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Globally, there is a growing momentum toward achieving universal access to clean energy, particularly electricity, as it plays a crucial role in improving the overall quality of life. Addressing the challenge of universal electricity access requires the development of various mechanisms that enable individuals to access electricity at affordable rates while having the freedom to choose their service providers. In many countries, governments are actively involved in enhancing electricity access, but this effort can put strain on state finances, leading to increased fiscal deficits. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between power expenditure and state finances in Jammu and Kashmir, India, in light of the push for improved electricity access. Using data from the RBI Bulletins for the period 1990–91 to 2019–20, the paper employs panel data analysis to investigate the relationship between power expenditure and gross fiscal deficit. Results indicate a positive and significant correlation between expenditure on power and state gross fiscal deficit in Jammu and Kashmir, indicating lower fiscal sustainability with higher power expenditure. For the purpose of reducing the pressure on state finances caused by enormous domestic power subsidies, the study recommended targeted subsidies with a focus on small energy projects utilizing renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies, as well as incentives and regulations to promote energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agricultural sector of the economy has a great potential to influence various aspects of sustainable development, such as economic stability, social equality, and ecological balance. However, one of the critical problems in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is the limitation of financial resources, which significantly narrows the opportunities of the agricultural sector and holds back its post-war recovery based on the green economy. The article's purpose is to typologize the theoretical and methodological foundations of the sustainable ontogenesis of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account the mutual influences and interdependencies between development and the financial and regulatory context of achieving the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals. The article analyses tasks and indicators and presents the empirical basis for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of overcoming hunger and developing agriculture adapted to the realities of Ukraine. The problems of the agricultural sector of the economy, which the government tried to solve during the 2000-2020s, were identified, and the interdependence between these problems and the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals was established. The financial context of programs supporting the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the pre-war period was determined, and their content, advantages and disadvantages were systematically characterized. The fact of systemic lagging of niche-sectoral financial support programs for agricultural commodity producers from reforms in the public finance management system and its derivatives has been revealed. The study results indicate that Ukraine's agricultural sector is currently at the crossroads between stability and sustainable development, with the former being predominant. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the transition from state support to state aid (for specific branches of the sector), from state support for crop production to state support for livestock production, and from infrastructure financing to the development of the Institute of Rural Construction.

This article is intended to find out how the Quantitative Easing model is implemented in Japan and the United States, how the Quantitative Easing model is applied by Bank Indonesia in 2020 to 2021, and how the Quantitative Easing arrangement is implemented by Bank Indonesia within the framework of Indonesian laws and regulations. This research was conducted using the juridical-normative method by reviewing the literature and the laws and regulations relating to Quantitative Easing in Indonesia. This article is written from research process that conducted by the method of normative-judicial approach. The results showed that Japan implemented Quantitative Easing more broadly by involving the Central Bank's monetary actions in the realm of interest rates and the purchase of securities in the public and private spheres. The United States has a narrower scope by only relying on the purchase of securities or bonds. In Indonesia, Bank Indonesia in 2020-2021 will implement Quantitative Easing to increase liquidity in the banking sector based on the authority given in Law No. 2 of 2020 which is more similar to the Japanese model. This model is known only to be regulated in Law No. 2 of 2020 specifically for handling the economic crisis due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The agricultural sector of the economy has a great potential to influence various aspects of sustainable development, such as economic stability, social equality, and ecological balance. However, one of the critical problems in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is the limitation of financial resources, which significantly narrows the opportunities of the agricultural sector and holds back its post-war recovery based on the green economy. The article's purpose is to typologize the theoretical and methodological foundations of the sustainable ontogenesis of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account the mutual influences and interdependencies between development and the financial and regulatory context of achieving the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals. The article analyses tasks and indicators and presents the empirical basis for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of overcoming hunger and developing agriculture adapted to the realities of Ukraine. The problems of the agricultural sector of the economy, which the government tried to solve during the 2000-2020s, were identified, and the interdependence between these problems and the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals was established. The financial context of programs supporting the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the pre-war period was determined, and their content, advantages and disadvantages were systematically characterized. The fact of systemic lagging of niche-sectoral financial support programs for agricultural commodity producers from reforms in the public finance management system and its derivatives has been revealed. The study results indicate that Ukraine's agricultural sector is currently at the crossroads between stability and sustainable development, with the former being predominant. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the transition from state support to state aid (for specific branches of the sector), from state support for crop production to state support for livestock production, and from infrastructure financing to the development of the Institute of Rural Construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruption of digital technology as part of the industrial revolution 4.0 forces changes in human culture to keep up with the times, including in public institutions. Regulating the digitalization of state finances has risks, including electronic evidence in court that is very likely to occur, given that corruption in state finances is still rampant, requiring legal evidence in court. This research is normative research by examining the existence of regulations related to electronic documents in state finances and explaining how electronic documents are formed. In this study, it can be concluded that regulations regarding electronic evidence have been adequately accommodated, although there is still an asymmetry in the classification of electronic evidence itself. Regulations governing electronic documents in the field of state finances still refer to laws regarding electronic information and transactions. These regulations are considered complete, although, in several regulations in the field of state finance, adjustments are still required to support the use of electronic documents in state finances. Electronic signatures are divided into certified and uncertified signatures, but certified signatures make the presence of an ideal electronic document. This research can be used as input for policymakers in implementing electronic documents in state finance.

Relevance of the research topic. In the conditions of martial law, stricter requirements are put forward for the formation and implementation of the state's financial policy, transparency in financial relations. At the same time, the war provoked an increase in fiscal risks affecting the level of financial security of the country. The above conditions the implementation of a number of reforms in the financial sphere. The task of raising the quality level of the state's financial policy in the system of economic development and its tools became important. Formulation of the problem. The substantiation of directions for raising the quality level of the state's financial policy requires the use of a rational approach based on the duality of the tasks set before the state administration of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law: ensuring the proper level of financing of public expenditures and creating fundamental conditions for the support and recovery of the domestic economy. The development of provisions regarding the implementation of the financial policy of the state in the system of economic development will provide an opportunity to increase the degree of its adaptability to socio-economic processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of formation and implementation of the financial policy of the state in the system of economic development is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi, L. Lysiak, I. Lukianenko, A. Mazaraki, A. Nikitishyn, M. Pasichnyi, Yu. Radionov, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above-mentioned issues are actualized in connection with large-scale military operations on the territory of Ukraine, which lead to new extraordinary challenges for ensuring the country's financial security. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The tasks of the research are: to reveal the peculiarities of the implementation of financial policy in the system of economic development of the country in the conditions of martial law; carry out an analysis and assessment of the state finance system. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic directions of financial policy in the system of economic development. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of scientific research methods: system approach, scientific abstraction, induction and deduction. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The features of financial policy implementation in the country's economic development system are revealed. The strategic directions of the financial policy of the state in the conditions of martial law are substantiated. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of forming and implementing financial policy. Conclusions according to the article. Large-scale military operations in Ukraine pose threats to the provision of both the country's financial and national security in general: control over financial flows becomes more complicated, budget revenues decrease, etc. Modeling financial interrelationships, identifying their cause and effect, synergistic effects, should be the basis for raising the quality level of the state's financial policy in the system of economic development, restoring economic balance in the war and post-war periods.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the health care sector in ensuring the health of the nation and forming the prerequisites for the development of the national economy. An author's approach to distinguishing the components of the health care provision system is proposed, among which it is proposed to highlight the following: personnel, material, infrastructural and financial support. It has been proven that the possibility of a timely response to the system of the latest challenges is directly determined by a combination of many factors, the key place among which is occupied by: the qualifications of doctors and medical personnel, the correspondence of their number to the existing needs, the level of provision of the necessary medical drugs and equipment, the appropriate infrastructural support for the implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures An analysis of the current state of the functioning of the health care sector was carried out, stimulating and disincentive factors influencing the effectiveness of its functioning and ensuring the proper quality of medical services were identified. It has been proven that the issues of the need to resist military aggression, to provide priority to the existing needs of the military sector, to guarantee the proper functioning of critical infrastructure, to ensure the socioeconomic conditions of society's life, as well as to maintain the availability and quality of health care services have become even more important and relevant. Under these conditions, the need to transform the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of the country's health care sector is substantiated, which should be based on a systematic approach to the proper resource provision of this area, built on the principle of innovative development and the need for its digital transformation. An author's approach to building an adaptive mechanism of state regulation of the health care sector of Ukraine is proposed, the primary action of which is aimed at maximally ensuring the needs of this sector in terms of resource provision, stimulating its innovative development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the personnel expenditure of the states and the Federal District between 2000 to 2015 from the State of Rio de Janeiro after the start of the subprime crisis in 2008. The methodology used was the econometric model of Difference in Difference with Polygonal Adjustment. The results showed that all states increased their personnel expenses after 2008. However, the Rio de Janeiro state index surpassed compared to the other states of the Confederation e o Federal District, after the start of the subprime crisis in 2008.

