The objectives were to determine whether, during an acute bout of CT, changes in irisin differed between overweight younger and older adults, and if irisin is associated with body composition, fitness level, or muscle strength. Inactive, overweight adults aged between 19–35 (25.9 ± 5.0; n = 15) and 60–75 years (67.7 ± 4.1; n = 14) participated in this study. The primary exposure variable was an acute bout of CT (12–15 repetitions; 65–70% of 1-repetition maximum; 3 loops). The primary outcome measure was the concentration of irisin determined by ELISA before, during, and after exercise. Repeated-measures analyses showed no effect of time on irisin levels during acute CT, and no interaction effect between age and time (p > 0.05). No associations were observed between changes in irisin and body composition, fitness, or strength (p > 0.05). In conclusion, acute CT does not increase irisin in overweight individuals, and irisin is not associated with the measured outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the release of irisin by different types of exercise across the lifespan. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03715088). Novelty: Younger and older adults show a similar irisin response to an acute bout of circuit training. Irisin response is not associated with measures of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, or muscle strength.

Background Ultimate Frisbee is a non-contact, self-refereed team sport that is rapidly gaining popularity in Hong Kong. As it is a physically demanding competition, it can result in substantial injury risk. However, the injury epidemiology data in Hong Kong remains lacking. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the injury prevalence and risk factors for Ultimate Frisbee players in Hong Kong. Methods Online self-reported surveys were collected from participants through the Hong Kong Flying Disc Federation for the 2019 season. Data was collected on injury type, location, nature, severity and onset. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated as injuries per 1000 h of athlete-exposures (AEs). Incidence rate ratios were determined to compare IRs with 95% confidence intervals, which were used to calculate differences. In addition, analysis on IR will be made on comparing between training and tournament. Results Response rate of 75.6% was achieved, of which 59 entries were included for analysis. We observed 54 injuries over 9412 AEs for a total IR of 5.74 per 1000 h of AEs. The injury prevalence is 62.7%, with both men and women having similar incidence (IRR = 1.161, 95% CI = 0.63, 2.14, p = 0.63). The most common injuries were in the lower limb (61.1%). Cutting was the most frequent injury mechanism (23.7%). The risk of injury during training is 3 times less compared to during tournament (IRR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.60, p Conclusion Our preliminary findings provide evidence that majority of Ultimate injuries in Hong Kong players involved the lower extremity with injuries occurring more in tournaments than training. This study is an important first step to provide the groundwork for tailoring prevention strategies to minimize injuries in Ultimate Frisbee.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-month high- or moderate-intensity total-body circuit training (CT) program on physical fitness in prepubertal soccer players. Sixty-seven prepubertal boys with a mean age of 11.2 ± 0.7 years completed the study. Participants from a soccer academy were randomly assigned either to a high-intensity CT group (HCT, n = 22) or a moderate-intensity CT group (MCT, n = 24). A control group (CON, n = 21) comprised age-matched individuals who were not involved in any regular training regime. CT protocols were included in the experimental group’s training sessions 3 times per week over 24 weeks as part of their usual weekly training regime. Based on the HR zone method, CT protocols included high- or moderate-intensity (85–95% HRmax or 75–85% HRmax) series of 3 different sets of upper- and lower-body strength exercises with articular and muscular mobilization, all culminated with 40-m sprints. Physical fitness was evaluated by the Eurofit test which included the flamingo balance (FLB), plate tapping (PLT), sit-and-reach (SAR), standing broad jump (SBJ), handgrip (HG), sit-ups (SUP), bent arm hang (BAH), 10×5 m shuttle run (SHR), and the Physical Working Capacity test (PWC170). The two-way ANOVA indicated group×time interaction effects for 5 components: the largest was for the SBJ (F2,63 = 42.895, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.577), and the lowest for the SHR (F2,63 = 5.006, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.137) indicating better improvements in the HCT compared to the MCT group. Furthermore, for HCT and MCT groups the highest pre- to post-intervention percentage changes were for the FLB and the SAR, while in the CON group the changes of all physical fitness components were not significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the intensity-controlled total-body CT protocol incorporated into a standard soccer training program is effective for enhancement in physical fitness performance in prepubertal soccer players.

Dosis latihan perlu dipilih untuk menentukan hasil yang diharapkan. Dosis Latihan juga dipilih berdasarkan tujuan latihan. Penerapan dosis latihan akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap variabel yang diharapkan. Latihan untuk penurunan berat badan memiliki ciri membakar lemak. Terdapat pilihan dalam menentukan dosis latihan untuk penurunan berat badan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan dosis intensitas latihan 75% dan 100% terhadap fluktuasi penurunan berat badan. Penelitian ini tidak terfokus pada pres tes dan post tes semata, tetapi lebih pada membuktikan sebarapa efektif antara 75% dab 100% . Desain penelitian dengan eksperimen memberikan perlakukan 75% latihan sirkuit training dengan beban dan sirkuit 100%. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 12 Mahasiswa sebagai sampel. Latihan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 12 alat. Sebelum dan setelah latihan dilakukan penimbangan berat badan. Berdasarkan pencatatan selama latihan ternyata berat badan akan turun lebih besar jika menggunakan intensitas yang lebih tinggi (100%) dengan nilai mean 0.3113 dan 0.2592, berdasarkan uji normalitas ternyata data dinyatakan tidak normal. Analisis non parameterik dengan Wilcoxon W signigikansi hitung 0.033 sehingga dapat disimpulkan, pertama, intensitas 75% dan 100% berpengaruh terhadap penurunan berat badan sesudah latihan, bahwa terdapat perbedaan diantara kedua intensitas tersebut dengan intensitas 100% lebih efektif.

