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Background. Improving the work on psychological prevention of stagnation in professional and personal development of employees (military personnel) as well as counteracting the spread of negative information and psychological effects provide for professional efficiency and reliability of the personnel of law enforcement agencies. Objectives. The article is aimed at studying the issues of negative information and psychological impact as determinants of stagnation in professional and personal development of representatives of law enforcement agencies. Study Participants. The study was conducted on a sample of 163 people (62 police officers, 87 military personnel, 14 employees of the penal enforcement system). The participants are men who have been in office for more than 3 years and are experiencing negative information and psychological effects; the average age is 32.4 years. Methods. Questionnaire for studying the impact of negative information and psychological effects on the personnel of law enforcement agencies; questionnaires for assessing the stagnation of professional and personal development and assessing the information stress tolerance by V.E. Petrov's employees were applied. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, evaluation of differences using the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis by Ch. Spearman were used for statistical processing of the empirical data. Results. With intense negative information and psychological impact, representatives of law enforcement agencies expressed: a subjective feeling of stagnation, loss of motivation for self-realization, awareness of stagnation in development. Such characteristics of personality and behaviour as information intelligibility, moderate information activity and sensitivity to stress, stress regulation of behaviour act as protectors from stagnation under the influence of negative information and psychological effects. Conclusions. The study found that representatives of law enforcement agencies integrate negative intensive informational and psychological impact into the overall assessment of the level of psychological stress in the service. The etiology and generalization of information stress and stagnation of professional and personal development among police officers, the penal enforcement system officers, and military personnel are largely similar. Countering negative information and psychological effects and overcoming stagnation phenomena in professional and personal development can serve as the basis for a system of prevention of deviant behaviours in the personnel of law enforcement agencies.

Korea has been struggling with its faltering growth over recent years. Sorting out the key elements that have gone into this slowdown and what it takes to sustain growth into the future is important. We address the nature of growth deceleration, structural factors, and future growth scenarios and present the evidence that structural rigidities and poor-quality institutions are important factors behind Korea's very low productivity and hold a key to reviving growth. Reforms can put Korea back on a higher growth path. However, in the absence of reforms or global growth recovery, there is a great risk of long-term stagnation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is dependably an extraordinary requirement for new types of algorithms in the population-based improvement algorithm. These algorithms improve the execution of the current algorithm. Parameter change approach assumes an essential job in improving the execution of the PSO algorithm. A new algorithm called particle acceleration-based particle swarm optimization (PA-PSO) has been proposed. In this algorithm a particle acceleration parameter is tuned. This algorithm significantly improves the performance of the PSO-time varying acceleration coefficients (PSO-TVAC) algorithm. This algorithm reduces the time varying weight of inertia and the nonlinear acceleration coefficients in the equation of the PSO-TVAC velocity vector in each iteration. Particle movements in the n-dimensional search space are governed by the kinetics of the second motion equation. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed PA-PSO algorithm outperforms the existing PSO-TVAC algorithm on five well-known reference test functions. The algorithm possesses adequate control over the local as well as global optimums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential evolution is capable of searching for the optimum for different types of optimization problems with a few inputs, which has gained worldwide popularity. In this paper, we propose a parameters adaptation scheme based on the stagnation ratio (PASR), which regards the stagnation ratio (STR) as the indicator for adjusting the control parameters and greediness parameter. To be specific, when the STR is larger than the predefined threshold, exploration is advocated. In this circumstance, larger control parameters and a greediness parameter are adopted. However, when the STR is smaller than the predefined threshold, exploitation is preferred. In this case, smaller control parameters and a greediness parameter are utilized. Further, when the stagnation lasts for a long period, a generation-based selection (GBS) scheme is developed to help it escape from the local optimum and stagnation. Comparative experiments have been implemented on the CEC2017 to testify the effectiveness of adaptive differential evolution with the stagnation termination mechanism (STMDE) and its components. The competitiveness of the STMDE is also verified via comparing it to top-performing DE variants in the practical optimization problem selected from the CEC2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature films about family life are powerful cultural artifacts that shape the upbringing of youth by modelling behaviour, reinforcing values, and