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Under South Dobrudzha climatic conditions (Haplic Chernozems soil) wheat yield (grain, protein and structional components) is strongly influenced by application of different main soil tillage systems (MSTS) in 4-field crop rotation. For the period 2018-2021 in Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo seven MSTS were tested: 1. CP - Conventional plowing (24-26 cm); 2. D - disking (10-12 cm) 3. C - cutting (24-26 cm); 4. NT - NT (direct sowing); 5. CP-NT (CP for spring crops - NT for wheat); 6. C-D (C for spring crops-D for wheat) and 7. CP-D (CP for spring crops-D for wheat). The objectives were: to investigate the seasonal variability in wheat grain and protein yield and the structural yield components as influenced by the main tillage systems; to investigate the variability in the physical properties of wheat grain and to evaluate the correlations between the grain yield and all other investigated indices. The meteorological conditions have a decisive influence on the values of the studied indices. The highest average yield for the 2018-2021 was obtained in the CP-D system (6953.7 kg/ha) and excess over CP-CP by 6.4%. The same is true for crude protein yield, where the increase is with 70.0 kg/ha. Prolonged application of deep irreversible tillage in the crop rotation has a strong negative impact on the amount of the grain and crude protein yield. Significant dynamics has been established in the values of the yield structural elements. The largest grain was obtained in the D-D (41.56 g), and the heaviest - in the CP-CP (77.94 kg). Tillage combination systems are characterized by lower values of the physical characteristics of the grain compared to their individual application. Numerous correlations in both directions between yields (grain and crude protein) and its structural elements have been found. The positive reaction of wheat under the conditions of NT and minimal tillage in the crop rotation show that they can definitely replace conventional plowing in the growing climate changes, causing stress in critical phases of wheat development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fracture strength and dislocational structure of hard alloys and the wear resistance of wear-resistant nanostructured coatings are studied. The strength of structural elements in the alloys is assessed. Recommendations are made regarding the selection of the hard alloy and nanostructured coating for high-speed machining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the advent of Islam in Iran, architecture and urban design, including garden design, underwent significant transformations. Since then, the integration of Quranic themes with Islamic art has attained a sacred dimension, with the aesthetic embodiment of the verses of the Holy Quran becoming a key tool and source for artists and architects of gardens throughout the Islamic world. As the Quranic verses describing paradise offer the best depiction from a garden architecture perspective, this study seeks to analyze the alignment of these heavenly descriptions with the design of earthly gardens. It examines how these abstract, conceptual descriptions are reflected in concrete, visual representations. The research first explores a selection of Quranic verses related to paradise, then aesthetically and comparatively analyzes the symbolic and architectural elements of Islamic gardens inspired by these verses. The methodology is descriptive-analytical, with data gathered from library sources and analyzed based on Quranic interpretations, particularly Tafsir al-Mizan. The findings indicate the divine harmony between the promised paradise and the worldly and otherworldly lives of humanity, though the Iranian garden can only be considered a partial reflection of this ultimate truth.

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the current study was to identify the optimized seeding rate of the spring barley variety ‘Lyuboyar’ to obtain an economically profitable yield in the conditions of the non-blackearth part of the Central region of the Russian Federation on dark gray forest soils of a mean fertility level. The trials were carried out in the conditions of the Ryazan region in the selection crop rotation when sown in “black” fallow in 2022–2023. The trial scheme included the study of 6 options: 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0 and 5.5 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare. There has been established that the optimal option in terms of field germination and preservation of plants for harvesting is the norm of 4.0 million per 1 ha with 89.5 % and 77.5 %, respectively. The number of survived plants before harvesting, the number of productive stems, plant height, head length, number of grains per head and grain weight per head have a significant contribution to crop productivity (r = +0.727...+0.955). The maximum number of stems (924 pcs/m2) and head length (9.2 cm) was demonstrated by the variant with a seeding rate of 4.5 million, height (83 cm) with 5.0 million, productive tillering (3.1) with 5.0–5.5 million, number of grains per head (23.9 pcs.) with 4.0 million, weight of grain per head (1.2 g) with 4.0–4.5 million, 1000-grain weight (47.5 g) with 3.0 million seeds per hectare. It was found that with an increase in the seeding rate, the number of plants increases before harvesting, the number of productive stems, plant height, tillering coefficient and head length increase with r = +0.543...+0.889, but there has been a decrease in indicators such as head weight (r = -0.355) and, especially, 1000-grain weight (r = -0.752). The largest productivity of 7.05 t/ha was obtained with a seeding rate of 4.0 million seeds per hectare, in the second place there was 6.90 t/ha with a rate of 4.5 million seeds per ha. At seeding rates of 4.0–4.5 million germ. seeds per 1 ha, the highest profitability was 67.2–60.2 %.