As a result of the analysis of the scientific-methodical literature of the problem under study of the physical development of women 25-45 years old, we can state that the numerical aspects of the given approach were studied or were in sight of researchers. At the same time, it should be noted that the attention of professionals in the field of physical culture and sports to the use of innovative means of recreative types of gymnastics in the practice of leisure activities for women of mature age is observed. Goal of research – to substantiate the characteristics and specific peculiarities of recreative types of gymnastics of mature women in the conditions of pandemic COVID-19. A set of complementary theoretical research methods was used to achieve the goal of research: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the problem of the peculiarities of the implementation of recreative types of gymnastics for women of mature age; synthesis and deduction. Research findings. The study focused on the feasibility of recreative types of gymnastics during the COVID-19 pandemic for women of mature age. Attention is focused on rhythmic gymnastics and its various forms: fitness, aerobics, shaping and circuit training. It is pointed out that an important criterion of this type of recreative gymnastics is the tempo, rhythm, musical volume, sound volume and other means of musical expression that directly affect the improvement of sensory and cognitive functions of women of mature age. It is stated that rhythmic gymnastics allows to adjust the process of formation of physical and mental health of women of mature age. The degrees of load used in circuit training of a recreative nature in a pandemic COVID-19 are described. Conclusions. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most effective types of recreative gymnastics are fitness, aerobics, shaping with the use of circuit training methods. Health load on the body of women of mature age is selected taking into consideration their individual profile, level of physical development and functional readiness. This approach preserves the potential of the body's functional systems and the psychological health of women of mature age.

Adventure sports such as River Rafting, Zip-Line, Paragliding and Skiing become popular in India in last few years, there are many factors which helped this trend to increase and millennials are driving this entire sector. Adventure Sports provide an unexplainable thrill and kills the stress with recreation and unforgettable life time experiences. Paragliding is one of the most popular adventure sports in India and there are more than 25 sites and still growing. Due to the increased popularity, all states are exploring the opportunities to develop sites wherever its feasible. When we talk about Paragliding in India, the first site which comes to the mind is Bir-Billing in Himachal Pradesh. These twin town are not only famous in India but in the entire world and also hosted the world cup in 2015. Now Bir-Billing emerges as the role model for other sites. There is yet another state – Uttarakhand, which has approximately 5 operational sites for paragliding however, could not become popular like Bir- Billing despite having all the necessary elevation and large landing fields. This study is based on the exploratory research and intended to draw conclusions based on expert’s opinion, on site observations and other secondary source of data and aimed in finding out the factors which played a key role in the success of Bir-Billing and how Uttarakhand can learn from it to develop Paragliding in the state. The findings can provide a substantial base for the further development and scope of improvement to attract more tourists.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of home-based upper extremity circuit training exercises (CTEs) with supervised hospital program in male patients with traumatic complete paraplegia. Patients and methods: Twenty men with paraplegia (mean age: 38±10.1 years; range, 30 to 43 years) between January 2007 and November 2007 were randomized into two groups. The first group had supervised hospital CTE program, whereas the second group had home-based CTE. The effects of the upper extremity CTE by using elastic bands 60 min per day, five days a week, for a total of eight weeks (70% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]) were examined. The Cybex was used for the isokinetic testing of the upper extremities. The VO2max and maximum heart rate (HR) were assessed using an arm ergometer. The Craig Handicap Report Technique Short Form (CHART-SF) was used for the evaluation of functional independence and mobility. Serum lipid profiles were measured. Results: The mean injury duration was 7.9±2 years. The peak torque values of the upper extremities, VO2max, maximum HR, CHART-SF physical independence and mobility scores, and serum lipid profile were all improved in both groups (p0.05). The improvement in the VO2max, physical independence, and mobility scores were greater in the supervised exercise group. Conclusion: Upper extremity strength, cardiovascular endurance, and lipid profile were improved after supervised and home-based CTE in the men with paraplegia. Home-based exercise programs may be good alternatives to the hospital rehabilitation for this patient population.

Background: Maturing is followed by slow physiological changes in body structures, such as decreases in muscle strength, movement speed, response time, and changes in equilibrium and integumentary systems. Deftness is constantly compromised by maturing procedure. Aim: To determine effects of circuit training on vestibular dysfunction in geriatric population Methods: This research included 34 participants with age ranges from 50 to 85. All the participants were divided into two groups. Participants were assessed pre and post treatment by using modified CTSIB, DHI and Fukuda test. Group A received Cawthorne & Cooksey protocol. The standardized protocol consists of 4 steps that include specific exercises carried out during lying, sitting position, position of standing and walking state. These exercises were undertaken during the following 12 weeks until the end of the intervention. Results: Modified CTSIB pretreatment mean±SD for conventional group was 93.64± 20.709 and post treatment was 80.35± 30.211. On the other hand, pretreatment mean±SD for treatment group was 96.07± 15.349 and post treatment was 79.47± 25.169. Pretreatment P.value for CTSIB is .166 and of post treatment is .466 (P= > .05). DHI pretreatment mean±SD of conventional group was 41.41± 22.25 and post treatment was 20.0± 12.74. Pretreatment mean±SD of treatment group was 38.7± 22.404 and post treatment was 19.8± 16.501. Conclusion: Conventional treatment and circuit training both are equally effective for the rehabilitation of vestibular dysfunctions. However, according to the P.value (P=

Sustainable exercise strategies are needed for older adults to maintain aerobic capacity and strength. The objective of this pilot in 6 adults ≥ 65 years of age was to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of high-intensity functional circuit training which does not require stationary equipment. Instructor-led small group exercise classes were held 3x/week for 12 weeks using weight-bearing exercises performed in a circuit format at ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of 6-8/10. All 6 participants completed the pilot and showed significant improvements by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The six-minute walk distance increased 10.5%. Timed arm curl and chair stands increased 26.8% and 30.3% (all p ≤ 0.03). These preliminary findings suggest that high-intensity functional circuit exercise is feasible in older adults and increases functional measures of aerobic capacity and strength. Further research is warranted to develop this strategy which has the potential for broad dissemination without the need for a traditional exercise facility.