addressing moral and ethical dilemmas. They provide young people with tools to navigate their own family relationships, foster empathy, and influence their aspirations for future family life. By portraying a range of family experiences, films help youth understand the complexity of relationships and the importance of communication, compassion, and responsibility in a family setting. Hence, studying feature films about family life in the context of film studies and media education plays a significant role in the upbringing of youth by shaping their understanding of family relationships. Our content analysis of Soviet feature films about family and family education during the period of "stagnation" showed that they reflected the desire of the Soviet government to maintain stability and order through the propaganda of the ideals of a strong and stable family. However, despite the official positive narratives, the films increasingly raised issues of the crisis of family relations, the conflict of generations and moral dilemmas, which spoke of the real problems of society. The worldview of the film characters of the "stagnation" period is characterized by a combination of conformism, the desire for stability and an internal search for the meaning of life against the background of general social stagnation. The characters are torn between traditional family values and a feeling of internal dissatisfaction, which creates tension and forces them to solve personal and moral dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Biofilms are known to be critical for Legionella settlement in engineered water systems and are often associated with Legionnaire’s Disease events. One of the key features of biofilms is their heterogeneous three-dimensional structure which supports the establishment of microbial interactions and confers protection to microorganisms. This work addresses the impact of Legionella pneumophila colonization of a Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm, as information about the interactions between Legionella and biofilm structures is scarce. It combines a set of meso- and microscale biofilm analyses (Optical Coherence Tomography, Episcopic Differential Interference Contrast coupled with Epifluorescence Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) with PNA-FISH labelled L. pneumophila to tackle the following questions: (a) does the biofilm structure change upon L. pneumophila biofilm colonization?; (b) what happens to L. pneumophila within the biofilm over time and (c) where is L. pneumophila preferentially located within the biofilm? Results showed that P. fluorescens structure did not significantly change upon L. pneumophila colonization, indicating the competitive advantage of the first colonizer. Imaging of PNA-labelled L. pneumophila showed that compared to standard culture recovery it colonized to a greater extent the 3-day-old P. fluorescens biofilms, presumably entering in VBNC state by the end of the experiment. L. pneumophila was mostly located in the bottom regions of the biofilm, which is consistent with the physiological requirements of both bacteria and confers enhanced Legionella protection against external aggressions. The present study provides an expedited methodological approach to address specific systematic laboratory studies concerning the interactions between L. pneumophila and biofilm structure that can provide, in the future, insights for public health Legionella management of water systems.

Biofilms are known to be critical for Legionella settlement in engineered water systems and are often associated with Legionnaire's Disease events. One of the key features of biofilms is their heterogeneous three-dimensional structure which supports the establishment of microbial interactions and confers protection to microorganisms. This work addresses the impact of Legionella pneumophila colonization of a Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm, as information about the interactions between Legionella and biofilm structures is scarce. It combines a set of meso- and microscale biofilm analyses (Optical Coherence Tomography, Episcopic Differential Interference Contrast coupled with Epifluorescence Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) with PNA-FISH labelled L. pneumophila to tackle the following questions: (a) does the biofilm structure change upon L. pneumophila biofilm colonization?; (b) what happens to L. pneumophila within the biofilm over time and (c) where is L. pneumophila preferentially located within the biofilm? Results showed that P. fluorescens structure did not significantly change upon L. pneumophila colonization, indicating the competitive advantage of the first colonizer. Imaging of PNA-labelled L. pneumophila showed that compared to standard culture recovery it colonized to a greater extent the 3-day-old P. fluorescens biofilms, presumably entering in VBNC state by the end of the experiment. L. pneumophila was mostly located in the bottom regions of the biofilm, which is consistent with the physiological requirements of both bacteria and confers enhanced Legionella protection against external aggressions. The present study provides an expedited methodological approach to address specific systematic laboratory studies concerning the interactions between L. pneumophila and biofilm structure that can provide, in the future, insights for public health Legionella management of water systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the occasion of the centennial of his mentor Alvin Hansen, Paul Samuelson published in 1988 a modified version of his seminal 1939 multiplier-accelerator model to address aspects of Hansen's secular stagnation hypothesis. The "Keynes-Hansen-Samuelson" model (or KHS, as he called it) was built to analyse the effects of population growth on the economy's trajectory. Several changes were then made. Instead of difference equations and a tight