Copyright of Problems of Engineering Graphics & Professional Education is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field trial was conducted at the Institute for Plant and Genetic Research, Bulgaria, for the periods 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. The aim is to research the dependencies between agronomic and technological traits to explain the direct and indirect influence of traits on the yield of green biomass in triticale. 37 triticale breeding lines and cultivars were tested in competitive variety trial for agronomic and technological traits. They establish moderate to high correlative relationships between agronomic traits. The correlation between the number of productive tillers and green biomass yield in triticale during the heading-anthesis phase is positive and highest. Based on the significance of correlating coefficients, a regression model is proposed to predict green biomass yield. The direct effects on the green biomass of plants during heading-anthesis are positive and largest from the hectoliter mass and from the number of productive tillers per unit area. The largest positive indirect impact is the number of productive tilers in terms of hectoliter weight relative to yield from green biomass. The biomass at full maturity has the greatest negative indirect influence. The results can be useful for the phenotypic evaluation of triticale lines and cultivars suitable for silage production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this study is the unsteady flow of liquid in pipelines, which are part of the design of airplanes and helicopters. This name means, first of all, the phenomenon of a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline, which is known as a hydraulic shock. Although we have already learned to deal with this phenomenon in some parts of the systems, in many structural elements (flexible pipelines), inside which the working pressure reaches several hundred atmospheres, this phenomenon is still quite dangerous. As you know, the best way to deal with an unwanted phenomenon is through theoretical study. To date, there has been a huge amount of work in the direction of hydraulic shock research. This article does not fully cover these studies. It is limited to references to reviews and relevant works. Because the phenomenon of hydraulic shock has a significantly nonlinear character, analytical solutions of systems of equations corresponding to the simplest models were unknown until recently. This work presents, as an overview, already known analytical solutions describing the process of shock wave propagation. Most importantly, new achievements are given, both for the inviscid approximation and for considering internal viscous friction. It is shown that the internal friction within the considered model is negligible almost everywhere, except for the thin shock layer. The asymptotic is proportional to the tangent function and inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the Reynolds number and the dimensionless parameter characterizing the convection effect. Convection of the velocity field significantly affects the distribution of characteristics in hydraulic shock. If the self-similar solutions that were obtained earlier have a power-law character for the velocity distribution in the shock wave, then the simultaneous consideration in the model of convection and friction on the pipeline walls (according to the Weisbach-Darcy model) made it possible to obtain a distribution in the form of an exponential function that decays with increasing distance from the shock wave front. In addition, the work includes an original approach to solving a nonlinear system of differential equations that describes the propagation of a shock wave without considering the friction on the walls. Analytical solutions were obtained in the form of a function of pressure versus the velocity of shock wave propagation. Research methods. This work uses purely theoretical approaches based on the use of well-known fluid flow models, methods of analytical solution of differential equations and their systems, asymptotic methods, derivation of self-model equations, and finding their solutions. Conclusions. Analytical solutions of systems of differential equations were obtained, which describe models of hydraulic shock without considering viscous effects. A comparison of the obtained results with the results of other studies is given.