In 1974, Canada’s Liberal minority government introduced a bill designed to protect the Canadian Football League (CFL) from competition. It threatened jail for anyone who operated a football team i...

Sledding is generally considered to be a relatively harmless winter leisure activity. The increased incidence of injuries, some of them severe, in our emergency department in the catchment area of several sledding slopes prompted an analysis of this patient population with respect to frequency and severity of injuries.Based on the hospital documentation system, a retrospective evaluation of all emergency department visits in the winters 2016-2019 was performed. The words "sled", "sledge", "bob", "sledding", "sleighing", "sledging" were used as keywords, and the recorded data were analyzed with respect to outpatient treatment, inpatient treatment, inpatient treatment days, treatment days in the intensive care unit, number of necessary operations, injury patterns, and injury severity.A total of 175 injured patients were recorded over the 3‑year period. In 94 patients (54%) the injury was classified as mild, 70 patients (40%) required inpatient treatment with an average length of stay of 8 days, resulting in a total of 590 inpatient treatment days. Surgical treatment was given to 49 (28%) of the injured with a total of 66 operations, 81 patients suffered from severe injuries up to multiple trauma with an injury severity score (ISS) of 34.The study demonstrates that sledding has a significantly higher injury potential than generally assumed and that the resulting costs and consequences of accidents are relevant. Especially on the designated sledge slopes, an increase in safety standards could be achieved through appropriate measures and rules.HINTERGRUND: Rodeln bzw. Schlittenfahren gilt i. Allg. als relativ ungefährliche Freizeitbeschäftigung im Winter. Das vermehrte Aufkommen von z. T. schweren Verletzungen in unserer Notaufnahme im Einzugsgebiet mehrerer Rodelbahnen und Schlittenpisten war Anlass zur Analyse dieses Patientenkollektivs hinsichtlich Häufigkeit und Schwere der Verletzungen.Anhand der Klinikdokumentation erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung aller Notaufnahmebesuche der Winter 2016–2019. Als Schlagwörter wurden die Worte „Rodel“, „Schlitten“, „Bob“, „Zipfelbob“, „Schlittenfahren“, „rodeln“ verwendet und die erfassten Daten in Bezug auf ambulante-, stationäre Behandlung, stationäre Behandlungstage, Behandlungstage auf der Intensivstation, Zahl der notwendigen Operationen, Verletzungsmuster sowie Verletzungsschwere analysiert.Insgesamt wurden über den Zeitraum von 3 Jahren 175 Verletzte erfasst. Bei 94 Patienten (54 %) wurde die Verletzung als leicht eingestuft, 70 Patienten (40 %) benötigten eine stationäre Behandlung mit einer durchschnittlichen Verweildauer von 8 Tagen; in der Summe entstanden 590 stationäre Behandlungstage. Operativ behandelt wurden 49 (28 %) der Verunfallten mit insgesamt 66 Operationen, 81 Patienten erlitten schwere Verletzungen bis hin zu einer Polytraumatisierung mit einem Injury Severity Score (Iss) von 34.Unsere Untersuchung zeigt, dass das Rodeln und Schlittenfahren ein deutlich höheres Verletzungspotenzial besitzen als allgemein angenommen, und dass die hierdurch entstehenden Kosten und Unfallfolgen nicht unerheblich sind. Insbesondere auf den ausgewiesenen Rodelpisten könnte durch entsprechende Maßnahmen und Regeln eine Erhöhung des Sicherheitsstandards erreicht werden.

Following stroke, patients lose functions of the motor, sensory and higher cognitive skills to various degrees which diminish their ability to balance effectively and make necessary postural adjustments. Circuit training was being used to improve balance in patients. Circuit training is a form of body conditioning that involves endurance training, resistance training, high intensity aerobic exercise and exercises performed in a circuit. Berg Balance Scale was used as an outcome measure. Method: It is an experimental study done in 20 stroke patients selected with the help of purposive sampling method. Patients were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups. Group A received circuit training and Group B received conventional training. Training was given for 3 session per week for 4 weeks. Pre and Post BBS was taken. Result: The study suggested that circuit training is more effective than conventional training in stroke patients. Conclusions: The study shows that there is effect of circuit training on balance in stroke patient Key words: Stroke, Balance, Circuit training, BBS, Conventional training.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of floor exercises and swiss ball exercises with the circuit training method on balance, strength, flexibility and muscle endurance. This research uses a quasi-experimental, floor exercise treatment and Swiss ball exercise using the circuit training method with 10 training posts. The population in this study was students of physical education and sports of STKIP PGRI Jombang 2015, with a total population of 80 male students, with an average age of ±19 years, height ± 166.31cm, weight ± 58.63kg. From the test of each group (paired sample) obtained a significant difference between the pretest and posttest on each variable (p-value> 0.05). Meanwhile, from the ANOVA test was found out that there was a difference in the average results of the physical condition of each variable in each exercise method. The study concluded that: 1) there was an effect of floor and swiss ball exercises aided circuit training method, there is a significant enhancement of balance, strength, flexibility and muscle endurance; 2) in conventional training there was also a significant enhancement on balance, strength and flexibility. There was no significant enhancement in abdominal muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, and leg muscle endurance; and 3) there were significant differences between the three groups in balance, strength, flexibility and muscle endurance.