accelerator, as in his 1939 model, Samuelson deployed differential equations and a flexible accelerator to produce a nonlinear limit cycle. Despite Samuelson's strong claims for the analytical contributions of his 1988 paper, it has – in contrast with the 1939 model – received only scant attention by macroeconomists and historians of economics alike. Samuelson's 1988 paper was his last published macroeconomic model, based on his long-established tradition of non-optimising macro-dynamics. Our paper provides a close reading of that article and some analytical results that shed new light on the formal aspects of Samuelson's 1988 model. We also discuss how it historically links up with business cycle models advanced by John Hicks, Nicholas Kaldor, Roy Harrod and Richard Goodwin and examine how far Samuelson's use of the term secular stagnation differs from Larry Summers's recent reconstruction of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Актуальность исследования педагогического консерватизма обусловлена системными преобразованиями профессиональной деятельности преподавателя вуза, требующих совершенствования акмеологических характеристик субъекта педагогической деятельности как условия преодоления деструктивных явлений. Цель исследования – выявить факторы, способствующие возникновению педагогического консерватизма. В исследовании приняли участие 1754 респондентов вузов России (женщин – 70% мужчины – 30%; педагогический стаж от 10 до 40 лет). В качестве диагностического инструментария использовался опросник «Оценка педагогического консерватизма» И.Б. Авакян. Установлена согласованность данных выборки с законом нормального распределения с помощью одновыборочного критерия λ-Колмогорова-Смирнова. Обнаружена мера величины различий показателей (пол, возраст, стаж) для уровней педагогического консерватизма с помощью стандартизированного размера эффекта d-Коэна. Обнаружены факторы, способствующие возникновению педагогического консерватизма с помощью метода главных компонент в факторном анализе (вращения varimax). Выявлена корреляционная связь между показателями педагогического консерватизма на основе непараметрического критерия ранговой корреляции rs – Спирмена. Установлена линейная связь между показателями и уровнем педагогического консерватизма с помощью линейной регрессии. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть полезны для разработки программы преодоления негативных состояний в условиях инновационных изменений.

The book analyses the main factors of European integration crises, taking into account eight major cases from the early 1950s to recent times. The author pays special attention to constitutional crises, the euro crisis and the migration crisis, thus showing that crises have been an integral part of the process of European integration from its very beginning. Although the book does not analyse the current confrontation between Russia and the West, the author argues that European integration began with a serious setback, when member states failed to implement plans to create a European army through the European Defence Community. The global scale and radicality of the ongoing changes allow many researchers to suggest the formation of a new system of international relations. In parallel with these processes, many provisions and phenomena characterizing the system of international relations itself are being revised.

The study examines the original work An Attempt to Get Lenin Back on His Feet (Berlin, 1974) by Rudi Dutschke, the well-known German political philosopher and leader of the youth movement in 1968, as well as the influence of the famous Hungarian philosopher György Lukács on the ideas of Dutschke. Dutschke revealed the reasons for the impossibility of socialist ideals being feasible in the 20th century, despite the heroic attempts of the Bolsheviks and Western radical socialists to realize them. The revolution occurred in a country of semi-Asian stagnating capitalism and was not supported by the European anti-capitalist revolution. As a result, after the victory of the Bolsheviks in Russia, the social system was revived with the dominance of the state bureaucracy (the fused party-state apparatus) over society. There were no universal forms of social movement (Verkehr), which led to the fact that socialism became local, up to the danger of its abolition. At the same time, according to Dutschke, it is precisely an equal alliance between the progressive intelligentsia and the working masses that can open up new ways for the transition from a society of necessity to a society of freedom, provided that the intelligentsia renounces leaderism (which was the mistake the Bolsheviks fell into). Therefore, the figure of György Lukács is most important for Dutschke since studying his creative path makes it possible to realize the basic principles of such an equal union. The study shows that the creative path of Lukács before he entered the Comintern as one of the leaders of the section of the Hungarian Communists is characterized by the desire to find a way to solve the fundamental dilemma of the revolutionary, as he believed: either, like the Bolsheviks, strive for an uncompromising victory and the implementation of their program at the cost of violence; or to make compromises with the social democratic and even bourgeois parties, at the same time being in danger of defeat and the impossibility of implementing their ideas, primarily because the socialist intellectuals fail to establish strong ties with the working masses, and the latter may not be thoroughly imbued with anti-capitalist consciousness. Thus, Lukács can survey a spokesperson for the views of the intelligentsia, and through the criticism of these views, it will be possible to comprehend how educated people can better understand the actual needs and interests of the working people in order to pursue policies that would be more in line with them and learn how to lead the masses indeed.