Discrete global grid systems (DGGS), which provide the reference framework for next-generation Digital Earth, recursively divide the Earth's surface into discrete multi-resolution hierarchies and support multi-source spatial data fusion and location-related event simulation. Existing DGGS research has primarily focused on cell centers, and therefore lacks rigorous mathematical modeling of multi-structural elements that comprise centers, edges, and vertices, resulting in inefficient data exchange and inaccurate data modeling. To this end, a unified mathematical modeling method was proposed for hexagonal multi-structural elements of grid systems based on triangles. The code operation principles and indexing conversion relationships for multi-structural elements were also deduced. The proposed method provides a unified mathematical model which reveals the mathematical essence of hexagonal multi-structural elements and has theoretical significance for future research on hierarchical data structures. Furthermore, conversion between multi-structural elements of triangles and hexagons, was achieved with low algorithmic complexity. Finally, the use of multi-structural elements can improve the accuracy of data modeling and spatial analysis, which has important applications for the representation of geospatial location data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their limited historical perspective, engineered wood products (EWPs) have traditionally only applied as construction components where a load-bearing function was required. This study provides a holistic perspective on wood's suitability and versatility within modern architectural practices. The traditional EWP concept must now be widened to include all types of wood-based components necessary within contemporary architectural design. The objective was twofold: firstly to give, from an architectural perspective, a description of the various uses of wood as a building material and design possibilities in contemporary architectural uses, and secondly, from an engineering point, recognising the pivotal role engineers play in translating these architectural concepts into timber engineering. By classifying wood and wood-based materials based on their "origin from production", and classifying their main use as architecture elements, a widened view of wood as EWPs is hereby presented, i.e. a group of materials that embraces their whole spectrum of prospective uses with respect to specific purposes and performances, whilst related to specific properties, functions, and tactile performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was carried out at the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM” (Ryazan region) on dark gray forest soil of medium fertility (organic matter content 5.60 %) in 2018–2022. The objects of the study were 9 winter common wheat varieties (developed by the FSBSI FRC “Nemchinovka” and FSBSI FRAC VIM), which were included in the State List of Breeding Achievements from 2005–2023 in the Central region of the Non-Blackearth part of the Russian Federation and divided according to the variety change periods, i.e. period V with ‘Galina’, ‘Angelina’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Viola’; period VI with ‘Danaya’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Galateya’, ‘Anfisa’, ‘Boyarka’. The purpose of the study was to analyze the grain yield and biometric elements of its structural indicators in the winter common wheat varieties, depending on the variety change periods in the conditions of the southern part of the Central region of the Russian Federation. During the study, there has been established an excess of the average (by 15.9 %), minimum (by 27.9 %) and maximum (by 8.3 %) productivity of varieties of the last variety change period with 5.2 % advantage in realizing the yield potential (average 74.5 %) and adaptability coefficient by 17.4 % (average value over 1.0). The variety ‘Galateya’ has high values of productivity potential with adaptability coefficient of 1.12. There has been established that in modern varieties there was a decrease in the stem length by 5.9 cm on average. The shortest varieties were ‘Viola’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Anfisa’ and ‘Boyarka’ with 96–97 cm. There has been established that the varieties of the period VI experienced a stem augmentation on 12.7 %, number of grains per head on 2.5 %, grain weight per head on 11.7 % and 1000-grain weight on 4.2 % in comparison with the varieties of the previous selection. A significant contribution to the productivity of new varieties (r ≥ +0.700) was made by the traits ‘number of grains per head’ and ‘grain weight per head’. The variety ‘Anfisa’ had the longest head of 11.3 cm. The varieties ‘Galateya’, ‘Felitsiya’, and ‘Boyarka’ had number of grains per head more than 42.0 pcs., and grain weight per head of more than 2.0 g. All varieties of the last variety change had large grain, m1000 > 46.0 g, the variety ‘Galateya’ had especially coarse grain of 49.1 g.

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New geochemical data of the Iron Oxide-Copper–Gold (IOCG) mineralization and its host rocks in the Dara area, North Eastern Desert of Egypt, are investigated for a better understanding of their petrogenesis. The host rocks are classified into metagabbro-diorite and I-type younger granitoids (monzogranite and alkali feldspar granites). The metagabbro-diorite rocks are volcanic arcs with calc-alkaline affinity and were generated by partial melting of mantle related to the subduction zone. The monzogranite and alkali feldspar granite are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with calc-alkaline and highly fractionated I-type affinity, respectively. The monzogranite was suggested to be generated from the partial melting of the lower mafic crust, whereas the alkali feldspar granites were from the upper continental crust. IOCG mineralization at the Dara prospect is confined along contacts between the metagabbro-diorite and monzogranite rock types in the form of quartz and quartz-carbonate veins surrounded by alteration zones. The IOCG mineralization is structurally controlled where the quartz and quartz-carbonate veins follow rejuvenation NW–SE compressional Najd fault to E-W and NE-SW extensional fault systems. The hydrothermal mineralization consists of magnetite, hematite, specularite, quartz, calcite, chalcopyrite, minor pyrite, and native gold. Hydrothermal alteration is subdivided into inner sericite-rich and outer chlorite-rich zones. Chemical discrimination using CCPI (chlorite-carbonate-pyrite chemical index), AI (alteration index), and mass balance calculation suggests a redistribution of most elements during alteration without extensive elemental changes except for Eu and Ho. The field, mineralogical, and geochemical features advocated that the mineralization is akin to be related to the Iron Oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG) system that could be linked to the post-collisional tectonic setting of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for calculating the Hansen solubility parameter of organic solvents by taking the sum of the contribution of each structural element of a solvent molecule is considered. Two variants are proposed for calculating this parameter. Comparison of the calculated and experimental values of these parameters fora 20 organic compounds of different classes showed satisfactory accuracy of the proposed calculation procedure. Feasibility was demonstrated for the use of this method of selecting solvents for dissolving polymers as well as for calculating some physicochemical characteristics of solvents such as molar volume, enthalpy of formation, and Gibbs free energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the conditions for the formation of the investment climate of the State using the following system of structural elements: first, investment attractiveness as an integral characteristic of individual enterprises, industries, regions, and countries in general from the standpoint of development perspective, return on investment, and the level of investment risks; secondly, investment activity as a quantitative measure of attracting real investment in fixed assets, which is a prerequisite for economic development and is achieved through the most efficient use and growth of investment volumes in priority sectors of material production and the social sphere through the realized investment resources; thirdly, investment potential as a quantitative characteristic of investment attractiveness, which is not a simple but a certain ordered set of investment resources that allow achieving a synergy effect and obtaining the effect of interaction of various factors; fourth, investment risk as a qualitative assessment of investment attractiveness, a probable characteristic of investment loss, which depends on the political, social, economic, financial, ecological, criminal situation and legislative environment. It is noted that the quality of the investment climate of a country or business environment determines the risks and transaction costs of investing and operating a business. It is emphasized that it is very difficult to provide an accurate quantitative assessment of the investment climate, so it is usually assessed as: favorable; unfavorable; neutral. It is justified that the investment climate is formed under the influence of a set of factors that characterize the conditions of investment activity of both objective and subjective plans and determine the level of risk of investment.