INTRODUCTION: The paragliding reserve parachute system is safety-critical but underused, unstandardized, and known to fail. This study aimed to characterize reserve parachute deployment under radial acceleration to make recommendations for system design and paraglider pilot training.METHODS: There were 88 licensed amateur paraglider pilots who were filmed deploying their reserve parachutes from a centrifuge. Of those, 43 traveled forward at 4 G simulating a spiral dive, and 45 traveled backward at 3 G simulating a rotational maneuver known as SAT. Tests incorporated ecologically valid body, hand, and gaze positions, and cognitive loading and switching akin to real deployment. The footage was reviewed by subject matter experts and compared to previous work in linear acceleration.RESULTS: Of the pilots, 2.3 failed to extract the reserve container from the harness. SAT appeared more cognitively demanding than spiral, despite lower G. Participants located the reserve handle by touch not sight. The direction of travel influenced their initial contact with the harness: 82.9 searched first on their hip in spiral, 63.4 searched first on their thigh in SAT. Search patterns followed skeletal landmarks. Participants had little directional control over their throw.CONCLUSIONS: Paraglider pilots are part of the reserve system. Maladaptive behaviors observed under stress highlighted that components must work in harmony with pilots natural responses, with minimal cognitive demands or need for innovation or problem-solving. Recommendations include positioning prominent, tactile reserve handles overlying the pilots hip; deployment bags extractable with any angle of pull; deployment in a single sweeping backward action; and significantly increasing reserve deployment drills.Wilkes M, Long G, Charles R, Massey H, Eglin C, Tipton MJ. Paraglider reserve parachute deployment under radial acceleration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):579587.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Pilates stable device with an instability device using circuit training method on balance, flexibility, abdominal muscle strength. This research used quasi-experimental design by giving exercises aided instability devices using a gym ball with a circuit training method in six training posts. Trainer used the gym ball instability devices programmed: 1) bridge on stability ball; 2) single leg on stability ball; 3) hip lift on stability ball; 4) single-leg hip lift on stability ball; 5) stability ball leg rotations stability ball leg rotations; 6) prone scaption (Y) on stability ball. Total population is 90 male students, age ± 19 years, height ± 164,40 cm, and body weight ± 55,33kg. From the test of each group (paired sample), it was found that there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest on the variable group of stable devices with instability devices (p-value> 0,05), while the control group did not have any difference (p-value, Цель этого исследования – проанализировать влияние стабильного устройства с устройством нестабильности с использованием метода круговой тренировки на равновесие, гибкость, силу мышц живота. В этом исследовании использовался квазиэкспериментальный дизайн, в шести тренировочных постах предложены устройства для повышения устойчивости с использованием гимнастического мяча и метод круговой трени- ровки. Тренер использовал устройства нестабильности гимнастического мяча, запрограммированные: 1) мост на мяче для стабилизации; 2) одна нога на мяч для стабилизации; 3) подъем бедра на мяч для стабилизации; подъем бедра на одной ноге на мяч для стабилизации; 5) стабильность вращения ног на мяче для стабилиза- ции вращение ногой мяча; 6) скэпция лежа (Y) на стабилизирующем мяче. Общая численность населения составляет 90 студентов мужского пола, возраст – ± 19 лет, рост – ± 164,40 см и масса тела – ± 55,33 кг. Из тестакаждой группы (парный образец) обнаружено, что существует значительная разница между предварительным тестом и посттестом на переменной группе стабильных устройств с нестабильными устройствами (p-значение > 0,05), в то время как в контрольной группе не было никаких разниц (p-значение, Мета цього дослідження – проаналізувати вплив стабільного пристрою з пристроєм нестабільності з використанням методу кругових тренувань на рівновагу, гнучкість, силу м’язів живота. У цьому дослідженні застосовано квазі- експериментальну конструкцію шляхом надання вправ із допоміжними пристосуваннями для нестабільності з використанням м’яча в тренажерному залі з круговим методом тренувань на шести тренувальних постах. Тренер застосовував запрограмовані прилади для нестабільності м'яча в тренажерному залі: 1) міст на м'ячі стійкості; 2) одна нога на м'ячі для стійкості; 3) підйом стегна на м'ячі для стійкості; 4) підйом стегна на одній нозі на м'ячі для стійкості; 5) стабільність обертання м'яча на ногах обертання кульових ніг; 6) схильний витяг (Y) на стійкому м'ячі. Загальна чисельність населення – 90 студентів чоловічої статі, вік ± 19 років, зріст ± 164,40 см і вага тіла ± 55,33 кг. За результатами тесту кожної групи (парної вибірки) встановлено, що існувала суттєва різниця між попереднім та подальшим тестом на змінній групі стабільних пристроїв із пристроями нестабільності (р-значення> 0,05), тоді як у контрольної групи не було різниці (р-значення

Topicality. One of the primary issues of the modern world community is the a harmonious personality formation, which has a high level of spiritual, intellectual, physical abilities development, as well as physical health. The content and organization of the child's physical activity during school and out of school time are of exceptional importance in improving the child's somatic health. There is an effective introduction into the practice of PE for children and adolescents of innovative health technologies and new types of physical activity. In recent years, roller skating as a type of physical activity has become widespread in our state. The first research in Ukraine, which is devoted to the substantiation and development of organizational and methodological principles of using roller skates in PE and health improving classes for 5–6 form pupils is S. Vlasova thesis (2019). However, it is known that the innovative technologies introduction in the secondary school PE is quite limited. Therefore, given the popularity and availability of this type of physical activity, it can be considered to test the approaches proposed by the author in extracurricular PE and health classes with 5th form scoolchildren of secondary school. The Research Purpose is to implement and experimentally test the effectiveness of PE and health improving classes program with priority use of roller skates with 5th form pupils of secondary schools. The Research Methods. Data analysis of scientific and methodological papers, particularly, pedagogical methods (observations, experiments, testing); methods of mathematical statistics have been used within the study. The Results of the Research. The program of extracurricular PE and health improving classes introduction on «Roller skates: an innovative PE vector» suggests its effectiveness, as the calculation of Student's t-distribution allows to talk about a significant advantage of male and female pupils of experimental groups over their peers in physical preparedness, indicators of speed and strength abilities, endurance, arm muscle strength, flexibility and coordination skills. Conclusions. The obtained results testify to the positive influence of the innovative program «Roller skates: an innovative method in Physical Education» on the physical preparedness of scoolchildren aged 10–11.