In a treatment of the linear stability problem of flow near a plane stagnation point, Brattkus and Davis introduced what they called "generalized Görtler disturbances," which they recognized as being self-similar. In this work, by the introduction of Mellin transforms, these solutions within restrictions are shown to form the elements of an integral representation. Also, derived are suitable constraints on the secondary vorticity, i.e., the x-component, which buttresses the analyses of earlier authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We analyze the convergence of quasi‐Newton methods in exact and finite precision arithmetic using three different techniques. We derive an upper bound for the stagnation level and we show that any sufficiently exact quasi‐Newton method will converge quadratically until stagnation. In the absence of sufficient accuracy, we are likely to retain rapid linear convergence. We confirm our analysis by computing square roots and solving bond constraint equations in the context of molecular dynamics. In particular, we apply both a symmetric variant and Forsgren's variant of the simplified Newton method. This work has implications for the implementation of quasi‐Newton methods regardless of the scale of the calculation or the machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book analyses the main factors of European integration crises, taking into account eight major cases from the early 1950s to recent times. The author pays special attention to constitutional crises, the euro crisis and the migration crisis, thus showing that crises have been an integral part of the process of European integration from its very beginning. Although the book does not analyse the current confrontation between Russia and the West, the author argues that European integration began with a serious setback, when member states failed to implement plans to create a European army through the European Defence Community. The global scale and radicality of the ongoing changes allow many researchers to suggest the formation of a new system of international relations. In parallel with these processes, many provisions and phenomena characterizing the system of international relations itself are being revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the core pathogenesis of yin-yang poisoning recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and clarifies the characteristics of "yin poisoning" and "yang poisoning" as considered during the Han and Tang dynasties. It is found that the classification criteria for the two are based on the manifestation of syndromes rather than the cold and heat of the pathogenesis. By analyzing the syndrome of yin-yang poisoning in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and combining the records with people's understanding of the efficacy of various medicinals in Shengma Biejia Decoction during the Han and Tang dynasties, it is demonstrated that the core pathogenesis is stagnation, mainly reflected in three aspects: accumulation of toxins, stagnation of qi and blood, and stagnation of yang qi. Among these, the degree and location of stagnation of yang qi are the reasons for the difference between yin poisoning and yang poisoning. The disease of yang poisoning is characterized by sufficient yang qi in the body, obstruction of pathogenic factors on the surface, and intense competition between vital qi and evil qi. Therefore, yang stagnation on the surface is more severe and leads to heat symptoms. The disease of yin poisoning is characterized by deficient yang qi in the body, an inability to resist pathogen, and the deepening of evil qi. The yang qi is suppressed by depression and is relatively mild, making it unable to circulate and warm the body, resulting in cold symptoms. Therefore, when treating yang poisoning, ZHANG Zhongjing used medicinals that were pungent, warm and dispersed to relieve the yang depression on the surface. If the yang depression was dispersed, the heat would naturally dissipate. When treating yin poisoning, only internal medicine is used to relieve internal yang qi stagnation, and when yang qi is extended, cold will naturally disappear. In summary, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the efficacy of Shengma Biejia Decoction from the perspectives of promoting the dispersion of toxins, promoting blood circulation, and promoting yang stagnation, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical use of this formula and expand its application scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate blood flow stagnation in an enlarged left atrium (LA) and prove that left atrial plication (LAP) could alleviate the stagnation. Methods: Five patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent mitral valve surgery followed by LAP for an enlarged LA with a ≥ 60-mm diameter were included. We performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography and four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, computer graphics were used to create virtual left atrial appendage resection (LAAR) images. We performed CFD analysis to assess blood flow stagnation in the LA for three groups: preoperative, LAAR, and LAP. Results: When the average and constant stagnation volumes were both set to 100 preoperatively, the average stagnation volumes of the LAAR and LAP groups were 67.42 ± 18.64 and 35.88 ± 8.20, respectively. The constant stagnation volumes of these groups reduced to 45.01 ± 7.43 and 21.14 ± 7.70, respectively. The LAP group also had significantly lower average and constant stagnation volumes than those in the LAAR group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusions: Blood flow stagnation was noted in the LAA and enlarged LA. CFD analysis revealed that LAP for the enlarged LA improved blood flow stagnation more than the virtual LAAR alone. Clinical trial registry number: UMIN000049923. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period from the 1960s to the 1980s under Brezhnev is stamped in history, both Soviet and Uzbek, as “stagnation.” Particularly for Uzbekistan, this period is known for such stigmatized events as the “cotton” or “Uzbek” scandal – the investigation into Uzbek First Party Secretary Sharaf Rashidov (1917-1983) for misrepresenting cotton harvest results during his twenty-four-year tenure – and the Afghan war (1979-1989). The experience of striving to save the nation from the aggressive system and stereotypes of society, from the "values" of slavery and subordination, is reflected in some examples of 20th-century Uzbek literature. The most prominent figures in XX Century’s Uzbek literary history, Said Ahmad (1920-2007) in his novel Silence (Jimjitlik, 1988) and O‘tkir Hoshimov (1941-2013) in Lives Passed in Dream (Tushda kechgan umrlar, 1992) fell apart from the literature written as the Soviet Union describes the events of this period through a prism of moral monikers. Their understanding of their place in the world has always been through their connection to the nation. Social anxiety for them is inextricably linked to artistic anxiety and vice versa. Writers took it upon themselves to unmask the sins associated with this period, such as “two-facedness” (qiyofasizlik), bribery, fraud, cruelty, and bloodthirstiness (in reference to the Afghan war). The novels focusing on the “stagnation” period played an important role in transforming these moral criticisms of Soviet rule into criticisms of Soviet rule as colonial exploitation and serve as an attempt to unmask the horrors and misdeeds behind Soviet officialdom that have long gone unnoticed. In this paper, I will examine some of those moral constructions and how they framed the period in the minds of post-Soviet Uzbeks. The literary interpretations of the problems in stagnation will be analyzed in the historical, cultural, political and literary context. I hope this paper contributes to the research carried out on Central Asian studies, including Uzbek Literature Literary history, which is known very little worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not an overstatement to say that the level of development witnessed in the world today: especially in developing countries is a product of research. In fact, the author is of the opinion that research is "synonymous' to development as it leads to advancement in all facets of life such as education, health, governance, agriculture, infrastructure, building, commerce and industry, transportation, banking and finance, information technology, engineering, security to mention but a few. This paper takes a look at the role of research in development. It is aimed at promoting research in developing countries of the world. A philosophical approach is adopted while gathering data from a pool of literature, personal observation of major trends in Nigeria. The paper examines the level of development in key area of life; as well as highlighting those challenges facing research development using Nigeria as a reference point. Recommendations are made in the paper that could promote research development in young countries of the world. The paper concludes that without thorough research activities, stagnation in national development and human existence is endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the ways in which firms recover from stagnation or sales decline, with a focus on two key aspects: traditional high-growth companies and growth restarts within the framework of organizational life cycle theory. Analyzing a dataset of 1883 Russian firms from 2013 to 2021, this research employs logistic regression to identify factors that promote growth. These factors include the youth of the firm, investment intensity, and significant sales drops during periods of stagnation. The study introduces a new economic category, termed 'restarting growth', which signifies a firm's sustained expansion following an extended period of stagnation. This category is crucial for identifying factors that increase the likelihood of a company transitioning to growth after prolonged stagnation or production downturn. The findings of this study reveal that firms that are younger, invest more intensively in fixed capital, and have experienced a larger sales drop during a period of stagnation are more likely to transition to growth. These results are juxtaposed with the growth factors characteristic of traditional high-growth companies, as well as with the theoretical approaches explaining growth restarts within the framework of organizational life cycle theory. Such distinctions are pivotal both for academic understanding and practical applications in discerning how companies rebound from crises. Moreover, the research identifies several highly significant factors—indicators that can assist investors in selecting promising firms for financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine the recent rise and fall of productivity in Argentina through a subsystems approach. Specifically, indicators based on hyper vertically integrated (HVI) sectors for Argentina are developed using OECD Input-Output Tables. The analysis spans the period 2004-2019, harmonizing activities across 36 sectors. The results confirm, on the one hand, that productivity growth in the 2004-2011 period was due to improved macroeconomic conditions. On the other hand, they show a declining trend in productivity from 2010 onwards, highlighting the significance of a concentrated pattern of technical change and evidence of disinvestment in direct and indirect labour, and, to a lesser extent, demand composition, attributable to the growing importance of services.