The article presents a scientific approach to the actual problem of the formation of a full-fledged economic potential (industrial and consumer) of the agro-industrial complex of the northern regions. The key premise of the study is that the content of the economic potential makes it possible to identify not only the dynamics of the accumulation of production capacities, but also to determine the trends and prospects for socio-economic, environmental, infrastructural, demographic and market transformations. The principle of conducting a systematic analysis of the state, composition and structure of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the North of potential was chosen as the main prerequisite for the study. The most reliable method that reveals the directions of the prospective development of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the North is a retrospective analysis of the state of their technical, economic and other indicators. Given the interrelated and interdependent properties of the economic potential, it is proposed to develop the production and consumer potentials of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the North in a single context of relevant economic relations and development strategies. Emphasis should be placed on the constant renewal of the elements of the economic potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Northern regions. An important role in increasing the economic potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Northern regions should be played by the formation of regular state financial, economic, legal and other support for the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the North. The long-term strategic line for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the North should be determined not only by the level of production and sales of marketable products, but also by the combination of state and non-state program measures into a clear and coordinated effective system of strategic measures. It is recommended to regularly transform the elemental structures of the agro-industrial complex of the Northern regions from a passive state into an active carrier of intellectual capital, fixed assets and investments.

In the Zagros fold-thrust belt, the Fars region is affected by the basement left-lateral strike-slip faults such as the Nezamabad, Razak, and Hendurabi faults which these faults have affected on the folding system of this area and the effect of these faults activity is one of the factors in the folding diversity. Also, the Fars region anticlines are very important in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, due to their huge gas reserves in the Permian‒Triassic carbonate sediments. The Hendurabi faults have major effects on folding style base on changes of the folding geometry. For more analysis, when the effective stress and deformation value is different, the type of fold has been changed in different parts of fold. This case may be created by cropping out of the salt domes, activities of main active faults and other structural elements. The studied area is a special structural feature in the Zagros fold-thrust belt that is shown the effects of the strike slip faults on the folding geometry. In the study area, close fold type in all parts has shown the study anticline affected by the special may be from deformation of the Razak and Hendurabi sinistral strike-slip faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HSFRC) is an innovative material that has gained widespread attention in recent years due to its superior mechanical properties and durability compared to traditional concrete. This high-performance material has been extensively researched and tested, and the results have shown that it can significantly enhance the strength, toughness, and durability of concrete structures, making them more resilient to various types of loading and environmental factors. The use of HSFRC in construction has opened up new possibilities for the design of more efficient and sustainable structures that can withstand extreme conditions and provide long-lasting performance. The incorporation of fibers in the concrete matrix enhances its tensile strength, ductility, and energy absorption capacity, while reducing the risk of cracking and spelling under load. The review of HSFRC highlights the key benefits and challenges associated with the material, as well as the current state of research in this field. It presents an overview of the properties of HSFRC, including its strength, stiffness, durability, and workability, and discusses the various types of fibers that can be used in its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine the sedimentary environment of alluvial terraces south of Khorramabad to Poldokhter using structural elements and limiting surfaces. In line with this goal, 4 sections were identified and studied. The cuttings are located at distances between 60 and 80 kilometers south of Khorram Abad towards Poldokhter. The studies conducted on these sections lead to the identification of 10 rock facies, including 4 gravelly rock facies (Gm, Gms, Gp, Gt), 4 sandy rock facies (Sm, Sp, St, Sh) and 2 rock facies. Flower (Fsm, Fm), 13 structural elements including (GB, HS, C/S, LHF, LCS, CVs, DIs, TCS, OF, CH, SB, SHF, LIS) and 6 limiting levels of rank 1 to 6 became. According to rock faces, limiting surfaces and structural elements under channel environments, channel bars, point bar, wide cuts (crevasse splay), natural embankments (levee).) and flood plain subenvironment were determined for the alluvial terraces south of Khorramabad to Poldokhtar. Structural elements CH, GB, C/S, LHF, SHF were observed in the