Relevance of research topic. Taxes play a significant role in the system of state regulation of the country's economic development. The cyclicality and dynamism of economic processes necessitates the adaptation of the tax regulation mechanism to changes in financial and economic conditions. It is important to timely and carefully assess the impact of taxes on social production, its dynamics and structure. Budget and tax policies should be mutually consistent with the strategic objectives of economic transformation, aimed at creating the proper conditions for deepening the interaction of the state and society. Formulation of the problem. In the context of economic transformations, the important task is to change the approaches to fiscal policy in terms of improving the tax system's tax structure, which are budget-forming components, which requires further scientific research into the theoretical and applied aspects of administration of tax revenues in the system of forming the revenue part of the budget. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of the formation of tax revenues and their impact on the market equilibrium is quite widespread in scientific research. These are works by well-known domestic and foreign scholars: J.J. Buchanan, W. Mitchell, J. M. Keynes, T. Bogolyub, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Chugunova and others. Identification of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are updated in connection with the strengthening of globalization processes, the adverse external and internal economic environment, which requires the solution of a number of specific tasks related to determining the level of tax burden in such a way as to achieve a balance between budget expenditures and its revenues and the processes of revival of business activity were not restrained, the level of growth of the shadow sector of the economy did not deepen. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objectives of the study are: the disclosure of the role of taxes in the state regulation of economic development of the country, the analysis and assessment of tax revenues in the system of budget revenue formation. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the priority tasks of the fiscal policy on the formation of tax revenues, and to improve their architectonics in the context of institutional transformations. Method or methodology of conducting research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of taxes in the state regulation of economic development of the country is determined. The analysis and estimation of tax revenues in the budget revenue generation system was carried out. The priority tasks of fiscal policy concerning formation of tax revenues, improvement of their architectonics under the conditions of institutional transformations are substantiated. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of Ukraine's fiscal policy. Conclusions according to the article. The role of taxes in the system of state regulation of economic processes is ensured by their influence on social production, its dynamics and structure. Ensuring the stability of budget revenues and fiscal adequacy involves developing an effective concept for the development of the tax system, based on realistic forecasts of socio-economic development of the country; assessment of the tax potential of administrative and territorial units. The starting base for the formation of the revenue part of the state and local budgets is the rational allocation and consolidation of specific tax revenues. The system of tax regulation should be based on a clear combination of legally established mechanisms for the establishment, collection and redistribution of tax revenues between budgets of different levels. The article defines the strategic priorities of the fiscal policy in relation to the formation of tax revenues in the budget revenue generation system.