Abstract Objective Collaboration among medical facilities is crucial to deliver comprehensive epilepsy care to a diverse and large population of people with epilepsy. We conducted a survey among medical facilities of various sizes throughout Japan to investigate the status of epilepsy care delivery, functioning, and referral. Methods With the cooperation of the Japan Neurological Society (1428 facilities), Japanese Neurosurgical Society (3489 specialists), and Epilepsy Care Network (948 facilities), a questionnaire was mailed to 5865 locations that provide epilepsy care in Japan. The facilities were classified into clinics (19 beds or less), small hospitals (SH, 20–199 beds), large hospitals (LH, 200 beds or more), and epilepsy centers (EC). The status of epilepsy care delivery, functioning, and referral was compared among the four groups. Results Responses were received from 1014 facilities (17.3% response rate). After excluding duplicate responses, 957 facilities were analyzed (394 clinics, 149 SH, 388 LH, 26 EC). EC responded “manageable” in more items of epilepsy care functions in general, especially those related to epilepsy surgery, compared to LH with similar facility size. However, EC responded being less manageable in psychiatric service (61.5%), dietary therapy (46.2%), rehabilitation (53.8%), and patient employment support (61.5%). The percentage of facilities that responded “always able to refer” was highest in clinics (67.6%) and the lowest in EC (40%). Referral difficulties were more commonly encountered in EC, and less common in clinics. In EC, the most common reason for inability to refer was patient or family refusal (64%). Significance We have clarified the epilepsy care delivery, functioning, and referral in facilities of various sizes in Japan. This study highlights the issues of downward referral and patient stagnation in EC, which have not received much attention. Plain Language Summary A nationwide survey of healthcare facilities ranging in size from small clinics to large hospitals in Japan examined medical care delivery and patient referrals related to epilepsy. Compared to other facilities, epilepsy centers provided a variety of medical services to people with epilepsy but were inadequate in addressing psychiatric symptoms, providing dietary therapy, rehabilitation, and patient employment support. Referrals from epilepsy centers to other medical facilities were often refused by patients and their families. This results in patient crowding at epilepsy centers

The publication of «Selected Records from 1965 to 1989» has exposed the reader to poetry of Vladimir Bibikhin’s poetry as a key to understanding the patterns of culture. In these rec­ords, Bibikhin discussed the formation of the canons of national poetry and its peculiarities. In his poetry, Bibikhin emulated the poetic style and essence of Russian poetry, surrounded by the aura of myth and replacing moralistic content with existential themes. These poems delved into the ethical-metaphysical question of how presence in existence is possible without arro­gance or violation of the rights of others. Bibikhin reflected on the relationship between poetry and prose during the formation of national literatures. He insists on the non-conditionality of the distribution of forms of poetry and poetic expression, political construction as a source of the national language, and the role of bodily movements, such as walking, running, and swimming. The exploration of these movements, discovered during the implementation of a cultural and missionary national programme, gives rise to both stable forms of verse and new genre-thematic complexes. The Records demonstrate how poetry allowed the poet to unveil the underside of the myth of the poet, revealing the role of conceptualizations in the development of creative individuality and the associated rhythm. A comprehensive examination of Bibikhin's expertise in verse and his poetry addresses several related questions: how late Sovi­et independent philosophy initially interpreted cultural creativity, not predetermined but aimed at the formation of universal social organization; how hermeneutic efforts were directed towards metacritique of social rituals; and how composing verses helped explain the regulari­ties of text interpretation in different periods, thus elucidating the specificity of pivotal epochs in culture as eras of problematizing this interpretation.

This article describes the economic and socio-cultural transformations experienced in recent decades by the communities of three villages, Bartężek, Tarda and Winiec, located in the western part of the Warmia-Mazury province. The immediate cause of these changes was the political and economic transformations that took place in Poland after 1989. However, the aftermath of the specific, and often predominantly negative, effects of these transformations are seen in the contemporary history of the region and its inhabitants; in particular, the challenge faced by the newly forming Polish state to domesticate, incorporate and unite – both administratively and economically, as well as (most importantly!) symbolically and culturally – the areas of the so-called Recovered Territories with the rest of the country. The great experiment, which was the formation of a new and modern society (in intention) of the Northern and Western Territories, was not successful everywhere. The localities and their inhabitants featured in the work are examples of this. Objective factors, mostly unemployment and transportation exclusion, which afflicted and partly continue to afflict the residents since the early 1990s, overlapped with the lack of sufficiently strong social and cultural ties binding the group together and with the inhabited space. The result of this process was a rapid exodus (if not flight) of primarily young people in search of income and a new place to live. This exodus determined the social and cultural condition of the described villages today, and perhaps many similar ones in the region. The article, using ethnographic detail, reveals the backstage of the economic and social collapse of the villages mentioned and the communities that comprise them, and points to the socio-cultural and symbolic causes of this process.