Introduction. The necessity of a proper physical training of athletes and their harmonious development of also implies making them accustomed with the practice of circuit training within handball specific training sessions. This ensures the mastery of a complex set of exercises and its methods of execution. Aims: We started from the premise that the chaining of several handball specific exercises within a training circuit can be beneficial for the development of conditional and coordinative abilities of the male U17 handball players. Methods: The method used was mainly the experimental one, speed testing in different directions was performed, with emphasis on execution, acceleration and force speed, as well as agility and general coordination. Data interpretation was performed by applying the statistical-mathematical method, the method of graphical representations. Results: The results show a statistically significant difference between mean results obtained by the subjects of the two groups in the "Training circuit 1" test for testing speed in different directions, with emphasis on execution, acceleration and force speed, as well as agility and general coordination, the average being 31.98 sec. for the experiment group and 34.48 sec. for the control group. As a result, the average of the experiment group is lower by 2.51 sec. (7.27%). Conclusions: The higher the motor skill indicators, the more the technical-tactical abilities of male U17 handball players will make the difference in achieving maximum efficiency.

The article examines the influence of special physical training classes on the formation of physical readiness of cadets for future professional activities in the process of training at technical higher military educational institution. Cadets of the 1st-3rd years of study (n = 43) of the S. P. Koroliov Zhytomyr Military Institute took part in the study. Two groups were formed: experimental (EG, n=21), the cadets of which were engaged in the "CrossFit" classes, and control (CG, n = 22), the cadets of which were engaged according to the current system of physical training. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature sources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. One of the means of physical training that can help solve the outlined problem is the means of special physical training "CrossFit". The essence of the "CrossFit" is to perform simple and affordable physical exercises for the development of physical qualities and different muscle groups by high-intensity circuit training (without rest between exercises or with short breaks for rest). It was found that the level of development of physical qualities among cadets who were engaged in the "CrossFit" classes at the end of the study was significantly higher than among those who were engaged in the current system of physical training during sports-mass work. The most pronounced influence of "CrossFit" classes was revealed on the development of the functional capacities of EG cadets (3 km running) and their strength qualities (pulling up on the crossbar).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Circuit Training training and beetroot giving to the improvement of endurance abilities in karate athletes. This research method using experimental methods. Population and sample were 10 athletes of Karate Dojo at SMA PAB 4 Sampali who were obtained by total sampling technique, then divided into two groups using matching pairing techniques, namely the Circuit Training training group and giving beets and without giving beets (control group). The research instrument for data collection using tests and measurements, namely the Bleeb test endurance test. The first hypothesis 0.120> 0.05, Ha is rejected, meaning that the first hypothesis Ho is accepted, there is no significant effect of Circuit Training training and Beetroot Training on the increase in athlete's endurance. The second hypothesis 0.183> 0.05, Ha is rejected, meaning that the conclusion of the second hypothesis Ho is accepted there is no significant effect of Circuit Training without giving beet fruit (control group) on the increase in athlete's endurance. The third hypothesis shows that the Sig. 0.757> 0.05, then Ha is rejected, that is, there is no significant difference between the average value of the post-training circuit training and the giving of beets between the experimental group without giving beets (control group).

Human can achieve roller-skating utilizing passive wheels to improve movement speed. Inspired by human roller-skating, a new dynamic roller-skating gait of a typical mammalian quadrupedal robot with passive wheels is proposed to promote mobile efficiency. According to the motion characteristics of human dynamic roller-skating, a simple structure of passive wheels installed on feet is designed for the mammalian quadrupedal robot to achieve this dynamic roller-skating without adding any active joints. Imitating human roller-skating, this dynamic roller-skating gait based on the bilateral symmetry can achieve the linear and turning motion. The Poincare map and the skating inverted pendulum model derived from human roller-skating are used to simplify the controller of the quadrupedal robot without considering real dynamical characteristics. The proposed roller-skating gait is verified in simulations and experiments. The results prove that the roller-skating gait has higher speed and efficiency than the conventional trotting gait.

The recently discovered myokines, irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21, have emerged beneficial for metabolic health due to their role in regulating browning. This study examined the effects of high-intensity circuit training on obesity indices, physical fitness, and irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21 levels in inactive female college students. Ten female college students performed high-intensity circuit training (jogging, stretching, squat jumps, arm walking and push-ups, lunge jumps, burpee test, mountain climbers, side steps, and crunches and side crunches exercises). The exercise program consisted of 40 min of circuit training at 60%-80% hear rate reserve and was conducted 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The body composition, physical fitness, and concentration of plasma irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21 were analyzed before and after the exercise. The body weight (P=0.001), waist circumference (P=0.003), and body fat percentage (P=0.003) decreased, while the muscular strength (handgrip strength test, P=0.030; sit-ups test, P=0.024) and cardiorespiratory fitness (P=0.001) increased after the exercise program. However, there were no significant changes in the irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21 levels. These results suggest that high-intensity circuit training could be the ideal type of exercise in inactive female college students to induce a positive change in the obesity indices and physical fitness. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of exercise on the browning factors.