This study explains about strategic priorities of state financial management for handling the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The impact of this pandemic has caused the country’s financial posture in the state budget to be unbalanced, where receipts have decreased while in state spending has increased very sharply. Such conditions imply that the state budget deficit's widening exceeds the limit set by the law. The method used in this research method is a descriptive qualitative approach using literature data that can provide analysis of strategies to change the state financial management amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The study concluded that the government's strategic response in abnormal situations is an extraordinary matter with budget allocation priorities aimed at public health and safety, including medical personnel, protection and social safety nets for vulnerable people, and protection among business people. However, it requires accountable supervision, especially for the distribution of social assistance funds with experience prone to corruption practices so that it is not on target.

Copyright of Bioeconomics & Agrarian Business / Bìoekonomìka ta Agrarnij Bìznes is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public pension funding problems may contribute to a state's poor economic performance. This paper examines that proposition, using state-level data on public pensions developed by the Pew Trust, and jointly by the Federal Reserve Board and the Bureau of Economic Analysis. There is little evidence that measures of the level of unfunded pension plan liabilities lead directly to a state's soft economic performance, though growth in unfunded liabilities appear to be associated with lower growth. While these results suggest that reductions in the growth of a state's pension debt may be beneficial, they arguably do not imply that dramatic action to reduce liabilities is necessarily called for. In that regard, the implications are comparable to those of Lenney et al. (2019), that suggest that reasonable goals for some presumed highly troubled systems are stabilization of the ratio of their unfunded liabilities to their state's nominal GDP, rather than outright elimination of the debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the Roman economy in the 2nd century BC is something that is not possible without being aware of the process of how the Mediterranean World fused into a political whole, first under the influence and later under the rule of the Roman State. Constructing the economic history of this period is not possible without considering the globalisation that occurred in the Mediterranean political realm, as well as the major changes in the social and economic spheres taking place in the Italian Peninsula. This context makes it possible to lay down a relationship between the conquering process and the changes that came about in the field of the land property and land cultivation. A second relationship may be established between the deep changes that occurred in the distribution of urban and rural populations and the consumption structure, the origin of corn supplies and the changes in the economic tissue in general. Further consideration is given to the economic significance of the proceeds coming from the war along with the revenues that Roman ruling officials and economic agents obtained while administering the imperial domain. The appetite for luxury goods that resulted from this process led in particular to the building of wealthy houses where fine mosaic pavements tended to be a common feature.

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By factoring in the role of political factors this study is an empirical attempt to assess the impact of transfers from upper to lower tier governments under situations favourable for playing pork barrel politics. Using panel data analysis we have found that impact of intergovernmental transfers depends upon the nature of transfers and if transfers are uncertain or meant for programmes that are to be completed on sharing basis, they may incentivise the lower tier governments to increase their own tax revenues thereby enhancing their fiscal space. This positive relationship is insensitive to electoral timing and party alignment thereby reducing scope for pork barrel politics by upper tier governments. The negative impact of transfers as could be inferred from 'swing voter' and 'loyal voter hypothesis' is also not empirically supported. Lower SDP and higher rural population have negative impact on own revenues of lower tier governments. Study suggests that for strengthening the fiscal space of lower tier governments increased devolutions should be made via channels that focus on outcomes of expenditures, cost sharing by lower tier governments and improving the rural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring transparent and efficient management of state finance is one of the key requirements of the European community and requires modern control mechanisms. On the one hand, the isolation of various branches of power in the preparation and adoption of regulatory acts has led to inconsistency in the laws regulating the activities of the Accounting Chamber and the State Audit Office of Ukraine. On the other hand, the lack of unified approaches among scientists conducting research in the field of control, and the multidisciplinary nature of the state finance control as the object of research provoked the usage of contradictory terminology. The purpose of the article is a critical analysis of application the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of audit of state finance, as well as the formulation of proposals for the implementation of terminology consistent with international standards. To achieve this purpose, the comparative analysis, method of theoretical generalization, systematic approach were applied. The content of definitions in the field of state finance control, which are used in legislative acts in Ukraine, was analyzed. Based on the analysis of the etymology of the concepts "public" and "state" and the problems of using words of foreign origin, the relevance of the usage of the term "public" in the field of state finance audits was evaluated. The essence of the term "state audit" was characterized and the reasonability of its further usage was substantiated. Measures that would solve the problem of the conventionality of concepts in the field of state / public finance audits and ensure the successful implementation of the ISSAI and best practices, as well as the effectiveness of the reform