The globe is shaken by the abrupt emergence of the deadly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The global education system has been put to the test by this circumstance, which compelled educators to quickly adopt Information & Communication Technology (ICT) tools and technologies to support instruction. Although, great attempts are made by scholars to study the implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the higher education curricular, there is dearth of previous studies regarding the impact of Information & Communication Technology tools and technological applications to foster learning amid Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. This exploratory study therefore uses a meta-synthesis approach and visited relevant literatures as lens to primarily examine the need to use Information & Communication Technology tools and technology applications to enhance learning in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 age. The research also shed some insight on the difficulties involved with employing Information & Communication Technology tools and technical applications to aid learning in times of pandemic and catastrophes, and it offers potential answers to educational institutions on how to handle these complications. The study’s findings suggest that Information & Communication Technology tools and technologies are the magic bullet for optimizing learning in times of disaster like the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. The study also shows that by overcoming some technical and financial obstacles like high cost of technology devices, electricity problems, lack of expertise, etc., the lessons learnt from the abrupt and compulsory adoption of Information & Communication Technology tools and technologies to lessen the negative effects of the disaster on learning amid Coronavirus Disease 2019 global emergency will help create new opportunities for the use of blended learning approaches to meet the needs of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 disruption and future learning deliveries.

The small, medium and micro enterprise sector is an economic engine for many countries. Realizing the potential of small, medium, and micro enterprises, the government of the Republic of South Africa has put a burden on itself to create 90% of jobs through small, medium, and micro enterprises through the implementation of the 2030 National Development Plan. Despite these initiatives, the failure rate of these enterprises in South Africa is still high and continues to increase. This research aims to investigate the challenges of small, medium and micro enterprises that operate in the formal economy, with the focus narrowed down to small, medium and micro enterprises that provide engineering services to engineering-intensive firms in the public and private sectors in South Africa. The target is a sample of member companies of Consulting Engineers South Africa, as well as random engineering service firms that render similar services. In general, engineering services’ small, medium and micro enterprises mainly depend on owners’ limited capital, which limits growth initiatives. Moreover, the absence of adequate resources, business facilities and specialised equipment puts small, medium and micro enterprises at a competitive disadvantage and, therefore, causes stagnation. Government’s initiatives are not well publicised and, therefore, small, medium and micro enterprises are not well informed to capitalise on such initiatives.

An unfavorable external environment requires an emphasis shift in economic researches of enterprise development from factors and mechanisms of growth to the analysis of stagnation processes and the search for mechanisms to enter the path of growth after stagnation. The purpose of this work is to study the intensity of the processes of stagnation and subsequent renewable growth of enterprises in the context of a wide range of sectors of the Russian economy. Signs of stagnation or drop in sales are revealed for 2013–2017, renewable growth – within 4 years after the stagnation period. The research methods are the calculation of economic coefficients and the identification of differences between them using methods of mathematical statistics. It was found that in an unfavorable external environment, significant proportion of Russian enterprises showed signs of stagnation or drop in sales. Certain advantages are shown by high-tech industries, in which the intensity of business stagnation was lower. The most acute period of the crisis was the period 2013–2016. In 2017, there was an adaptation of business to unfavorable environmental conditions, and the share of stagnating enterprises decreased significantly. Calculations showed that the share of enterprises demonstrating long-term renewable growth was at a low level. It reduces their attractiveness to private investors. The “age” factor can be recommended as a significant criterion for investors when choosing firms for financing: young enterprises are less susceptible to stagnation and more likely to enter the path of growth after stagnation.

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing, and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing attention. To investigate this, a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on water quality in four institutional buildings. Two of these buildings were old (>58 years) and large (>19,000 m2), while the other two were new (>13 years) and small (

The influence of the aviation and space industries on the development of the world economy and economic development, industrial potential, competitiveness and position of various countries in the world is shown in the article. Global aviation and space market has been studied and an economic analysis of the aviation and space sector of the industry of the countries that are among ten world leaders in the industry was carried out. The main indicators of the development of the aviation and space industry of world countries-leaders and Ukraine have been systematized. The volumes of income of the leading companies of the industry producers, between which there is fierce competition, have been given. International competitiveness has been analyzed and ways of recovery and development of the aviation and space sector of Ukraine were proposed, taking into consideration the significant losses and damages caused by full-scale military invasion of aggressive neighbor on the territory of Ukraine. Scenarios of competitive behavior were considered and a strategy for the restoration of one of the largest enterprises in the world and single one in the aviation and space industry in Ukraine that has completed the cycle of engine production – Joint Stock Company Motor Sich has been made.

