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Pore structures provide extra freedoms for the design of porous media, leading to desirable properties, such as high catalytic rate, energy storage efficiency, and specific strength. This unfortunately makes the porous media susceptible to failure. Deep understanding of the failure mechanism in microstructures is a key to customizing high-performance crack-resistant porous media. However, solving the fracture problem of the porous materials is computationally intractable due to the highly complicated configurations of microstructures. To bridge the structural configurations and fracture responses of random porous media, a unique generative deep learning model is developed. A two-step strategy is proposed to deconstruct the fracture process, which sequentially corresponds to elastic deformation and crack propagation. The geometry of microstructure is translated into a scalar of elastic field as an intermediate variable, and then, the crack path is predicted. The neural network precisely characterizes the strong interactions among pore structures, the multiscale behaviors of fracture, and the discontinuous essence of crack propagation. Crack paths in random porous media are accurately predicted by simply inputting the images of targets, without inputting any additional input physical information. The prediction model enjoys an outstanding performance with a prediction accuracy of 90.25% and possesses a robust generalization capability. The accuracy of the present model is a record so far, and the prediction is accomplished within a second. This study opens an avenue to high-throughput evaluation of the fracture behaviors of heterogeneous materials with complex geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a two-component Bose–Bose mixture at infinitely strong repulsive interactions in a tightly confining, one-dimensional ring trap and subjected to an artificial gauge field. By employing the Bethe Ansatz exact solution for the many-body wavefunction, we obtain the ground state energy and the persistent currents up to four particles. For each value of the applied flux, we then determine the symmetry of the state under particles exchange. We find that the ground-state energy and the persistent currents display a reduced periodicity with respect to the case of non-interacting particles, corresponding to reaching states with fractional angular momentum per particle. We relate this effect to the change of symmetry of the ground state under the effect of the artificial gauge field. Our results generalize the ones previously reported for fermionic mixtures with both attractive and repulsive interactions and highlight the role of symmetry in this effect.

Since its start, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has helped advance both theory and experiment on the production and properties of the heaviest fundamental particle, the top quark. This review focuses on a selected set of measurements and associated searches for new physics, which have opened the door for unprecedented precision in this area of high-energy physics. Fundamental parameters of the theory such as mt, αS, Vtb, and yt are measured from top quark events with relative uncertainties that are smaller than 0.5%, 1.8%, 2%, and 10%, respectively, and that are expected to improve with more data, better experimental methods, and more accurate theory predictions. Several results, even if statistically limited, already significantly constrain the phase space of new physics: measurements of associated production with bosons, processes with four top quarks, and searches for rare decays, among others. It is expected that until the completion of the LHC program, top quark physics will keep providing unique insights regarding the consistency of the Standard Model and the energy scale of new physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct N-soliton solutions for the fractional Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation in the whole sub-critical range 2.1=2; 2. More precisely, ifQc denotes the ground state solution associated to fKdV evolving with velocity c, then, given 0 < cN, we prove the existence of a solution U of fKdV satisfying where 0 j. t cj as t ! C1. The proof adapts the construction of Martel in the generalized KdV setting [Amer. J. Math. 127 (2005), pp. 1103-1140] to the fractional case. The main new difficulties are the polynomial decay of the ground state Qc and the use of local techniques (monotonicity properties for a portion of the mass and the energy) for a non-local equation. To bypass these difficulties, we use symmetric and non-symmetric weighted commutator estimates. The symmetric ones were proved by Kenig, Martel and Robbiano [Annales de l'IHP Analyse Non Linéaire 28 (2011), pp. 853-887], while the non-symmetric ones seem to be new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction pp → {pp}s π0 , where {pp}s denotes a diproton, i.e. an unbound interacting proton pair in the 1S0 , state, was investigated in order to obtain a differential cross section dσ/dΩ at small angles in the energy range 1.6–2.4 GeV. This work is intended for the presentation of the main procedures in the processing of experimental data.

Construction of strong interactions between oxides is compelling for modulating the active sites towards acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Here, a solid solution oxide electrocatalyst constructed by alloying of IrO 2 and CrO 2 (labeled as Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2) is reported with an overpotential of 255 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution, which is much lower than that of the state-of-the-art IrO 2 (357 mV). The mass activity at 1.50 V vs. RHE is 47 folds than that of IrO 2 , and it can maintain such OER stability for more than 200 h. Detailed analysis concludes that the organic ligands-assisted synthesis of Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2 can enlarge the surface-active area and provide more active sites for water oxidation, while the leaching of Cr and its strong interaction with Ir sites resulting in the formation of high chemical state oxides of Ir with superior activity for acidic OER. It is found that the significantly increasement of oxygen vacancies content during electrochemical test together with the two points mentioned above jointly promote the water oxidation activities of Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2 electrocatalyst in acidic media. Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2 solid solution oxides with nanosphere packing morphology exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic activity and ultralong stability (over 200 h) for efficient oxygen evolution in acidic media. [Display omitted] • Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2 solid solution oxide catalyst is rationally designed and synthesized. • Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2 exhibits stable and remarkable behaviors for acidic water oxidation. • Ir 0.3 Cr 0.7 O 2 realizes η 10 at 255 mV and OER stability within 200 h in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of future Muon Collier (or dedicated μ -ring) tangential to the energy frontier h h colliders will give opportunity to realize μ p and μ A collisions at multi-TeV center-of-mass energies with sufficiently high luminosities. Obviously, such colliders will essentially enlarge the physics search potential of corresponding muon and hadron colliders for both the SM (especially for clarifying QCD basics and confinement hypothesis) and BSM phenomena. In addition, they will provide parton distribution functions for adequate interpretation of energy frontier h h colliders' and cosmic ray experiments data. This paper is devoted to review of main parameters of μ h colliders proposed until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pore structures provide extra freedoms for the design of porous media, leading to desirable properties, such as high catalytic rate, energy storage efficiency, and specific strength. This unfortunately makes the porous media susceptible to failure. Deep understanding of the failure mechanism in microstructures is a key to customizing high-performance crack-resistant porous media. However, solving the fracture problem of the porous materials is computationally intractable due to the highly complicated configurations of microstructures. To bridge the structural configurations and fracture responses of random porous media, a unique generative deep learning model is developed. A two-step strategy is proposed to deconstruct the fracture process, which sequentially corresponds to elastic deformation and crack propagation. The geometry of microstructure is translated into a scalar of elastic field as an intermediate variable, and then, the crack path is predicted. The neural network precisely characterizes the strong interactions among pore structures, the multiscale behaviors of fracture, and the discontinuous essence of crack propagation. Crack paths in random porous media are accurately predicted by simply inputting the images of targets, without inputting any additional input physical information. The prediction model enjoys an outstanding performance with a prediction accuracy of 90.25% and possesses a robust generalization capability. The accuracy of the present model is a record so far, and the prediction is accomplished within a second. This study opens an avenue to high-throughput evaluation of the fracture behaviors of heterogeneous materials with complex geometries., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