were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taxation is accepted as a fact of modern life, despite recurring political conflict over the nature and direction of fiscal policies. Most financiers regard obligations issued by the state as a safe investment option. Neither taxation nor state obligations were taken for granted during much of the history of public finance, however, at least not before the early 1800s. The ‘tax state’ developed in fits and starts, driven by the exigencies of warfare, which provided the main rationale for raising state income. Although wartime fiscal innovations eventually facilitated the rise of an efficient military state, the options available for implementing such improvements and preferences for specific fiscal or financial instruments varied greatly across early modern states. Focusing on the ‘long’ eighteenth century, this introduction presents a framework for assessing these differences and introduces the other articles in this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper tries to identify the fiscal sustainability record of democratically and autocratically governed countries by applying various performance indicators (credit worthiness, payment defaults, national debt, foreign assets) and also to clarify what effect the characteristics of a regime have on consolidation efforts in a country. The study identifies two key findings. While in the past, democracies have clearly found it easier to preserve their credit standing and solvency and to avoid government bankruptcy, a similar advantage can no longer be detected for democracies in terms of reducing national debt and foreign debts. Why democracies, in spite of their arrangements with a sensitivity for the public good and for due process, are finding it so difficult to avoid shifting their debts to future generations, to undertake cutback measures and to provide sufficient financial foresight, can in principle be interpreted as the other side of the coin, namely highly presence-oriented interests boosted even further through the short "democracy-specific time horizon".

All countries host informal economies, sometimes even exceeding the size of the formal economy. Living in the informal economy means for citizens that they and their activities are invisible for the government. Governments miss information about which people live in their country and what economically happens. They miss relevant data to develop policies, to monitor implementation and to levy taxes for generating budget. This hampers good governance and state building. This paper analyses the problem, and argues that when surveyors would expand their capacity for administration of land to other recordable subjects and objects, they can contribute to a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detrimental effects traditionally assigned to warfare in the development of pre-industrial economies have obscured the prominent role that military entrepreneurs played in economic development in this period. Historiography minimises the extent to which war and the concomitant strengthening of the central state provided a whole new range of opportunities for capital investment, a tendency that has been strengthened by the paradigm of Redlich's 'decline of the soldier-entrepreneur' and the technological determinism of the debate on the Military Revolution among others. The aim of this introduction is to look into the background of this relative lack of interest and to reaffirm the mutual dependence of eighteenth-century state-formation and the business of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of state reforms in 1748 and 1749 on mining and metallurgy must be perceived at two levels: from the perspective of financial history - when explaining the incorporation of industrial fields into the state financial system - as well as from the perspective of the history of the state administration, since the development of the monarchy's mining administration was significantly affected by reforms that may truly be considered as ground-breaking. The close interconnection of the economic and political objectives (being the repayment of state debt, i. e., including the saturation of military needs) of the Habsburg monarchy as a fiscal-military state and the constant pressure to promote innovation in the everyday production practices of the proto-industrial mining and metallurgical plants, which was persuasively proven during the reformation occurring after the War of the Austrian Succession, are extraordinarily fascinating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Icelandic Review on Politics & Administration is the property of Institute of Public Administration & Politics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analysis of theoretical concepts of budget regulation of a number of scientists allowed drawing a conclusion that, despite significant differences of views and opinions, practically all of them envisage participation of the state in managing economy. Strengthening of the regulatory function of the state is topical under modern conditions. In spite of the fact that aggravation of crisis phenomena result in a necessity to search for new levers of economy regulation, it is extremely important to study in more detail formation and development of the budget regulation in Ukraine. Namely this system not only mobilises a certain volume of financial resources, but also uses them effectively, taking into account the current needs of economy and strategic tasks of further development. The article offers periodisation of the process of budget regulation in Ukraine, considers characteristic features of each stage and provides a review of specific instruments of budget regulation.Анализ теоретических концепций бюджетного регулирования различных ученых позволил сделать вывод о том, что, несмотря на значительные различия взглядов и суждений, практически все они предусматривают участие государства в управлении экономикой. В условиях современности актуальным является усиление регулирующей функции государства. Несмотря на то, что с обострением кризисных явлений возникает необходимость в поиске новых рычагов регулирования экономики, крайне важно более детальное исследование становления и развития бюджетного регулирования в Украине. Ведь именно эта система не только мобилизует определенный объем финансовых ресурсов, но и эффективно их использует, учитывая текущие потребности экономики и стратегические задачи дальнейшего развития. В статье предложена периодизация процесса бюджетного регулирования в Украине, рассмотрены характерные особенности каждого этапа и предоставлен обзор конкретных инструментов бюджетного регулирования.