studied alluvial barracks in abundance, which indicates a river environment with low twist for the studied alluvial terraces, which alternates between at times, it was attacked by strong and destructive floods, and the coexistence of flood channels indicates that they are periodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, one of the tasks facing breeders is the creation of new varieties in terms of their economically important characteristics, close to the developed models of the «ideal variety». The main purpose of the research is a comparative analysis of economically important indicators of a new AGU 75 variety of wintering oat of the dual direction, and the compliance with the parameters of the idiotype for further use as a genetic source. The basis for this approach was the study of the variety in the nursery of competitive variety testing in the period of 2000–2015. The studies were carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern foothill zone of the North-Western Caucasus according to the generally accepted methods and agrotechnics of cultivation. As part of our research we used long-term experimental data from field observations and records, laboratory studies, and the biochemical composition of grain. The article gives an assessment of the duration of the growing season, winter hardiness, yield, resistance to lodging and major diseases (crown and stem rust, septoria, head smut) of the AGU 75 variety in relation to the idiotype. A comparative analysis of the elements of the crop structure (productive tillering, panicle length, number of spikelets, number of grains, grain weight per panicle, grain weight per plant, weight of 1000 grains) of varieties and models was carried out. The content of fat and protein, as well as the filminess of the grain of the analyzed variety and ideal type, were determined. Based on the comparative analysis of economically useful traits of AGU 75 variety, the degree of their compliance with the previously developed optimal parameters of the wintering oat model variant was revealed. The expediency of using AGU 75 variety as a source of valuable traits in breeding work to increase winter hardiness, productivity, resistance to lodging and diseases, early maturity, shattering, filminess, as well as elements of the crop structure – productive tillering, grain weight per plant was experimentally confirmed.

Existing designs of screw working bodies of transport and processing machines cannot always provide the required performance and avoid overloading, which causes deformation and damage to parts of the mechanisms. Thus, it is necessary to establish new efficient screw working bodies that would ensure the execution of the technological process. The purpose of the study was to substantiate and explore the design and methodology for calculating the main structural-power parameters of the developed screw loader, to synthesise screw loaders using the method of morphological analysis to obtain designs of mechanisms with better technical and economic characteristics. The methods of surface theory, analytical and differential geometry, computer graphics and mathematics were used to conduct the research. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, the designs of screw conveyors with hopper loading and screw conveyors with nozzle loading are presented. In addition, a classification of loaders for screw transport and technological mechanisms is presented. The dependencies for calculating the design of screw conveyor loaders are determined. The synthesis of loaders and mixers by the method of morphological analysis was performed to obtain designs of mechanisms with the best technical and economic characteristics and competitive designs of mechanisms were established. A system of coding and synthesis of structural elements and mechanisms of screw implements with improved technological properties is proposed, and competitive designs of screw implement that perform technological processes efficiently and effectively are selected. A methodology for calculating the main structural and power parameters of a screw loader has been developed, which allows for determining the parameters of a screw loader. The materials of the research can be used in further studies of screw conveyors and, in particular, screw loaders to determine their design, technological, energy and power parameters

The subject of this study is the legal regulation of the unified system of public authority in the Russian Federation. Its purpose is to determine the theoretical approaches and practice of legislative regulation of a unified system of public authority, which is unfolding after the adoption of amendments to the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. The main hypothesis, which authors propose is that there is a contradiction between the norms of the acts, governing organization and activities of public authorities, and those norms in their relationship with the constitutional norms governing the relevant relations. In the course of the work, the authors used both general research methods, including methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as field-specific ones, including the formal legal method. The authors believe that the difficulties in reflecting public authority in normative regulation lie primarily in the fact that neither in Soviet legal research, nor in the current Russian legal thought, issues of public authority have been considered meaningfully and in detail. Its content and structure do not have a clear, complete doctrinal understanding. Foreign experience, however, shows that such a clear understanding at the theoretical level is absent in foreign jurisdictions either.