• The catalytic performance of Ni loaded on different supports was studied. • The Ni/Al 0.5 Ce 0.5 O x catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity. • The introduction of Ce reduced the energy barrier of N associative decomposition. • A potential low-cost approach for NH 3 partial cracking was provided. Partial cracking is a feasible strategy to improve ammonia (NH 3) combustion. The nickel (Ni) based catalysts have become promising non-noble metal NH 3 decomposition catalysts owing to the low cost and decent performance. In order to meet the demand of reducing cost and expanding production, a batch of Ni catalysts were obtained by using low-cost supports and traditional impregnation preparation method. It was found that the Al 2 O 3 was the optimal support for Ni catalysts by comparing the catalytic performance. On the basis of Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, the catalytic activity was further improved by introducing cerium (Ce) modification. The catalytic performance of Ce-doped catalysts enhanced at first and then decreased with the rise of Ce contents. Among all of catalysts in this work, the Ni/Al 0.5 Ce 0.5 O x catalysts possessed the highest activity and the lowest apparent activation energy. The characterization results suggested that the addition of Ce could destroy the pore structure of Al 2 O 3 supports, but it might promote the formation of more B5 active sites. The NH 3 temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD) results implied that the introduction of Ce strengthened the strong interactions between meatal and support, which improved the activity and stability of the Ce-doped catalysts. The Ni/Al 0.5 Ce 0.5 O x catalysts were proved to possess excellent resistance to the high temperature sintering through the 32 h's thermal stability test. This study provides a feasible path for preparing low-cost Ni catalysts for NH 3 decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the triple top quark production processes have been investigated and calculated in the scope of the Standard Model. The cross-sections for different channels are provided for the proton–proton collision energies of s = 1 4 and 100 TeV. The importance of the electroweak contribution has been demonstrated. For the main channels, the interference between the gluon and the weak bosons mediated contributions is negative and significant, therefore the complete set of diagrams has to be taken into account. Estimated total rates are about 1.9 fb for s = 1 4  TeV and 530 fb for s = 1 0 0  TeV. A simple estimation of the uncertainty of the calculated cross-sections gives about 20%. The integrated luminosity of 3 ab − 1 at HL-LHC allows expecting about 5700 events, giving a chance to detect this rare process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalized approach to promote the ODH catalytic activity of borocarbonitride (BCN) through in situ encapsulation of transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles within nanotubes was proposed. The enhanced ODH activity was ascribed to the electron transfer from the encapsulated metal to BCN. [Display omitted] • The BCNNT encapsulated transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles were fabricated. • The M@BCNNTs exhibit enhanced activity in ODH of EB than pristine BCNNTs. • The activity improvement is related to the increase of the nucleophilicity of active sites. The borocarbonitrides (BCNs) have exhibited enormous potential as non-metallic catalysts for alkane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactions. However, the poor electron transportation ability in BCN leads to a low reactivity of oxygen functional groups (C O and B OH). Herein, we present a generalized strategy to promote the catalytic activity of BCN through in situ encapsulation of transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles within BCN nanotubes (BCNNTs). Among them, individual metal particles themselves do not contribute directly on ODH reactions and mainly serve as electron modulators to tune the electron density of C O and B OH active sites on BCNNTs. As a result, catalytic activities of all metal@BCNNTs catalysts surpass pure BCN in ethylbenzene (EB) ODH reactions, among which Fe@BCNNTs displays a significant activity enhancement with 36 % EB conversion with the styrene (ST) selectivity remaining >98% under gentle reaction conditions. Structural and kinetic analyses proved that the promotion effect originated from the strong interactions between metal nanoparticles and BCNNTs. The theoretical calculations disclosed that the enhanced ODH activity was due to the electron transfer from the encapsulated metal to BCNNTs, which increases the electron transportation ability and electron density of BCNNTs, thus promoting the nucleophilicity of C O and B OH active sites, leading to the reduced activation energy barrier for C H bond dissociation. The present work sets forth the structure-function relationship, identifying opportunities for rational design of highly efficient BCN catalysts for ODH reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the new TOTEM data at 13 TeV in a wide momentum transfer region reveals the unusual phenomenon — the presence in the elastic scattering amplitude of a term with a very large slope that is responsible for the behavior of hadron scattering at a very small momentum transfer. This term can be connected with hadron interactions at large distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]