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An evolutionary game model between Chinese governments and steel works is established to explore how to reasonably promote steel works to use organic Rankine cycle（ORC）technology for recovering low-temperature waste heat, and the influences of evolutionary stability and key parameters on the evolutionary trajectory are analyzed. The results show that implementation costs and environmental pollution taxes are essential for ORC technology promotion. Charging higher taxes on energy consumption and environmental pollution can provide more incentives for governments to promote the application of ORC technology based on maximizing political and social benefits. Both parties benefit from having initial probabilities that are close to or larger than the critical value for popularizing ORC technology. Increasing regulatory expenditures, as well as political and social benefits, motivates governments; adding environmental pollution taxes, ORC generation benefits, and gains from reducing environmental pollution inspires companies; increasing operational loss subsidies and technical allowances, as well as technology deployment costs, is detrimental for both governments and companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the dust concentration distribution of chute at the enclosed stockyard in steel works during the discharging process of materials, the experimental model based on the similarity principle was established in the laboratory, and the effects of the moisture content of materials, the height of chute, as well as the discharging amount of materials on the dust concentration of the selected four materials (MLG-S, ONM-N-F, MLC-N, and ONM-N) were experimentally investigated. Simultaneously, the dust concentration distribution and the motion trajectory of particles were numerically simulated by FLUENT software based on the gas-solid two-phase flow theory. The results showed that a large amount of dust are generated during the discharging process of materials at the enclosed stockyard, and the dust concentration is negatively depended on the moisture content of materials, while that is positively correlated with the height of chute. As the height of chute is increased from 2.2 m to 3.1 m, the concentration of dust generated by the MLG-S is accelerated from 7335.1 mg/m3 to 8881.1 mg/m3, and the concentration of dust produced by the ONM-N is increased from 1286.7 mg/m3 to 1964.3 mg/m3. Meanwhile, the higher dust concentration is from the materials with smaller particle sizes and more fine particles. Furthermore, the dust concentration in the chute space is gradually increased from the top to the bottom, and the bottom of the chute is the key area for controlling dust pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production process of iron and steel is accompanied by a large amount of energy production and consumption. Optimal scheduling and utilization of these energies within energy systems are crucial to realize a reduction in the cost, energy use, and CO2 emissions. However, it is difficult to model and schedule energy usage within steel works because different types of energy and devices are involved. The energy hub (EH), as a universal modeling frame, is widely used in multi-energy systems to improve its efficiency, flexibility, and reliability. This paper proposed an efficient multi-layer model based on the EH concept, which is designed to systematically model the energy system and schedule energy within steelworks to meet the energy demand. Besides, to simulate the actual working conditions of the energy devices, the method of fitting the curve is used to describe the efficiency of the energy devices. Moreover, to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model, a case study is conducted to minimize both the economic operation cost and CO2 emissions. The optimal results demonstrated that the model is suitable for energy systems within steel works. Further, the economic operation cost decreased by 3.41%, and CO2 emissions decreased by approximately 3.67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, a team from the Wessex Archaeology Sheffield office investigated a site, Hollis Croft (NGR 434990 387580), prior to the construction of a multi-million pound commercial and student housing development. Hollis Croft is one of many Sheffield’s sites where well-preserved industrial archaeology survives beneath the modern buildings. Historic building recording was followed by a watching brief, a scheme of archaeological evaluation trenching and then strip, map and sample excavations, which revealed substantial 18th-/19th-century remains of steel conversion furnaces (both cementation and crucible, constructed by Burgin and Wells and W. Fearnehough Ltd respectively). We also discovered metres of entwined brick-built flues (likely related to later steelmaking methods such as the Siemens-Martin open hearth process or Bessemer process), traces of two pubs (The Cock and The Orange Branch) and a wide range of finds – all indicative of the industrial processes and the everyday lives of the workers. Apart from the discovery of a crozzle layer covering the entire interior of the furnace (not just its base as previously thought), and the detailed impressions of the ferrous bars visible in the surface of the crozzle layer, the remains were very familiar for Sheffield and industrial archaeology. The post-excavation processes were carried out as usual following industry standards. All our findings have been brought together in a final report held in the digital archive and the physical archive (including the finds) was subsequently deposited with Museums Sheffield under SHEFM:2019.13 and Sheffield Archives. This publication is based on that final report, but edited and updated, so there are some minor differences between the documents. But, inspired by a great deal of public interest during the excavations (and Mili's love for comics), a comic book has also been created and is published here alongside what would otherwise be a more traditional offering.