Copyright of Journal of Mosaic Research is the property of Uludag University, Mosaic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Normative theories of public finance, focusing on equity and efficiency criteria, have not been able to explain fully the variations in shares of different sub-national governments in intergovernmental transfers. This has led to an increase in empirical literature which considers the role of political factors, along with equity and efficiency criteria, in the allocation of central resources to subnational levels. Some of this literature recognises that funds transferred through independent constitutional bodies and other agencies may not be affected by political considerations in the same ways and to the same extent. Consistent with this recognition, this study of the experience of the Finance and Planning Commissions in India examines whether transfers to subnational governments are less prone to political manoeuvering if facilitated through an independent body. The study reveals that transfers through a constitutional body are less prone to political interventions than transfers via a body headed by political executives. The findings of the study have broader policy implications in terms of independent institutional interventions assisting in mitigating political distortions in central transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Latin American Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From a public finance point of view, achieving sustainable development hinges on two critical factors: the subnational implementation of public policies and the efficient allocation of resources across regions through vertical intergovernmental transfers. We introduce a framework that links these two mechanisms for analyzing the impact of reallocating federal transfers in the presence of regional heterogeneity from development indicators, budget sizes, expenditure returns, and long-term structural factors. Our study focuses on the case of Mexico and its 32 states. Using an agent-based computational model, we estimate the development gaps that will remain by the year 2030, and characterize their sensitivity to changes in the states' budget sizes. Then, we estimate the optimal distribution of federal transfers to minimize these gaps. Crucially, these distributions depend on the specific development objectives set by the national government, and by various interdependencies between the heterogeneous qualities of the states. This work sheds new light on the complex problem of budgeting for the Sustainable Development Goals at the subnational level, and it is especially relevant for the study of fiscal decentralization from the expenditure point of view. • A computational approach to study fiscal transparency in a multidimensional setting. • Novel data on more than 100 indicators at the state level. • New data on public expenditure at the subnational level. • An estimation of the feasibility of the Sustainable Development Goals at the state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The originally Irish family of Counts Wallis acquired two chateaux in Moravia, Moravské Budĕjovice and BudíŠkovice, where libraries have been preserved. The smaller library from Moravské Budĕjovice (3,000 volumes) comprises fiction, history, and the later part of the collection from the 19th century also includes works on natural sciences, in particular ornithology. The BudíŠkovice library (15,000 volumes) has preserved traces of the collections of Counts Brühl, Counts of Bünau, Thurn-Valsassina- Como-Vercelli and many others. The most interesting in terms of content is the book collection of Count Joseph Wallis (1767-1818), the president of the Austrian Court Chamber, infamous for being responsible for the collapse of state finances in 1811. The BudíŠkovice library proves that the count carefully studied the financial topic; one can find there a large number of books on banking, the introduction of paper money, usury, trade etc. The second area of the count's interest was fruit growing. The library thus contains many pomological publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bankarstvo Magazine is the property of Association of Serbian Banks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)