Introduction: The assessment of body composition in female athletes of different sports is important for health monitoring. Objective: To compare body composition in university athletes of different team sports (indoor soccer, flag football and volleyball). Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 45 female athletes, aged 18 to 35 years (22.8 ± 3.55). The dependent variables were body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) measured by air displacement plethysmography. Bone mineral content, adjusted for height (BMC/height) and bone mineral density (BMD), were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The independent variable was sport [flag football (n = 12); indoor soccer (n = 20); volleyball (n = 13)] and the covariates were age (complete years), training volume (minutes per week) and length of time playing the sport (complete years). Analysis of covariance was used. Results: Adjusting the model for covariates, volleyball athletes (19.27 kg ± 2.20) presented higher FM values compared to the flag football (16.00 kg ± 1.70) and indoor soccer players (12.20 kg ± 1.30). There was no significant difference in FFM, BMC/height and total BMD between sports, even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Volleyball athletes presented higher FM compared to flag football and indoor soccer athletes. There were no differences in FFM, BMC/height and BMD among the players of the different team sports. This study can help coaches and other sports professionals to prevent injuries to athletes in sports such as higher FM (volleyball), or to prevent diseases such as menstrual irregularities, which are common in athletes who may have low levels of body fat (indoor soccer players), this being one of the risk factors for the female athlete triad (eating disorders, menstrual irregularities and low BMD). Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study . RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación de la composición corporal en atletas del sexo femenino de diferentes modalidades deportivas es importante para la monitorización de la salud. Objetivos: Comparar la composición corporal de atletas universitarias, de diferentes modalidades colectivas (fútbol de salón, flag football y vóleibol). Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 45 atletas del sexo femenino, con edades entre 18 y 35 años (22,8 ± 3,55). Las variables dependientes fueron la masa grasa (MG) y masa magra (MM) medida por pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire. El contenido mineral óseo ajustado para estatura (CMO/estatura) y densidad mineral ósea (DMO) fueron medidos por absorciometría por doble emisión de rayos X. Las variables independientes fueron los deportes [flag football (n = 12); fútbol de salón (n = 20); vóleibol (n = 13)] y las covariables fueron edad (años completos), volumen de entrenamiento (minutos por semana) y tiempo de práctica (años completos). Fue utilizado el análisis de covariancia. Resultados: Al ajustar el modelo por las covariables, las atletas de vóleibol (19,27 kg ± 2,20) presentaron valores mayores de MG con relación a las de flag football (16,00 kg ± 1,70) y de fútbol de salón (12,20 kg ± 1,30). No hubo diferencia significativa en la MM, CMO/estatura y DMO total entre los deportes, incluso después del ajuste para las covariables. Conclusiones: Las atletas de vóleibol presentaron mayor MG en comparación con los atletas de flag football y fútbol de salón. No hubo diferencias en MM, CMO/estatura y DMO entre las jugadoras de diferentes modalidades colectivas. Este estudio puede ayudar a entrenadores y otros profesionales del deporte a prevenir lesiones en atletas con mayor MG (vóleibol) o prevenir enfermedades como irregularidades menstruales, comunes en atletas con bajos niveles de grasa corporal (fútbol de salón), que es uno de los factores de riesgo para el síndrome de la tríada de la atleta femenina (disturbios alimentarios, irregularidades menstruales y baja DMO). Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio retrospectivo comparativo . RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação da composição corporal em atletas do sexo feminino de diferentes modalidades esportivas é importante para o monitoramento da saúde. Objetivos: Comparar a composição corporal de atletas universitárias, de diferentes modalidades coletivas (futebol de salão, flag football e voleibol). Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 45 atletas do sexo feminino, com idades entre 18 e 35 anos (22,8 ± 3,55). As variáveis dependentes foram a massa gorda corporal (MG) e a massa magra (MM) medida por pletismografia por deslocamento de ar. O conteúdo mineral ósseo ajustado para estatura (CMO/estatura) e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foram medidos por absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X. As variáveis independentes foram os esportes [flag football (n = 12); futebol de salão (n = 20); voleibol (n = 13)] e as covariáveis foram idade (anos completos), volume de treinamento (minutos por semana) e tempo de prática (anos completos). A análise de covariância foi utilizada. Resultados: Ao ajustar o modelo pelas covariáveis, as atletas de voleibol (19,27 kg ± 2,20) apresentaram valores maiores de MG com relação às de flag football (16,00 kg ± 1,70) e de futebol de salão (12,20 kg ± 1,30). Não houve diferença significativa na MM, CMO/estatura e DMO total entre os esportes, mesmo depois do ajuste para as covariáveis. Conclusões: As atletas de voleibol apresentaram maior MG em comparação com as atletas de flag football e futebol de salão. Não houve diferenças em MM, CMO/estatura e DMO entre os jogadoras de diferentes modalidades coletivas. Este estudo pode ajudar treinadores e outros profissionais do esporte a prevenir lesões em atletas com maior MG (voleibol) ou prevenir doenças como irregularidades menstruais, comuns em atletas com baixos níveis de gordura corporal (futebol de salão), que é um dos fatores de risco para a síndrome da tríade da atleta feminina (distúrbios alimentares, irregularidades menstruais e baixa DMO). Nível de evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo .

The present article raises the question of the development of special endurance in girl sprinters. For the purpose of more detailed examination of the question raised, the object, the subject and the aim of the study are clarified in the article. Practical guidelines are also present in the article.

Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements at both maximum depth and at resurfacing prior to breathing have not previously been measured during free dives conducted to extreme depth in cold open-water conditions. An elite free diver was instrumented with a left radial arterial cannula connected to two sampling syringes through a low-volume splitting device. He performed two open-water dives to a depth of 60 m (197′, 7 atmospheres absolute pressure) in the constant weight with fins competition format. ABG samples were drawn at 60 m (by a mixed-gas scuba diver) and again on resurfacing before breathing. An immersed surface static apnea, of identical length to the dives and with ABG sampling at identical times, was also performed. Both dives lasted approximately 2 min. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen ([Formula: see text]) increased during descent from an indicative baseline of 15.8 kPa (after hyperventilation and glossopharyngeal insufflation) to 42.8 and 33.3 kPa (dives 1 and 2) and decreased precipitously (to 8.2 and 8.6 kPa) during ascent. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) also increased from a low indicative baseline of 2.8 kPa to 6.3 and 5.1 kPa on dives 1 and 2; an increase not explained by metabolic production of CO(2) alone since [Formula: see text] actually decreased during ascent (to 5.2 and 4.5 kPa). Surface static apnea caused a steady decrease in [Formula: see text] and increase in [Formula: see text] without the inflections provoked by depth changes. Lung compression and expansion provoke significant changes in both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] during rapid descent and ascent on a deep free dive. These changes generally support predictive hypotheses and previous findings in less extreme settings. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Arterial blood gas measurements at both maximum depth and the surface before breathing on the same dive have not previously been obtained during deep breath-hold dives in cold open-water conditions and competition dive format. Such measurements were obtained in two dives to 60 m (197′) of 2 min duration. Changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide (an increase during descent, and a decrease during ascent) support previous observations in less extreme dives and environments.

Мета: визначити ефективність використання комплексу вправ швидкісно-силової спрямованості методом ко-лового тренування у тренувальному процесі 15-16 річних баскетболістів. Матеріал і методи: у дослідженні брали участь дві групи баскетболістів БК «Джуніор» м. Харкова у віці 15-16 років у загальній кількості 20 спортсменів (контрольна група, n=10, експериментальна група, n=10). Педагогічний експеримент тривав 2 місяці та полягав у впровадженні в навчально-тренувальний процес експериментальної групи спеціально підібраних вправ, які використовувалися за допомогою методу колового тренування. Комплекс вправ включав біг зиґзаґом навколо стойок, стрибки через набивні м’ячі, стрибки угору із добиванням м’яча у щит, вистрибування із присіду, стрибки через бар’єри, метання набивного м’яча стоячи, стрибки через тумби різної висоти, прискорення. Запропонований комплекс вправ застосовувався на кожному тренувальному занятті на по-чатку основної частині. У контрольній і експериментальній групі проводилося 4 тренувальних заняття на тиждень тривалістю 135 хвилин. Результати: у ході введення у навчально-тренувальний процес експериментальної групи баскетболістів 15-16 років спеціально підібраних вправ, спрямованих на розвиток швидкісно-силових здібностей, із використанням ме-тоду колового тренування, було виявлено достовірне покращення показників тестових вправ: стрибок у довжину з місця (t=2,13; р0,05). Висновки: покращення прояву показників швидкісно-силових здібностей баскетболістів 15-16 років експери-ментальної групи після впровадження спеціально підібраних вправ із використанням методу колового тренування становило: у тесті «стрибок у довжину з місця» – 2,73%, «стрибок у висоту з місця» – 5,54%, «стрибок у висоту з розгону» – 6,32%, «метання набивного м’яча вагою 1 кг стоячи» – 7,62%. Ключові слова: баскетболісти, швидкісно-силові якості, метод колового тренування.

Matsuo, H, Funasaki, K, and Yamada, S. The applicability of the risk score approach to competitive sport: development of a physical success score for the Canadian football league combine. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 695-701, 2022-In the scouting combine of the Canadian Football League (CFL), players are measured for 6 athletic abilities, including 2 measurements of body size. For coaches and their players who desire to play in the CFL, knowing the players metrics that are important for being drafted and their levels will help coaches plan and evaluate their training. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a simple scoring system using the predictors of CFL Combines identified by multivariate analysis and their regression coefficients, and reference values. In this study, authors created a scoring system to classify draft success and failure of CFL Combines based on the measurement results. This scoring system was named as the physical success score (PSS). To do so, a repeated grid-search cross-validation for variable selection algorithm was performed on the players (line: n = 211, big skill linebacker, running back and tight end: n = 177, skill [defensive back and wide receiver]: n = 231) who participated in the CFL Combines between 2011 and 2019. The final binary logistic regression models and the reference values were used to generate the PSS for each group. As a result, PSS of the line, big skill, and skill were developed. In each group, all possible total scores and the estimated draft success probability were shown. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the PSS approach can provide useful information for coaches in setting training goals.

The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of giving High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Oregon Circuit Training on cardiorespiratory endurance abilities. This study used an experimental method with a two group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of 20 people, the sample was determined by the total sampling method so that a sample of 20 people was obtained, the sample was then divided into two groups, the HIIT group (10 people) and the Oregon Circuit Training (10 people). The instrument used was the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). Data analysis using Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. The results showed that there was an effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on the increase in VO2 Max (ρ value = 0.001), there was an effect of Oregon Circuit Training on the increase in VO2 Max (ρ value = 0.002) and, there was no significant effect comparison between High Intensity. Interval Training (HIIT) and Oregon Circuit Training (ρ value = 0.759), the conclusion is that the increase in cardiorespiratory endurance ability is influenced by the provision of both types of exercise but there is no significant comparison of the effects between the two, as well as the High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) training method. ) showed more effective results (39, 69%). From these results, the HIIT training method or Oregon Circuit Training can be an alternative exercise to increase VO2 Max and can be used for further research with different variables.