Objective: Collaboration among medical facilities is crucial to deliver comprehensive epilepsy care to a diverse and large population of people with epilepsy. We conducted a survey among medical facilities of various sizes throughout Japan to investigate the status of epilepsy care delivery, functioning, and referral. Methods: With the cooperation of the Japan Neurological Society (1428 facilities), Japanese Neurosurgical Society (3489 specialists), and Epilepsy Care Network (948 facilities), a questionnaire was mailed to 5865 locations that provide epilepsy care in Japan. The facilities were classified into clinics (19 beds or less), small hospitals (SH, 20–199 beds), large hospitals (LH, 200 beds or more), and epilepsy centers (EC). The status of epilepsy care delivery, functioning, and referral was compared among the four groups. Results: Responses were received from 1014 facilities (17.3% response rate). After excluding duplicate responses, 957 facilities were analyzed (394 clinics, 149 SH, 388 LH, 26 EC). EC responded "manageable" in more items of epilepsy care functions in general, especially those related to epilepsy surgery, compared to LH with similar facility size. However, EC responded being less manageable in psychiatric service (61.5%), dietary therapy (46.2%), rehabilitation (53.8%), and patient employment support (61.5%). The percentage of facilities that responded "always able to refer" was highest in clinics (67.6%) and the lowest in EC (40%). Referral difficulties were more commonly encountered in EC, and less common in clinics. In EC, the most common reason for inability to refer was patient or family refusal (64%). Significance: We have clarified the epilepsy care delivery, functioning, and referral in facilities of various sizes in Japan. This study highlights the issues of downward referral and patient stagnation in EC, which have not received much attention. Plain Language Summary: A nationwide survey of healthcare facilities ranging in size from small clinics to large hospitals in Japan examined medical care delivery and patient referrals related to epilepsy. Compared to other facilities, epilepsy centers provided a variety of medical services to people with epilepsy but were inadequate in addressing psychiatric symptoms, providing dietary therapy, rehabilitation, and patient employment support. Referrals from epilepsy centers to other medical facilities were often refused by patients and their families. This results in patient crowding at epilepsy centers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hundredth anniversary of Paolo Sylos Labini's birth seems an excellent opportunity to celebrate his contribution, particularly in light of the European post-COVID-19 extraordinary measures. These revived debates around the relationship between state and market, structural inequalities within Italy, and austerity (Papadimitriu et al. 2020; Palma 2020; Variato et al. 2020; Canelli et al. 2021). Inspired by a reflection on Sylos Labini's assessment of the Italian increasing debt/low-investment/low-growth decline, our rationale is the need to re-focus away from debt towards investment and growth. We compare this alternative focus to the theories underpinning austerity, including the Ricardian equivalence, the crowding-out argument, and the bond vigilantes hypothesis. Our work relies on wide-ranging data analysis and concentrates on three econometric models: a vector error correction model to analyse the relationship between public debt and GDP in the long-run; a vector auto-regression model, which analyses the relationship between GDP and the components of debt, interest rates spread, and exchange rate in the short-run; and an additional vector auto-regression model to examine the primary balance components, including fiscal spending and revenues. We find that Sylos Labini's warnings and his view of the relation between economic development and civil development are no less relevant today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The influence of the aviation and space industries on the development of the world economy and economic development, industrial potential, competitiveness and position of various countries in the world is shown in the article. Global aviation and space market has been studied and an economic analysis of the aviation and space sector of the industry of the countries that are among ten world leaders in the industry was carried out. The main indicators of the development of the aviation and space industry of world countries-leaders and Ukraine have been systematized. The volumes of income of the leading companies of the industry producers, between which there is fierce competition, have been given. International competitiveness has been analyzed and ways of recovery and development of the aviation and space sector of Ukraine were proposed, taking into consideration the significant losses and damages caused by full-scale military invasion of aggressive neighbor on the territory of Ukraine. Scenarios of competitive behavior were considered and a strategy for the restoration of one of the largest enterprises in the world and single one in the aviation and space industry in Ukraine that has completed the cycle of engine production – Joint Stock Company Motor Sich has been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I dwell on the question how the therapist's way of being can be helpful for clients, through exploring moments when the therapeutic process is stuck and the therapist's way of being is not helpful. My assumption is that a therapeutic process get stuck because the therapist functions in a structure-bound way, as reaction to the difficulties of the client or to the therapeutic situation. What this means is investigated from four perspectives that shed light on four different subprocesses of psychotherapy. From the point of view that therapy sees as a meaning-making process, therapists perceive the client's experience distorted and attach their own meanings to it. From the perspective of the experiential subprocess, therapists has difficulty to accept something in the client's way of being because it touches something in themselves that they cannot relate to in an accepting way. In the light of the relational subprocess the rigid interactional pattern of the client evokes a relational pattern from the life of the therapists and lose their authenticity in the relationship. From an existential point of view therapists way of dealing in their own life with the existential issue the client is struggling with, prevents them to meet the client on this human level. After discussing each perspective a focusing-oriented exercise is offered to explore the contribution of the therapist to the stagnation of a specific therapeutic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]