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study covers results for the period 2018-2021 from agrotechnical experience conducted at the Maize Research Institute – Knezha. The object of study is the Knezha 435 maize hybrid, grown at a density of 5200 plants/da. Maize was grown under control option T0 – no fertilization and two levels of fertilization: N5P5K5 (T1) and N10P10K10 (T2). On average for the period 2018- 2021, the use of N5P5K5 increased the number of grains in one cob by 20.5%, and the doubled dose of fertilizer – N10P10K10 by 33.5%. As a result of these fertilizer rates, the weight of one cob increased by 10.8% and 16%. The grain weight per cob increased by 12.2% and 15.4% for variants N5P5K5 and N10P10K10, respectively. In terms of absolute weight, the effect of applied fertilizers was 6.8% and 11%, and for hectoliter weight it was 7.3% and 9.9%. The highest productivity of maize was established in 2018. The yield obtained from it was 513 kg/da for the variant without fertilization. From the use of N5P5K5, it was 714.1 kg/da and 789.5 kg/da for N10P10K10. The increase due to fertilization was 39.2% and 53.9%. On average for the period 2018-2021, the indicated doses of fertilizer increase the maize yield by 24.8% and 41.6%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted at the Maize Research Institute-Knezha for the period 2018-2020 year. The article present the results of the influence of tillage and mineral fertilization on the yield and its structural elements of maize for grain. Under without fertilization conditions grain yield is higher for the wheat – maize in comparison growing maize after yourself. On average for the period fertilization with N10P10 increased by 29.24% the productivity of maize for the unit. In monoculture the effect of fertilizer is between 36.65% and 40.84%, respectively for cultivation A5 (plowed with a plow of 30-35 cm) and A3 (plowed plow of 18-20 cm). In the different variants of maize cultivation, no significant differences were observed, for the length of the cob and the number of rows in on cob. The weight of 1 cob and the grain weight of 1 cob have higher values when fertilizing with N10P10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Относительная простота английского языка обеспечивает возможность кросс-культурных коммуникаций не только с носителями языка, но и со всем мировым сообществом, что представляется актуальным даже с учетом переориентации личных и деловых связей российских резидентов на Восток. Эмоциональная окраска способствует формированию яркого, выпуклого сообщения, что является значимой частью даже делового общения. При устной коммуникации кроме вербальных элементов чувственные оттенки можно передать невербальными сигналами, при взаимодействии с получателем письменного сообщения важны формальные знаки, помогающие передать экспрессию. Целью исследования является выявление специфических особенностей английского языка в части структурных и стилистических элементов, позволяющих выразить эмоциональную сторону сообщения и передать чувства адресанта адресату. Научная работа представляет собой рассмотрение образцов английских лексических единиц разного иерархического уровня от морфем до словосочетаний с использованием эмпирического анализа, сравнительного и описательного методов, методов исторической реконструкции, индукции, обобщения. Результатом исследования стало раскрытие инструментария разных уровней лексической иерархии: трансформаций, графических элементов (цветовых, шрифтовых и модельных), уменьшительно-ласкательных и пренебрежительных аффиксов, метафор разного вида и др. Основные теоретические положения статьи могут быть использованы как в дальнейших научных исследованиях, так и в коммуникативной практике на английском языке.