The new Experimenta in Heilbronn The extension building of the Experimenta Science Center was erected in Heilbronn until 2019. The highly geometrically challenging building consists of five floors with a pentagonal layout, that are twisted against each other. The composite structure in steel and concrete is stabilised by a central concrete core from which Holorib composite floors span to the floor‐high truss walls, which transfer the loads to the foundations in their intersections with each other. The following report explains the structural design and the planning implementation used to achieve an efficient construction workflow. Moreover, the workshop planning, fabrication and assembly are described from the company's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heimito von Doderer's uncle, Richard Gottlieb Wilhelm von Doderer, was a lifelong supporter of his nephew's literary ambitions. The paper concentrates on his life, especially his involvement in the Karlova huť steel works in the Silesian region from 1928 to 1932. After World War I the politically and economically important Silesian region was a great gain for the new Czechoslovak Republic and a great loss for the First Austrian Republic. When the Great Depression came about, the Czechoslovak Communist Party tried to exploit the crisis. Richard Gottlieb Wilhelm von Doderer, as top management, was a central figure of a labour dispute in 1931 and left a lasting impression when many workers lost their jobs. After the coup of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1948, the events in the Silesian region contributed to the creation of the legend of the heroic factory worker versus the workers' perfect enemy – Richard Gottlieb Wilhelm von Doderer.

Heimito von Doderer's uncle, Richard Gottlieb Wilhelm von Doderer, was a lifelong supporter of his nephew's literary ambitions. The paper concentrates on his life, especially his involvement in the Karlova huť steel works in the Silesian region from 1928 to 1932. After World War I the politically and economically important Silesian region was a great gain for the new Czechoslovak Republic and a great loss for the First Austrian Republic. When the Great Depression came about, the Czechoslovak Communist Party tried to exploit the crisis. Richard Gottlieb Wilhelm von Doderer, as top management, was a central figure of a labour dispute in 1931 and left a lasting impression when many workers lost their jobs. After the coup of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1948, the events in the Silesian region contributed to the creation of the legend of the heroic factory worker versus the workers' perfect enemy – Richard Gottlieb Wilhelm von Doderer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new instrument to detect radioactive contamination in cast steel, slag and fume dust from steelworks is proposed. It is based on an electrically cooled HPGe detector. Experimental data presented show that it matches the requirements of the European Metrology Research Project 'MetroMetal' and can replace, with significant advantages, existing equipment. The advantages (energy resolution, better nuclide identification) over common systems (scintillators) as well as drawbacks (lower efficiency) are discussed and typical MDAs values are presented together with the results from measurements of reference sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steel fabrication and installation works in a steel-structured building project account for 20% of the entire construction cost. In estimating construction costs, a few parameters are more significant than work item productivity. However, the Standardized Productivity (SP) of steel works presented in Poom-Sam, which is the standardized estimating guide system used in the public sector in Korea, has rarely been updated since its establishment in the 1970s. In order to update and improve its structure and figures, 15 construction sites and 5 steel fabrication shops were visited over a period of two years. From the study, it was found that the structure of Poom-Sam was rather complex and outdated and that the average SP of the works analyzed from the research was approximately 85% of the current SP. Moreover, the effect of the productivity differences on total construction cost was approximately 10%. The productivity improvements and amended Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) are attributable to the technology advancements in equipment and construction methods over the past two decades. The results of this study will improve the reliability and accuracy of cost estimation in steel works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using slag in steel making represents a challenge for road construction industry and decreasing environment interactions also. Steel making slag wit granulations of < 10 mm, which today have not a sure solution, represents the research object. The technological research solutions have aimed reducing CaO free content in these slugs, and reducing slug fraction with granulation of <10 mm also, and using these slugs in asphalt mixtures. Evaluating the impact of using steel making slugs shows an increasing of sustainable development indicator named "materials efficiency", with 2.18%. Technical economical analysis regarding using steel making slag by Romanian steel industry showed that the best variant (the bigger slag reusing rate, the smallest reusing investment time, and the best inside profitableness) is "Station of making available liquid slag from secondary metallurgical LF type". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Samples taken from the liquid slag layer in a vacuum degasser station of a steel works are analyzed after solidification by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) without any further sample preparation. The mass fractions of the major components of the vacuum slags are in the range of 50–60% for CaO, 0.5–12% for SiO2 and 20–40% for Al2O3. The species are distributed heterogeneously in the solid samples having diameters of 35 mm. Furthermore the color and structure of the samples is varying significantly. A fast spatial averaging of representative sample areas is realized by spatial laser beam shaping. Multivariate calibration and its validation is carried out with calibration and validation sets of production samples which are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence measurements or as borate beads for reference. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument is installed in the steel works at a distance of about 10 m from the vacuum degasser. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis runs automatically after the sample placement and it takes 80 s including data transfer to the host computer of the steel works. Operational tests are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of a fast slag analysis in the harsh environment of the vacuum degasser plant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols from an environment subjected to air masses of multiple origins was investigated at a northern French in-shore site away from any direct urban influence. During a continuous 1-year campaign, particles were sampled weekly onto polycarbonate membranes. Twelve 1-week samples of distinct air-mass origins, according to computed backward trajectories, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX). Approximately, 1000 particles per sample were automatically analyzed. Semi-quantitative analysis was carried out by applying Castaing''s first approximation to characteristic X-ray intensities of 16 elements (Z>8). A total of 11,842 particles were classified into five clusters, based upon similarities in composition, using a hierarchical clustering analysis. These clusters include: Na-rich (70%), referred to as marine particles, Ca–S-rich (17%), Al–Si-rich (8%), Fe-rich (4%) and Si-rich (1%), assigned to continental—including both natural and anthropogenic—sources. In this area, which is frequently subjected to meteorological depressions, the total particle number concentration is significantly correlated (r 2=0. 97) with the number concentration of marine particles regardless of the global origin of the air mass (i.e. oceanic and/or continental). In the case of air masses originating predominantly from the continent, marine particles presumably come from an external mixing due to the convergence of separate air masses before the sampling site. Due to their key role in marine primary production and in global climate by radiative forcing, Fe-bearing particles have been intensively studied for the past two decades. Fe-containing particles were interpreted here as iron (oxy(hydr))oxides (55%) and aluminosilicates (34%). A statistical reanalysis of all Fe-bearing particles (including particles with low Fe contents, not initially tabulated in the distribution statistics) clearly discloses their large abundance in air masses transported over steel works. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In order to understand the fundamental features of hydration reaction of sludge generated from a limestone washing process at a steel works and to improve its utilization as a secondary resource, the physicochemical properties of the sludge were examined and its hydration characteristics were investigated under several different conditions. The sludge was mainly composed of CaCO3 and its thermal behavior was observed to be affected by its composition. Compared to the conventional methods for hydrating limestone, using an ultrasonic vibration reactor produced more impalpable slacked lime powder with an even grain size because of the uniform reaction to the entire pulp with- out a violent reaction. Adequate pulp density for the production of fine slaked lime in an ultrasonic vibration reactor was observed to be 10 wt% or less. Hydration of the sludge formed by the limestone washing process was better and produced more homogeneous fine slacked lime powder than that of natural limestone. Slaked lime powder formed from the limestone washing-based sludge was very minute and the hydration reaction was completed within 10 minutes. In addition, the degree of hydration of the limestone washing-based sludge was found to be higher than that of natural limestone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most significant fine particle sources and their fractions in the subarctic city of Raahe, Finland, were determined by using receptor modelling. The daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 particles, sulphur dioxide and reflectance of PM2.5 filters were monitored for four months between January and April 1998 at a site about 3.5 km from the local steel works, the main stationary particle source in the city, and about 1 km from the city centre. PM2.5 particles were analysed for a total of 31 elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in order to identify the sources. Concentrations of three anions (F−, Cl−, SO42−) were also analysed by ion chromatography. The receptor model was based on a factor analysis-multiple regression. The method enabled five main PM2.5 emission sources to be identified: long-range transportation (44%), the sintering plant of the steel works (11%), the steel smelting plant of the steel works (3%), soil and street dust (7%) and a mechanical engineering works, which had a negative effect on the particle load. Unidentified sources were responsible for 35% of the PM2.5 particles on average. The contribution of the mechanical engineering works could not be determined because the used marker gave a negative effect due to the wind direction. The works had the sea (Gulf of Bothnia) beyond it, so that when the wind was blowing from that direction towards the monitoring site, it brought in clean air masses to dilute emissions from the mechanical engineering works efficiently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Este texto aborda o processo de desenvolvimento regional encetado em Minas Gerais, com particular ênfase na participação do corpo técnico regional ao longo das décadas de 1930 e 1940. Trata-se de um período de relevantes transformações no âmbito do poder público, sobretudo no tocante ao papel desempenhado pela ideologia e prática do planejamento e intervencionismo do Estado na esfera econômica, o que permitiu, no caso mineiro, a ascensão da categoria profissional do engenheiro às arenas decisórias do Estado, com repercussão na elaboração e tentativa de implantação de projetos voltados para o desenvolvimento econômico regional, notadamente nas áreas de agricultura e siderurgia. Este texto priorizará, para tanto, dois grupos específicos dentre essa elite técnica mineira: os ex-alunos da Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto e os alunos e professores da Escola Superior de Agricultura e Veterinária, de Viçosa.