O artigo trata de apresentar uma revisão literária sistemática, cujo objetivo central consistiu em mapear artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais, dedicados ao entendimento do Frisbee, no interstício temporal de 2009 a 2019. A pesquisa se assentou numa perspectiva qualiquantitativa. Para formular as categorias de análises, empregamos os pressupostos da homogeneidade interna, heterogeneidade externa, inclusividade e plausividade, somado ao princípio de análise inferencial, de maneira a possibilitar tanto à elaboração das categorias de análise quanto subsidiar ilações relativas às produções mapeadas. Após o emprego de todo o delineamento metodológico, constatou-se o total de 52 revistas, considerando todas as estratificações na subárea da Educação Física, com efeito, constatou-se três artigos atinentes ao Ultimate Frisbee. Os mesmos foram analisados no interior de três categorias analíticas, quais sejam: Participação; Sistematização Pedagógica e Gênero. Em linhas gerais, o que fica patente a luz de nossa investigação é a tendência de aumento no somatório das produções, a julgar o decênio cotejado, muito embora tenha havido uma quantidade equitativa nos últimos três anos.

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya Vo2Max dikarenakan kurangnya daya tahan aerobik dan salah satu latihan untuk daya tahan aerobik untuk meningkatkan Vo2Max itu ialah circuit training. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah latihan circuit training, dan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah peningktan Vo2Max. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana pengaruh latihan circuit training terhadap peningktan Vo2Max pemain bolabasket SMA Negeri 14 Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pemain bolabasket SMA Negeri 14 Kota Padang yang aktif mengikuti kegiatan latihan pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 58 orang, Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, jadi jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 14 orang pemain putra kelas XI SMA Negeri 14 Kota Padang. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peningkatan Vo2Max pemain bolabasket SMA Negeri 14 Kota Padang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2020, Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengujian hipotesis dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari metode latihan circuit training terhadap peningktan Vo2Max pemain bolabasket SMA Negeri 14 Kota Padang, ini dibuktikan dengan nilai thitung 10,39 sedangkan ttabel sebesar 1,77 dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05.

Paragliding is one of the extreme sports categories. Several factors that can affect paragliding athletes' achievements include physical fitness, ability to read wind direction, nutritional needs, and fluid needs. The methods used in this training are mentoring, creating special exercise programs, measuring and calculating nutritional status, and calculating the hydration status of athletes. Indicators of training success are measured using questionnaires given to athletes in the time before and after training. The results include: increased knowledge of special exercise programs, calculating and measuring nutritional status, and calculating the hydration status of paragliding athletes.

Brewer, CB, Booher, BM, and Lawton, N. Comparison of acute energy expenditure and rating of perceived exertion in equivalent bouts of circuit training and treadmill running. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 680-687, 2021-Circuit weight training (CT) maximizes exercise density, which may lead to an inaccurate perception of energy expenditure (EE). The purpose of this study was to compare acute EE indices and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between CT and an equivalent bout of treadmill running (TR). College-aged men (n = 9) who regularly engaged in running and resistance training performed CT first. Circuit weight training that consisted of 10 resistance stations (40% of 1 repetition maximum, 15 repetitions, 60 b·min-1) was performed for 20 minutes. Heart rate (HR) and EE (Cosmed K4b2) were monitored continuously, and RPE was assessed consistently. A 20-min TR session was performed at the average HR maintained during CT. Dependent t-tests were used to assess differences in RPE, total EE (TEE, kcal), rate of EE (REE, kcal·min-1), and relative REE (RREE, kcal·kg-1·min-1) between CT and TR. Pearson's correlation was used to examine relationships between RPE and EE indices. Total EE was lower during CT (168.19 ± 16.42) than TR (244.20 ± 44.80); REE was lower during CT (8.49 ± 0.90) than TR (12.21 ± 2.24); and RREE was lower during CT (0.10 ± 0.02) than TR (0.15 ± 0.02) (all p0.001). Circuit weight training RPE (6.0 ± 1.1) was greater than TR (4.1 ± 0.6) (p0.001). There was no association between RPE and EE indices (p0.05). The average HR elicited by CT was 61% HR reserve. At equivalent HRs and duration, CT resulted in a significantly higher RPE but lower EE. It is imperative for subjects engaged in CT to understand that although CT results in HR values within an aerobic training zone and feels more strenuous, it is not associated with greater acute EE.

This cultural-interpretive essay offers critical commentary on Koreanness, racial ideology, hegemonic racial power, and racialized cultural taste with the aim of interpreting the sport–music nexus by examining a case of the interface between music and sport: The authors focus on the case of the Olympic ice dance that the South Korean team performed for the Korean traditional folk song Arirang at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. The authors argue that music and sport can be understood as a semiological system that shapes non-Whites’ ideological belief system. In addition, this essay engages with a discussion of cultural classification that often racializes skaters of color as the aforementioned are informed by Orientalism.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes which can lead to impaired postural control. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12-week resistance training on balance, risk of falling and distribution of foot pressure in diabetic women with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 30 women with type 2 diabetes and diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy were randomly assigned into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group underwent a circuit resistance training program with 50 of one-maximum repetition, 3 -sessions per week over 12 weeks. Before and following the experimental period static and dynamic balance, posture control and risk of falling were assessed. Results: Static and dynamic balance indices improved following the exercise intervention (P=0.0001). Moreover, risk of falling index decreased in the experimental group compared to control condition (P=0.0001). However, foot pressure distribution was unchanged following exercise intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion: Circuit training improved balance and risk of falling in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, they are suggested to include circuit training as a safe non-pharmacological intervention to improve balance and walking and to prevent falling.