The segmentation of point clouds obtained from existing buildings provides the ability to perform a detailed structural analysis and overall life-cycle assessment of buildings. The major challenge in dealing with existing buildings is the presence of diverse and large amounts of occluding objects, which limits the segmentation process. In this study, we use unsupervised methods that integrate knowledge about the structural forms of buildings and their spatial dependencies to segment points into common structural classes. We first develop a novelty approach of joining remotely disconnected patches that happened due to missing data from occluding objects using pairs of detected planar patches. Afterward, segmentation approaches are introduced to classify the pairs of refined planes into floor slabs, floor beams, walls, and columns. Finally, we test our approach using a large dataset with high levels of occlusions. We also compare our approach to recent segmentation methods. Compared to many other segmentation methods the study shows good results in segmenting structural elements by their constituent surfaces. Potential areas of improvement, particularly in segmenting walls and beam classes, are highlighted for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and discusses the results of an experimental study aimed at characterizing the mechanical properties of an innovative and patented concrete masonry solid block with non-conventional geometry. The measured response in the new non-conventional block is compared with a conventional solid block. The experimental program was planned to verify whether the new block complies with the minimum values prescribed by the NSR-10 Colombian Code for being used as an unreinforced structural masonry block. The verification includes tests of water absorption and compressive strength of blocks, compressive strength of prisms, and flexural bond strength of standard beams. The similitudes or differences between the two types of blocks and prisms were evaluated using ANOVA tests. The results obtained demonstrated that both types of blocks comply with the requirements prescribed by NSR-10. Moreover, the flexural bond strength of the new block is roughly two times higher than that of the conventional block. The study results confirm that the new innovative block can be used for masonry structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of IPGR - Sadovo in the period 2018-2020. Biometric analysis was performed on the sixteen old varieties of common winter wheat created in IPGR. The following traits were taken: yield, productive tillering, central spike length, spikelets number in centaral spike, grains number in central spike, grain weight in central spike, grains number in other spikes, grains weight in other spikes, grains number of 1 plant and grains weight of 1 plant. The data are processed by statistical methods - variance (ANOVA), variation and principal component analysis. The results show that the influence of the genotype and the interaction of the genotype x environment was proved in all the monitored traits. In terms of traits, the influence of the environment is unproven only in 3 traits - grains weight in 1 plant, grains weight in the other spikes and spikelets number in the central spike. The aim of the study is to test the effect of climate change on the structural elements of the yield of old varieties of common winter wheat, as the main food crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early fault signature detection and background noise removal are essential for bearing fault diagnosis. A novel multiscale enhanced morphological top-hat filter fault diagnosis method, adaptive variational mode decomposition-sample entropy-multiscale enhanced top-hat filter (AVMD-SE-MEMTF), is proposed based on AVMD-SE noise reduction. First, gray wolf optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the VMD to achieve the optimal decomposition parameters adaptively and combine with SE to eliminate the high noise components and improve the noise reduction effect. Then, based on the pulse extraction property of morphological operations, the concept of MEMTF is proposed. To enhance the multiscale index selection strategy, a synthesis method of eigenfrequency envelope coefficients is constructed to increase the accuracy of the operator during the vibration signal process. Finally, experimental and engineering results show that the proposed method has good diagnostic performance for weak faults in the presence of noise interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stainless steels, especially AISI 304 are widely used civil engineering materials because of their excellent properties. They are used/applied in many civil engineering structures (chemical, energy, bridges etc.). The presented study aims to quantify variance of selected properties from various structural elements made from AISI 304. This study shows that the mechanical and fatigue properties of AISI 304 steel used in construction and supplied in different profiles from different suppliers can vary considerably, which must be taken into account when designing structures or its service-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstructing the stratigraphic paleosurfaces of a fold is essential for deciphering the folding mechanism, simulating landscape evolution processes, and investigating mineral resource distribution. However, standard methods for reconstructing paleosurfaces in tectonic landforms, primarily applied on large-scale sedimentary basins and orogenic belts, heavily rely on extensive geological data and generally yield low-accuracy results. This limits their applicability to small to intermediate-scale geological structural areas. Therefore, this paper introduces a stratigraphic paleosurface reconstruction method tailored for small and intermediate-scale folds, leveraging structural element features to constrain this reconstruction, which is notably helpful when dealing with sparse geological and topographic data. This method involves several steps. Firstly, define the fold units for diverse landforms. Secondly, extract fold structural elements (FSEs) with diverse geological data. Next, fit the paleo-boundary of each stratum within the two-dimensional (2D) cross-section using elemental feature constraints. Finally, the Morphing technique is applied to interpolate multiple paleo-boundaries, which are then utilized in reconstructing the stratigraphic paleosurfaces through the Contour Reconstruction Algorithm (CRA). To validate the method, tests were conducted on three representative folds in China: the eastern Sichuan comb-like fold belt, the Dayueshan Anticline on Mount Lu, and the Wulongshan Dome near the Huangling Dome. Experimental results demonstrate that utilizing structural features as constraints enables automatic, accurate, and reliable stratigraphic paleosurface reconstruction. The reconstructed paleosurfaces facilitate the analysis of geometric characteristics and structural development mechanisms of folds within the study area. Furthermore, they can be readily incorporated into landscape evolution models (i.e., TTLEM) to simulate realistic topographic evolution and tectonic paleogeographic mapping or construct three-dimensional (3D) solid models. • Develop a novel stratigraphic paleosurfaces reconstruction method for small and intermediate-scale folds. • Define the boundaries of fold units using the entity division method of fold landform. • Fold structural elements (FSEs) constrain the fitting and optimization of fold stratigraphic paleo-boundaries. • Interpolate stratigraphic transition paleo-boundaries by applying the Lagrange function and Morphing technique. • Test the method in three areas with different fold types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lubrication properties of food are considered to be closely related to complex sensorial attributes such as creaminess and mouthcoating. In ice cream, these properties can be presumed to be partly linked to the product's melting. It is still unclear how to measure the lubrication properties of ice cream during the melting process and which ice cream characteristics affect lubrication. In this study, a new method was developed to measure the lubrication properties of ice cream both during melting and in a molten state. Different structural elements, including fat content, ice fraction, fat aggregation, viscosity and overrun, were modified to identify the main factors influencing lubrication. Representative tribological parameters were extracted from the tribological curves and were related to ice cream characteristics. Using a tribometer with adjustable probe height, lubrication properties throughout the entire melting process could be measured. The results showed that lubrication behavior of ice cream were mainly positively influenced by the ice fraction and overrun, while the fat content mainly affected the lubrication behavior of molten ice cream. Fat aggregation and serum phase viscosity did not appear to have a significant effect on the lubrication properties during melting. In addition, the penetration distance of the probe into the ice cream samples was measured during the melting process, providing an alternative method to characterize the melting profile of ice cream. This distance was related to changes in the hardness, which were mostly influenced by the ice fraction and overrun. This study indicates that different structural features determine the lubrication properties of ice cream in different melting regimes, and the proposed methodology may provide new possibilities for measuring melting behavior or hardness during the melting process. [Display omitted] • Developed a method to access lubrication behavior of ice cream during melting. • Structural elements showed different effects in different melting regimes. • High ice fraction led to fast friction reduction at the initial melting process. • Overrun and fat content dominated the lubrication at the later stages of melting. • Fat aggregation negatively affects ice cream lubrication in molten state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete 3D Printing (3DP) is a potential technology for increasing automation and introducing digital fabrication in the construction industry. Concrete 3D Printing provides a significant advantage over conventional or precast methods, such as the prospects of topologically optimized designs and integrating functional components within the structural volume of the building components. Many previous studies have compiled state-of-art studies in design parameters, mix properties, robotic technologies, and reinforcement strategies in 3D printed elements. However, there is no literature review on using concrete 3D Printing technology to fabricate structural load-carrying elements and systems. As concrete 3DP is shifting towards a large-scale construction technology paradigm, it is essential to understand the current studies on structural members and focus on future studies to improve further. A systematic literature review process is adopted in this study, where relevant publications are searched and analyzed to answer a set of well-defined research questions. The review is structured by categorizing the publications based on issues/problems associated with structural members and the recent technology solutions developed. It gives an overall view of the studies, which is still in its nascent stage, and the areas which require future focus on 3D printing technology in large-scale construction projects.

Fire is one of the most severe conditions to which buildings may be exposed. However, reinforced concrete has good resistance, which makes it one of the building materials most widely used worldwide. When reinforced concrete is exposed to high temperatures, its skeletal members undergo changes that may lead to, in many cases, inclusive cracking. Beams, columns, and slabs are the most important structural elements in any concrete construction. Structural members are generally designed to satisfy the requirements of serviceability and safety limit states for various environmental conditions. Typically, structural members are created to meet a specific fire resistance grade. The characteristics of the structure and the type of occupation are just two variables that affect fire resistance. Structural fire rating's primary goals are to enable building inhabitants enough time to leave, enough time for firefighters to put out the fire, and enough time to prevent any potential structural damage. This article overviews how various reinforced concrete building structural elements behave when exposed to high temperatures. It has been found that both concrete and reinforcing bars are adversely affected by fire. Furthermore, it has been discovered that flexibility and stiffness decrease with increasing stress or the period of fire exposure. Also, the flexibility and stiffness rise with increasing structural element cross-section; however, the maximum slab deflection non-linearly decreases during the fire test. The bottom of the concrete slab begins to cool as temperatures decrease, which increases the yield strength of the bottom reinforcing and causes it to contract along with the lower half of the slab. This article also presents a review of a set of experimental and theoretical results on the thermal behavior of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, and other structural parts under different conditions and scenarios as a historical review.

This paper compares the effectiveness of one-semester-long instruction of teacher-student collaborative assessment (TSCA) and trained peer review assessment (TPRA). Dependent variables include occurrence of structural elements of the simplified Toulmin model, and improvement of argumentation substance which refers to the quality of reasoning reflected in Toulmin structural elements. Eighty-one sophomore English majors from TSCA group (n=41) and TPRA group (n= 40) were asked to construct two argumentative essays at both the beginning and the end of the semester. The results reveal that the TSCA group produced significantly more counterargument claims and rebuttal data. Additionally, the TSCA group significantly outperformed TPRA group in constructing stronger counterargument claim, rebuttal claim and rebuttal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]